| 1. |
- Gyan, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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Low-temperature nanoscale heat transport in a gadolinium iron garnet heterostructure probed by ultrafast x-ray diffraction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Structural Dynamics-Us. - : AIP Publishing. - 2329-7778. ; 9:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved x-ray diffraction has been used to measure the low-temperature thermal transport properties of a Pt/Gd3Fe5O12//Gd3Ga5O12 metal/oxide heterostructure relevant to applications in spin caloritronics. A pulsed femtosecond optical signal produces a rapid temperature rise in the Pt layer, followed by heat transport into the Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG) thin film and the Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) substrate. The time dependence of x-ray diffraction from the GdIG layer was tracked using an accelerator-based femtosecond x-ray source. The ultrafast diffraction measurements probed the intensity of the GdIG (1 -1 2) x-ray reflection in a grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction geometry. The comparison of the variation of the diffracted x-ray intensity with a model including heat transport and the temperature dependence of the GdIG lattice parameter allows the thermal conductance of the Pt/GdIG and GdIG//GGG interfaces to be determined. Complementary synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies of the low-temperature thermal expansion properties of the GdIG layer provide a precise calibration of the temperature dependence of the GdIG lattice parameter. The interfacial thermal conductance of the Pt/GdIG and GdIG//GGG interfaces determined from the time-resolved diffraction study is of the same order of magnitude as previous reports for metal/oxide and epitaxial dielectric interfaces. The thermal parameters of the Pt/GdIG//GGG heterostructure will aid in the design and implementation of thermal transport devices and nanostructures. (C) 2022 Author(s).
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Lars Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Vitrectomy for retained lens fragments in the vitreous after phacoemulsification.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. - 1873-4502. ; 28:6, s. 1007-1011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To assess the visual results, retinal detachment (RD) rate, incidence of glaucoma, and intraocular lens (IOL) placement after vitrectomy for removal of retained lens fragments in the vitreous after phacoemulsification. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Lund, Lund, Sweden. METHODS: This retrospective noncomparative interventional case series included all cases of pars plana vitrectomy for removal of retained lens fragments from January 1997 through January 2000. RESULTS: Sixty-six eyes of 65 patients had pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the lens material over the 3-year period. Visual acuity on presentation was 0.1 or worse in 36 eyes (54%). Visual acuity after vitrectomy was 0.5 or better in 35 eyes (53%). The postoperative visual acuity was worse than 0.1 in 14 eyes (21%). Twenty-seven (56%) of the 48 eyes operated on within 1 week and 8 (44%) of the 18 eyes operated on later achieved a visual acuity of 0.5 or better. Twelve eyes (80%) that had secondary posterior chamber IOL implantation achieved an acuity of 0.5 or better. An RD occurred in 7 eyes (11%). CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes between those having vitrectomy the first few days after cataract surgery and those having it later, although there was a trend toward better results when the vitrectomy was done sooner. Secondary IOL implantation resulted in a good visual outcome. Retinal detachment was the most severe complication.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Norrhall, Maria Fässberg, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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A feasible lifestyle program for early intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a pilot study in primary care.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-1534. ; 18:4, s. 306-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of a lifestyle program for early intervention in patients with COPD in a primary care population. METHODS: The study was performed in a Primary Health Care Centre in Western Sweden. During a four-week period, all smokers between 40-70 years of age were invited to answer a questionnaire and to perform spirometry. The intervention program included a specially designed smoking cessation program and programs for physical activity and diet. RESULTS: 84 smokers were included. 42% fulfilled the criteria for COPD. All of the COPD patients were in GOLD stage I and II. Among the COPD subjects, 38% were underweight and 56% had a low fat-free mass - both together indicating malnutrition and the need for nutritional treatment. By the end of the intervention program, 47% of the COPD patients had stopped smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention program was feasible and effective with a very high smoking cessation rate.
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| 5. |
- Svanberg, Sune, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of terawatt lasers
- 1994
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Ingår i: LASER SPECTROSCOPY - XITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 1563962624 ; :290, s. 264-269
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Thorn, Jörgen, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in primary care: a questionnaire survey in western Sweden.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-4418. ; 17:1, s. 26-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To assess the primary care management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in relation to COPD guidelines. METHOD: A postal questionnaire was sent out to all Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs) in western Sweden (n=232). The response rate was 75%. RESULTS: A majority of the PHCCs had a nurse and physician responsible for COPD care. They used spirometry equipment regularly, but only 50% reported that they calibrated it at least weekly. Less than 30% of the PHCCs reported access to a dietician, occupational therapist or physiotherapist. There was a structured smoking cessation program in 50% of the PHCCs. Larger PHCCs were more likely to use spirometry equipment regularly and to have specific personnel for COPD care. CONCLUSION: There is a need to establish structured programs for COPD care including smoking cessation programs for COPD patients with special trained staff. Larger PHCCs have a better infrastructure for providing guideline-defined COPD care.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Adolfsson, Göran, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Direct observation of lateral carrier diffusion in ridge waveguide InGaNAs lasers
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 21:134, s. 134-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results from measurements of the subthreshold lateral spontaneous emission profile in 1.3-mu m wavelength ridge waveguide InGaNAs quantum-well lasers using a scanning near-field optical microscopy technique. The measurements reveal the presence of significant lateral carrier diffusion which has a profound effect on the temperature dependence of the threshold current. This effect is frequently omitted when the characteristic temperature of the threshold current is considered.
