| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Gabrielsson, Britt, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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High expression of complement components in omental adipose tissue in obese men.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Obesity research. - : Wiley. - 1071-7323 .- 1550-8528. ; 11:6, s. 699-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Accumulation of visceral fat is recognized as a predictor of obesity-related metabolic disturbances. Factors that are predominantly expressed in this depot could mediate the link between visceral obesity and associated diseases. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 10 obese men. Gene expression was analyzed by DNA microarrays in triplicate and by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum C3 and C4 were analyzed by radial immunodiffusion assays in 91 subjects representing a cross section of the general population. Body composition was measured by computerized tomography. RESULTS: Complement components C2, C3, C4, C7, and Factor B had higher expression in omental compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue ( approximately 2-, 4-, 17-, 10-, and 7-fold, respectively). In addition, adipsin, which belongs to the alternative pathway, and the classical pathway components C1QB, C1R, and C1S were expressed in both depots. Analysis of tissue distribution showed high expression of C2, C3, and C4 in omental adipose tissue, and only liver had higher expression of these genes. Serum C3 levels correlated with both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in both men (r = 0.65 and p < 0.001 and r = 0.52 and p < 0.001, respectively) and women (r = 0.34 and p = 0.023 and r = 0.49 and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas C4 levels correlated with only visceral fat in men (r = 0.36, p = 0.015) and with both depots in women (visceral: r = 0.58, p < 0.001; and subcutaneous: r = 0.51, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Recent studies show that the metabolic syndrome is associated with chronically elevated levels of several immune markers, some of which may have metabolic effects. The high expression of complement genes in intra-abdominal adipose tissue might suggest that the complement system is involved in the development of visceral adiposity and/or contributes to the metabolic complications associated with increased visceral fat mass.
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| 3. |
- Jordan, Stanley C, et al.
(författare)
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IgG Endopeptidase in Highly Sensitized Patients Undergoing Transplantation.
- 2017
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 377:5, s. 442-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Donor-specific antibodies create an immunologic barrier to transplantation. Current therapies to modify donor-specific antibodies are limited and ineffective in the most highly HLA-sensitized patients. The IgG-degrading enzyme derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS), an endopeptidase, cleaves human IgG into F(ab')2 and Fc fragments inhibiting complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, which suggests that IdeS might be useful for desensitization. We report on the combined experience of two independently performed open-label, phase 1-2 trials (conducted in Sweden and the United States) that assessed the efficacy of IdeS with regard to desensitization and transplantation of a kidney from an HLA-incompatible donor.METHODS: We administered IdeS to 25 highly HLA-sensitized patients (11 patients in Uppsala or Stockholm, Sweden, and 14 in Los Angeles) before the transplantation of a kidney from an HLA-incompatible donor. Frequent monitoring for adverse events, outcomes, donor-specific antibodies, and renal function was performed, as were renal biopsies. Immunosuppression after transplantation consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and glucocorticoids. Patients in the U.S. study also received intravenous immune globulin and rituximab after transplantation to prevent antibody rebound.RESULTS: Recipients in the U.S. study had a significantly longer cold ischemia time (the time elapsed between procurement of the organ and transplantation), a significantly higher rate of delayed graft function, and significantly higher levels of class I donor-specific antibodies than those in the Swedish study. A total of 38 serious adverse events occurred in 15 patients (5 events were adjudicated as being possibly related to IdeS). At transplantation, total IgG and HLA antibodies were eliminated. A total of 24 of 25 patients had perfusion of allografts after transplantation. Antibody-mediated rejection occurred in 10 patients (7 patients in the U.S. study and 3 in the Swedish study) at 2 weeks to 5 months after transplantation; all these patients had a response to treatment. One graft loss, mediated by non-HLA IgM and IgA antibodies, occurred.CONCLUSIONS: IdeS reduced or eliminated donor-specific antibodies and permitted HLA-incompatible transplantation in 24 of 25 patients. (Funded by Hansa Medical; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02224820 , NCT02426684 , and NCT02475551 .).
