| 1. |
- Svanberg, Emilie Krite, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in pulmonary oxygen content are detectable with laser absorption spectroscopy : proof of concept in newborn piglets
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 89:4, s. 823-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Using an optical method based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, we previously assessed oxygen (O2) and water vapor (H2O) content in a tissue phantom of the preterm infant lung. Here we applied this method on newborn piglets with induced lung complications. Methods: Five mechanically ventilated piglets were subjected to stepwise increased and decreased fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), to atelectasis using a balloon catheter in the right bronchus, and to pneumothorax by injecting air in the pleural cavity. Two diode lasers (764 nm for O2 gas absorption and 820 nm for H2O absorption) were combined in a probe delivering light either externally, on the skin, or internally, through the esophagus. The detector probe was placed dermally. Results: Calculated O2 concentrations increased from 20% (IQR 17−23%) when ventilated with room air to 97% (88−108%) at FiO2 1.0. H2O was only detectable with the internal light source. Specific light absorption and transmission patterns were identified in response to atelectasis and pneumothorax, respectively. Conclusions: The optical method detected FiO2 variations and discriminated the two induced lung pathologies, providing a rationale for further development into a minimally invasive device for real-time monitoring gas changes in the lungs of sick newborn infants. Impact: Optical spectroscopy can detect pulmonary complications in an animal model.Oxygen concentrations can be evaluated in the lungs.Presents a novel minimally invasive method to detect lung oxygenation and complications.Potential to be developed into a lung monitoring method in newborn infants.Potential for bed-side detection of pulmonary complications in newborn infants.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Björkqvist, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Assessment of New Pricing Strategies in the District Heating Market : A Case Study at Sundsvall Energi AB
- 2010
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 38:5, s. 2171-2178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The price structure of district heating has been no major scientific issue for the last decades in energy-related research. However, today trends in district heating pricing tend to move towards a more customer-oriented approach with predetermined prices under a longer periods, leading to a more complex price structure. If a district heating supplier offers district heating with predetermined prices in order to compete with similar electricity offers, the financial risk of the new price structure is significantly higher than the risk of an ordinary variable cost offer based on short-run marginal cost. In contrary to an electricity seller, the district heating company cannot transfer all of the risk of predetermined prices to the financial market, instead the company is thrown upon its own ability to handle the risk by, e.g., hedging its own energy purchase. However, all uncertainties cannot be coped with in this manner. Thus, there is a need for a methodology that can be used to estimate the financial risk of different price structures and to value different opportunities to reduce the risk. In this article, we propose a methodology, implemented in prototype software, to evaluate the risk associated with new price structures in district heating.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Borking, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Transcending Business Intelligence
- 2011. - 1
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- How on Earth did this happen? The question is not infrequent, but more to the point, it?s unnecessary. It arises because in many cases people haven?t thought things through beforehand. Yes, sometimes people can be unlucky, but far from every time that things go awry; bad luck is never so consistent - by definition. Thinking things through properly beforehand might seem a fairly obvious requirement for making a good decision, but startlingly often, even critical decisions are made without any in depth analysis. Well, there may have been some background data lying around somewhere, but not much is done with it. Though it's easy to blame authoritarian leadership or the like, poor decision making is far more usually due to not really knowing what to do with the available information, whether it's sufficient and what else needs to be known There?s nothing weird or idiotic about today?s decision makers, but there often is about the tools and methods available to them. It would be more accurate to say that many decision makers have been lead astray regarding their remit and capacity, but fortunately with structured decision processes they can be guided back on track far more easily than had they been as dim- witted as some of their decisions would indicate.Businesses introduce various BI solutions both timely and untimely, but what most of them don't have is any kind of methodology by which to deal with decisions. With no processes, knowledge, techniques or tools, they soon come to grief. Happily this is fairly easy to remedy.Decision processes and decision methods can be greatly improved. In this book we simply explain how to go about it.
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| 6. |
- Borking, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Transcending Business Intelligence
- 2022. - Third
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det största problemet med mänskligt beslutsfattande är att intuitionen sällan är tillräcklig. I många fall är det helt enkelt för svårt att fatta rationella och väl övervägda beslut utan hjälp. Ett ännu större problem är att de flesta inte inser detta. Människor tror att de är rationella men i själva verket är deras förmåga till rationalitet ganska begränsad, en situation som förvärras av villfarelsen att vi utan någon form av hjälp kan fatta kloka beslut. Man kan tycka att organisationer och människor bara ska gå vidare med saker och ting så bra de kan och lämna det där, men det är ofta så att beslut påverkar andra människor, ibland ganska mycket, ibland avgörande, och i vissa fall påverkar de många. andra människor eller organismer, födda och ofödda. Det gäller till exempel offentliga beslut om policys, inte minst under covid-19-pandemin, och om storskaliga infrastrukturprojekt. Inte ovanligt får vi intrycket av ett oacceptabelt stort inslag av slump, även i mycket kostsamma eller kontroversiella frågor. Detta är ganska onödigt.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Brouzoulis, Jim, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for planar crack propagation based on the concept of material forces
- 2011
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Ingår i: Computational Mechanics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0924 .- 0178-7675. ; 47:3, s. 295-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a computational framework for the simulation of planar crack growth (including kinking) driven by "material forces". An evolution law for the crack tip position is formulated, which is shown to give rise to different propagation strategies when subjected to certain assumptions on regularity. Three such strategies, that previously have been proposed in the literature in principle: Explicit Proportional Extension (EPE), Implicit Proportional Extension (IPE) and Maximum Parallel Release Rate (MPRR), are outlined and assessed. Based on the results of two numerical examples, it is concluded that the presented propagation strategies produce almost identical results and are robust with respect to time discretization.