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| 10. |
- Adolfsson, Göran, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Lateral Diffusion on the Temperature Sensitivity of the Threshold Current for 1.3 um Double Quantum-Well GaInNAs/GaAs Lasers
- 2008
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. ; 44:7, s. 607-616
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an experimental and theoretical investigationof the temperature dependence of the threshold current fordouble quantum well GaInNAs–GaAs lasers in the temperaturerange 10 C–110 C. Pulsed measurements of the threshold current have been performed on broad and narrow ridge wave guide(RWG) lasers. The narrow RWG lasers exhibit high characteristic temperatures (T0)of 200 K up to a critical temperature (Tc), above which T0 is reduced by approximately a factor of 2. The T0-values for broad RWG lasers are significantly lower than those for the narrow RWG lasers, with characteristic temperatures on the order of 100 (60) K below (above). Numerical simulations, using a model that accounts for lateral diffusion effects, show good agreement with experimental data and reveal that a weakly temperature dependent lateral diffusion current dominates thethreshold current for narrow RWG lasers.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Adolfsson, Göran, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Realization of spectrally engineered semiconductor Fabry-Perot lasers with narrow geometrical tolerances
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 109:9, s. 093112-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spectrally engineered semiconductor Fabry-Perot laser resonators are designed to enhance the optical feedback for selected longitudinal modes, which thereby require less gain for lasing. This is achieved by introducing refractive index perturbations along the length of the resonator. However,the physical realization of these resonators is a challenge because of very narrow tolerances; in particular the need for precise positioning of the end facets of the resonator in relation to the perturbations, and the excess propagation loss associated with the perturbations, has been a majorconcern. We report on a method to achieve high-quality end facet mirrors enabling precise positioning relative to the perturbations, the latter which are realized as lateral corrugations of the waveguide. Measurements show that the mirror quality is comparable to that of cleaved mirrorsand that the additional loss introduced by the perturbations adds
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| 13. |
- Adolfsson, Göran, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Spectral engineering of semiconductor Fabry–Perot laser cavities in the weakly and strongly perturbed regimes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics. - 1520-8540 .- 0740-3224. ; 27:1, s. 118-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By inserting index perturbations at certain positions along a semiconductor Fabry–Perot laser cavity thethreshold gain for one or several of the longitudinal cavity modes can be selectively lowered to facilitate, e.g.,single-mode or two-color operation. Previous design methods were limited to a fairly small number of perturbations,leading to only weakly perturbed cavities and thus a limited freedom in tailoring the spectral propertiesof the laser. In our approach we fully account for all multiple-reflection events and use a search spacethat permits any distribution of the locations and lengths of the perturbations. We are therefore able to designcavities with almost arbitrary spectral properties with very low threshold gain values for, e.g., the lasingmodes of a two-color cavity. Constraining the design by reducing the geometrical freedom, which can be used toincrease the smallest feature size to simplify fabrication, we seamlessly approach the weakly perturbed regimewhile maintaining much of the freedom for spectral engineering.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ahmadi, Nasser, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and its association with self-rated health and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide: a cross-sectional study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Esc Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 2055-5822. ; 3:3, s. 205-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity, hypertension, and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) predict left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function (DD-PSF). Self-rated health (SRH) is shown to be associated with chronic diseases, but the association of SRH with DD-PSF is unclear. In light of the clinical implications of DD-PSF, the following goals are of considerable importance: (1) to determine the role of SRH in patients with DD-PSF in the general population and (2) to study the association between Nt-proBNP and DD-PSF. Methods and results The current study is a cross-sectional study conducted on a random sampling of a rural population. Individuals 30-75 years of age were consecutively subjected to conventional echocardiography and tissue velocity imaging. Data were collected on 500 (48%) men and 538 (52%) women (n = 1038). DD-PSF was the main outcome, and SRH and Nt-proBNP were the primary indicators. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity were accounted for as major confounders of the association with SRH. DD-PSF was identified in 137 individuals, namely, 79 men (15.8%) and 58 women (10.8%). In a multivariate regression model, SRH (OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.02-8.57) and Nt-proBNP (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 OR 4.23; 95% CI 1.74-10.26) were both independently associated with DD-PSF. Conclusions SRH, evaluated based on a descriptive question on general health, should be included in the diagnostic process of DD-PSF. In agreement with previous studies, our study confirms that Nt-proBNP is a major indicator of DD-PSF.
