| 1. |
- Jonsdottir, Berglind, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood thyroid autoimmunity and relation to islet autoantibodies in children at risk for type 1 diabetes in the diabetes prediction in skåne (DiPiS) study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 51:5, s. 228-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim was to determine prevalence and age at seroconversion of thyroid autoimmunity in relation to islet autoantibodies, gender and HLA-DQ genotypes in children with increased risk for type 1 diabetes followed from birth. Methods: In 10-year-old children (n = 1874), blood samples were analysed for autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), thyroglobulin (TGAb), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GADA), Zink transporter 8 (ZnT8R/W/QA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), insulin (IAA) and HLA-DQ genotypes. Prospectively collected samples from 2 years of age were next analysed for TPOAb, and TGAb and, finally, in confirming samples at 11–16 years of age along with TSH and FT4. Frequencies were tested with Chi-square or Fischer’s exact tests, autoantibody levels with Wilcoxon and correlations between autoantibody levels with Spearman’s rank correlation test. Results: The prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity was 6.9%, overrepresented in girls (p <.001) also having higher TPOAb levels at 10 years (p =.049). TPOAb was associated with GADA (p =.002), ZnT8R/W/QA (p =.001) and IA-2A (p =.001) while TGAb were associated with ZnT8R/W/QA (p =.021). In boys only, TPOAb were associated with GADA (p =.002), IA-2A (p =.001), ZnT8R/W/QA (p =.001) and IAA (p =.009), and TGAb with GADA (p =.013), IA-2A (p =.005) and ZnT8R/W/QA (p =.003). Levels of IA-2A correlated to both TPOAb (p =.021) and to TGAb (p =.011). In boys only, levels of GADA and TGAb correlated (p =.009 as did levels of IA-2A and TPOAb (p =.013). The frequency and levels of thyroid autoantibodies increased with age. At follow-up, 22.3% had abnormal thyroid function or were treated with thyroxine. Conclusions: Thyroid autoimmunity and high TPOAb levels were more common in girls. In contrast, in boys only, there was a strong association with as well as correlation between levels of thyroid and islet autoantibodies. It is concluded that while girls may develop autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) independent of islet autoantibodies, the risk for thyroid disease in boys may be linked to concomitant islet autoimmunity.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Finding a unicorn in the woods : The magic of collaborative care and resistance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Voices from gender studies. - : Routledge.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter is a critical celebration of an academic and activist group that we call Ånge. Using memory work, we discuss our experiences of regularly meeting in Ånge, a small town located in rural northern inland Sweden. Drawing on theories of centre and periphery, safe space, slow scholarship, and feminist care, we find that safe spaces are crucial for resisting patriarchal and neoliberal demands of academia. Through Ånge we have found a more radical way of doing research. Overturning the neoliberal order within the university requires a release of unicorns—symbolising the creation of collaborative care and resistance.
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| 3. |
- Larsson Hult, Karin, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Rum för gemenskap
- 2022
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Ingår i: Forum för genusvetenskap - en jubilar i vardande. - SUNDSVALL : Mid Sweden University. - 9789189341876 ; , s. 25-27
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced morbidity at diagnosis and improved glycemic control in children previously enrolled in DiPiS follow-up
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X. ; 15:7, s. 494-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: Children participating in longitudinal type 1 diabetes prediction studies were reported to have less severe disease at diabetes diagnosis. Our aim was to investigate children who from birth participated in the Diabetes Prediction in Skane (DiPiS) study for metabolic status at diagnosis and then continued to be followed for 2 yr of regular clinical care. Methods: Children, followed in DiPiS before diagnosis, were compared to children in the same birth cohort, who did not participate in follow-up. Metabolic status, symptoms at diagnosis as well as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and doses of insulin at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after diagnosis were compared. Results: Children, followed in DiPiS and diagnosed at 2-12 yr of age, had 0.8% (9 mmol/mol) lower HbA1c at diagnosis than those who were not followed (p=0.006). At diagnosis, fewer DiPiS children had symptoms (p=0.014) and ketoacidosis at diagnosis were reduced (2% compared to 18%, p=0.005). During regular clinical care, HbA1c levels for the DiPiS children remained lower both at 12 (0.4% (4 mmol/mol); p=0.009) and 24 months (0.8% (9 mmol/mol) p < 0.001) after diagnosis, despite no difference in total daily insulin between the two groups. Conclusions: Participation in prospective follow-up before diagnosis of type 1 diabetes leads to earlier diagnosis with fewer symptoms, decreased incidence of ketoacidosis as well as better metabolic control up to 2 yr after diagnosis. Our data indicate that metabolic control at the time of diabetes diagnosis is important for early metabolic control possibly affecting the risk of long-term complications.
