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Sökning: WFRF:(Larsson Lotta)

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1.
  • Apitzsch, Sabine, et al. (författare)
  • The physical and mental impact of surviving sepsis – a qualitative study of experiences and perceptions among a Swedish sample
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 79:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Sepsis is a critical illness with high morbidity and mortality rates. Each year, sepsis affects about 48.9 million people all over the world. This study aims to illuminate how sepsis survivors experience sepsis and the impact of sepsis, as well as the health-related quality of life thereafter. Methods: An interview study with eight sepsis survivors was carried out in Sweden with an inductive qualitative method. The data were analyzed with content analysis. Results: Four themes were identified during the analysis; The experience of health care and being a sepsis patient, New circumstances´ impact on life, Family and social interactions, and The psychological impact on life. The lack of information about how sepsis can impact the survivors’ lives and what to expect can lead to prolonged agony. The long recovery time comes as an unexpected and unpleasant surprise to those affected. Initially, the sepsis survivors are almost euphoric that they have survived, which can later lead to chock and trauma when they realize that they could have died. This insight needs to be processed in order to reach reconciliation with life after sepsis. Conclusion: Sepsis has a huge impact on both physical and mental aspects of life. Many survivors suffer from persistent residual symptoms of varying degrees, to which they have to adapt. The sepsis survivors need individually adjusted information about the sepsis recovery trajectory, and what to expect during and after the hospital stay.
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  • Pivodic, Aldina, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Validation of DIGIROP models and decision support tool for prediction of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity on a contemporary Swedish cohort
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 107:8, s. 1132-1138
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Aims Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is currently diagnosed through repeated eye examinations to find the low percentage of infants that fulfil treatment criteria to reduce vision loss. A prediction model for severe ROP requiring treatment that might sensitively and specifically identify infants that develop severe ROP, DIGIROP-Birth, was developed using birth characteristics. DIGIROP-Screen additionally incorporates first signs of ROP in different models over time. The aim was to validate DIGIROP-Birth, DIGIROP-Screen and their decision support tool on a contemporary Swedish cohort. Methods Data were retrieved from the Swedish national registry for ROP (2018-2019) and two Swedish regions (2020), including 1082 infants born at gestational age (GA) 24 to <31 weeks. The predictors were GA at birth, sex, standardised birth weight and age at the first sign of ROP. The outcome was ROP treatment. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with 95% CI were described. Results For DIGIROP-Birth, the AUC was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.95); for DIGIROP-Screen, it ranged between 0.93 and 0.97. The specificity was 49.9% (95% CI 46.7 to 53.0) and the sensitivity was 96.5% (95% CI 87.9 to 99.6) for the tool applied at birth. For DIGIROP-Screen, the cumulative specificity ranged between 50.0% and 78.7%. One infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome who fulfilled criteria for ROP treatment and had no missed/incomplete examinations was incorrectly flagged as not needing screening. Conclusions DIGIROP-Birth and DIGIROP-Screen showed high predictive ability in a contemporary Swedish cohort. At birth, 50% of the infants born at 24 to <31 weeks of gestation were predicted to have low risk of severe ROP and could potentially be released from ROP screening examinations. All routinely screened treated infants, excluding those screened for clinical indications of severe illness, were correctly flagged as needing ROP screening.
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  • Adelmann, Kenneth, et al. (författare)
  • Språkutveckling, medier och demokrati
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Medie- och informationskunnighet i Norden. - Göteborg : Nordicom. - 9789186523886 ; , s. 117-129
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Adelmann, Kent, et al. (författare)
  • Språkutveckling, medier och demokrati
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Medie- och informationskunnighet i Norden. - : Nordicom. - 9789186523886 ; , s. 117-121
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Vi som har skrivit denna artikel är alla verksamma inom forskningsmiljön Svenska med didaktisk inriktning (SMDI) vid Malmö högskola. Frågor om språkutveckling i bred bemärkelse står här i centrum. För närvarande är vi engagerade i projektet ”SMDI och lärande i medielandskapet 2.0”. Vår teoretiska plattform kan beskrivas som medieekologisk, vilket kortfattat uttryckt innebär att vi är intresserade av de mångfaldiga och komplexa relationerna mellan medier och kommunikativa kompetenser (Elmfeldt & Erixon 2007; Erixon 2012; Hayles 2002). Dessa relationer förstås därför inte, som så ofta annars i skolsammanhang, i termer av enkelriktad påverkan eller effekter (exempelvis datorns och internets negativa inverkan på skriftspråket). Vår huvudpoäng i denna artikel är att medie- och informationskunnighet, MIK, handlar om, borde handla om, framför allt två saker: språkutveckling och demokrati.
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  • Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • High turnover rate of Escherichia coli strains in the intestinal flora of infants in Pakistan.
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Epidemiology and infection. - 0950-2688. ; 121:3, s. 587-98
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Escherichia coli flora of infants in developed countries is dominated by one or a few strains which persist for prolonged periods of time, but no longitudinal studies have been performed in developing countries. To this end, we studied the rectal enterobacterial flora in 22 home-delivered Pakistani infants during their first 6 months of life. Three colonies were isolated and species typed on each of 11 sampling occasions. E. coli isolates were strain typed using electromorphic typing of cytoplasmic enzymes, and their O serogroups were determined. There was a very rapid turnover of enterobacterial strains in the rectal flora of individual infants. On average, 8.5 different E. coli strains were found per infant, and several biotypes of other enterobacteria. Less than 50% of the infants were colonized with E. coli from their mothers, but strains of maternal origin were four times more likely to persists in the infants' flora than other E. coli strains. Enterobacteria other than E. coli were always of non-maternal origin, and Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae biotypes recovered from contaminated feeds were later identified in the infants' rectal flora. An early colonization with klebsiella or enterobacter was significantly associated with diarrhoea during the neonatal period, although these bacteria were not likely to be the cause of the disease. The results suggest that poor hygienic conditions result in an unstable and diverse enterobacterial flora, which may influence infant health.
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  • Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Interaction of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli with human meconium.
  • 1991
  • Ingår i: FEMS microbiology letters. - 0378-1097. ; 68:1, s. 57-62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ability of Escherichia coli with different receptor specificities to interact with meconium was studied. E. coli strains expressing P-fimbriae, specific for Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta-containing receptors, were agglutinated by meconium at high titres. This reaction was inhibited by globotetraosylceramide. The attachment of P-fimbriated E. coli to human colonic epithelial cells of the HT-29 cell line was inhibited by meconium. Some type 1 fimbriated strains were agglutinated by meconium, but the agglutination was rarely blocked by methyl alpha-D-mannoside. The attachment by type 1 fimbriated strains to HT-29 cells was reduced by meconium only in some cases. These results suggest that meconium interacts with the P-fimbriae of E. coli, in a way that may influence bacterial colonization of the neonatal intestine.
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  • Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Intestinal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish hospital-delivered infants.
  • 1991
  • Ingår i: Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-656X. ; 80:6-7, s. 602-10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rectal cultures from Swedish and Pakistani hospital-delivered newborn infants were analysed regarding the early acquisition of enterobacteria. Swedish infants were delivered vaginally, Pakistani infants were delivered either vaginally or by caesarean section. The Swedish infants were all breast-fed, whereas breastfeeding was incomplete and often started late among the Pakistani infants. Both groups of Pakistani infants were more rapidly colonized with enterobacteria than were the Swedish infants. Cultures from Swedish infants seldom yielded more than one kind of enterobacteria; E. coli and Klebsiella were most frequently isolated. E. coli dominated in both Pakistani groups, but especially caesarean section delivered infants were in addition often colonized with Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Citrobacter species. Breastfeeding from the first day of life reduced colonization with Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Citrobacter. The results suggest that environmental exposure, delivery mode and early feeding habits all influence the early intestinal colonization with enterobacteria.