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| 16. |
- Allaf Navirian, Hengameh, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustically driven ferroelastic domain switching observed by time-resolved x-ray diffraction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 81:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Domain polarization switching in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4, KDP) induced by a propagating strain wave has been observed with time-resolved x-ray diffraction. A pulsed electric field with amplitude of 6 kV/cm and duration of 1 mu s was applied along the crystallographic c axis. The field-induced strain waves emanating from the sample surfaces are the result of the converse piezoelectric effect. In the center of the probed surface two waves interfered constructively inducing ferroelastic domain switching, in the absence of an external electric field, at a delay of 3 mu s, corresponding to acoustic propagation at a velocity found to be 1500 m/s.
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| 17. |
- Allaf Navirian, Hengameh, et al.
(författare)
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Repetitive ultrafast melting of InSb as an x-ray timing diagnostic
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Reviews. - : AIP Publishing. - 1931-9401. ; 103:10, s. 6-103510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have demonstrated the possibility of using repetitive ultrafast melting of InSb as a timing diagnostic in connection with visible-light pump/x-ray probe measurements at high-repetition-rate x-ray facilities. Although the sample was molten and regrown approximately 1x10(6) times, a distinct reduction in time-resolved x-ray reflectivity could be observed using a streak camera with a time resolution of 2.5 ps. The time-resolved x-ray reflectivity displayed this distinct decrease despite the fact that the average reflectivity of the sample had fallen to approximately 50% of its original value due to accumulated damage from the prolonged laser exposure. The topography of the laser-exposed sample was mapped using an optical microscope, a stylus profilometer, photoelectron microscopy, and a scanning tunneling microscope. Although the surface of the sample is not flat following prolonged exposure at laser fluences above 15 mJ/cm(2), the atomic scale structure regrows, and thus, regenerates the sample on a nanosecond timescale. In the fluence range between 15 and 25 mJ/cm(2), the laser power is sufficient to melt the sample, while regrowth occurs with a sufficiently good structure to allow the extraction of timing information via ultrafast time-resolved x-ray measurements. This can be applied for timing purposes at synchrotron radiation and x-ray free-electron laser facilities. It is also noteworthy that we were able to reproduce the fluence dependencies of melting depth and disordering time previously obtained in single-shot, nonthermal melting experiments with higher temporal resolution.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, David, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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DN Debatt: LRF och Svenskt flyg svarar inte om klimatmålen
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sammantaget ser vi inget i motdebattörernas argument som talar emot att införa styrmedel, till exempel konsumtionsskatter, inom dessa områden där inga stora tekniska lösningar finns i sikte, skriver 14 miljö- och energiforskare i slutrepliken till sin text om flyg- och köttskatt (26/2).
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| 19. |
- Andersson, David, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Greenhouse gas emissions and subjective well-being: An analysis of Swedish households
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009. ; 102, s. 75-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the contemporary discussion on society's transformation towards long-termclimate targets, it is often implicitly assumed that behavioral changes, unlike technological changes, would lead to reductions in human wellbeing.However, this assumption has been questioned by researchers, who instead argue that people may live better lives by consuming less and reduce their environmental impact in the process. In this study we explore the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and subjective well-being, using a sample of 1000 Swedish respondents.Our results show that there is no strong link between an individual's emissions and subjectivewellbeing. We also analyze the relationship between specific emission-intensive activities and subjective well-being and find thatnone of the activities examined correlates with subjective well-being. Finally, we explore a hypothesis put forward in the literature, suggesting that a poor work-life balance, long commuting distances, and materialistic values may decrease individuals' subjective well-being and increase greenhouse gas emissions. Our results indicate that materialistic values do correlate with lower levels of well-being and to some extent also with highergreenhouse gas emissions.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, David, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Nu krävs kraftfulla åtgärder mot nötkött och flygresor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; 2015-02-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Svenskarnas globala utsläpp från köttkonsumtion och flygresor motsvarar hälften av de totala utsläppen på hemmaplan. I vår rapport till Naturvårdsverket föreslår vi tydliga styrmedel – som nya skatter – för att begränsa konsumtionen på dessa områden, skriver 14 miljö- och energiforskare.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Analys av polisens alkoholutandningsprov i fem län åren 2001-2003
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The extent and results of the police breathalyser tests in Stockholm, Västerbotten, Östergötland, Skåne and Västra Götaland Counties over the period 2001-2003 have been analysed. The primary aim is to uncover and describe shortcomings in existing data, not to estimate the extent of drink driving. The analysis has been made with reference to the codes applied by the police to describe the type of control at which the test was made. These codes are - 0) Police initiated driver control - 1) "Random" control (not random in the strict statistical sense) - 2) Control because of a road traffic accident - 3) Targeted control (e.g. at strategically selected points such as shops selling alcoholic drinks) - 4) Other codes - It is mainly the breathalyser tests coded by the police as 0, 1 and 3 that are examined in the analysis. The other codes appear very rarely in the controls made.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic speed cameras in Sweden 2002-2003