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| 5. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 6. |
- Sundelöf, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2021 : Resursöversikt
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES). Sammantaget redovisas tillståndet för 107 bestånd av 48 fisk- och skaldjursarter.De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten är en beställning från Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) till Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) och utgör ett viktigt kunskapsunderlag till myndighetens arbete. Den uppfyller de krav som finns inom EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik om att basera förvaltningen på bästa tillgängliga vetenskap. Denna rapport är också ett stöd till det arbete som beskrivs närmare i strategin för framtidens fiske och tillhörande handlingsplaner för vattenbruk, yrkes- och fritidsfiske som HaV och Jordbruksverket har tagit fram i dialog med fiskets och vattenbrukets intressenter.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Akbar, Muhammad Usman, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Brain tumor segmentation using synthetic MR images - A comparison of GANs and diffusion models
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2052-4463. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large annotated datasets are required for training deep learning models, but in medical imaging data sharing is often complicated due to ethics, anonymization and data protection legislation. Generative AI models, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and diffusion models, can today produce very realistic synthetic images, and can potentially facilitate data sharing. However, in order to share synthetic medical images it must first be demonstrated that they can be used for training different networks with acceptable performance. Here, we therefore comprehensively evaluate four GANs (progressive GAN, StyleGAN 1–3) and a diffusion model for the task of brain tumor segmentation (using two segmentation networks, U-Net and a Swin transformer). Our results show that segmentation networks trained on synthetic images reach Dice scores that are 80%–90% of Dice scores when training with real images, but that memorization of the training images can be a problem for diffusion models if the original dataset is too small. Our conclusion is that sharing synthetic medical images is a viable option to sharing real images, but that further work is required. The trained generative models and the generated synthetic images are shared on AIDA data hub.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Almstedt, Elin, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Integrative discovery of treatments for high-risk neuroblastoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite advances in the molecular exploration of paediatric cancers, approximately 50% of children with high-risk neuroblastoma lack effective treatment. To identify therapeutic options for this group of high-risk patients, we combine predictive data mining with experimental evaluation in patient-derived xenograft cells. Our proposed algorithm, TargetTranslator, integrates data from tumour biobanks, pharmacological databases, and cellular networks to predict how targeted interventions affect mRNA signatures associated with high patient risk or disease processes. We find more than 80 targets to be associated with neuroblastoma risk and differentiation signatures. Selected targets are evaluated in cell lines derived from high-risk patients to demonstrate reversal of risk signatures and malignant phenotypes. Using neuroblastoma xenograft models, we establish CNR2 and MAPK8 as promising candidates for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma. We expect that our method, available as a public tool (targettranslator.org), will enhance and expedite the discovery of risk-associated targets for paediatric and adult cancers.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Altés Arlandis, Alberto, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Common Life : LiAi research Report 2014-2015
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Common Life is the theme of the third term of the MA programme at the "Laboratory of Immediate Architectural Intervention", taught at Umeå School of Architecture. The main course in the term is called "Architectural Intervention, Realization and Consequences" and it aims at enabling the students to adopt a more reflective approach after their first year, in order to start developing a position as architects and as researchers. The semester is also a transition towards the final term in which students are to develop their Master's Theses. This publication gathers the results of a collective effort to carry out a research assignment that is conceived to prepare the students for some of the challenges they will have to face in order to complete those theses. The course focuses on architecture's ability to provide, through its transformative power, conditions of 'possibility' for the sharing of various spaces, times, processes and other things. Producing uncertainties, contingent relationships and unexpected effects can help define more positive value systems than that of the building-as-consumable-object. We understand the building as a relational object within a complex meshwork of other things, people and technologies, and we explore the notion of architecture-as-an-emergent-'gift': a relational practice that enables encounter(s), and affords the sharing of moments, conversations and, why not, lives. Inhabiting the spaces, discourses and events of this common life, we try to develop a faithful and true care for the situations we are enmeshed in, and perhaps discover ways to displace what is, in order to 'architect' what could be and what ought to be. Homes are very close to us, we inhabit them with our bodies, emotions and thoughts, we make them and they make us. How much are we ready to share of our lives? What can we obtain from sharing? What can we share? Are there degrees of sharing? What is our role as architects and the role of architecture in affording such 'sharings'?