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| 10. |
- Brydegaard, Mikkel, et al.
(författare)
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Short-Wave infrared atmospheric scheimpflug lidar
- 2018
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Ingår i: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. ; 176
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric dual-band Scheimpflug lidar is demonstrated at 980 and 1550 nm. Signals are compared during three weather conditions, and the spatio-temporal resolution of the atmospheric structure is considered. The potential for aerosol classification is evaluated, and future directions are discussed.
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| 11. |
- Brydegaard, Mikkel, et al.
(författare)
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The Scheimpflug lidar method
- 2017
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Ingår i: Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring 2017. - : SPIE. - 9781510612693 ; 10406
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent several years we developed the Scheimpflug lidar method. We combined an invention from the 19th century with modern optoelectronics such as diode lasers and CMOS array from the 21st century. The approach exceeds expectations of background suppression, sensitivity and resolution beyond known from time-of-flight lidars. We accomplished multiband elastic atmospheric lidars for resolving single particles and aerosol plumes from 405 nm to 1550 nm. We pursued hyperspectral differential absorption lidar for molecular species. We demonstrated a simple method of inelastic hyperspectral lidar for profiling aquatic environments and vegetation structure. Not least, we have developed polarimetric Scheimpflug lidar with multi-kHz sampling rates for remote modulation spectroscopy and classification of aerofauna. All these advances are thanks to the Scheimpflug principle. Here we give a review of how far we have come and shed light on the limitations and opportunities for future directions. In particular, we show how the biosphere can be resolved with unsurpassed resolution in space and time, and share our expectation on how this can revolutionize ecological analysis and management in relation to agricultural pests, disease vectors and pollinator problematics.
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| 12. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-disciplinary research in analytic decision support systems
- 2006
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Ingår i: ITI 2006. - Zagreb : University Computing Centre SRCE, University of Zagreb. - 9537138054 ; , s. 123-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A main problem in nearly all contexts is that unguided decision making is tremendously difficult and can lead to inefficient decision processes and undesired consequences. Therefore, decision support systems (DSSs) are of prime concern to any organization and there have been numerous approaches to such from, e.g., computational, mathematical, financial, philosophical, psychological, and sociological angles. However, a key observation is that efficient decision making is not easily performed by using methods from one discipline only. The case is rather that if real world decision making is taken seriously, several aspects must be included. This article describes some efforts of the DECIDE research group for approaching decision making and developing DSSs in a cross-disciplinary environment.
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| 13. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Disciplinary Research in Analytic Decision Support Systems
- 2006
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Ingår i: ITI 2006. - Zagreb : University Computing Centre SRCE, University of Zagreb. - 9537138054 ; , s. 123-128
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A main problem in decision support contexts is that unguided decision making is difficult and can lead to inefficient decision processes and undesired consequences. Therefore, decision support systems (DSSs) are of prime concern to any organization and there have been numerous approaches to delivering decision support from, e.g., computational, mathematical, financial, philosophical, psychological, and sociological angles. A key observation, however, is that effective and efficient decision making is not easily achieved by using methods from one discipline only. This paper describes some efforts made by the DECIDE Research Group to approach DSS development and decision making tools in a cross-disciplinary way.
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| 14. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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The DecideIT Decision Tool
- 2003
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Ingår i: ISIPTA '03. - : Carleton Scientific. - 1894145178 ; , s. 204-217
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The nature of much information available to decision makers is vague and imprecise, be it information for human managers in organisations or for process agents in a distributed computer environment. Several models for handling vague and imprecise information in decision situations have been suggested. In particular, various interval methods have prevailed, i.e. methods based on interval estimates of probabilities and, in some cases, interval utility estimates. Even if these approaches in general are well founded, little has been done to take into consideration the evaluation perspective and, in particular, computational aspects and implementation issues. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a tool for handling imprecise information in decision situations. The tool is an implementation of our earlier research focussing on finding fast algorithms for solving bilinear systems of equations together with a graphical user interface supporting the interpretation of evaluations of imprecise data.
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| 15. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Using a Software Tool for Public Decision Analysis Analysis : the Case of Nacka Municipality
- 2007
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Ingår i: Decision Analysis. - : INFORMS/Highwire Press. - 1545-8490 .- 1545-8504. ; 4(2), s. 76-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a case of interval decision analysis using a tool that takes advantage of interval probabilities, values, and criteria weights, and is capable of handling comparative relations, i.e. interval statements on differences between variables. These statements are represented as constraints to the solution set and evaluated using a number of different evaluation methods, each serving the decision-maker with different insights of the decision problem. We demonstrate the applicability of the tool in a case study regarding three public infrastructure decision problems which had remained unresolved during a number of years.