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| 4. |
- Lorant, Tomas, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Safety, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of degradation of anti-HLA antibodies by IdeS (imlifidase) in chronic kidney disease patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 18:11, s. 2752-2762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safety, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of the IgG-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS [imlifidase]) were assessed in a single-center, open-label ascending-dose study in highly sensitized patients with chronic kidney disease. Eight patients with cytotoxic PRAs (median cytotoxic PRAs of 64%) at enrollment received 1 or 2 intravenous infusions of IdeS on consecutive days (0.12 mg/kg body weight ×2 [n = 3]; 0.25 mg/kg ×1 [n = 3], or 0.25 mg/kg ×2 [n = 2]). IgG degradation was observed in all subjects after IdeS treatment, with <1% plasma IgG remaining within 48 hours and remaining low up to 7 days. Mean fluorescence intensity values of HLA class I and II reactivity were substantially reduced in all patients, and C1q binding to anti-HLA was abolished. IdeS also cleaved the IgG-type B cell receptor on CD19+ memory B cells. Anti-IdeS antibodies developed 1 week after treatment, peaking at 2 weeks. A few hours after the second IdeS infusion, 1 patient received a deceased donor kidney offer. At enrollment, the patient had a positive serum crossmatch (HLA-B7), detected by complement-dependent cytotoxicity, flow cytometry, and multiplex bead assays. After IdeS infusion (0.12 mg/kg ×2) and when the HLA-incompatible donor (HLA-B7+) kidney was offered, the HLA antibody profile was negative. The kidney was transplanted successfully.
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| 5. |
- Sarlin, Paul-Edouard, et al.
(författare)
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Back to the Feature: Learning Robust Camera Localization from Pixels to Pose
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. - 1063-6919. ; , s. 3246-3256
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Camera pose estimation in known scenes is a 3D geometry task recently tackled by multiple learning algorithms. Many regress precise geometric quantities, like poses or 3D points, from an input image. This either fails to generalize to new viewpoints or ties the model parameters to a specific scene. In this paper, we go Back to the Feature: we argue that deep networks should focus on learning robust and invariant visual features, while the geometric estimation should be left to principled algorithms. We introduce PixLoc, a scene-agnostic neural network that estimates an accurate 6-DoF pose from an image and a 3D model. Our approach is based on the direct alignment of multiscale deep features, casting camera localization as metric learning. PixLoc learns strong data priors by end-to-end training from pixels to pose and exhibits exceptional generalization to new scenes by separating model parameters and scene geometry. The system can localize in large environments given coarse pose priors but also improve the accuracy of sparse feature matching by jointly refining keypoints and poses with little overhead. The code will be publicly available at github.com/cvg/pixloc.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Arnbjörnsson, Einar, et al.
(författare)
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Video vägleder vid anläggning av gastrostomiknapp hos barn. Tio års erfarenheter visar metodens fördelar
- 2005
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 102:46, s. 5-3451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tio års erfarenheter av att anlägga gastrostomier på barn med hjälp av videoendoskop redovisas. I patientgruppen ingår 300 barn i åldern 3 månader till 18 år med neurologiska åkommor, metabola sjukdomar, medfödda hjärtmissbildningar och maligna sjukdomar. Operationen görs i intubationsnarkos med en videoassisterad anläggning av gastrostomi där en s k gastrostomiknapp placeras direkt i stomat och används så fort barnet har vaknat. Några svåra operativa eller postoperativa komplikationer, såsom blödningar, fistlar till kolon eller behov av akut reoperation, har inte förekommit. Lokala problem runt själva stomat är vanliga, liksom vid andra gastrostomimetoder. Vi rekommenderar den här beskrivna videoassisterade tekniken för användning på barn om de anatomiska förutsättningarna så tillåter.
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| 8. |
- Backman, Torbjorn, et al.