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| 14. |
- Anderson, Johan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Self-Heating in Wood Pellets by FE Modelling
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The self-heating process in a laboratory scale experiment has been modelled using the Comsol Multiphysics software. In the simulations the gas flow and air movement in the volume and heat diffusion in the bulk were taken into account however only one reaction in the pellets bulk is considered. The input data is found from measurements of the reaction chemistry and the heat transfer properties. It is found that all relevant physics is needed in order to obtain reasonable predictions in particular the heat transfer between the bulk and the gas is important but also condensation and evaporation of moisture.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Management Measures to Reduce Continuous Underwater Noise from Shipping
- 2023
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Underwater radiated noise (URN) from commercial ships is a significant source of elevated noise levels in the oceans and can have a negative impact on marine wildlife. Noise from commercial shipping places additional stress on the oceans, but is one of the least studied environmental pollutants, and there is an urgent need to reduce the aggregate stress levels. Until recently, reduction of underwater noise has not been prioritised by ship designers, shipowners, or crews. Even within the field of marine management, noise has received limited interest. However, the International Maritime organization (IMO) has adopted global guidelines on URN reduction, which are currently being updated. Within the EU, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD 2008/56/EC) Descriptor 11 criteria 11.2, now provides a framework for marine administrators to manage noise by establishing threshold values. Marine management focuses on the total noise load on the marine environment. Management entails several considerations before recommendations can be made. As a first step, interdisciplinary teams need to assess the aggregated noise levels and determine acceptable thresholds based on the local ecosystem, then assess which existing mandates and management tools can be used, and finally assess how effective these mandates have been in improving the environment. These activities must also be managed in a way that is acceptable to various relevant stakeholders, who would need to follow the decisions. The URN from a ship can be affected by the vessel’s design, either during its construction or during upgrades, and balances a trade-off against fuel efficiency. However, the URN can also depend on how the ship is operated. Regulating ship speed is one potential management tool, and its effectiveness needs to be assessed. Other management measures include how shipping lanes are drawn, areas to avoid, financial support, information, etc. This report focuses on possible policy measures that the Swedish authorities could adopt to lower URN by regulating the speed of ships. The report presents an interdisciplinary analysis, using a case study of an area in the southern Kattegat that covered several maritime zones, different national jurisdictions, intensive traffic, and high natural values. An important part of the work was to assess whether existing source models for ship noise could be used for the type of ships that are common in waters around Sweden. In this study, the JOMOPANS-ECHO (J-E) model was used.The J-E model was validated by comparing measurement data from a hydrophone station at Vinga on the Swedish coast that collected data from ships (254 passages) that used the port of Gothenburg. The analysis showed some deviation between the J-E model and measurement data, which could be due to differences in the length and speed of ships in waters around Sweden compared to the ships used in the development of the J-E model. However, this was likely to have negligible impact on the outcome of the case study.Analyses of ship traffic in 2021 showed that 4,511 unique vessels visited the study area at least once. Most ships followed the main routes, but no part of the study area was completely free from ship traffic. About 68% of the ships visited the study area for 1-4 days, while about 32% visited the area more regularly. The most common ship types were General Cargo Ships, Dry Bulk Ships, and Tankers. The ships that on average travelled at highest speeds were RoPax Ships, RoRo Ships, Vehicle Carriers, and Container Ships. The ships were registered in 64 countries. About two percent of the ships were registered in Sweden and about four percent in Denmark.Legal analysis showed that Sweden has the right and the responsibility to take measures to reduce underwater noise from ships to the extent that the noise can be deemed to pollute the marine environment. However, this mainly applies to Sweden’s territorial seas, which cover roughly half the area being studied for this report. In the portion that constitutes Danish territorial sea, Denmark has comparable opportunities for managing URN. In areas that are Swedish or Danish exclusive economic zones (EEZs), the ability to introduce mandatory speed limits is significantly limited. There, the most realistic option would be to request the IMO to establish speed limits, or alternatively to issue a recommendation to navigate at lower speeds, although such guidance could not be enforced on ships that do not voluntarily reduce their speed.It was estimated that lowering the ships' speeds to a hypothetical limit of 11 kn would reduce the average URN levels by 4.4 ± 2 dB, as registered by local receivers in the study area. This speed limit would affect approximately 44% of the ships in the area. A maximum speed of 13 kn would instead reduce the level by 1.9 ± 0.5 dB and would affect 11% of the ships on average. The reduction in noise levels may temporarily be much higher in the immediate vicinity of individual fast ships, and there might be a high degree of variation between different ships.The study and report make it clear that it is a complex task to assess the feasibility and benefit of introducing a specific marine management tool, in this case an enforceable local speed limit. But it is also clear that there are reliable methods to make the preliminary assessments, and that it requires interdisciplinary analyses and competence.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Halvtid i bostadsbrandprojekten
- 2016
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Ingår i: Brandposten. ; :55, s. 14-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Riskreducerande åtgärder för dödsbränder i bostäder
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Thisreport summarizes the work conducted within the project ”Analysis of physicaldeterminants and technical measures in support of the zero vision” financed bythe Civil Contingency Authority (MSB) in Sweden. The work aims to find measuresto prevent and reduce the number of fatalities in fires in residentialbuildings in a Sweden, a list of such measures is provided in the end of thereport. The list is based on work conducted in several small sub-projects, ashort summary of these is also provided in the report.