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| 16. |
- Danielsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Investment Decision Analysis : a case study at SCA Transforest
- 2003
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Ingår i: IKE'03: Proceedings of the international conference on infomration and knowledge engineering. - 1932415092 ; , s. 79-85
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In investment decision-making in organizations, large values can be at stake. The need for a structured process is evident, not least when several people or interests are involved in the process. We advocate that the use of modern computational decision analysis can improve such investment processes by improving visibility and only requiring reasonably precise input data. The applicability of a structured decision analysis to corporate decision-making is demonstrated in a case study at SCA Transforest, a subdivision to SCA. The decision problem consists of whether a new system for logistic control should be implemented or not. The background information was collected through interviews and the structuring and analysis of the problem was performed using the tool DecideIT, designed for handling situations where uncertainties in input data prevail. The result of the analysis points out a reasonable action, but also shows which aspects are crucial to consider for a reliable result.
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| 17. |
- Ekenberg, Love, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The Lack of Transparency in Public Decision Processes
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - Sundsvall : Mid Sweden University. - 1653-4360. ; 5:1, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the lack of transparency and use of elaborated decision methods in public decision processes. The decision regarding new roads in the greater Stockholm area has been used as a significant example.
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| 18. |
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 19. |
- Främby, Johannes, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A fully coupled multiscale shell formulation for the modelling of fibre reinforced laminates
- 2014
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Ingår i: 16th European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM 2014; Seville; Spain; 22 June 2014 through 26 June 2014. - 9780000000002
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this contribution, we discuss the potential of using a fully coupled multiscale method based on computational homogenisation for simulating the mechanical response of fibre reinforced thin-walled laminates based on shell theory. Emphasis is placed on the effect of e.g. RVE size on the results as compared to both a fully resolved 3D analysis and a pure shell analysis. In the investigations of the method, we restrict to elastic response and focus on the pros and cons of the approach in terms of the accuracy in the through-thickness direction and the benefits thereof in predicting onset of e.g. matrix and/or delamination cracks. It is clear that with the adopted boundary conditions, the ’best’ results (in terms of stress distribution compared to the reference case in 3D) that can be achieved corresponds to what is obtained in the shell analysis.
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| 20. |
- Främby, Johannes, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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PREDICTION OF THROUGH-THICKNESS STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINATED SHELL STRUCTURES
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of NSCM-27: the 27th Nordic Seminar on Computational Mechanics.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to investigate the crashworthiness of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) vehicle structures, by numerical simulations, is crucial for a widespread use of these materials in future cars. Consequently, for an accurate prediction of the crashworthiness performance, crucial mechanisms, e.g. initiation and propagation of delamination, needs to be accurately captured in the simulations. The modelling of the delamination failure mechanism has now reached a level of maturity such that the propagation of delamination cracks can be predicted well in many cases, although often at the cost of long simulation times. However, to enable full car crash Finite Element (FE) analyses in the automotive industry, computational efficiency is essential. In an attempt to meet this demand, a new shell element formulation, which by means of the eXtended Finite Element Method can represent multiple delaminations, has been developed within the group. A drawback of this shell approach is the low accuracy of the predicted through-thickness distribution of the out-of-plane stress components, which are essential for prediction of delamination initiation. Aiming to improve the calculated stress distribution while still keeping a shell analysis approach, we have in the current contribution investigated the potential of using a fully coupled multiscale method (FE^2) based on numerical homogenisation. Following the standard FE^2 procedure, deformation measures originating from the macroscale shell analysis have been used to construct boundary conditions for a detailed 3D Representative Volume Element (RVE) analysis of the laminate. Several types of boundary conditions on the RVE have been investigated to find the most appropriate type with respect to accuracy in the though-thickness stress response. The outcome of this study will be presented and compared to the stress distribution obtained in a fully resolved 3D simulation (reference case) as well as a pure shell analysis. Initial results reveal that the stress distribution obtained in the pure shell analysis is recovered for the case of Taylor and Dirichlet boundary conditions, whereas periodic boundary conditions show additional potential. An alternative post-processing recovery approach to obtain the through-thickness stress distribution, based on the integration of the momentum balance equations, has also been investigated. So far, the conclusion is that for an isotropic case, the distributions correlate well with the reference case. Also results for a laminate with transversely isotropic properties will be presented.
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| 21. |
- Gong, Miaoxin, et al.