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the end of 2003, camera boxes were used to enforce speed for 30 sections of road. The total road distance was about 500 km, and the number of camera cabinets was 225. The system consists of fixed pole and cabinets installed at the side of the road. All sections where speed enforcement is undertaken are clearly signed with information about the speed cameras. Speed camera enforcement has resulted in a total of 4,801 photographed vehicles in 2002 and 9,402 vehicles in 2003. Motorcycles and emergency vehicles that make up about 2% of the traffic are not included. The number of approved photos was 2,565 during 2002 and 6,073 during 2003. The proportion of approved photos and contacts with the vehicle drivers has thus increased from 53% to 65%. Nearly the entire decrease in unsatisfactory photos can be attributed to technical defects.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- André, Erik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance of Low-Carbon School Meals with and without Information—A Controlled Intervention Study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Policy. - 0168-7034 .- 1573-0700. ; 47:1, s. 109-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This controlled intervention study focused on optimizing a school lunch menu to achieve a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The objective was to evaluate the impact of introducing a low-carbon menu on pupils’ acceptance of school meals, as well as to assess whether providing information about the menu change independently influenced pupils’ acceptance. The study was conducted across six compulsory schools in a Swedish municipality, divided into three groups: schools implementing a menu change only (Menu), schools implementing a menu change with clear information provided to pupils (Menu + Info), and control schools serving the standard menu (Control). During a seven-week baseline period, all schools served the standard menu. Subsequently, for seven weeks, Menu and Menu + Info schools transitioned to a low-carbon menu achieved through the utilization of low-carbon recipes—reducing the proportion of food items with significant climate footprints while maintaining the recommended nutritional standards. In Menu + Info schools, pupils were presented with an informative video about the menu change during class. The acceptance of the low-carbon menu was evaluated through daily measurements of food consumption, plate waste, and meal satisfaction surveys. The study’s findings revealed that neither the menu change nor the information significantly affected the pupils’ acceptance of the new menu. These results align with prior studies, reinforcing the viability of employing low-carbon recipes to reduce the climate footprint of school meals. Moreover, this study demonstrates that providing supplemental information for transparency or educational purposes can be implemented without adversely affecting menu acceptance.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Försök med frästa räfflor för att öka trafiksäkerheten : – förstudie avseende motorväg och 2+1-väg
- 2001
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det finns all anledning att förvänta sig att frästa räfflor på vägrenen på E4söderom Jönköping har en positiv effekt när det gäller att minska antalet olyckorochskadade.Analyser av olyckor som inträffat på den 7 mil långa motorvägssträckan underjanuari 1998 till och med december 1999 (dvs. före det att räfflor frästes)visar attvägsträckan i stort sett har samma antal olyckor som en normalmotorvägssträcka.Däremot är antal skadade, liksom antal svårt skadade eller dödade fler än påengenomsnittlig motorväg. Mönstret är likartat även om man väljer att baraanalysera singelolyckor eller singelolyckor med avkörning till höger(”AHS”-olyckor).Befintliga olycksrapporter och trafikmålsanteckningar har studerats och detvisar sig att för ca 50% av AHS-olyckorna och även för ca 50% av de skadade iAHS-olyckorna bedöms räfflad vägren ha kunnat bidra med en positiv effekt.Detta är resultat som väl stämmer överens med amerikanska erfarenheter.Sett över samtliga inträffade singelolyckor och däri skadade personer bedömsräfflad vägren ha kunnat påverka ca 25% av fallen positivt. Eftersomsingelolyckorsvarar för en stor del av olyckorna på motorväg innebär detta att ca15-20% av alla olyckor och skadade skulle ha kunnat påverkas positivt avåtgärden.Nollvisionsslingan (Rv44) med 2+1, mitträcke och frästa räfflorStudier av antal olyckor på vägar av typ 2+1 med mitträcke visar att det skerflerolyckor på denna typ av vägar jämfört med före ombyggnad. En stor del avolyckorna är räckespåkörningar. För att minska antalet räckespåkörningar harettförsök gjorts som innebär att räfflor har frästs på ca. 0,75–1 m avstånd påömsesidor om mitträcket. Detta för att uppmärksamma förare på närheten tillräcket.En analys av de olyckor som inträffat på vägsträckan under 1991 till och med1999 (dvs. under en period före det att vägen byggdes om till en 2+1-väg medräcke och räfflor) visar att det faktiska antalet polisrapporterade olyckorliksomtotala antalet skadade var mindre än på en normal motsvarande väg. Antaletsvårtskadade eller dödade var däremot nära nog exakt som förväntat. Detsammagälleräven antalet dödade.En genomgång av olycksrapporter och trafikmålsanteckningar för samtligaolyckor 1991-–1999 visar att i 16 stycken (26%) av olyckorna har ett fordonkommit över på fel sida av vägen. Av dessa var 7 singelolyckor, 6mötesolyckor,2 omkörningsolyckor och 1 fotgängarolycka.Om antalet mitträckespåkörningar blir lika många som vid tidigare studier avmotsvarande vägar utan räfflor, så innebär detta drygt 30mitträckespåkörningarpå sträckan under ett år. Därmed finns det all anledning att förvänta sigpositivaeffekter av räfflorna i form av minskat antal mitträckespåkörningar.