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  • Ahlstrom, Linda, et al. (författare)
  • Return to work from long-term sick leave : a five-year prospective study of the importance of adjustment latitudes at work and home
  • 2014
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • BackgroundAdjustment latitude among employees, i.e. adjusting work to individual’s health capacity, has been associated with successful return to work (RTW) in cross-sectional studies. The aim is to investigate the long-term importance of adjustment latitude at the workplace and at home, as well as attitudes (own and colleagues) for increased work ability (WA), working degree (WD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among female human service workers (HSW) on long-term sick leave in Sweden.MethodsA cohort of female HSW (n=324) on long-term sick leave (>60 day) received a questionnaire at four times (0, 6, 12, 60 months). Prevalence ratios (PR) were used to examine possible relationships between explanatory factors and outcomes. Linear mixed models were used for longitudinal analysis of the repeated measurements of WA Score (0-10), WD (0-100%) and HRQoL (0-100). Analyses were performed with different models; the explanatory variables for each model were adjustment latitude, attitudes towards breaks at work, shared or single household and amount of household work.ResultHaving more adjustment latitude at work was associated with both increased WA and RTW compared to having few adjustment latitude opportunities. Adjustments related to working-pace were strongly associated with increased WD (PR 3.29(95%CI=1.71-6.26)), as were adjustments to working-place. Having opportunities to take short breaks at work, and a general acceptance at work to take short breaks was associated with increased WA. At home, a higher responsibility for household work (PR 1.98(95%CI=1.33-2.95)) was related to increased WA and RTW. Individuals with possibilities for adjustment latitude, especially pace and place, at work, and an acceptance to take breaks at work, increased in WA score significantly more over time and had higher WA score compared with individuals not having such opportunities at work. These prospective results were similar for the outcome WD and HRQoL.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of possibilities for adjustment latitude at work and at home, as well as accepting attitudes to take short breaks to increase WA and RTW among female human service workers previously on long-term sick leave.
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  • Almén, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • The Influence of the Designer on the Risk of Falling from Heights and of Exposure to Excessive Workloads on two Contruction Sites
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Safety Science Monitor. - 1443-8844. ; 16:1, s. 2-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Workers on construction sites are exposed to an excessive risk of being injured at work. This study identifies occupational hazards on two construction sites – hazards that were related to the design of the building – and undertakes an analysis of the basis upon which related design decisions were made.Risks of falling from heights were related to the shape of the building. Risks related to an excessive workload were related to the weight of building products and possibilities to use equipment to avoid manual transports.The hazards were discussed at focus group meetings. During these meetings, the participants showed an increased understanding of safety issues in the project, each other's views and difficulties, and their own ability to facilitate acceptable risk levels for others.Some hazards were not foreseen during the design and planning phase. According to the architects, their knowledge about construction methods was not sufficient to predict hazards related to the shape of the building.Other hazards were foreseen, though considered to be primarily the contractor's responsibility. Consultants in the design and planning phase, on behalf of the client, were focused on quality, time schedule and economy, more than on occupational safety. There were building products on the market which were designed to fulfil functional regulatory requirements and requests from consumers, but not sufficient enough to ensure that they could be handled without exposure to an excessive workload. The demands and routines in the project did not ensure that project-specific hazard information was given to the contractor. 
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  • Andersson, Mathias, et al. (författare)
  • Management Measures to Reduce Continuous Underwater Noise from Shipping
  • 2023
  • Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Underwater radiated noise (URN) from commercial ships is a significant source of elevated noise levels in the oceans and can have a negative impact on marine wildlife. Noise from commercial shipping places additional stress on the oceans, but is one of the least studied environmental pollutants, and there is an urgent need to reduce the aggregate stress levels. Until recently, reduction of underwater noise has not been prioritised by ship designers, shipowners, or crews. Even within the field of marine management, noise has received limited interest. However, the International Maritime organization (IMO) has adopted global guidelines on URN reduction, which are currently being updated. Within the EU, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD 2008/56/EC) Descriptor 11 criteria 11.2, now provides a framework for marine administrators to manage noise by establishing threshold values. Marine management focuses on the total noise load on the marine environment. Management entails several considerations before recommendations can be made. As a first step, interdisciplinary teams need to assess the aggregated noise levels and determine acceptable thresholds based on the local ecosystem, then assess which existing mandates and management tools can be used, and finally assess how effective these mandates have been in improving the environment. These activities must also be managed in a way that is acceptable to various relevant stakeholders, who would need to follow the decisions. The URN from a ship can be affected by the vessel’s design, either during its construction or during upgrades, and balances a trade-off against fuel efficiency. However, the URN can also depend on how the ship is operated. Regulating ship speed is one potential management tool, and its effectiveness needs to be assessed. Other management measures include how shipping lanes are drawn, areas to avoid, financial support, information, etc. This report focuses on possible policy measures that the Swedish authorities could adopt to lower URN by regulating the speed of ships. The report presents an interdisciplinary analysis, using a case study of an area in the southern Kattegat that covered several maritime zones, different national jurisdictions, intensive traffic, and high natural values. An important part of the work was to assess whether existing source models for ship noise could be used for the type of ships that are common in waters around Sweden. In this study, the JOMOPANS-ECHO (J-E) model was used.The J-E model was validated by comparing measurement data from a hydrophone station at Vinga on the Swedish coast that collected data from ships (254 passages) that used the port of Gothenburg. The analysis showed some deviation between the J-E model and measurement data, which could be due to differences in the length and speed of ships in waters around Sweden compared to the ships used in the development of the J-E model. However, this was likely to have negligible impact on the outcome of the case study.Analyses of ship traffic in 2021 showed that 4,511 unique vessels visited the study area at least once. Most ships followed the main routes, but no part of the study area was completely free from ship traffic. About 68% of the ships visited the study area for 1-4 days, while about 32% visited the area more regularly. The most common ship types were General Cargo Ships, Dry Bulk Ships, and Tankers. The ships that on average travelled at highest speeds were RoPax Ships, RoRo Ships, Vehicle Carriers, and Container Ships. The ships were registered in 64 countries. About two percent of the ships were registered in Sweden and about four percent in Denmark.Legal analysis showed that Sweden has the right and the responsibility to take measures to reduce underwater noise from ships to the extent that the noise can be deemed to pollute the marine environment. However, this mainly applies to Sweden’s territorial seas, which cover roughly half the area being studied for this report. In the portion that constitutes Danish territorial sea, Denmark has comparable opportunities for managing URN. In areas that are Swedish or Danish exclusive economic zones (EEZs), the ability to introduce mandatory speed limits is significantly limited. There, the most realistic option would be to request the IMO to establish speed limits, or alternatively to issue a recommendation to navigate at lower speeds, although such guidance could not be enforced on ships that do not voluntarily reduce their speed.It was estimated that lowering the ships' speeds to a hypothetical limit of 11 kn would reduce the average URN levels by 4.4 ± 2 dB, as registered by local receivers in the study area. This speed limit would affect approximately 44% of the ships in the area. A maximum speed of 13 kn would instead reduce the level by 1.9 ± 0.5 dB and would affect 11% of the ships on average. The reduction in noise levels may temporarily be much higher in the immediate vicinity of individual fast ships, and there might be a high degree of variation between different ships.The study and report make it clear that it is a complex task to assess the feasibility and benefit of introducing a specific marine management tool, in this case an enforceable local speed limit. But it is also clear that there are reliable methods to make the preliminary assessments, and that it requires interdisciplinary analyses and competence.