(författare)
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Video-assisted gastrostomy in infants less than 1 year.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Pediatric Surgery International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1437-9813 .- 0179-0358. ; 22:3, s. 243-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of this study were to report our experience with the laparoscopic video-assisted gastrostomy technique in infants operated during their first year of life. A total of 53 infants (35 males, 18 females) aged 6 +/- 3 months, varying from 3 weeks to 11 months, underwent video-assisted gastrostomy. They were prospectively followed up. Included are infants with neurological dysfunction, chromosomal anomalies, metabolic disorders, cardiac anomalies or respiratory insufficiency. All the infants were operated under general and local anaesthesia. Gastrostomy tube feeding began within 4 h after the operation. The infants were followed with a scheduled control at 1 and 6 months postoperatively documenting complications and weight gain. The main outcome measure was the number and type of complications as well as weight gain using the age-adjusted Z-score of weight to normalize the data relative to a reference population. The weight before and 6 months after the video-assisted gastrostomy was 5.5 +/- 1.6 and 8.5 +/- 1.6 kg, respectively. The Z-score increased significantly (P < 0.001) from -2.7 +/- 1.5 to -1.7 +/- 1.0. This illustrates the postoperative weight gain and catch-up. Short and long-term complications included minor local wound infection, leakage around the gastrostomy tube and granuloma, but no severe complications. Our results encourage the use of video-assisted gastrostomy as a safe technique to provide a route for long-term nutritional support even in infants less than 1 year.
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| 9. |
- Bäckryd, Emmanuel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of both systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia patients, as assessed by a multiplex protein panel applied to the cerebrospinal fluid and to plasma
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1178-7090. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to central hyperexcitability and impaired top-down modulation, chronic inflammation probably plays a role in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM). Indeed, on the basis of both animal experiments and human studies involving the analysis of cytokines and other inflammation-related proteins in different body fluids, neuroinflammatory mechanisms are considered to be central to the pathophysiology of many chronic pain conditions. However, concerning FM, previous human plasma/serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine studies have looked only at a few predetermined cytokine candidates. Instead of analyzing only a few substances at a time, we used a new multiplex protein panel enabling simultaneous analysis of 92 inflammation-related proteins. Hence, we investigated the CSF and plasma inflammatory profiles of 40 FM patients compared with CSF from healthy controls (n= 10) and plasma from blood donor controls (n= 46). Using multivariate data analysis by projection, we found evidence of both neuroinflammation (as assessed in CSF) and chronic systemic inflammation (as assessed in plasma). Two groups of proteins (one for CSF and one for plasma) highly discriminating between patients and controls are presented. Notably, we found high levels of CSF chemokine CX3CL1 (also known as fractalkine). In addition, previous findings concerning IL-8 in FM were replicated, in both CSF and plasma. This is the first time that such an extensive inflammatory profile has been described for FM patients. Hence, FM seems to be characterized by objective biochemical alterations, and the lingering characterization of its mechanisms as essentially idiopathic or even psychogenic should be seen as definitively outdated.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Gudbjartsson, T, et al.
(författare)
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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Improved surgical results should influence abortion decision making
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - 1799-7267. ; 97:1, s. 71-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To compare surgical results for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in two Scandinavian university hospitals and to evaluate the effects of abortions on the clinical profile of CDH in Iceland. Methods: A retrospective study including all CDH-cases in Iceland 1983-2002 and children referred to Lund University Hospital 1993-2002. Aborted fetuses with CDH from a nation-wide Icelandic abort-registry were also included. Results: In Iceland, 19 out of 23 children with CDH were diagnosed < 24 hours from delivery, one with associated anomalies. Eight fetuses were diagnosed prenatally and seven of them aborted, three having isolated CDH at autopsy. In Iceland, 15 of 18 children operated on survived surgery (83% operative survival). In Lund 28 children were treated with surgery, 23 of them diagnosed early after birth or prenatally. Four children did not survive surgery (86% operative survival) and 9 (31%) had associated anomalies. All the discharged children treated in Iceland and Lund are alive, 3-22 years postoperatively. Conclusion: CDH is a serious anomaly where morbidity and mortality is directly related to other associated anomalies and pulmonary hypoplasia. However, majority of CDH patients do not have other associated anomalies. In spite of improved surgical results (operative mortality < 20%), a large proportion of pregnancies complicated with CDH are terminated. We conclude that the improved survival rate after corrective surgery must be emphasized when giving information to parents regarding abortion of fetuses with a prenatally diagnosed CDH.