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| 29. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Skolskjutsbarns inblandning i olyckor 1994-2001
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sammanlagt har polisen rapporterat 256 olyckor med totalt 361 skadade eller dödade barn i samband med förmodade skolskjutsresor under åren 1994–2001. Majoriteten av barnen har drabbats när de befunnit sig utanför bussen. Den vanligaste händelsen vid olyckorna är att barnen har sprungit ut bakom eller framför bussen (51 %).Ytterligare 13 procent av olyckorna har inträffat då barn har klämts eller blivit påkörda av bussen vid hållplatsen. En majoritet av olyckorna i vilka barn har skadats har således inträffat i samband med på- och avstigning.Föreliggande rapport baseras på en studie med syfte att skapa en samlad bild av orsaken till att barn skadas och dödas vid resor med skolskjuts. I befintliga olycksregister finns tyvärr ingen notering om en skolskjuts varit inblandad i inträffad olycka. Analysen har därför skett i tre steg.1. Alla personskadeolyckor med barn i åldern 0–18.2. Alla personskadeolyckor med barn 6–16 år, skoldagar klockan 600–1659 i vilka buss, taxi eller gående varit inblandade.3. Personskadeolyckor i steg 2 som bedömts vara anknutna till skolskjuts (eller skolresa med vanlig linjetrafik).
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| 30. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Trötthet i fokus
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande studie har finansierats av Vägverket. Syftet med studien har varit dels att öka kun-skapen om var trötthetsolyckorna inträffar, dels att formulera hypoteser om vad som påverkar en förare att utveckla trötthet. Fokus har legat på hypoteser om vilken information förare behöver för att:"känna igen" och uppmärksamma trötthetskänslanavstå från att köra när man blir tröttöka förståelsen av faran i att köra när man är tröttArbetet baseras på dels en analys av polisrapporterade olyckor, dels ett arbete med diskussioner i fokusgrupp. Sammanlagt har tre diskussioner genomförts, en med långpendlare, en med unga förare och en med yrkesförare. Arbetet har mynnat ut i ett frågeformulär, med vars hjälp erhållna hypoteser avses att kunna testas för att avgöra om resultaten är generaliserbara. Inom ramen för projektet har frågeformuläret testats på såväl olycksdrabbade förare som på ett slumpmässigt urval av fordonsägare ur fordonsregistret.