(författare)
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Fiber-based stray light suppression in spectroscopy using periodic shadowing
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 29:5, s. 7232-7246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stray light is a known strong interference in spectroscopic measurements. Photons from high-intensity signals that are scattered inside the spectrometer, or photons that enter the detector through unintended ways, will be added to the spectrum as an interference signal. A general experimental solution to this problem is presented here by introducing a customized fiber for signal collection. The fiber-mount to the spectrometer consists of a periodically arranged fiber array that, combined with lock-in analysis of the data, is capable of suppressing stray light for improved spectroscopy. The method, which is referred to as fiber-based periodic shadowing, was applied to Raman spectroscopy in combustion. The fiber-based stray-light suppression method is implemented in an experimental setup with a high-power high-repetition-rate laser system used for Raman measurements in different room-temperature gas mixtures and a premixed flame. It is shown that the stray-light level is reduced by up to a factor of 80. Weak spectral lines can be distinguished, and therefore better molecular species identification, as well as concentration and temperature evaluation, were performed. The results show that the method is feasible and efficient in practical use and that it can be employed as a general tool for improving spectroscopic accuracy.
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| 22. |
- Idefeldt, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Preference ordering algorithms with imprecise expectations
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Lect. Notes Eng. Comput. Sci.. - 9789889867133 ; , s. 750-755, s. 750-755
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In imprecise domains the preference order of the alternatives is not straightforward to establish, due to possible overlapping of expected values among the alternatives. Nevertheless, such rankings are useful in decision analysis applications, as obtaining a ranking of alternatives is a way to gain an overview of the situation. The rankings presented in this paper represent overviews of a preference order of the alternatives based on their respective expected utility. The ranking can be either ordinal, focusing only on the ordering, or cardinal, also taking the differences in expected utility into account. The first set of procedures discussed is a cardinal ranking, which provides the user with expected utility intervals of the evaluated alternatives. This yields a more extensive overview with more detailed information. The second set of procedures discussed ordinal rankings of the alternatives based on three different approaches; 1) contraction based ranking, 2) intersection based ranking, and 3) focal point based ranking with indifference level. Finally, we show that regardless of ranking method their respective maximal elements all conform to the maximal element of the ordinal ranking. Hence, if the intention is to find a maximal element, it is sufficient to use either pointwise cardinal ranking or ordinal ranking with zero as indifference level.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Idh, Jonna, et al.
(författare)
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Susceptibility of Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Reactive Nitrogen Species in Activated Macrophages
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in macrophages by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) upon activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. NO has been shown to be essential for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in murine models whereas its importance in man is not as clear. There is a lack of studies regarding the susceptibility to reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in clinical strains of M. tuberculosis and the relation to first-line drug resistance, such as to isoniazid (INH). The aim of this study was to explore susceptibility to RNS and intracellular survival of clinical strains of M. tuberculosis, with or without INH resistance. Method: Seven clinical strains of M. tuberculosis were transformed with the pSMT1-plasmid encoding Vibrio harveyi luciferase. Survival was analysed by luminometry following exposure to the NO donor DETA/NO or peroxynitrite (SIN-1). Intracellular killing was studied in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) activated with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: There was a significant effect on growth control of M. tuberculosis strains upon macrophage activation, which showed variability among clinical isolates. In the cell-free system, all strains showed a dose-dependent susceptibility to DETA/NO and SIN-1, and clinical strains were in general more resistant than H37Rv to DETA/NO. INH-resistant strains with an inhA mutation were significantly more tolerant to DETA/NO than inhA wild type. Conclusion: Reactive nitrogen species inhibited growth of clinical M. tuberculosis isolates both in an intra- and extracellular model with significant difference between strains. Increased tolerance to NO was associated with isoniazid resistance mediated by inhA.
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| 25. |
- Jansson, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial monitoring of flying insects over a Swedish lake using a continuous-wave lidar system
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - 2054-5703. ; 10:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used a continuous-wave bi-static lidar system based on the Scheimpflug principle in measurements on flying insects above, and in the vicinity of, a small lake located in a forested area in Southern Sweden. The system, which operates on triangulation principles, has a high spatial resolution at close distance, followed by a subsequent decline in resolution further from the sensor, related to the compact system design with a separation of transmitter and receiver by only 0.81 m. Our study showed a strong increase in insect abundance especially at dusk, but also at dawn. Insect numbers decreased over water compared to over land, and larger insects were over-represented over water. Further, the average size of the insects increased at night compared to day time.
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| 26. |
- Kassebaum, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1603-1658
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs off set by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2.9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2.9-3.0) for men and 3.5 years (3.4-3.7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0.85 years (0.78-0.92) and 1.2 years (1.1-1.3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs. Interpretation Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss, an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI, a relative compression of morbidity, which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum.
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| 27. |
- Larsson, Aron, et al.
(författare)
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Decision analysis with multiple objectives in a framework for evaluating imprecision
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Uncertainty Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems. - 0218-4885. ; 13:5, s. 495-509
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a decision tree evaluation method for analyzing multi-attribute decisions under risk, where information is numerically imprecise. The approach extends the use of additive and multiplicative utility functions for supporting evaluation of imprecise statements, relaxing requirements for precise estimates of decision parameters. Information is modeled in convex sets of utility and probability measures restricted by closed intervals. Evaluation is done relative to a set of rules, generalizing the concept of admissibility, computationally handled through optimization of aggregated utility functions. Pros and cons of two approaches, and tradeoffs in selecting a utility function, are discussed.