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| 13. |
- Guerra, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Myc is required for activation of the ATM-dependent checkpoints in response to DNA damage
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The MYC protein controls cellular functions such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In response to genotoxic agents, cells overexpressing MYC undergo apoptosis. However, the MYC-regulated effectors acting upstream of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway are still unknown.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we demonstrate that expression of Myc is required to activate the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage checkpoint responses in rat cell lines exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) or the bacterial cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Phosphorylation of the ATM kinase and its downstream effectors, such as histone H2AX, were impaired in the myc null cell line HO15.19, compared to the myc positive TGR-1 and HOmyc3 cells. Nuclear foci formation of the Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (Nbs) 1 protein, essential for efficient ATM activation, was also reduced in absence of myc. Knock down of the endogenous levels of MYC by siRNA in the human cell line HCT116 resulted in decreased ATM and CHK2 phosphorylation in response to irradiation. Conversely, cell death induced by UV irradiation, known to activate the ATR-dependent checkpoint, was similar in all the cell lines, independently of the myc status.CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that MYC contributes to the activation of the ATM-dependent checkpoint responses, leading to cell death in response to specific genotoxic stimuli.
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| 14. |
- Gunnarsdottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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CART-peptide immunoreactivity in enteric nerves in patients with Hirschsprung's disease
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1439-359X .- 0939-7248. ; 17:3, s. 184-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)-peptide is found in the brain and participates in the control of feeding behavior. It is also expressed in the peripheral nervous system and is suggested to have neuromodulatory and/or neurotrophic effects in rat intestine. The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of CART-peptide in the normal ganglionic as well as aganglionic intestine from patients with Hirschsprung's disease and the pepticle's possible coexistence with other neurotransmitters. Methods: Intestinal specimens from nine patients with Hirschsprung's disease were examined using immunohistochemistry. A double immunostaining technique was used in order to elucidate the presence of CART-peptide in NOS and VIP-containing enteric neurons. Results: in ganglionic intestine, CART-peptide was found in numerous nerve fibers, predominantly within the smooth muscle layers and in myenteric nerve cell bodies. A high degree of co-localization of CART with NOS and VIP was seen. Only very few CART immunoreactive nerve fibers and no nerve cell bodies were found in the aganglionic intestine. Conclusions: This is the first report on the presence of CART-peptide in the human intestine. In the ganglionic intestine CART was detected mainly in myenteric neurons, while only very few CART-IR nerve fibers were found in the aganglionic intestine. This, together with the coexistence of CART with NOS and VIP, indicates an intrinsic origin of the CART-containing neurons and suggests that CART may influence NO and VIP-induced effects.
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| 15. |
- Gunnarsdottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of Life in Adults Operated On for Hirschsprung Disease in Childhood.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - Jpgn. - 1536-4801. ; 51, s. 160-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:: The aim of this study is to explore the long-term quality of life (QoL) in adults after surgery for Hirschsprung disease in childhood. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: Altogether 51 patients were operated for HD at our center during the period 1969 to 1989. In 2007, the validated instruments for assessing QoL, the SF-36 health survey and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI), were sent to the 47 patients still alive at the time of the study. A retrospective review of the patient records was also done. RESULTS:: Forty-two patients returned both questionnaires (89% response rate) at the median age of 28.5 (range 18-45) years. The median clinical follow-up time was 5.7 years (range 5 months-23 years). At the last clinical control, 4 (9%) patients had a terminal enterostomy, 12 (29%) had soiling, 5 (12%) had constipation, and 2 (5%) experienced recurrent enterocolitis. In contrast to males, the subscores for females were lower for general health and mental health than for an age- and sex-matched general population (P < 0.05). Patients having aganglionosis to the right colon had lower GIQLI scores than those with aganglionosis to the left colon (P < 0.05). In multivariate linear regression analysis, female sex was the only factor associated with lower GIQLI score (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:: The long-term QoL of adults operated for Hirschsprung disease in their youth is satisfactory. Female scores were lower for general and mental health, compared with the matched control group. The study indicates that the longer the aganglionic segment, the greater its impact on QoL in later life.