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| 31. |
- Arafin, S., et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive analysis of electrically-pumped GaSb-based VCSELs
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 19:18, s. 17267-17282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses several performance-related aspects of electrically-pumped GaSb-based buried tunnel junction VCSELs with an emission wavelength of 2.6 mu m based on theoretical and experimental results. These results allow a deeper insight into the internal device physics, such as radial diffusion of carriers, maximum continuous-wave operating temperature, diffraction loss, internal temperature, gain and loss parameters, internal quantum efficiency of the active region etc. These parameters can be taken into account while designing mid-infrared lasers which leads to an improved device performance. A simple thermal model of the devices based on the two-dimensional (2-D) finite element method using the material data from the literature is also presented. In addition, an application-based result utilizing these lasers for the measurement of absolute water vapor concentration by wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) method are also described, hinting that devices are well-suited for the targeted sensing applications.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Asghar, Mohammad Sohail, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary Hyperalgesia Phenotypes Exhibit Differences in Brain Activation during Noxious Stimulation.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noxious stimulation of the skin with either chemical, electrical or heat stimuli leads to the development of primary hyperalgesia at the site of injury, and to secondary hyperalgesia in normal skin surrounding the injury. Secondary hyperalgesia is inducible in most individuals and is attributed to central neuronal sensitization. Some individuals develop large areas of secondary hyperalgesia (high-sensitization responders), while others develop small areas (low-sensitization responders). The magnitude of each area is reproducible within individuals, and can be regarded as a phenotypic characteristic. To study differences in the propensity to develop central sensitization we examined differences in brain activity and anatomy according to individual phenotypical expression of secondary hyperalgesia by magnetic resonance imaging. Forty healthy volunteers received a first-degree burn-injury (47°C, 7 min, 9 cm2) on the non-dominant lower-leg. Areas of secondary hyperalgesia were assessed 100 min after the injury. We measured neuronal activation by recording blood-oxygen-level-dependent-signals (BOLD-signals) during mechanical noxious stimulation before burn injury and in both primary and secondary hyperalgesia areas after burn-injury. In addition, T1-weighted images were used to measure differences in gray-matter density in cortical and subcortical regions of the brain. We found significant differences in neuronal activity between high- and low-sensitization responders at baseline (before application of the burn-injury) (p < 0.05). After the burn-injury, we found significant differences between responders during noxious stimulation of both primary (p < 0.01) and secondary hyperalgesia (p ≤ 0.04) skin areas. A decreased volume of the right (p = 0.001) and left caudate nucleus (p = 0.01) was detected in high-sensitization responders in comparison to low-sensitization responders. These findings suggest that brain-structure and neuronal activation to noxious stimulation differs according to secondary hyperalgesia phenotype. This indicates differences in central sensitization according to phenotype, which may have predictive value on the susceptibility to development of high-intensity acute and persistent pain.
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| 34. |
- Bengtsson, G. J, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of Radiative Lifetimes In Neutral Arsenic Using Time-resolved Laser Spectroscopy In the Vuv Region
- 1992
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - 0004-6361. ; 263:1-2, s. 440-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inspired by the recent Hubble Space Telescope first observations of arsenic in an astrophysical object we have determined the natural radiative lifetime of the upper states of two of the three resonance lines of As I. Short pulse laser excitation at 193.7 and 197.2 nm was achieved using different non-linear optical mixing schemes. Using time-resolved spectroscopy we obtain tau(4p(2)5s P-4(3/2))=4.3(5) ns and T(4p(2)5s P-4(1/2)=4.5(5)ns yielding the absorption oscillator strengths f(abs)(193.7 nm) =0.123 (17) and f(abs)(1 97.2 nm)=0.059(8).
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| 35. |
- Bengtsson, G. J, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of Radiative Lifetimes In Neutral Nitrogen Using Short Laser-pulses From A Distributed Feedback Dye-laser
- 1991
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters. - 0178-7683. ; 22:1, s. 397-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiative lifetimes were determined for two short-lived states in neutral nitrogen. Following photodissociation and two-photon excitation employing the same UV source, excitation to higher states was performed with a distributed feedback dye laser (DFDL). The lifetimes were found to be tau(2p2 4d4D7/2) = 17(3) ns and tau(2p2 5s4P5/2) = 22(3) ns.
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| 36. |
- Bengtsson, G. J, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Lifetimes of Excited-states of Neutral Nitrogen Determined By Time-resolved Laser Spectroscopy
- 1992
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Ingår i: Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics). - 1050-2947. ; 45:5, s. 2712-2715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiative lifetimes were determined for three quartet states of neutral nitrogen, and sequences of Rydberg states were studied using depletion spectroscopy. Free nitrogen atoms were generated by photodissociation of N2O using frequency-tripled dye-laser radiation that was two-photon resonant with the 2p(2)3p 4S or 4D states. Further quartet states were reached by a subsequent single-photon absorption. We obtain tau(2p(2)3p 4D7/2) = 44(2) ns, tau(2p(2)3p 4S3/2) = 26.0(1.5) ns, and tau(2p(2)6s4P5/2) = 41(7) ns.
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| 37. |
- Bengtsson, G. J, et al.
(författare)
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Oscillator-strengths For Resonance Transitions In Neutral Selenium and Tellurium Derived From Time-resolved Laser Spectroscopy
- 1992
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters. - 0178-7683. ; 23:1, s. 29-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have measured radiative lifetimes for selenium and tellurium resonance levels by using short pulse laser excitation in differentially heated resonance cells. We obtained tau(3S1 Se I) = 2.9(5) ns and tau(3S1 Te I) = 3.1(5) ns, which together with branching ratio values given by Ubelis and Berzinsh yield the absorption oscillator strength f(abs)(Se I, 196.0 nm) = 0.074(16) and f(abs)(Te I, 214.3 nm) = 0.098(17).
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| 38. |
- Bengtsson, G. J, et al.