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| 28. |
- Larsson, Aron, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-attribute decision tree evaluation in imprecise and uncertain domains
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proc. Seventeenth Int. Fla. Artif. Intell. Res. Soc. Conf. FLAIRS. - Menlo Park : AAAI Press. - 1577352017 ; , s. 850-855
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a decision tree evaluation method integrated with a common framework for analyzing multi-attribute decisions under risk, where information is numerically imprecise. The approach extends the use of additive and multiplicative utility functions for supporting evaluation of imprecise statements, relaxing requirements for precise estimates of decision parameters. Information is modeled in convex sets of utility and probability measures restricted by closed intervals. Evaluation is done relative to a set of rules, generalizing the concept of admissibility, computationally handled through optimization of aggregated utility functions. Pros and cons of two approaches, and tradeoffs in selecting a utility function, are discussed.
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| 29. |
- Larsson, Aron, et al.
(författare)
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Representation and Evaluation of Influence Diagrams in a Common Framework for Interval Decision Analysis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IMECS 2006. - 9889867133 ; , s. 738-743
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper present a method for inclusion of influence diagrams within a common framework for analysing decisions under risk supporting interval-valued user statements. The method of inclusion support both modeling and evaluation, and the evaluation is performed through a conversion of influence diagrams into decision tree frames holding symmetric decision trees. The qualitative and explicit modeling of probabilistic independence cause implicit comparative constraints between variables, constraints which must not be violated in order to obtain correct evaluation results.
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| 30. |
- Larsson, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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A 3-D printed phantom for optical techniques in medicine
- 2017
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Ingår i: CLEO: Applications and Technology, CLEO_AT 2017. - 9781943580279 ; Part F43-CLEO_AT 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of optical techniques in medical applications can be difficult due to limited access to realistic phantoms. Here a 3-D printed model based on CT-images of the thorax of an infant is developed and tested.
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| 31. |
- Larsson, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric CO2 sensing using Scheimpflug-lidar based on a 1.57-mu m fiber source
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Optics Express. - : Optical Society of America. - 1094-4087. ; 27:12, s. 17348-17358
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A molecular laser-radar system, based on the Scheimpflug principle, has been constructed and demonstrated for remote sensing of atmospheric CO2 concentrations using Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) in the (30012 <- 00001) absorption band. The laser source is a Continues Wave (CW) Distributed-FeedBack (DFB) diode laser seeding an Erbium-doped fiber amplifier, emitting narrowband (3 MHz) tunable radiation with an output power of 1.3 W at 1.57 mu m. The laser beam is expanded and transmitted to the atmosphere. The atmospheric backscattered signal is collected with a Newtonian telescope and detected with a linear InGaAs array detector satisfying the Scheimpflug condition. We present range-resolved measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentration from a test range of 2 km located in the city of Lund, Sweden. We discuss and provide scalable results for CO2 profiling with the Scheimpflug-lidar method.
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| 32. |
- Larsson, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of dermal vs internal light administration in human lungs using the TDLAS-GASMAS technique—Phantom studies
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biophotonics. - : Wiley. - 1864-063X .- 1864-0648. ; 12:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxygen and water vapor content, in the lungs of a 3D-printed phantom model based on CT-images of a preterm infant, is evaluated using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) in Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS), that is, the TDLAS-GASMAS technique. Oxygen gas is detected through an absorption line near 764 nm and water vapor through an absorption line near 820 nm. A model with a lung containing interior structure is compared to a model with a hollow lung. Compared to the model with the hollow lung, both the mean absorption path length and the transmitted intensity are found to be lower for the model with the structured lung. A new approach, where laser light is delivered internally into the model through an optical fiber, is compared to dermal light administration, that is, illumination onto the skin, for the model with structure inside the lung. The internal light administration generally resulted in larger gas absorption, and higher signal-to-noise ratios, compared to the dermal light administration. The results from the phantom measurements show great promise for the internal illumination approach and a natural next step would be to investigate it further in clinical studies.
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| 33. |
- Larsson, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a 3-dimensional tissue lung phantom of a preterm infant for optical measurements of oxygen—Laser-detector position considerations
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biophotonics. - : Wiley. - 1864-063X. ; 11:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need to further improve the clinical care of our most vulnerable patients—preterm infants. Novel diagnostic and treatment tools facilitate such advances. Here, we evaluate a potential percutaneous optical monitoring tool to assess the oxygen and water vapor content in the lungs of preterm babies. The aim is to prepare for further clinical studies by gaining a detailed understanding of how the measured light intensity and gas absorption signal behave for different possible geometries of light delivery and receiver. Such an experimental evaluation is conducted for the first time utilizing a specially developed 3-dimensional-printed optical phantom based on a geometry model obtained from computer tomography images of the thorax (chest) of a 1700-g premature infant. The measurements yield reliable signals for source–detector distances up to about 50 mm, with stronger gas absorption signals at long separations and positions related to the lower part of the lung, consistent with a larger relative volume of this. The limitations of this study include the omission of scattering tissue within the lungs and that similar optical properties are used for the wavelengths employed for the 2 gases, yielding no indication on the optimal wavelength pair to use.