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| 16. |
- Hultcrantz, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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From evidence to policy on a national level : supporting the government’s role in a learning healthcare system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. - 1469-493X. ; 9, s. 190-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In August 2018, the Swedish government appointed a special investigator to support a national ecosystem for evidence-based healthcare. In November 2019, the inquiry received an additional task now focusing on follow-up to enable a more strategic, evidence-based and long-term sustainable management of health care on a national level. Since healthcare systems around the world face similar challenges, we believe the results of the investigation are highly relevant for a broader audience.Objectives: To analyze how governmental agencies can better support a comprehensive follow-up of health care and thereby create a learning system on a national level. This includes following the effects of the government’s initiatives and reforms and analyzing where future governmental interventions are needed.Methods: The investigator and her team have worked with an expert committee including representatives of governmental agencies, healthcare professions and healthcare providers, as well as a reference group of patient representatives. Additional information has been collected through questionnaires, workshops and meetings with stakeholders and other governmental inquiries working on related topics. Background information was collected from published research, governmental reports, existing regulations etc.Results: Although roughly estimated more than 1000 full-time government employees work with followup in Sweden, the quality, effectiveness and equity in health care is not improving at the anticipated rate. Our findings suggest that a co-ordination of the different initiatives is a prerequisite for creating a learning system on a national level. Key challenges arise in the interface between evidence and policy. At the Colloquium, we will present possible solutions to these challenges using the Swedish healthcare system as an example.Conclusions: Although a lot of efforts are made in conducting and developing methods for evidence generation, implementation and follow-up, it is apparent that the full value for patients is not reached. Facilitators are needed for a learning system on a national level, where the government’s initiatives efficiently contribute to an increased quality, effectiveness and equity in health care. Sharing experiences from national efforts can be one way of increasing the understanding of what these facilitators are. Patient or healthcare consumer involvement: We have received valuable input through regular meetings with a reference group of six representatives from different patient organizations throughout the work. The expert committee linked to the investigation also included a patient representative adding important perspectives to the discussions.
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| 17. |
- Larsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Kulthuset i Uppåkra
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ragnarok : Odins Verden. ; , s. 107-118
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Larsson, Måns, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-season correspondence dataset for robust semantic segmentation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. - 1063-6919. ; 2019-June, s. 9524-9534
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a method to utilize 2D-2D point matches between images taken during different image conditions to train a convolutional neural network for semantic segmentation. Enforcing label consistency across the matches makes the final segmentation algorithm robust to seasonal changes. We describe how these 2D-2D matches can be generated with little human interaction by geometrically matching points from 3D models built from images. Two cross-season correspondence datasets are created providing 2D-2D matches across seasonal changes as well as from day to night. The datasets are made publicly available to facilitate further research. We show that adding the correspondences as extra supervision during training improves the segmentation performance of the convolutional neural network, making it more robust to seasonal changes and weather conditions.
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| 20. |
- Larsson, Måns, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Fine-Grained Segmentation Networks: Self-Supervised Segmentation for Improved Long-Term Visual Localization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. - 1550-5499. ; 2019-October:October, s. 31-41
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term visual localization is the problem of estimating the camera pose of a given query image in a scene whose appearance changes over time. It is an important problem in practice, for example, encountered in autonomous driving. In order to gain robustness to such changes, long-term localization approaches often use segmantic segmentations as an invariant scene representation, as the semantic meaning of each scene part should not be affected by seasonal and other changes. However, these representations are typically not very discriminative due to the limited number of available classes. In this paper, we propose a new neural network, the Fine-Grained Segmentation Network (FGSN), that can be used to provide image segmentations with a larger number of labels and can be trained in a self-supervised fashion. In addition, we show how FGSNs can be trained to output consistent labels across seasonal changes. We demonstrate through extensive experiments that integrating the fine-grained segmentations produced by our FGSNs into existing localization algorithms leads to substantial improvements in localization performance.