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  • Bahnan, Wael, et al. (författare)
  • Spike-Dependent Opsonization Indicates Both Dose-Dependent Inhibition of Phagocytosis and That Non-Neutralizing Antibodies Can Confer Protection to SARS-CoV-2
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spike-specific antibodies are central to effective COVID19 immunity. Research efforts have focused on antibodies that neutralize the ACE2-Spike interaction but not on non-neutralizing antibodies. Antibody-dependent phagocytosis is an immune mechanism enhanced by opsonization, where typically, more bound antibodies trigger a stronger phagocyte response. Here, we show that Spike-specific antibodies, dependent on concentration, can either enhance or reduce Spike-bead phagocytosis by monocytes independently of the antibody neutralization potential. Surprisingly, we find that both convalescent patient plasma and patient-derived monoclonal antibodies lead to maximum opsonization already at low levels of bound antibodies and is reduced as antibody binding to Spike protein increases. Moreover, we show that this Spike-dependent modulation of opsonization correlate with the outcome in an experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These results suggest that the levels of anti-Spike antibodies could influence monocyte-mediated immune functions and propose that non-neutralizing antibodies could confer protection to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mediating phagocytosis.
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  • Bendtzen, Klaus, et al. (författare)
  • Behandling af reumatoid artrit med anti-tumornekrosefaktor-alpha-antistof. Individuel monitorering af biotilgaengelighed og immunogenicitet-- sekundaerpublikation
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Ugeskrift for Laeger. - 0041-5782. ; 169:5, s. 420-423
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Remicade/infliximab is effective in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but response failure is frequent. Sera from 106 RA patients were monitored using an RIA for functional infliximab and an RIA for anti-infliximab antibody (Ab). S-infliximab varied considerably, e.g. 0-22 microg/ml before the 3rd infusion, and 44% were Ab-positive after 6 months. Low s-infliximab was associated with Ab development and later therapeutic failure, and high Ab levels could be related to dose increases, side-effects and cessation of therapy. Pharmacological monitoring should help optimize anti-TNF therapies.
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  • Bendtzen, Klaus, et al. (författare)
  • Individualized monitoring of drug bioavailability and immunogenicity in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with the tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor infliximab
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 54:12, s. 3782-3789
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. Infliximab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF alpha) antibody, is effective in the treatment of several immunoinflammatory diseases. However, many patients experience primary or secondary response failure, suggesting that individualization of treatment regimens may be beneficial. This study was undertaken to investigate whether serologic monitoring of infliximab bioavailability and immunogenicity in individual patients would be useful in optimizing treatment regimens to improve efficacy and tolerability. Methods. To avoid the use of solid-phase assays, two radioimmunoassays were developed: one for measurement of levels of anti-infliximab antibody, and a functional one for measurement of TNF alpha binding due to infliximab. Sera from 106 randomly selected rheumatoid arthritis patients were tested within 6 months of therapy initiation, and associations between findings of serum assays and disease activity, infusion reactions, and treatment failure occurring within 18 months were assessed. Results. Trough serum infliximab levels after the first 2 intravenous infusions of infliximab at 3 mg/kg varied considerably between patients (range 0-22 mu g/ml). At this stage, only 13% of the patients were anti-infliximab antibody positive. With subsequent infusions, the frequency of antibody positivity rose to 30% and 44% (at 3 months and 6 months, respectively), accompanied by diminished trough levels of infliximab. Indeed, low infliximab levels at 1.5 months predicted antibody development and later treatment failure. There were highly significant correlations between high levels of antibodies and later dose increases, side effects, and cessation of therapy. High baseline disease activity, judged by C-reactive protein level and Disease Activity Score, was associated with low levels of infliximab at the early stage of treatment and later development of anti-infliximab antibodies. Cotreatment with methotrexate resulted in slightly reduced antibody levels after 6 months; other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and prednisolone had no effect. Conclusion. Development of anti-infliximab antibodies, heralded by low preinfusion serum infliximab levels, is associated with increased risk of infusion reaction and treatment failure. Early monitoring may help optimize dosing regimens for individual patients, diminish side effects, and prevent prolonged use of inadequate infliximab therapy.
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  • Bjerselius, Rickard, et al. (författare)
  • Persistenta organiska miljöföroreningar i fisk från Östersjöregionen 2000-2002
  • 2004
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) are still an environmental problem in Sweden, although the use and production of PCBs have been banned for decades and the release of PCDD/DFs have decreased significantly. In general, the concentrations in food have declined since the 1970s. However, in fish from some parts of the Baltic Sea, the decline of PCBs and PCDD/DFs appears to have ceased in the 1990s (Bignert, 2002). For risk assessment purposes, the Swedish National Food Administration has conducted a fish survey 2000-2002 of levels of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs), PCBs, PCDD/DFs and persistent pesticides, in fish from the Baltic Sea region. Also polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), ubiquitously used flame retardants, have been added to this list because of results suggesting the PBDE group as candidate for a new environmental hazard. The aim is to get relevant data to be used in the continuous evaluation of the dietary recommendations and to follow changes in the levels of these environmental contaminants in fish. The ambition is to use the data as a basis for intake estimations for human body burdens and compare with internationally established tolerable weekly intakes (TWI). In addition, in November 2001, the European Commission (EC) published legislation aimed at achieving a reduction in human exposure to PCDD/DFs and PCBs (Council Regulation 2375/01/EC). One of the strategies to reduce the human exposure for PCDD/DFs and dioxin-like PCBs has been to set maximum levels for PCDD/DFs in foodstuffs. Sweden and Finland currently have a derogation from the Council regulation that allows national marketing of fish that exceed the maximum level for PCDD/DF. The legislation came into force from 1 July 2002. The Council Regulation also carries with it an obligation for Member States to monitor the levels of dioxin-like PCBs and PCDD/DFs in foodstuffs and to report the levels to the EC. These data will ultimately be used to both review the maximum limits and measure the effectiveness of the reduction strategy and set new maximum limits. For example, during 2004 the Commission is planning to set maximum levels for dioxin-like PCBs based on reported background levels from the member states. The following report includes results from parts of the sampling carried out in the Baltic Sea area in 2000-2002. Only results of PCBs, persistent pesticides, PBDEs and HBCD are reported here. The corresponding PCDD/DF levels are reported on www.slv.se in three interim reports.
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22.
  • Björkesten, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Stability of Proteins in Dried Blood Spot Biobanks.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 16:7, s. 1286-1296
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An important motivation for the construction of biobanks is to discover biomarkers that identify diseases at early, potentially curable stages. This will require biobanks from large numbers of individuals, preferably sampled repeatedly, where the samples are collected and stored under conditions that preserve potential biomarkers. Dried blood samples are attractive for biobanking because of the ease and low cost of collection and storage. Here we have investigated their suitability for protein measurements. 92 proteins with relevance for oncology were analyzed using multiplex proximity extension assays (PEA) in dried blood spots collected on paper and stored for up to 30 years at either +4°C or -24°C. Our main findings were that 1) the act of drying only slightly influenced detection of blood proteins (average correlation of 0.970), and in a reproducible manner (correlation of 0.999), 2) detection of some proteins was not significantly affected by storage over the full range of three decades (34% and 76% of the analyzed proteins at +4°C and -24°C, respectively), while levels of others decreased slowly during storage with half-lives in the range of 10 to 50 years, and 3) detectability of proteins was less affected in dried samples stored at -24°C compared to at +4°C, as the median protein abundance had decreased to 80% and 93% of starting levels after 10 years of storage at +4°C or -24°C, respectively. The results of our study are encouraging as they suggest an inexpensive means to collect large numbers of blood samples, even by the donors themselves, and to transport, and store biobanked samples as spots of whole blood dried on paper. Combined with emerging means to measure hundreds or thousands of protein, such biobanks could prove of great medical value by greatly enhancing discovery as well as routine analysis of blood biomarkers.
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23.