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| 18. |
- Andréasson, Maia, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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På jakt efter amerikasvenskan
- 2013
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Ingår i: Svenskans beskrivning / [SvB.] 32, Förhandlingar vid trettioandra sammankomsten för svenskans beskrivning, Karlstad den 13-14 oktober 2011 / redigerade av Björn Bihl, Peter Andersson & Lena Lötmarker. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1102-3619. - 9789170634901 ; 32, s. 82-91
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Arvidson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Förlåtande system och produkter: Kartläggning av funktion och effektivitet vid bostadsbränder
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Active fire protection systems and products: A review of the performance in residential firesEach year there are in excess of 20 000 residential fires in Sweden and the local rescue services are alerted to just over 6 000 of them. In recent years, around 90 people died in fires annually and the vast majority of these died in a fire in the home. Although the number of fatalities and injuries in fires has decreased in recent decades, it is a slow decline.The objective of the work presented in this report was to investigate whether the use of passive or active fire protection systems or products have the potential to further reduce the number of deadly fires. The investigation was based on a review of national and international experience on the use of fire-safe cigarettes, fire-safe candles, upholstered furniture and mattresses, bedding products, residual current devices, stove top protection systems, home fire alarms, residential sprinkler systems and stand-alone sprinkler systems.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Barchéus, Ida-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Developing and testing the feasibility of a new internet-based intervention-A case study of people with stroke and occupational therapists
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 18:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Internet-based interventions are called for within rehabilitation to meet the limited access to support for self-management after stroke. Therefore, a new intervention program, “Strategies for Empowering activities in Everyday life” (SEE) was developed. The aim of this study was to explore and describe how clients with stroke and their occupational therapists experienced the SEE intervention process and whether SEE has the potential to promote an active everyday life.Methods: A qualitative descriptive case study was designed. Four people with stroke (two of each sex, mean age 66,5 years) and their two occupational therapists (one of each sex) were included. A mix of data collection methods as interviews, assessments, registration forms and fieldnotes was used to uncover the participants’ experiences and potential changes. Data were analysed with pattern matching.Findings: The analysed data formed three categories: “Not being able to take on the internet-based intervention”, “Being facilitated in the change process of everyday life through the internet-based intervention”, and “Providing a new internet-based intervention is a transition from ordinary practice”. These categories included two to four subcategories that reflected aspects of SEE feasibility and acceptability with a focus on content and delivery.Conclusion: The first test of the intervention indicates that the content and delivery of SEE can be feasible and acceptable both for clients and occupational therapists. The findings suggest that SEE has the potential to support clients’ self-reflections and their adoption of strategies that influence engagement in daily activities and satisfaction with life in various ways. Further research with large-scale studies is needed.
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| 22. |
- Barchéus, Ida-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapists’ experiences of using a new internet-based intervention - a focus group study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 31:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundResearch is limited about how the introduction of new ways of delivering and conducting occupational therapy, in accordance with expected changes in health care, is experienced by occupational therapists (OTs).AimTo explore how OTs experienced use of a new internet-based intervention, ‘Strategies for Empowering activities in Everyday life’ (SEE), focusing on supporting client resources to manage an active everyday life after stroke.Material and methodsA focus group study with periodical repeated discussion was designed. Four sessions during a period of 22 months were conducted with a total of four OTs.ResultOverall, the results reflected that the OTs experienced that the use of SEE for persons with stroke was a valuable complement to existing rehabilitation. The process of introducing SEE included a multifaceted transition involving context, intervention process and delivery that renewed occupational therapy.ConclusionThese results indicate how the use of new internet-based interventions such as SEE can influence and support renewal of occupational therapy that extends beyond the particular intervention. Continued research is needed to explore more aspects of SEE feasibility.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Beignon, Anne-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Endocytosis of HIV-1 activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor-viral RNA interactions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 115:11, s. 3265-3275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HIV-1 directly activates human plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) by upregulating the expression of costimulatory and MHC molecules and maturation markers, increasing T cell stimulatory activity, and inducing the production of type I interferons and TNF-α. A consequence of this activation is the bystander maturation of myeloid DCs and overall enhancement of antigen-presenting function. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) of pDC activation by HIV-1. Here we demonstrate by in vitro studies that IFN-α production by pDC in response to HIV-1 requires at least 2 interactions between the cell and virus. Initially, envelope-CD4 interactions mediate endocytosis of HIV-1, as demonstrated through the use of inhibitors of binding, fusion, endocytosis, and endosomal acidification. Subsequently, endosomally delivered viral nucleic acids, particularly RNA, stimulate pDCs through TLRs, as activation is reproduced with purified genomic RNA but not viral RNA packaging-deficient HIV-1 and blocked with different inhibitory TLR ligands. Finally, by using genetic complementation, we show that TLR7 is the likely primary target. Viral RNA rather than DNA in early retrotranscripts appears to be the active factor in HIV-1 that induces IFN-α secretion by pDCs. Since the decline in pDCs in chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with high viral loads and opportunistic infections, exploiting this natural adjuvant activity of HIV-1 RNA might be useful in the development of vaccines for the prevention of AIDS.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Berry, Gustav, 1987-