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| 21. |
- Laurenius, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in eating behaviour and meal pattern following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
- 2012
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 36:3, s. 348-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Little is known about eating behaviour and meal pattern subsequent to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), knowledge important for the nutritional care process. The objective of the study was to obtain basic information of how meal size, eating rate, meal frequency and eating behaviour change upon the RYGB surgery.Materials and methods:Voluntary chosen meal size and eating rate were measured in a longitudinal, within subject, cohort study of 43 patients, 31 women and 12 men, age 42.6 (s.d. 9.7) years, body mass index (BMI) 44.5 (4.9) kgm(-2). Thirty-one non-obese subjects, 37.8 (13.6) years, BMI 23.7 (2.7) kgm(-2) served as a reference group. All subjects completed a meal pattern questionnaire and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21).Results:Six weeks postoperatively meal size was 42% of the preoperative meal size, (P<0.001). After 1 and 2 years, meal size increased but was still lower than preoperative size 57% (P<0.001) and 66% (P<0.001), respectively. Mean meal duration was constant before and after surgery. Mean eating rate measured as amount consumed food per minute was 45% of preoperative eating rate 6 weeks postoperatively (P<0.001). After 1 and 2 years, eating rate increased to 65% (P<0.001) and 72% (P<0.001), respectively, of preoperative rate. Number of meals per day increased from 4.9 (95% confidence interval, 4.4,5.4) preoperatively to 6 weeks: 5.2 (4.9,5.6), (not significant), 1 year 5.8 (5.5,6.1), (P=0.003), and 2 years 5.4 (5.1,5.7), (not significant). Emotional and uncontrolled eating were significantly decreased postoperatively, (both P<0.001 at all-time points), while cognitive restraint was only transiently increased 6 weeks postoperatively (P=0.011).Conclusions:Subsequent to RYGB, patients display markedly changed eating behaviour and meal patterns, which may lead to sustained weight loss.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 29 November 2011; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.217.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Sandgren, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Widespread changes in neurotransmitter expression and number of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal in lethal spotted mice: an explanation for persisting dysmotility after operation for Hirschsprung's disease?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - 1573-2568. ; 47:5, s. 1049-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gastrointestinal motor dysfunction persists in a large number of children subjected to surgical treatment for Hirschsprung's disease, indicating abnormalities in the remaining intestine. The aim of the study was to detect possible alterations in frequency and topographic distribution of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal in an experimental model (the lethal spotted mouse displaying a short rectal aganglionosis) for Hirschsprung's disease. Specimens from the intestinal tract from homozygous (aganglionic) and heterozygous (healthy littermates) were examined using histochemistry, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. In ileum and colon, ie, regions proximal to the aganglionosis, changes in the expression of neuropeptides and neuronal nitric oxide synthase and in the number of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal could be detected in homozygous versus heterozygous mice. The described changes are suggested to contribute to the dysmotility remaining after surgical resection of the aganglionic segment in Hirschsprung's disease.
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| 26. |
- Shen, Zhenxin, et al.
(författare)
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chromogranin A and B in neuronal elements in Hirschsprung´s disease : an immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3468 .- 1531-5037. ; 29:10, s. 1293-1301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromogranin A and B (CAB) occur in several peptide hormone-producing cells and in neurons of the brain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible neuronal localization of these chromogranins in the ganglionic and aganglionic bowel in Hirschsprung's disease by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay, using antibodies recognizing either chromogranin A or both chromogranin A and B. Further, the coexistence of chromogranins and other neuronal constituents was studied. CAB were found in nerve fibers and occasionally in nerve cell bodies of submucous and myenteric ganglia in the ganglionic bowel, indicating that at least a population of chromogranin-immunoreactive nerve fibers is intrinsic in origin. CAB-immunoreactive fibers were numerous in the muscle layers of the aganglionic segment. These fibers contained tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which indicates that they are adrenergic, in both ganglionic and aganglionic bowel. In the muscle layers of aganglionic (but not ganglionic) bowel, chromogranin A coexisted with galanin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The concentration of CAB in smooth muscle specimens was higher in the aganglionic bowel than in the ganglionic bowel. Thus, chromogranins are present in the human enteric gut hyperinnervating the aganglionic bowel of Hirschsprung's disease.