  • Borg Skoglund, Lotta, et al. (författare)
  • ADHD hos vuxna – historia, epidemiologi och neurobiologi : [ADHD in adults - history, epidemiology, and neuroscience]
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ADHD beskrivs i litteraturen från 1700-talet. Diagnosen har förändrats i takt med reviderade diagnossystem.ADHD är vanligt och förekommer hos 5–7 procent av ungdomar och 2–3 procent av vuxna.ADHD beror på en kombination av genetiska och miljömässiga faktorer.De strukturella och funktionella skillnader som påvisas i hjärnan vid ADHD används inte i diagnostiskt syfte.ADHD är en dimensionell diagnos, och även personer med »subtröskel-problematik« uppvisar symtom och funktionsnedsättning.Odiagnostiserad och obehandlad ADHD riskerar att ge allvarliga konsekvenser för individen och stora kostnader för samhället.ADHD kan behandlas säkert och effektivt hos de flesta vuxna.
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24.
  • Bäckström, Mattias, 1974-, et al. (författare)
  • Properties of alkaline materials for injection into weathered mine waste piles : methods and initial pilot trials
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Mine water. - Aachen : RWTH. - 9783000355431 ; , s. 265-269
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several alkaline materials were studied with regards to their ability to form stable suspensions withwater. Gravitational injection of alkaline materials were performed into weathered mine waste in two differentpilot scales (25 L and 1 000 L). When water was added after injection lime mud (LM) was flushed out whilelime kiln dust (LKD) and green liqour (GLD) remained within the mine waste. Deconstruction of the pilot sys-tems showed that both materials had penetrated the voids present. LKD and GLD increased pH significantlyand reduced trace metal concentratios. It is concluded that both LKD and GLD are suitable for stabilizing acidgenerating mine waste.
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26.
  • C Kapetanovic, Meliha, et al. (författare)
  • Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) decreases in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with infliximab or etanercept.
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Arthritis Research and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6362 .- 1465-9905. ; 5:4, s. 181-185
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Changes in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) were studied during a 6-month period from initiation of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with either infliximab or etanercept, to elucidate whether the favourable results of tissue protection reported in clinical trials are corroborated by changing levels of circulating COMP. Rheumatoid arthritis patients commencing treatment with infliximab (N = 32) or etanercept (N = 17) were monitored in accordance with a structured protocol. Only patients who were not receiving glucocorticoids or who were on a stable dose of oral prednisolone (<10 mg daily) were included. Serum COMP was measured by a sandwich immunoassay based on two monoclonal antibodies against human COMP in samples obtained at treatment initiation and at 3 and 6 months. Serum COMP decreased at 3 months in both infliximab- and etanercept-treated patients (P < 0.001 and <0.005, respectively) and remained low at 6 months. There was no significant correlation between changes in or concentrations of serum COMP and serum C-reactive protein at any time point. A decrease in serum COMP was seen both in ACR20 responders (patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology criteria for 20% improvement) and in nonresponders. The pattern of changes of serum COMP, a marker for cartilage turnover, in these patient groups supports the interpretation that infliximab and etanercept have a joint protective effect. Serum COMP has potential as a useful marker for evaluating tissue effects of novel treatment modalities in rheumatoid arthritis.
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27.
  • Carlsson-Kanyama, Annika, et al. (författare)
  • Odla under tak i eller nära bostaden
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Within a project called “The sustainable greenhouse as a complement to buildings” financed by the Delegation of sustainable cities in Sweden, researchers, consultants and students have during 2013 developed, tested and evaluated various solutions for cultivating under roofs in or close to dwellings. We included solutions such as cultivating a plot in a rooftop greenhouse, a circular cultivation balcony or to cultivate in one’s kitchen or living room using a fish and vegetable furniture, a green wall, a green lamp or a green frame attached to the wall. The practical trials were preceded by a literature survey that described good examples of cultivation under roofs in various cities around the world.The results show that here are many inspiring examples of cultivating under roofs in cities and that such cultivation has gained some momentum. Our practical trials show among others that urban agriculture seems challenging and appealing for many but that the solutions that we have tested seem to be too expensive and partly also too time-consuming. Those who like to cultivate do so because it is fun and they can get products of good quality. To lessen the environmental impacts are also a reason but here our results that productivity in urban farming has to be higher than in our trials in order for the products to be considered as “climate-friendly”. Growing fish at home showed to be rather unpopular and many thought that slaughtering the fish by themselves would be nasty. Others results from the project are a water cooled LED lamp built in four copies and successfully installed in a fish and vegetable production unit as well as drawings and costs estimates for a cultivation bench.Proposals for further studies include analysis of flight and nutrient requirements for cultivation under roofs in cities as well as measurements of productivity. More low cost solutions for cultivating under glass should also be developed. To expand and maintain interest and knowledge for cultivation under roofs in cities is not only important for increasing social sustainability and eventually the environmental one as well but also because of the need to enhance preparedness.
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28.
  • Claesson, Ing-Marie, et al. (författare)
  • You just need to leave the room when you breastfeed : Breastfeeding experiences among obese women in Sweden – A qualitative study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 18:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundThe benefits of breastfeeding for the infant as well for the mother are well-known. It is recognized that obese (Body Mass Index ≥30 kg/m2) women may have less antenatal intention to breastfeed, and shortened duration of breastfeeding compared with normal-weight women. This may result in adverse short- and long-term health for both mother and child, such as a shortened lactational amenorrhoea and decreased protection against breast cancer for the women, and an increased risk for infectious diseases and overweight/obesity among the children. Therefore, it is important to gain more knowledge and understanding of obese women’s experiences of breastfeeding in order to attain good health care. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify and describe obese women’s experiences of breastfeeding.MethodsThis is an explorative study. Data was collected 2 – 18 months after childbirth through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 11 obese women with breastfeeding experience. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used.ResultsThree themes emerged from the data analysis: Breastfeeding - a part of motherhood, the challenges of breastfeeding, and support for breastfeeding. The women described an antenatal hope for breastfeeding, the body’s ability to produce milk fascinated them, and the breast milk was seen as the best way to feed the child and also as promoting the attachment between mother and child. Breastfeeding was described as a challenge even though it is natural. The challenges concerned technical difficulties such as the woman finding a good body position and helping the child to achieve an optimum grip of the nipple. Another challenge was the exposure of the body connected to public breastfeeding. Support of breastfeeding was described as the importance of being confirmed as an individual behind the obesity, rather than an individual with obesity, and to obtain enough professional breastfeeding support.ConclusionsBreastfeeding was experienced as a natural part of being a mother. There were practical challenges for obese women concerning how to manage breastfeeding and how to handle the public exposure of the body. There was a need for realistic information about breastfeeding concerning both the child and the woman.
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29.
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30.
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31.
  • Ebai, Tonge, et al. (författare)
  • Analytically Sensitive Protein Detection in Microtiter Plates by Proximity Ligation with Rolling Circle Amplification
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 63:9, s. 1497-1505
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Detecting proteins at low concentrations in plasma is crucial for early diagnosis. Current techniques in clinical routine, such as sandwich ELISA, provide sensitive protein detection because of a dependence on target recognition by pairs of antibodies, but detection of still lower protein concentrations is often called for. Proximity ligation assay with rolling circle amplification (PLARCA) is a modified proximity ligation assay (PLA) for analytically specific and sensitive protein detection via binding of target proteins by 3 antibodies, and signal amplification via rolling circle amplification (RCA) in microtiter wells, easily adapted to instrumentation in use in hospitals.METHODS: Proteins captured by immobilized antibodies were detected using a pair of oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies. Upon target recognition, these PLA probes guided oligonucleotide ligation, followed by amplification via RCA of circular DNA strands that formed in the reaction. The RCA products were detected by horseradish peroxidase-labeled oligonucleotides to generate colorimetric reaction products with readout in an absorbance microplate reader.RESULTS: We compared detection of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, p53, and growth differentiation factor-15 by PLARCA and conventional sandwich ELISA or immuno RCA. PLARCA detected lower concentrations of proteins and exhibited a broader dynamic range compared ELISA and iRCA using the same antibodies. IL-4 and IL-6 were detected in clinical samples at femtomolar concentrations, considerably lower than for ELISA.CONCLUSIONS: PLARCA offers detection of lower protein levels and increased dynamic ranges compared to ELISA. The PLARCA procedure may be adapted to routine instrumentation available in hospitals and research laboratories.