(författare)
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Den självstyrda periferin : Lanthushållsundervisningen och styrningen av den svenska landsbygden, 1890-1970
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Through the formation and development of industrial societies between 1890 and 1970, rural life and agriculture in Europe were made subject to a high degree of social, economic and political planning. This phenomenon of rural governance in the age of high modernity is explored in this thesis, which analyzes the governance of the Swedish countryside through studies of rural domestic education. In this thesis, rural domestic education refers to a complex of three educational institutions. Together they formed an arrangement to shape the work and lives of rural girls and women in Sweden in order to manage larger issues connected to the fate of agriculture and rural life in industrial society. The arrangement consisted of rural vocational schools, targeting young, unmarried women; the home demonstration extension service, directed towards rural housewives, and colleges for rural domestic teacher education. By framing rural domestic education as a case of rural governance, the thesis seeks to further the discussion of rural self-governance during the period. In contrast to previous studies in the field, which have favored the agency of the modern state and the notion of high modernism, this study highlights the social dimensions of rural governance and the ambivalence and resistance to the upheavals of high modernity experienced by social groups and classes in the Swedish countryside.The aim of the thesis is to widen and deepen our understanding of rural governance in the age of high modernity. This is done by merging theoretical perspectives from modern history and the history of education and applying them to four source pluralistic empirical investigations. These investigations cover the rationales, conditions, and actors involved in the governance of the Swedish countryside through rural domestic education between 1910 and 1960.Taken together the investigations show that the attempts to govern rural Sweden by fostering rural housewives were firmly based in the countryside. They were motivated by real and imagined threats related to women’s flight from the land and carried out through cooperation between the state and rural civil society, responsible for financing respectively organizing different forms of rural domestic education. Moreover, the rationales and conditions of rural domestic education were closely tied to a social and cultural formation that used it to further its own interests, characterized in the thesis as the rural bourgeoise. Through these results the thesis shows that rural governance in the age of high modernity can be understood as reactions of social groups responding to rapid transformations of society, rather than an outcome of state intervention and the need to render agriculture and rural life legible. This new understanding has implications for our perception of rural governance as a phenomenon in modern history and presents new perspectives on the history of agricultural and domestic education for women.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Berthon, Beatrice, et al.
(författare)
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PETSTEP : generation of synthetic PET lesions for fast evaluation of segmentation methods
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physica medica (Testo stampato). - : Elsevier BV. - 1120-1797 .- 1724-191X. ; 31:8, s. 969-980
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This work describes PETSTEP (PET Simulator of Tracers via Emission Projection): a faster and more accessible alternative to Monte Carlo (MC) simulation generating realistic PET images, for studies assessing image features and segmentation techniques.Methods: PETSTEP was implemented within Matlab as open source software. It allows generating threedimensional PET images from PET/CT data or synthetic CT and PET maps, with user-drawn lesions and user-set acquisition and reconstruction parameters. PETSTEP was used to reproduce images of the NEMA body phantom acquired on a GE Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner, and simulated with MC for the GE Discovery LS scanner, and to generate realistic Head and Neck scans. Finally the sensitivity (S) and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of three automatic segmentation methods were compared when applied to the scanner-acquired and PETSTEP-simulated NEMA images.Results: PETSTEP produced 3D phantom and clinical images within 4 and 6 min respectively on a single core 2.7 GHz computer. PETSTEP images of the NEMA phantom had mean intensities within 2% of the scanner-acquired image for both background and largest insert, and 16% larger background Full Width at Half Maximum. Similar results were obtained when comparing PETSTEP images to MC simulated data. The S and PPV obtained with simulated phantom images were statistically significantly lower than for the original images, but led to the same conclusions with respect to the evaluated segmentation methods.Conclusions: PETSTEP allows fast simulation of synthetic images reproducing scanner-acquired PET data and shows great promise for the evaluation of PET segmentation methods.
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| 29. |
- Bielecki, Johan, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Electrospray sample injection for single-particle imaging with x-ray lasers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 5:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of imaging single proteins constitutes an exciting challenge for x-ray lasers. Despite encouraging results on large particles, imaging small particles has proven to be difficult for two reasons: not quite high enough pulse intensity from currently available x-ray lasers and, as we demonstrate here, contamination of the aerosolized molecules by nonvolatile contaminants in the solution. The amount of contamination on the sample depends on the initial droplet size during aerosolization. Here, we show that, with our electrospray injector, we can decrease the size of aerosol droplets and demonstrate virtually contaminant-free sample delivery of organelles, small virions, and proteins. The results presented here, together with the increased performance of next-generation x-ray lasers, constitute an important stepping stone toward the ultimate goal of protein structure determination from imaging at room temperature and high temporal resolution.