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| 34. |
- Larsson, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a compact multipass oxygen sensor used for gas diffusion studies in opaque media
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 2155-3165. ; 54:33, s. 9772-9778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A highly scattering porous ceramic sample is employed as a miniature random-scattering multipass gas cell for monitoring of oxygen content in opaque media, that is, wood materials in the present work. Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy is used by employing a 760 nm near-infrared laser diode to probe the absorption of molecular oxygen enclosed in the pores of the ceramic material working as the multipass gas cell, with a porosity of 75%. A path length enhancement of approximately 26 times and a signal-to-noise ratio of about 60 were obtained for the ceramic sample used in this work. The gas sensor was then used in a case study of the gas diffusion in wood materials, namely, oak, spruce, and mahogany samples. Differences depending on whether gas diffusion was studied longitudinal or radial to the tree annual rings are demonstrated, with very little gas diffusing in the radial direction. We can also observe that the gas diffusion for the densest material-oak-had the fastest diffusion time, and mahogany, which had the lowest density, showed the slowest diffusion time. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
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| 35. |
- Larsson, Jim
(författare)
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Diode-laser absorption spectroscopy - applications in medicine and environmental monitoring
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A major part of this thesis work has been research in a medical project, where, together with industry and clinical partners, the aim was to develop a prototype system for non-invasive monitoring of premature babies based on the optical measurement technique gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS). Part of the project was to develop a 3D-printed tissue phantom based on chest X-ray images of the thorax of a premature infant. Experiments were conducted on the phantom, where the oxygen and water vapor content in the lungs were evaluated for different light source- and detector positions. Furthermore, delivery of light with a diffusor attached to the surface of the model was compared with internal light delivery through an optical fiber. A pre-clinical study was performed on anesthetized newborn piglets with different inspired oxygen concentrations and induced lung complications using both dermal and internal light illumination. The measurements with internal illumination were performed by delivering the light through an optical fiber with a diffuse end, and the optical fiber positioned in the esophagus of the piglet. The inspired oxygen concentration was stepwise increased and decreased while measuring the oxygen and water vapor content using two diode lasers emitting at a wavelength of 764 nm and 820 nm, respectively. From the absorption at the two wavelengths an oxygen concentration could be evaluated. When investigating the oxygen content during induced lung complications, i.e., pneumothorax and atelectasis, different responses of the absorption and transmission were identified for the two cases. The project was concluded by a clinical study on healthy newborn infants, where the light was delivered through a diffuser placed in the armpit and the detector was positioned on the thorax of the infant. The initial results are promising; it was possible to detect oxygen absorption signals. However, the study also shows that the system needs further improvements in order to deliver strong enough signals for reliable oxygen diagnostics.In this thesis, work is also presented on atmospheric monitoring of CO2 using differential absorption Lidar (DIAL) based on a tunable, continuous-wave (CW) diode laser with an emission wavelength at 1573 nm. The diode laser was coupled to a fiber amplifier to achieve output powers about 1.3 W. The backscattered light was range resolved by arranging the laser beam, collection lens and a line array detector in Scheimpflug geometry, where focus is achieved along the laser beam. This technique is known as Scheimpflug Lidar. From the recorded DIAL curves, CO2 concentrations of around 400 ppm were evaluated. In addition, aerosol releases in the beam path were studied by observing backscattered light from two diode lasers, one emitting in the near-infrared (980 nm) and the other one in the short-wave infrared region (1550 nm).
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| 36. |
- Larsson, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Thermometry in porous media using GASMAS - a feasibility study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis, LACSEA 2016. - 9781943580156 ; Part F10-LACSEA 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The line shape of an absorption line from molecular oxygen enclosed in the pores of a ceramic material has been studied at different temperatures. By evaluating the line width it is feasible to extract temperature information of the gas inside porous scattering materials.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Liao, Peilang, et al.
(författare)
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Computer simulation analysis of source-detector position for percutaneously measured O2-gas signal in a three-dimensional preterm infant lung
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biophotonics. - : Wiley. - 1864-063X. ; 11:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Further improvements in the clinical care of our most vulnerable patients-preterm infants-are needed. Novel diagnostic and surveillance tools facilitate such advances. The GASMAS technique has shown potential to become a tool to, noninvasively, monitor gas in the lungs of preterm infants, by placing a laser source and a detector on the chest wall skin. It is believed that this technology will become a valuable clinical diagnostic tool for monitoring the lung function of these patients. Today, the technology is, for this application, in an early stage and further investigations are needed. In the present study, a three-dimensional computer model of the thorax of an infant is constructed, from a set of CT images. Light transport simulations are performed to provide information about the position dependence of the laser- and detector probe on the thorax of the infant. The result of the simulations, based on the study method and the specified model used in this work, indicates that measurement geometries in front and on the side of the lung are favorable in order to obtain a good gas absorption signal.