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32.
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33.
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34.
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35.
  • Fält, Susanna, et al. (författare)
  • Model films of cellulose II - improved preparation method and characterization of the cellulose film
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Cellulose. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 11:2, s. 151-162
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An optimization study of the preparation of spin-coated cellulose model films from the NMMO/DMSO system on silicon wafers has been made. The study shows that the cellulose concentration in the solution determines the cellulose film thickness and that the temperature of the solution affects the surface roughness. A lower solution temperature results in a lower surface roughness at cellulose concentrations below 0.8%. Using the described method, it is possible to prepare films with thicknesses of 30-90 nm with a constant surface roughness by changing the cellulose concentration, i.e. by dilution with DMSO. On these films, water has a contact angle less than 20degrees and about 50% of the material can, according to CP/MAS C-13-NMR spectroscopy on corresponding fibrous material, be considered to consist of crystalline cellulose II type material. It has further been shown that AFM can be used to determine the thickness of cellulose films, in both dry and wet states. In this method, the difference in height between the top surface and the underlying wafer has been measured at an incision made into the cellulose film. The cellulose films have also been spin-coated with the same technique as on the silicon oxide wafer onto the crystal in a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). These model films were found to be suitable for swelling measurements with the QCM. The films were very stable during this type of measurement and films with different amounts of charges gave different swelling responses depending on their charges. As expected, films with a higher charge showed a higher swelling.
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36.
  • Gullberg, Martin, 1955- (författare)
  • Recognition requirements and regulatory events directing T cell responses
  • 1983
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The present study has considered cellular and molecular requirements in T cell responses. The central role of T cell growth factors (TCGF) in T cell responses prompted us to study the regulatory events directing TCGF production in lectin stimulated cultures. It was found that normal spleen cells, activated with Concanavalin A for 24 h, develop suppressive cells that block de novo TCGF production by fresh spleen cells. The induction time for effector suppressor cells (nonadherent, Lyt-2-positive T cells) was found to be 18 h and to parallel the termination of TCGF production in situ. The suppressive mechanism is neither iji situ absorption of TCGF produced at control rates nor killing of TCGF producing cells. These results suggest that suppression of TCGF production is an active process which directly and reversibly blocks TCGF-producing cells.This study also indicated that ConA induced a very limited proliferation of Lyt-2- T helper cells (TH) in unselected T cell populations. The activation and growth requirements of Lyt-1+ TH cells were directly investigated and compared with those of Lyt-2+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), as defined by the selective expression of Lyt differentiation antigens and functional activities. This analysis revealed a profound difference in activation and growth requirements between these T cell subsets. Thus, while Lyt-2+ CTL precursors can be induced to TCGF reactivity by soluble lectins, in the absence of specialized accessory cells,; Lyt-2" TH cell precursors show a strict accessory cell requirement both for activation and proliteration. Finally, the low level of TH cell effector function, detected in a primary responses to allo-MHC-antigens or lectins, appears to be due to the development of suppressive Lyt2+ T cells.The functional relevance of Lyt-2 antigens expressed on CTL membranes was further assessed in the last part of this study. Two distinct activation systems were used, namely MHC-antigens, provided as UV-irradiated stimulator cells or polyclonal induction by a 4 h pulse, with lectins. Both procedures were shown to selectively induce Lyt-2+ CTL precursors into TCGF reactivity without leading to mitosis, unless TCGF was added. In both cases it was found that monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibodies inhibited the two antigen- dependent phases of CTL responses namely, the initial induction step and target cytolysis. The analogy observed between antigen specific and lectin mediated indueton and target cytolysis, with regard to the susceptibility of inhibition by anti-Lyt-2 antibodies has lead to a general hypothesis on CTL activation.
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37.
  • Harnevik, Lotta, 1977- (författare)
  • Molecular genetic studies on cystinuria
  • 2007
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Cystinuria is defined as an inherited disorder characterized by increased urinary excretion of cystine and the dibasic amino acids arginine, lysine and ornithine. The only clinical manifestation of cystinuria is renal cystine stone formation due to the low solubility of cystine in the urine. Cystinuria can be attributed to mutations in the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes in the majority of all cases and it has been a common expectation that molecular genetic studies of cystinuria would aid in understanding of the varying clinical outcome seen in the disease. Besides human, the disease has been most extensively studied in the domestic dog.The present study was undertaken to investigate the molecular genetic basis of cystinuria in patients from Sweden and to correlate genetic findings with phenotypes produced regarding cystine and dibasic amino acid excretion. Further, attempts were made to elucidate the molecular genetics of cystinuria in the dog.The entire coding sequences of the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes were analysed by means of SSCA and DNA sequencing in 53 cystinuria patients and genetic findings were related to urinary excretion of cystine and dibasic amino acids in a subset of the patient group. We detected a total number of 22 different mutations in the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes, 18 of which were described for the first time. We have found a probable genetic cause of cystinuria in approximately 74 % of our patients and a possible contribution to the disease in another 19 %. Mutations in the SLC3A1 gene is the major cause of cystinuria in our group, with only a minor contribution of SLC7A9 mutations. The group of patients presenting SLC3A1 mutations in a heterozygous state or lacking mutations in both genes had higher values of total urinary cystine and dibasic amino acids compared to patients homozygous for SLC3A1 mutations. The reason for this discrepancy remains unclear, but the possible impact of medical treatment with sulfhydryl compounds on total cystine values was ruled out.Sequencing of the full-length canine SLC7A9 cDNA was accomplished using the RACE technology and results from mutation analyses of SLC7A9 and SLC3A1 in cystinuric dogs showed that only two out of 13 dogs have mutations with possible impact on protein function in these genes. DNA sequencing was used for all exons of both genes in the dog, and in human cystinuria patients, all samples lacking mutations or showing heterozygosity after SSCA screening were sequenced in both genes as well. This implies that all point mutations present have been detected, but the possibility of mutations escaping PCR based methods as well as mutations in regulatory parts of the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes remains in cases lacking a full molecular genetic explanation of the disease.Finally, clinical and genetic data from our study of cystinuria both in man and dog exemplifies that manifestation and clinical severity of cystinuria is not determined by genetic alterations in the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 alone. Environmental factors, congenital malformations and modulating genetic factors are all possible contributors to the clinical outcome of cystinuria.
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38.
  • Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • Effekter på havsmiljön av att flytta över godstransporter från vägtrafik till sjöfart
  • 2019
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Antagandet av en nationell godstransportstrategi 2018 innebär att Sverige strävar efter att ”främja en överflyttning av godstransporter från väg till järnväg och sjöfart”. Ett delmål är att minska negativ miljöpåverkan från godstransporter. Men, om en överflyttning av gods från väg till sjöfart innebär ökat antal fartyg, eller ökad tillryggalagd distans med fartyg, innebär överflyttningen en ökad belastning på havsmiljön. Här föreligger därför en målkonflikt mellan transportpolitiska mål och flera miljömål. Tillståndet i havsmiljön runt Sveriges kuster uppnår idag inte god miljöstatus med avseende på exempelvis näringsämnen, miljögifter och främmande arter; för samtliga dessa belastningar bidrar sjöfarten till den negativa situationen. För att nå god miljöstatus behöver istället den totala belastningen på den marina miljön minska. Vid en eventuell överflyttning av godstransport från väg till sjöfart, är det därför angeläget att säkerställa att den ökade belastningen på den marina miljön minimeras. Ett sätt är att visa geografisk hänsyn genom att undvika sjöfart inom miljömässigt känsliga havsområden. Ett annat sätt är att ställa hårdare krav på fartygens prestanda. Miljöpåverkan från fartyg varierar framför allt mellan, men också inom, olika fartygstyper. Men att skapa nya regelverk med syfte att förbättra fartygens prestanda är en långsam process eftersom sjöfarten primärt regleras genom internationella konventioner där tillämpning av regionala eller nationella särregler undviks. Några förslag till åtgärder för att säkerställa att havsmiljön kring Sverige inte försämras till följd av överflyttning av godstransporter från väg till sjöfart är: ·        Tillse att det skapas högkvalitativt och jämförbart underlag för sjö- och landtransporters påverkan på havsmiljön. Analysera och kommunicera samtliga typer av utsläpp, inte bara utsläpp av koldioxid. Utsläppsmängder och påverkan bör anges och jämföras i absoluta tal och relevanta enheter. ·        Minimera antalet transporter genom att öka fyllnadsgraden. ·        Optimera fartygens hastighet för att minimera drivmedelsförbrukningen och emissioner. ·        Dagens fartygstrafik i Sveriges mest känsliga och skyddade havsområden måste minska. När- och kustsjöfart bör kanaliseras bort från havs- och kustområden med höga naturvärden. ·        Skapa tydliga incitament så att fraktköpare enbart anlitar fartyg som har högsta miljöprestanda avseende såväl utsläpp av växthusgaser som av andra förorenande eller övergödande ämnen till luft och vatten. ·        Säkerställ att införandet av ett NECA (kvävekontrollområde) i Östersjön och Nordsjön innebär att fler fartyg installerar kväverening och att införandet inte leder till att fler äldre fartyg utan regelstadgad effektiv kväverening trafikerar området. ·        Stärk samordningen mellan myndigheter så att framtidsfrågor som rör sjöfart och dess miljöpåverkan behandlas och åtgärdas i linje med ekosystembaserad förvaltning. Relaterat till sjöfartens striktare svavelregler som träder i kraft 2020-01-01: ·        Förbjud utsläpp av skrubbervatten till havet då utsläppen innebär en stor risk för försämrad miljöstatus och överskridna miljökvalitetsnormer enligt vattendirektivet, med avseende på exempelvis koppar och zink. Utred konsekvenserna av den förväntade ökade användningen av lågsvavliga hybridoljor som fartygsbränsle. Då befintlig saneringsutrustning är mindre effektiv för hybridoljor innebär detta en ökad risk vid kommande olyckor och oljeutsläpp
  •  
39.
  • Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, et al. (författare)
  • Effekter på havsmiljön av att flytta över transporter från vägtrafik till sjöfart
  • 2019
  • Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Antagandet av en nationell godstransportstrategi 2018 innebär att Sverige strävar efter att ”främja en överflyttning av godstransporter från väg till järnväg och sjöfart”. Ett delmål är att minska negativ miljöpåverkan från godstransporter. Men, om en överflyttning av gods från väg till sjöfart innebär ökat antal fartyg, eller ökad tillryggalagd distans med fartyg, innebär överflyttningen en ökad belastning på havsmiljön. Här föreligger därför en målkonflikt mellan transportpolitiska mål och flera miljömål. Tillståndet i havsmiljön runt Sveriges kuster uppnår idag inte god miljöstatus med avseende på exempelvis näringsämnen, miljögifter och främmande arter; för samtliga dessa belastningar bidrar sjöfarten till den negativa situationen. För att nå god miljöstatus behöver istället den totala belastningen på den marina miljön minska. Vid en eventuell överflyttning av godstransport från väg till sjöfart, är det därför angeläget att säkerställa att den ökade belastningen på den marina miljön minimeras. Ett sätt är att visa geografisk hänsyn genom att undvika sjöfart inom miljömässigt känsliga havsområden. Ett annat sätt är att ställa hårdare krav på fartygens prestanda. Miljöpåverkan från fartyg varierar framför allt mellan, men också inom, olika fartygstyper. Men att skapa nya regelverk med syfte att förbättra fartygens prestanda är en långsam process eftersom sjöfarten primärt regleras genom internationella konventioner där tillämpning av regionala eller nationella särregler undviks. Några förslag till åtgärder för att säkerställa att havsmiljön kring Sverige inte försämras till följd av överflyttning av godstransporter från väg till sjöfart är: Tillse att det skapas högkvalitativt och jämförbart underlag för sjö- och landtransporters påverkan på havsmiljön. Analysera och kommunicera samtliga typer av utsläpp, inte bara utsläpp av koldioxid. Utsläppsmängder och påverkan bör anges och jämföras i absoluta tal och relevanta enheter. Minimera antalet transporter genom att öka fyllnadsgraden. Optimera fartygens hastighet för att minimera drivmedelsförbrukningen och emissioner. Dagens fartygstrafik i Sveriges mest känsliga och skyddade havsområden måste minska. När- och kustsjöfart bör kanaliseras bort från havs- och kustområden med höga naturvärden. Skapa tydliga incitament så att fraktköpare enbart anlitar fartyg som har högsta miljöprestanda avseende såväl utsläpp av växthusgaser som av andra förorenande eller övergödande ämnen till luft och vatten. Säkerställ att införandet av ett NECA (kvävekontrollområde) i Östersjön och Nordsjön innebär att fler fartyg installerar kväverening och att införandet inte leder till att fler äldre fartyg utan regelstadgad effektiv kväverening trafikerar området. • Stärk samordningen mellan myndigheter så att framtidsfrågor som rör sjöfart och dess miljöpåverkan behandlas och åtgärdas i linje med ekosystembaserad förvaltning. Relaterat till sjöfartens striktare svavelregler som träder i kraft 2020-01-01: Förbjud utsläpp av skrubbervatten till havet då utsläppen innebär en stor risk för försämrad miljöstatus och överskridna miljökvalitetsnormer enligt vattendirektivet, med avseende på exempelvis koppar och zink. Utred konsekvenserna av den förväntade ökade användningen av lågsvavliga hybridoljor som fartygsbränsle. Då befintlig saneringsutrustning är mindre effektiv för hybridoljor innebär detta en ökad risk vid kommande olyckor och oljeutsläpp.
  •  
40.
  • Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, et al. (författare)
  • Use of port State control inspection data from the Paris MoU to assess pressure from shipping on the marine environment : A study of ships operating in the Baltic Sea region
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this report we analyse the relation between the Port State Control (PSC) system, as implemented by Paris Memorandum of Understanding (Paris MoU), and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), which obligates EU member States to achieve a Good Environmental Status of their marine waters. The deficiency codes in the Paris MoU PSC THETIS list were reviewed to explore how the codes relate to, i.e. directly or indirectly affect, the marine environment. We further sorted these identified deficiency codes into different, partly overlapping, categories based on their relation to MSFD descriptors. The number of deficiencies in the different categories were thereafter used as indices to infer pressures on the marine environment from different classes of ships. The approach was applied on a PSC inspection data set of ships that operated in the Baltic Sea or Skagerrak in 2018 to investigate if the number of deficiencies in four deficiency categories differed among ship types, ships of different ages and ships from different flag states. We also analysed how deficiencies related to five different MSFD descriptors were distributed among ship classes. General cargo, container and dry bulk ships had on average more deficiencies per ship than other ship types. The youngest ships had on average fewer deficiencies per ship than older ships and ships from black and grey listed flag states had on average more deficiencies per ship than ships from white listed flag states. Ships registered in Sweden had on average fewer deficiencies per ship than average ships from white-listed flag states. The number of all deficiencies per ship was generally correlated with the number of deficiencies related to the marine environment. Thus, on a general level, the total number of registered deficiencies also reflected the relative environmental performance of different ship classes. However, on a more detailed level, when deficiencies related to specific MSFD descriptors were analysed, some deviances from this general pattern were observed. The number of ships, as well as the total travelled distance, differed greatly among the different classes of ships. The total pressure on the Baltic marine environment, will, therefore, be larger from the more common middle-aged ships than from older ships, even though older ships on average performed worse than young and middle-aged ships. Similarly, because ships from white listed flag states are much more common, the total number of deficiencies of ships registered in white listed flag states, and hence, the total pressure on the marine environment, is much higher than the total number of deficiencies of, and total pressures from, ships from black and grey listed flag states. The insight that the total pressure of a class of ships is affected not only by the average performance of the ships in that class, but also by the number of ships and the total travelled distance, does not in any way reduce the need to stop the operation of the worst performing individual ships, and by various means to improve the average performance of ships in the low performing general cargo and dry bulk ship classes. From a marine environment management perspective, it is also important to recognize that also continuous smaller improvements of the performance of the more numerous middle-aged ships and of ships registered in white listed flag states will increase the possibility to achieve Good Environmental Status of the marine environments in Europe. We conclude that although the Paris MoU scheme for Port State Controls is an important measure to prevent pollution from ships, there is no harmonization between the work of Paris MoU and the marine environmental management in the EU including the implementation of MSFD. At least eight of the eleven descriptors of the MSFD are influenced by shipping but at least three of them cannot be evaluated by the present scheme for PSC. It is possible, according to our view, to develop the present PSC system to also include control measures that focus on these three descriptors, that is, on the effect on biodiversity, sea-floor integrity and on the production of underwater noise. It is also important to investigate ways to add or modify deficiency codes that would capture the chemical composition of waste streams and remnant chemicals after tank cleanings. An additional development of the PSC system could be to also investigate the behaviour of ships during the period between PSC inspections, e.g. through the use of logged AIS-data. The proposed system development would likely require both new financial resources and competencies.
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41.
  • Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • Use of port State control inspection data from the Paris MoU to assess pressure from shipping on the marine environment
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this report we analyse the relation between the Port State Control (PSC) system, as implemented by Paris Memorandum of Understanding (Paris MoU), and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), which obligates EU member States to achieve a Good Environmental Status of their marine waters. The deficiency codes in the Paris MoU PSC THETIS list were reviewed to explore how the codes relate to, i.e. directly or indirectly affect, the marine environment. We further sorted these identified deficiency codes into different, partly overlapping, categories based on their relation to MSFD descriptors. The number of deficiencies in the different categories were thereafter used as indices to infer pressures on the marine environment from different classes of ships. The approach was applied on a PSC inspection data set of ships that operated in the Baltic Sea or Skagerrak in 2018 to investigate if the number of deficiencies in four deficiency categories differed among ship types, ships of different ages and ships from different flag states. We also analysed how deficiencies related to five different MSFD descriptors were distributed among ship classes. General cargo, container and dry bulk ships had on average more deficiencies per ship than other ship types. The youngest ships had on average fewer deficiencies per ship than older ships and ships from black and grey listed flag states had on average more deficiencies per ship than ships from white listed flag states. Ships registered in Sweden had on average fewer deficiencies per ship than average ships from white-listed flag states. The number of all deficiencies per ship was generally correlated with the number of deficiencies related to the marine environment. Thus, on a general level, the total number of registered deficiencies also reflected the relative environmental performance of different ship classes. However, on a more detailed level, when deficiencies related to specific MSFD descriptors were analysed, some deviances from this general pattern were observed. The number of ships, as well as the total travelled distance, differed greatly among the different classes of ships. The total pressure on the Baltic marine environment, will, therefore, be larger from the more common middle-aged ships than from older ships, even though older ships on average performed worse than young and middle-aged ships. Similarly, because ships from white listed flag states are much more common, the total number of deficiencies of ships registered in white listed flag states, and hence, the total pressure on the marine environment, is much higher than the total number of deficiencies of, and total pressures from, ships from black and grey listed flag states. The insight that the total pressure of a class of ships is affected not only by the average performance of the ships in that class, but also by the number of ships and the total travelled distance, does not in any way reduce the need to stop the operation of the worst performing individual ships, and by various means to improve the average performance of ships in the low performing general cargo and dry bulk ship classes. From a marine environment management perspective, it is also important to recognize that also continuous smaller improvements of the performance of the more numerous middleaged ships and of ships registered in white listed flag states will increase the possibility to achieve Good Environmental Status of the marine environments in Europe. We conclude that although the Paris MoU scheme for Port State Controls is an important measure to prevent pollution from ships, there is no harmonization between the work of Paris MoU and the marine environmental management in the EU including the implementation of MSFD. At least eight of the eleven descriptors of the MSFD are influenced by shipping but at least three of them cannot be evaluated by the present scheme for PSC. It is possible, according to our view, to develop the present PSC system to also include control measures that focus on these three descriptors, that is, on the effect on biodiversity, sea-floor integrity and on the production of underwater noise. It is also important to investigate ways to add or modify deficiency codes that would capture the chemical composition of waste streams and remnant chemicals after tank cleanings. An additional development of the PSC system could be to also investigate the behaviour of ships during the period between PSC inspections, e.g. through the use of logged AIS data. The proposed system development would likely require both new financial resources and competencies.
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42.
  • Hellström, Ann, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Retrospective evaluation of ophthalmological and neurological outcomes for infants born before 24 weeks gestational age in a Swedish cohort
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives To retrospectively evaluate ophthalmological and neurological outcomes in a Swedish cohort of infants born before 24 weeks gestational age (GA) and explore risk factors for visual impairment. Setting Eye and paediatric clinics in Sweden. Participants Infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (n=399), born before 24 weeks GA, 2007-2018. Cases were excluded if ophthalmological follow-up records could not be traced. Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcomes were ophthalmological, including visual acuity (VA), refractive error, strabismus, nystagmus and cerebral visual impairment (CVI). Secondary outcomes comprised neonatal and neurological morbidities. Data were retrospectively retrieved from medical records. Results The 355 assessed children had a median GA of 23 weeks and 2 days and a median birth weight of 565 g. At the last available ophthalmological examination, the median age was 4.8 years (range 0.5-13.2 years). Nystagmus was recorded in 21.1%, strabismus in 34.8%, and 51.0% wore spectacles. Seventy-three of 333 (21.9%) were visually impaired, defined as being referred to a low vision clinic and/or having a VA less than 20/60 at 3.5 years of age or older. ROP treatment was a significant risk factor for visual impairment (OR 2.244, p=0.003). Visually impaired children, compared with children without visual impairment, more often had neurological deficits such as intellectual disability 63.8% versus 33.3% (p<0.001), epilepsy 21.1% versus 7.5% (p=0.001) and autism spectrum disorders 32.8% versus 20.9% (p=0.043). Nine of the 355 children had been diagnosed with CVI. Conclusions Children born before 24 weeks GA frequently had visual impairment in association with neurological deficits. CVI was rarely diagnosed. A multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and habilitation of these vulnerable infants is warranted. National follow-up guidelines need to be developed and implemented.
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43.