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| 33. |
- Blystad, Ida, 1972-
(författare)
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Clinical Applications of Synthetic MRI of the Brain
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a high soft-tissue contrast with a high sensitivity for detecting pathological changes in the brain. Conventional MRI is a time-consuming method with multiple scans that relies on the visual assessment of the neuroradiologist. Synthetic MRI uses one scan to produce conventional images, but also quantitative maps based on relaxometry, that can be used to quantitatively analyse tissue properties and pathological changes. The studies presented here apply the use of synthetic MRI of the brain in different clinical settings.In the first study, synthetic MR images were compared to conventional MR images in 22 patients. The contrast, the contrast-to-noise ratio, and the diagnostic quality were assessed. Image quality was perceived to be inferior in the synthetic images, but synthetic images agreed with the clinical diagnoses to the same extent as the conventional images.Patients with early multiple sclerosis were analysed in the second study. In patients with multiple sclerosis, contrast-enhancing white matter lesions are a sign of active disease and can indicate a need for a change in therapy. Gadolinium-based contrast agents are used to detect active lesions, but concern has been raised regarding the long-term effects of repeated use of gadolinium. In this study, relaxometry was used to evaluate whether pre-contrast injection tissue-relaxation rates and proton density can identify active lesions without gadolinium. The findings suggest that active lesions often have relaxation times and proton density that differ from non-enhancing lesions, but with some overlap. This makes it difficult to replace gadolinium-based contrast agent injection with synthetic MRI in the monitoring of MS patients.Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumours with contrast enhancement due to a defective blood-brain barrier. However, they also grow in an infiltrative, diffuse manner, making it difficult to clearly delineate them from surrounding normal brain tissue in the diagnostic workup, at surgery, and during follow-up. The contrast-enhancing part of the tumour is easily visualised, but not the diffuse infiltration. In studies three and four, synthetic MRI was used to analyse the peritumoral area of malignant gliomas, and revealed quantitative findings regarding peritumoral relaxation changes and non-visible contrast enhancement suggestive of non-visible infiltrative tumour growth.In conclusion, synthetic MRI provides quantitative information about the brain tissue and this could improve the diagnosis and treatment for patients.
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| 34. |
- Blystad, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative MRI for Analysis of Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions without Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR). - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 37:1, s. 94-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Contrast-enhancing MS lesions are important markers of active inflammation in the diagnostic work-up of MS and in disease monitoring with MR imaging. Because intravenous contrast agents involve an expense and a potential risk of adverse events, it would be desirable to identify active lesions without using a contrast agent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pre-contrast injection tissue-relaxation rates and proton density of MS lesions, by using a new quantitative MR imaging sequence, can identify active lesions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients with a clinical suspicion of MS were studied. MR imaging with a standard clinical MS protocol and a quantitative MR imaging sequence was performed at inclusion (baseline) and after 1 year. ROIs were placed in MS lesions, classified as nonenhancing or enhancing. Longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates, as well as proton density were obtained from the quantitative MR imaging sequence. Statistical analyses of ROI values were performed by using a mixed linear model, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic analysis.RESULTS: Enhancing lesions had a significantly (P < .001) higher mean longitudinal relaxation rate (1.22 ± 0.36 versus 0.89 ± 0.24), a higher mean transverse relaxation rate (9.8 ± 2.6 versus 7.4 ± 1.9), and a lower mean proton density (77 ± 11.2 versus 90 ± 8.4) than nonenhancing lesions. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.832 was obtained.CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhancing MS lesions often have proton density and relaxation times that differ from those in nonenhancing lesions, with lower proton density and shorter relaxation times in enhancing lesions compared with nonenhancing lesions.