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| 39. |
- Lundin, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity enhancement and fringe reduction in tunable diode laser spectroscopy using hemispherical diffusers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 88:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of diffuse, highly reflective optical components, in particular, a hemispherical BaSO4 diffuser, at the point of light injection into non-transparent or turbid media was evaluated as a means to increase the measurement sensitivity of spectroscopic absorption measurements. By performing the light injection from, e.g., an optical fiber through a component designed to make the light diffuse and to reflect (and thereby re-inject) light scattered from the sample, the total amount of light delivered into the sample is increased. Further, the occurrence of possible interference fringes is strongly reduced.
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| 40. |
- Magnusson, Peter S., et al.
(författare)
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SimICS/sun4m : A virtual workstation
- 2019
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Ingår i: USENIX 1998 Annual Technical Conference. - New Orleans, LA, USA : USENIX Association.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- System level simulators allow computer architects and system software designers to recreate an accurate and complete replica of the program behavior of a target system, regardless of the availability, existence, or instrumentation support of such a system. Applications include evaluation of architectural design alternatives as well as software engineering tasks such as traditional debugging and performance tuning. We present an implementation of a simulator acting as a virtual workstation fully compatible with the sun4m architecture from Sun Microsystems. Built using the system-level SPARC V8 simulator SimICS, SimICS/sun4m models one or more SPARC V8 processors, supports user-developed modules for data cache and instruction cache simulation and execution profiling of all code, and provides a symbolic and performance debugging environment for operating systems. SimICS/sun4m can boot unmodified operating systems, including Linux 2.0.30 and Solaris 2.6, directly from snapshots of disk partitions. To support essentially arbitrary code, we implemented binary-compatible simulators for several devices, including SCSI, console, interrupt, timers, EEPROM, and Ethernet. The Ethernet simulation hooks into the host and allows the virtual workstation to appear on the local network with full services available (NFS, NIS, rsh, etc). Ethernet and console traffic can be recorded for future playback. The performance of SimICS/sun4m is sufficient to run realistic workloads, such as the database benchmark TPC-D, scaling factor 1/100, or an interactive network application such as Mozilla. The slowdown in relation to native hardware is in the range of 25 to 75 (measured using SPECint95). We also demonstrate some applications, including modeling an 8-processor sun4m version (which does not exist), modeling future memory hierarchies, and debugging an operating system.
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| 41. |
- Ryberg, Anders, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Stereo vision for path correction in off-line programmed robot welding
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. ; , s. 1700-1705
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper describes a versatile machine vision system for correcting off-line programmed nominal robot trajectories for advanced welding. Weld trajectory corrections are needed due to slight variations in weld joints. Such variations occur naturally because of varying tolerances in parts and to heat induced deformations during earlier weld sequences. The developed system uses one camera and a weld tool mounted on the robot hand. As a first step, the whole system, including the camera, is calibrated. Then the system takes images of the weld joint from different positions and orientations, and determines the weld joint geometry in 3D using a stereo vision algorithm and a novel camera model. The weld trajectory is then updated in the robot control system, and weld operation is performed. These steps are repeated for all weld sequences of the work piece. The strategy has successfully been demonstrated for a standard industrial welding robot and a standard FireWire CMOS camera. The maximum deviation of the trajectory found by the system compared to a reference (coordinate measuring machine) is 0.7 mm and the mean deviation is 0.23 mm. Thus, the system shows high potential for industrial implementation. ©2010 IEEE.
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| 42. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 43. |
- Svebrant, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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On-site pilot testing of hospital wastewater ozonation to reduce pharmaceutical residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- 2021
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Ingår i: Antibiotics. - : MDPI. - 2079-6382. ; 10:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hospital sewage constitutes an important point source for antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to the high antibiotic use. Antibiotic resistance can develop and cause problems in sewage systems within hospitals and municipal wastewater treatment plants, thus, interventions to treat hospital sewage on-site are important. Ozonation has proven effective in treating relatively clean wastewater, but the effect on untreated wastewater is unclear. Therefore, we piloted implementation of ozonation to treat wastewater in a tertiary hospital in Uppsala, Sweden. We measured active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae using selective culturing pre-and post-ozonation. Comparing low (1 m3 /h) and high (2 m3 /h) flow, we obtained a 'dose-dependent' effect of API reduction (significant reduction of 12/29 APIs using low and 2/29 APIs using high flow, and a mean reduction of antibiotics of 41% using low vs. 6% using high flow, 25% vs. 6% for all APIs). There was no significant difference in the amount of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteiaceae pre-and post-ozonation. Our results demonstrate that ozonation of untreated wastewater can reduce API content. However, due to the moderate API decrease and numerous practical challenges in the on-site setting, this specific ozonation system is not suitable to implement at full scale in our hospital.