(författare)
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Radiative-lifetime and Lande-factor Measurements of the Se-i 4p(3)5s (5)s(2) Level Using Pulsed Laser Spectroscopy
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal de Physique II. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4312 .- 1286-4870. ; 2:4, s. 773-779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- First laser spectroscopic investigations on atomic selenium are reported. Natural selenium was thermally dissociated in a quartz resonance cell keeping the background pressure of abundant selenium molecules low by differential heating. The 4p35s5S2 level was excited by frequency-tripled pulsed-dye laser radiation at 207 nm. From time-resolved recordings of the fluorescence decay at 216 nm a natural radiative lifetime of 493(15) ns was determined, while quantum-beat and optical double-resonance measurements in an external magnetic field yielded g(J) = 2.0004(10) for the Lande factor. The results are compared with previous theoretical and experimental data.
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| 39. |
- Bengtsson, G. J, et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved Spectroscopic Studies of the 7p 2p States of Neutral Silver Following Vuv Excitation
- 1991
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters. - 0178-7683. ; 22:1, s. 437-439
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The radiative lifetimes of the 7 p2P3/2, 1/2 states of silver and the hyperfine structure of the 7 p2P3/2 state have been measured using pulsed laser excitation and direct observation of the induced fluorescence light decay. In order to excite this doublet, VUV radiation at 185 nm was applied, as generated by frequency tripling and anti-Stokes Raman shifting of the output of a Nd: YAG laser pumped dye laser. The lifetimes were found to be tau = 255(20) ns and tau = 285(25) ns for the J = 3/2 state and J = 1/2 state, respectively. The hyperfine structure of the 7 p2P3/2 state was measured by the quantum beat method. The magnetic dipole interaction constant for the Ag-107 isotope was found to be a = - 4.5(2) MHZ.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Bergwik, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Binding of the human antioxidation protein α1-microglobulin (A1M) to heparin and heparan sulfate. Mapping of binding site, molecular and functional characterization, and co-localization in vivo and in vitro
- 2021
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Ingår i: Redox Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-2317. ; 41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear sulfated disaccharide polymers. Heparin is found mainly in mast cells, while heparan sulfate is found in connective tissue, extracellular matrix and on cell membranes in most tissues. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a ubiquitous protein with thiol-dependent antioxidant properties, protecting cells and matrix against oxidative damage due to its reductase activities and radical- and heme-binding properties. In this work, it was shown that A1M binds to heparin and HS and can be purified from human plasma by heparin affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The binding strength is inversely dependent of salt concentration and proportional to the degree of sulfation of heparin and HS. Potential heparin binding sites, located on the outside of the barrel-shaped A1M molecule, were determined using hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Immunostaining of endothelial cells revealed pericellular co-localization of A1M and HS and the staining of A1M was almost completely abolished after treatment with heparinase. A1M and HS were also found to be co-localized in vivo in the lungs, aorta, kidneys and skin of mice. The redox-active thiol group of A1M was unaffected by the binding to HS, and the cell protection and heme-binding abilities of A1M were slightly affected. The discovery of the binding of A1M to heparin and HS provides new insights into the biological role of A1M and represents the basis for a novel method for purification of A1M from plasma.
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| 44. |
-
Bilder av funktionshinder och långtidssjukdomar
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok innehåller berättelser om olika funktionshinder och långtidssjukdomar som analyseras ur olika teoretiska perspektiv och med olika förklaringsmodeller. Dess 18 kapitel är skrivna av ett femtiotal författare som alla är studenter och blivande socionomer.
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| 45. |
- Bjerke, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Machinability improvement by in-operando Tool Protection Layers through designed steel alloying : The case of manganese steel
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - 0924-0136. ; 330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improvements in machinability by alloying of the workpiece often adversely impact the end user properties of a material. For example, the common use of non-metallic inclusions can lead to improved tool life during turning or milling, but often adversely affects weldability, corrosion, and wear resistance. A cutting tool material meets kilometers of workpiece material during a machining operation. Hence elements in small quantities in the workpiece may insignificantly affect the end user properties but may have large effects on tool wear. One such effect is the formation of refractory and wear resistant reaction products between the workpiece and tool. Such reaction products forming on tool surfaces may lead to improved machinability. This paper proposes the use of small amounts of alloying to induce such a Tool Protection Layer. Additionally, the paper develops a computational framework for designed alloying which balances formation of Tool Protection Layers, its in-process retention, and the functional properties of the alloy. The method has been validated for a case of manganese steel. The calculations were validated first by a wide range of diffusion experiments. Then by industrial turning of cast alloys, by comparing one reference and two newly designed alloys based on the alloying concept. The alloy with 0.003 mol fractions of Al resulted in more than 3 times increase in tool life, due to in-operando formation of Al2O3 Tool Protection Layer. The designed manganese steel maintained its functional properties with respect to abrasive wear resistance and retained its ability to work harden.
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| 46. |
- Bjerre, Mette, et al.