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| 35. |
- Blystad, Ida, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative MRI for analysis of peritumoral edema in malignant gliomas
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose Damage to the blood-brain barrier with subsequent contrast enhancement is a hallmark of glioblastoma. Non-enhancing tumor invasion into the peritumoral edema is, however, not usually visible on conventional magnetic resonance imaging. New quantitative techniques using relaxometry offer additional information about tissue properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal relaxation R-1, transverse relaxation R-2, and proton density in the peritumoral edema in a group of patients with malignant glioma before surgery to assess whether relaxometry can detect changes not visible on conventional images. Methods In a prospective study, 24 patients with suspected malignant glioma were examined before surgery. A standard MRI protocol was used with the addition of a quantitative MR method (MAGIC), which measured R-1, R-2, and proton density. The diagnosis of malignant glioma was confirmed after biopsy/surgery. In 19 patients synthetic MR images were then created from the MAGIC scan, and ROIs were placed in the peritumoral edema to obtain the quantitative values. Dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion was used to obtain cerebral blood volume (rCBV) data of the peritumoral edema. Voxel-based statistical analysis was performed using a mixed linear model. Results R-1, R-2, and rCBV decrease with increasing distance from the contrast-enhancing part of the tumor. There is a significant increase in R1 gradient after contrast agent injection (P<.0001). There is a heterogeneous pattern of relaxation values in the peritumoral edema adjacent to the contrast-enhancing part of the tumor. Conclusion Quantitative analysis with relaxometry of peritumoral edema in malignant gliomas detects tissue changes not visualized on conventional MR images. The finding of decreasing R-1 and R-2 means shorter relaxation times closer to the tumor, which could reflect tumor invasion into the peritumoral edema. However, these findings need to be validated in the future.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Blystad, Ida, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative MRI using relaxometry in malignant gliomas detects contrast enhancement in peritumoral oedema
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumours with an infiltrative growth pattern, often with contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, it is well known that tumour infiltration extends beyond the visible contrast enhancement. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is contrast enhancement not detected visually in the peritumoral oedema of malignant gliomas by using relaxometry with synthetic MRI. 25 patients who had brain tumours with a radiological appearance of malignant glioma were prospectively included. A quantitative MR-sequence measuring longitudinal relaxation (R-1), transverse relaxation (R-2) and proton density (PD), was added to the standard MRI protocol before surgery. Five patients were excluded, and in 20 patients, synthetic MR images were created from the quantitative scans. Manual regions of interest (ROIs) outlined the visibly contrast-enhancing border of the tumours and the peritumoral area. Contrast enhancement was quantified by subtraction of native images from post GD-images, creating an R-1-difference-map. The quantitative R-1-difference-maps showed significant contrast enhancement in the peritumoral area (0.047) compared to normal appearing white matter (0.032), p = 0.048. Relaxometry detects contrast enhancement in the peritumoral area of malignant gliomas. This could represent infiltrative tumour growth.
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| 38. |
- Blystad, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic MRI of the brain in a clinical setting
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : Sage Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 53:10, s. 1158-1163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has relatively long scan times for routine examinations, and the signal intensity of the images is related to the specific MR scanner settings. Due to scanner imperfections and automatic optimizations, it is impossible to compare images in terms of absolute image intensity. Synthetic MRI, a method to generate conventional images based on MR quantification, potentially both decreases examination time and enables quantitative measurements.PURPOSE:To evaluate synthetic MRI of the brain in a clinical setting by assessment of the contrast, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and the diagnostic quality compared with conventional MR images.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Twenty-two patients had synthetic imaging added to their clinical MR examination. In each patient, 12 regions of interest were placed in the brain images to measure contrast and CNR. Furthermore, general image quality, probable diagnosis, and lesion conspicuity were investigated.RESULTS:Synthetic T1-weighted turbo spin echo and T2-weighted turbo spin echo images had higher contrast but also a higher level of noise, resulting in a similar CNR compared with conventional images. Synthetic T2-weighted FLAIR images had lower contrast and a higher level of noise, which led to a lower CNR. Synthetic images were generally assessed to be of inferior image quality, but agreed with the clinical diagnosis to the same extent as the conventional images. Lesion conspicuity was higher in the synthetic T1-weighted images, which also had a better agreement with the clinical diagnoses than the conventional T1-weighted images.CONCLUSION:Synthetic MR can potentially shorten the MR examination time. Even though the image quality is perceived to be inferior, synthetic images agreed with the clinical diagnosis to the same extent as the conventional images in this study.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Bodén, Ida, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo skin measurements with a novel probe head for simultaneous skin impedance and near-infrared spectroscopy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Skin research and technology. - : Wiley. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 17:4, s. 494-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/purpose: Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and skin impedance (IMP) measurements are useful techniques for objective diagnostics of various skin diseases. Here, we present a combined probe head for simultaneous, time-saving NIR spectroscopy and skin impedance measurements. The probe also ensures that both measurements are performed under equal conditions and at the same skin location.Methods: Finite element method simulations were performed for evaluation of the impedance. In vivo skin measurements were performed and combined NIR and impedance spectra were analysed by means of multivariate methods with respect to body location, age and gender. The classification rate was determined by a planar discriminant analysis. Reproducibility was investigated by calculation of scatter values and statistical significance between overlapping groups was assessed by the calculation of intra-model distances, q.Results: The novel probe yielded rapid reproducible results and was easy to manage. Significant differences between skin locations and to a lesser extent age groups and gender were demonstrated.Conclusion: With the novel probe, statistically significant differences between overlapping classes in score plots can be confirmed by calculating intra-model distances. The influence of molecular differences in the skin at different body locations is larger than the influence of gender or age and therefore relevant reference measurements are discussed.