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| 44. |
- Svebrant, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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The enzyme toilet rim block 'pCure' does not efficiently remove drug residues in a hospital setting : exemplifying the importance of on-site implementation testing
- 2018
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2000-8686. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Negative environmental effects of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are increasingly recognized, especially concerning antibiotics, and hospitals are important point sources. "pCure" is a toilet rim block containing API-degrading enzymes; the producing company claims positive in vitro results but no implementation studies have been performed.Materials and methods: In a university hospital setting, 16 weeks were randomized to installation or no installation of pCure in all 261 toilets connected to the same cesspit where sewage water was sampled daily. Ninety-six samples were analyzed for 102 APIs using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.Results and Discussion: Fifty-one APIs were detected with a large variation in levels but no significant differences in the initial statistical analysis. More statistical testing of API level ratios (pCure installed/not installed) yielded some cases of significant decrease. Differences were small and not consistent when comparing means and medians. We cannot exclude a small pCure effect but clearly pCure has no effect of biological importance. Conclusion: pCure is not useful to reduce drug residue discharge in a hospital setting. In a bigger perspective, our study exemplifies that products claiming to reduce an environmental problem need to be tested in on-site implementation studies by independent researchers before reaching the market.
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| 45. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 46. |
- Weng, Wubin, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Hydrogen Chloride Detection in Combustion Environments Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy with Comprehensive Investigation of Hot Water Interference
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0003-7028 .- 1943-3530.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen chloride (HCl) monitoring during combustion/gasification of biomass fuels and municipal solid waste, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and food residues, is demanded to avoid the adverse effect of HCl to furnace operation and to improve the quality of the gas products. Infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (IR-TDLAS) is a feasible nonintrusive in-situ method for HCl measurements in harsh environments. In the present work, the measurement was performed using the R(3) line of the ν2 vibrational band of HCl at 5739.25 cm–1 (1742.4 nm). Water vapor is ubiquitous in combustion/gasification environments, and its spectral interference is one of the most common challenges for IR-TDLAS. Spectral analysis based on the current well-known databases was found to be insufficient to achieve an accurate measurement. The lack of accurate temperature-dependent water spectra can introduce thousands parts per million (ppm) HCl overestimation. For the first time, accurate spectroscopic data of temperature-dependent water spectra near 5739.3 cm–1 were obtained based on a systematic experimental investigation of the hot water lines in a well-controlled, hot flue gas with a temperature varying from 1100 to 1950 K. With the accurate knowledge of hot water interference, the HCl TDLAS system can achieve a detection limit of about 100 ppm⋅m at around 1500 K, and simultaneously the gas temperature can be derived. The technique was applied to measure the temporally resolved HCl release and local temperature over burning PVC particles in hot flue gas at 1790 K.
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| 47. |
- Yang, Xiong, et al.
(författare)
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1.57 mu m fiber source for atmospheric CO2 continuous-wave differential absorption lidar
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Optics Express. - : Optical Society of America. - 1094-4087. ; 27:7, s. 10304-10310
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an efficient fiber source designed for continuous-wave differential absorption light detection and ranging (CW DIAL) of atmospheric CO2-concentration. It has a linewidth of 3 MHz, a tuning range of 2 nm over the CO2 absorption peaks at 1.572 mu m, and an output power of 1.3 W limited by available pump power. Results from the initial CW DIAL testing are also presented and discussed. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
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| 48. |
- Yang, Xiong, et al.
(författare)
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A 1.57 µm fiber source for atmospheric CO2 continuous-wave differential absorption lidar
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a simple turn-key fiber amplifier system which allows for a narrow wavelength tunability with a stable level of output power. This system was used in continuous-wave differential absorption light detection and ranging (CW-DIAL) [1] to measure the atmospheric CO2-concentration in Lund. Preliminary experimental results are also presented.
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| 49. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
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Mendelian randomization and clinical trial evidence supports TYK2 inhibition as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases
- 2023
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 89
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To explore the associations of genetically proxied TYK2 inhibition with a wide range of disease outcomes and biomarkers to identify therapeutic repurposing opportunities, adverse effects, and biomarkers of efficacy.Methods: The loss-of-function missense variant rs34536443 in TYK2 gene was used as a genetic instrument to proxy the effect of TYK2 inhibition. A phenome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore the associations of genetically-proxied TYK2 inhibition with 1473 disease outcomes in UK Biobank (N = 339,197). Identified associations were examined for replication in FinnGen (N = 260,405). We further performed tissue -specific gene expression MR, colocalization analyses, and MR with 247 blood biomarkers. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TYK2 inhibitor was performed to complement the genetic evidence.Findings: PheWAS-MR found that genetically-proxied TYK2 inhibition was associated with lower risk of a wide range of autoimmune diseases. The associations with hypothyroidism and psoriasis were confirmed in MR analysis of tissue-specific TYK2 gene expression and the associations with systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis were observed in colocalization analysis. There were nominal associations of genetically-proxied TYK2 inhibition with increased risk of prostate and breast cancer but not in tissue-specific expression MR or colocalization analyses. Thirty-seven blood biomarkers were associated with the TYK2 loss-of-function mutation. Evidence from RCTs confirmed the effectiveness of TYK2 inhibitors on plaque psoriasis and reported several adverse effects.Interpretation: This study supports TYK2 inhibitor as a potential treatment for psoriasis and several other autoim-mune diseases. Increased pharmacovigilance is warranted in relation to the potential adverse effects.
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