(författare)
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Serum osteoprotegerin as a long-term predictor for patients with stable coronary artery disease and its association with diabetes and statin treatment : A CLARICOR trial 10-year follow-up substudy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 301, s. 8-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Elevated circulating levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) are known to add to the prediction of cardiovascular mortality. Our objective was to clarify the long-term risk associated with serum OPG and the possible influence of diabetes and statins on OPG levels in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).METHODS: We assessed the placebo-treated group (n = 1998) from the CLARICOR trial (NCT00121550), a cohort with stable CAD. At entry, 15% of the participants had diabetes and 41% received statins. Serum OPG levels were measured in blood drawn at randomization. Participants were followed through public registers for 10 years.RESULTS: OPG levels correlated positively with diabetes status, age, CRP and female sex, but negatively with the use of statins. CAD participants with diabetes had significantly elevated serum OPG levels compared to participants without diabetes, p < 0.0001. The participants without diabetes treated with statins presented with significantly lower serum OPG levels than the corresponding non-statin-users (p < 0.0001). However, statin use showed no association with OPG levels in the participants with diabetes. High OPG levels at entry showed long-term associations with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events (hazard ratio associated with factor 10 OPG increase 15.9 (95% CI 11.0-22.9) and 6.38 (4.60-8.90), p = 0.0001, even after adjustment for standard predictors (3.16 (1.90-5.25) and 2.29 (1.53-3.44), p < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Circulating OPG holds long-term independent predictive ability for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in CAD participants. OPG levels were associated with diabetes, age, and female sex and statin treatment was associated with lower OPG levels in the absence of diabetes.
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| 47. |
- Björk, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Choosing to Work Part-Time – Combinations of Motives and the Role of Preferences and Constraints.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 2002-2867. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to contribute to the understanding of motives for part-time work and discuss the role of preferences and constraints by studying combinations of motives for part-time work in a case where the scope for preferences is great. The data was derived from a survey of full-time employees in a Swedish municipality who have opted to work part-time with lower salary. Eight groups of part-time workers with different combinations of motives were identified using cluster analysis. Although formally all of these employees were voluntarily working part-time, to a greater or lesser extent the preference for part-time can be understood as an accommodation to constraints for all of the eight clusters. Even though the motives were complex, for many, part-time work was a strategy to cope with a high workload in relation to their own health and capacity.
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| 48. |
- Björk, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Choosing to Work Part-Time – Combinations of Motives and the Role of Preferences and Constraints
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 2002-2867. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to contribute to the understanding of motives for part-time work and discuss the role of preferences and constraints by studying combinations of motives for part-time work in a case where the scope for preferences is great. The data was derived from a survey of full-time employees in a Swedish municipality who have opted to work part-time with lower salary. Eight groups of part-time workers with different combinations of motives were identified using cluster analysis. Although formally all of these employees were voluntarily working part-time, to a greater or lesser extent the preference for part-time can be understood as an accommodation to constraints for all of the eight clusters. Even though the motives were complex, for many, part-time work was a strategy to cope with a high workload in relation to their own health and capacity.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Blomberg, Anders, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing the barnacle Balanus improvisus as a potent invertebrate monitoring system in marine ecotoxicogenomics
- 2009
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Ingår i: SETAC Europe 19th Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Göteborg 31 May - 4 June, 2009.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need for potent invertebrate systems for assessing the impacts of environmental contaminants on marine ecosystems. Balanus improvisus, a marine athropod, has a number of promising characteristics that make it a good candidate in such efforts. We have conducted sequencing of a cDNA library from the cyprid larval stage and identified several detoxification systems as well as novel B. improvisus specific genes. To investigate the toxicological gene expression response in this organism, we performed a short-term exposure experiment of the cyprid larvae to two different biofouling substances. From a natural population of B. improvisus, 300 - 1000 cyprids were treated for 23 hours with 390nM CuO or with two different concentrations (10nM or 10μM) of meditomidine. Protein expression changes were studied by 2D-PAGE analysis after DIGE labelling. For gene expression analysis by DNA miroarrays total RNA was extracted and used for cDNA and cRNA/aRNA templates. Roughly 2000 B. improvisus genes were studied represented by 3000 different probes on the arrays (each in duplicates). Candidate genes were confirmed by qPCR. A number of protein expression changes were detected on the 2D gels as a result of the different treatments. Interestingly, the response to the different treatments clearly formed distinct groups in principle component analysis. The DNA microarray analysis revealed several genes as toxicity indicators, e.g. various heat shock proteins, some proteases and factors involved in regulatory processes (transcription factors). Our data indicate that B. improvisus may serve as a tool to evaluate the impacts of marine pollution, and thus to fill the niche as an important invertebrate marine model organism for ecotoxicology and environmental genomics.
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