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| 42. |
- Bodén, Robert, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Suppressing visual hallucinations in an adolescent by occipital transcranial magnetic stimulation: A single-case experimental research design.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuropsychological rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-0694 .- 0960-2011. ; 33:2, s. 346-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visual hallucinations after central or peripheral impairment, commonly called Charles Bonnet syndrome, are often highly distressing and with few available treatment options. Here we report a case where an adolescent developed severely distressing visual hallucinations after hypoxic damage to the occipital cortex following a suicide attempt. The patient received active and sham occipital continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) in a single-case experimental research design and a subsequent open phase, to evaluate cTBS as a Charles Bonnet treatment. The visual hallucinations seemed to decrease more during active than sham cTBS in the blind phase, and in the following week of repeated five daily treatments they almost disappeared. A normalization of increased activity in the lateral visual network after cTBS was observed on a functional magnetic resonance imaging resting-state analysis compared with 42 healthy controls. Visual evoked potentials stayed largely unchanged both in the sham-controlled blind phase and the subsequent open phase. During the two weeks after the open phase with repeated cTBS sessions, the visual hallucinations gradually reappeared and almost returned to the baseline level. Our findings suggest that active cTBS over the primary visual cortex can reduce visual hallucinations through modulation of downstream visual regions, though the effect is temporally limited.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Borgh, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of phase separation in the (TI, ZR)C system
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials - 2012, Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, PowderMet 2012. - 9780985339722 ; , s. 81-810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hardness of cemented carbide (WC-Co) cutting tools can be improved by the addition of TiC or ZrC to the matrix. It is possible that an even better hardness can be obtained by utilizing phase separation of a mixed (Ti, Zr)C where the mixed (Ti, Zr)C phase is stable at high temperature, but decomposes to TiC and ZrC at lower temperatures. In the present work, the decomposition is experimentally and theoretically investigated. The mixed carbide is first formed by synthesis from oxide powders at 2200°C and aging treatments are conducted at 1380 and 1450°C. X-ray diffraction analysis show that the synthesized mixed (Ti, Zr)C will decompose to TiC and ZrC. The experimental work is supplemented by thermodynamic and first-principles calculations.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2019 : Resursöversikt
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fisken i havet är en resurs som rör sig fritt över nationella gränser. EU har därför en gemensam fiskeripolitik (GFP). Många arter som är viktiga för Sverige regleras inte i GFP och förvaltas därför nationellt.Denna rapport syftar till att:beskriva utvecklingen av fiskeripolitikenförklara den nuvarande politikens mål och regelverk och dess relation till mål och regler på miljöområdetförklara politikens nationella genomförande och det nationella handlingsutrymmetexemplifiera hur Havs- och vattenmyndigheten arbetat med att reglera fisket.
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| 50. |
- Carlsson, Henrik, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Combining the targeted and untargeted screening of environmental contaminants reveals associations between PFAS exposure and vitamin D metabolism in human plasma.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 25:6, s. 1116-1130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed, validated, and applied a method for the targeted and untargeted screening of environmental contaminants in human plasma using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The method was optimized for several classes of environmental contaminants, including PFASs, OH-PCBs, HBCDs, and bisphenols. One-hundred plasma samples from blood donors (19-75 years, men n = 50, women n = 50, from Uppsala, Sweden) were analyzed. Nineteen targeted compounds were detected across the samples, with 18 being PFASs and the 19th being OH-PCB (4-OH-PCB-187). Ten compounds were positively associated with age (in order of increasing p-values: PFNA, PFOS, PFDA, 4-OH-PCB-187, FOSA, PFUdA, L-PFHpS, PFTrDA, PFDoA, and PFHpA; p-values ranging from 2.5 × 10-5 to 4.67 × 10-2). Three compounds were associated with sex (in order of increasing p-values: L-PFHpS, PFOS, and PFNA; p-values ranging from 1.71 × 10-2 to 3.88 × 10-2), all with higher concentrations in male subjects compared with female subjects. Strong correlations (0.56-0.93) were observed between long-chain PFAS compounds (PFNA, PFOS, PFDA, PFUdA, PFDoA, and PFTrDA). In the non-targeted data analysis, fourteen unknown features correlating with known PFASs were found (correlation coefficients 0.48-0.99). Five endogenous compounds were identified from these features, all correlating strongly with PFHxS (correlation coefficients 0.59-0.71). Three of the identified compounds were vitamin D3 metabolites, and two were diglyceride lipids (DG 24:6;O). The results demonstrate the potential of combining targeted and untargeted approaches to increase the coverage of compounds detected with a single method. This methodology is well suited for exposomics to detect previously unknown associations between environmental contaminants and endogenous compounds that may be important for human health.
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