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| 27. |
- Sjöström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish Obese Subjects Study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The lancet oncology. - 1474-5488. ; 10:7, s. 653-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cancer. Intentional weight loss in the obese might protect against malignancy, but evidence is limited. To our knowledge, the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study is the first intervention trial in the obese population to provide prospective, controlled cancer-incidence data. METHODS: The SOS study started in 1987 and involved 2010 obese patients (body-mass index [BMI] >or=34 kg/m(2) in men, and >or=38 kg/m(2) in women) who underwent bariatric surgery and 2037 contemporaneously matched obese controls, who received conventional treatment. While the main endpoint of SOS was overall mortality, the main outcome of this exploratory report was cancer incidence until Dec 31, 2005. Cancer follow-up rate was 99.9% and the median follow-up time was 10.9 years (range 0-18.1 years). FINDINGS: Bariatric surgery resulted in a sustained mean weight reduction of 19.9 kg (SD 15.6 kg) over 10 years, whereas the mean weight change in controls was a gain of 1.3 kg (SD 13.7 kg). The number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=117) than in the control group (n=169; HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.85, p=0.0009). The sex-treatment interaction p value was 0.054. In women, the number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=79) than in the control group (n=130; HR 0.58, 0.44-0.77; p=0.0001), whereas there was no effect of surgery in men (38 in the surgery group vs 39 in the control group; HR 0.97, 0.62-1.52; p=0.90). Similar results were obtained after exclusion of all cancer cases during the first 3 years of the intervention. INTERPRETATION: Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced cancer incidence in obese women but not in obese men. FUNDING: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Swedish Federal Government under the LUA/ALF agreement, Hoffmann La Roche, Cederoths, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Ethicon Endosurgery.
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| 28. |
- Sjöström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 357:8, s. 741-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased mortality. Weight loss improves cardiovascular risk factors, but no prospective interventional studies have reported whether weight loss decreases overall mortality. In fact, many observational studies suggest that weight reduction is associated with increased mortality. METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study involved 4047 obese subjects. Of these subjects, 2010 underwent bariatric surgery (surgery group) and 2037 received conventional treatment (matched control group). We report on overall mortality during an average of 10.9 years of follow-up. At the time of the analysis (November 1, 2005), vital status was known for all but three subjects (follow-up rate, 99.9%). RESULTS: The average weight change in control subjects was less than +/-2% during the period of up to 15 years during which weights were recorded. Maximum weight losses in the surgical subgroups were observed after 1 to 2 years: gastric bypass, 32%; vertical-banded gastroplasty, 25%; and banding, 20%. After 10 years, the weight losses from baseline were stabilized at 25%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. There were 129 deaths in the control group and 101 deaths in the surgery group. The unadjusted overall hazard ratio was 0.76 in the surgery group (P=0.04), as compared with the control group, and the hazard ratio adjusted for sex, age, and risk factors was 0.71 (P=0.01). The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction (control group, 25 subjects; surgery group, 13 subjects) and cancer (control group, 47; surgery group, 29). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery for severe obesity is associated with long-term weight loss and decreased overall mortality.
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| 29. |
- Sjövie, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Postoperative gastrostomy site leakage correlated to the dimension of the gastrostomy button in children
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology Insights. - : MDPI AG. - 2036-7422 .- 2036-7414. ; Vol 2:No 2, s. 34-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The laparoscopic placement of gastrostomy buttons for feeding tubes is the preferred method of gastrostomy in children with feeding requirements. This intervention often leads to some minor postoperative problems, including gastrostomy site leakage. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that the postoperative leakage after a video-assisted gastrostomy is correlated to the dimension of the gastrostomy button used during the oper - ation. Included in the study were 164 children with nutritional problems who consecutively underwent surgery; they had a video-assisted gastrostomy operation. In the first 87 children, a 14 French (Fr) gastrostomy button was used and in the last 77, a 12 Fr button was used. After the operation, the children were followed up prospectively and all complications were documented according to the study protocol. Our study revealed a significant correlation between the dimension of the gastrostomy button and the postoperative leakage at the gastrostomy site. The rate of leakage at the gastrostomy site was 37% in the children who had 14 Fr gastrostomy buttons compared to 18% (P=0.038) in the children who had 12 Fr gastrostomy buttons, during the first six months postoperatively. These results suggest that postoperative gastrostomy site leakage was significantly higher in children who had 14 Fr gastrostomy buttons than in those with 12 Fr buttons. To avoid this complication, 12 Fr gastro stomy buttons should be used.
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| 30. |
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