  • Hinas, Andrea, et al. (författare)
  • Identification of the Major Spliceosomal RNAs in Dictyostelium discoideum Reveals Developmentally Regulated U2 Variants and Polyadenylated snRNAs
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Eukaryotic Cell. - 1535-9778 .- 1535-9786. ; 5:6, s. 924-934
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Most eukaryotic mRNAs depend upon precise removal of introns by the spliceosome, a complex of RNAs and proteins. Splicing of pre-mRNA is known to take place in Dictyostelium discoideum, and we previously isolated the U2 spliceosomal RNA experimentally. In this study, we identified the remaining major spliceosomal RNAs in Dictyostelium by a bioinformatical approach. Expression was verified from 17 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. All these genes are preceded by a putative noncoding RNA gene promoter. Immunoprecipitation showed that snRNAs U1, U2, U4, and U5, but not U6, carry the conserved trimethylated 5' cap structure. A number of divergent U2 species are expressed in Dictyostelium. These RNAs carry the U2 RNA hallmark sequence and structure motifs but have an additional predicted stem-loop structure at the 5' end. Surprisingly, and in contrast to the other spliceosomal RNAs in this study, the new U2 variants were enriched in the cytoplasm and were developmentally regulated. Furthermore, all of the snRNAs could also be detected as polyadenylated species, and polyadenylated U1 RNA was demonstrated to be located in the cytoplasm.
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44.
  • Holme, Lotta, et al. (författare)
  • Disability, Life Course and Ageing
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Paper presented at the 19th Nordic Congress of Gerontology. Oslo, May 25-28, 2008.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
  •  
45.
  •  
46.
  • Holmstrom, Gerd, et al. (författare)
  • Treatment for retinopathy of prematurity in Sweden 2008-2021: Reduced gestational age of treated infants and remaining differences in treatment type and recurrence rates between hospitals
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 102:4, s. 401-408
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PurposeThis study aimed to investigate various aspects of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Sweden over the past 14 years, nationally and at a hospital level.MethodsData on screening and treatment for ROP in infants born in Sweden from 2008 to 2021 were extracted from the national ROP register, SWEDROP. During this period, Swedish screening guidelines were reduced from gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks to <31 weeks in 2012 and to <30 weeks in 2020.ResultsAltogether, 10 959 infants were screened and 600 infants treated for ROP during the study period. Parallel to changed guidelines, the number of screened infants decreased (p < 0.000) and the incidence of ROP and frequency of treatment increased (p < 0.001), while both remained similar in infants with a GA below 30 weeks. Among treated infants, GA and BW were reduced over the years (p < 0.001). Laser treatment (85.2% of primary treatments) became less common and anti-VEGF injections (13.6%) became more common over time (p < 0.001). Altogether 16 eyes were treated with the encircling band and 13 with vitrectomy. The total frequency of retreatment (32.7% of treated eyes) remained similar over time but was more common after primary anti-VEGF injection (67.7%) than laser treatment (27.2%). There were differences between the seven university hospitals regarding type of treatment and number of retreatments (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe frequency of treatment and retreatment for ROP remained similar over time, but the type of treatment changed and anti-VEGF injections became more common. Differences between treating hospitals emphasize the importance of centralizing the most severe cases.
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47.
  • Holmström, Gerd, 1951-, et al. (författare)
  • New modifications of Swedish ROP guidelines based on 10-year data from the SWEDROP register
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 104:7, s. 943-949
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND/AIMS:During the last decade, improved neonatal care has resulted in increased survival of the most immature infants and improved health of more mature infants. We hypothesise that this has affected incidence and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), enabling guidelines for screening to be modified.METHODS: In Sweden, all infants with gestational age (GA) at birth ≤30 weeks are screened for ROP. Results are registered in a web-based register, Swedish National ROP Register, with a coverage rate of 97%. Incidence of ROP and frequency of treatment, aspects on natural course of ROP and number of examinations, are calculated in relation to GA at birth in infants born during 2008-2017.RESULTS: Of 7249 infants, 31.9% (2310) had ROP and 6.1% (440) were treated. No infant with GA 30 weeks was treated. Incidence of ROP remained similar, but frequency of treatment increased (p=0.023). Over time, GA and birth weight were reduced in infants with ROP and with treated ROP. In the most immature infants, postmenstrual age was lower and postnatal age was higher when any ROP and stage 3 ROP were first detected (p<0.001). At treatment, postmenstrual but not postnatal age of the infant was associated with GA (p<0.001). During the 10-year period, 46 038 examinations were performed.CONCLUSION: Modification of Swedish guidelines is proposed, including only infants with a GA of <30 weeks and postponing the first examination with 1 week in infants with GA 26-29 weeks. This would spare many infants from stressful examinations and reduce eye examinations with at least 20%.
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48.
  • Holmström, Gerd, et al. (författare)
  • Ten years of ROP-screening and treatment in Sweden - consideration of modified screening guidelines based on a national quality register
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : The Association for Research in Vision and Ophtalmology. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 60:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Purpose : Description of ten years of national ROP-screening and treatment in Sweden and evaluation of the national screening program for ROP.Methods : The study is based on a national register for ROP, SWEDROP, with around 96% coverage. According to Swedish guidelines, all infants born at 30 weeks gestational age (GA) or less, as well as children born later but being extremely sick, should be screened for ROP during the neonatal period. Birth data are validated in the Swedish neonatal quality register, SNQ.Results : During the ten-year period between 2008 and 2017, 7257 infants with a GA of 30 weeks or less were registered in SWEDROP and 46.294 examinations were performed, of which 5.328 (11.5%) in infants born in gestational week 30. Mean GA was 27.6 w (range 21-30 w) and mean BW was 1116 g (range 390-2405 g). Overall, during the ten years, ROP was found in 31.8% (range 26.8-36.8%) and treatment for ROP was performed in 6% (range 4.1-7.7%) of the screened infants. Only nine infants with GA 28 w and four with GA 29 w were treated for ROP. No infant with GA 30 w was treated. Eighty-two per cent (361/441) of the treated infants had laser only and 17.7% (78/441) were treated with Anti-VEGF, alone (17 infants) or in combination with laser and/or other treatment.Conclusions : SWEDROP is a national register for ROP with a high national coverage. The incidence of ROP and frequency of treatment remained similar over the ten-year period. Only 13 infants born at 28 – 29 weeks GA and no child born at 30 w GA were treated for ROP. Modification of guidelines is considered, with lowering the upper limit of screening with one week, i.e. to less than 30 weeks GA. During the ten-year study period, this would have resulted in a reduction of 1680 infants (23.2%) screened for ROP and of 5.328 (11.5%) examinations.
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49.
  • Hoppe, Michael, 1969, et al. (författare)
  • Heme iron-based dietary intervention for improvement of iron status in young women.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-9007. ; 29:1, s. 89-95
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Conventional iron deficiency treatment with pharmacologic iron doses often causes side effects. Heme iron has high bioavailability and a low capacity to cause gastrointestinal side effects. This study investigated the possibility of using heme iron in the form of blood-based crisp bread as a diet-based treatment program to improve the iron status of women of reproductive age. METHODS: In a 12-wk intervention study, 77 women (mean age 24 y) were assigned to one of four groups: blood-based crisp bread (35 mg of iron [Fe], 27 mg of which was heme Fe), iron supplementation consisting of 35 mg of non-heme iron/day (Fe35), iron supplementation consisting of 60 mg of non-heme iron/day (Fe60), and controls (iron-free tablets). RESULTS: Body iron increased significantly in the crisp bread group by a median of 2.7 mg/kg (interquartile range 3.1, n = 18), in the Fe35 group by 2.7 mg/kg (interquartile range 2.8, n = 11), and in the Fe60 group by 4.1 mg/kg (interquartile range 3.6, n = 13), whereas no change was observed in the control group. No statistically significant difference in iron status increase was observed between the crisp bread group compared with the two iron-supplemented groups. CONCLUSION: Dietary-based treatment containing heme iron has few side effects and can be used efficiently to improve the iron status of women of reproductive age.
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50.
  • Ilskog, Elisabeth, 1965- (författare)
  • And Then They Lived Sustainably Ever After? : Experiences from Rural Electrification in Tanzania, Zambia and Kenya
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Accelerating the introduction of basic, clean energy services is seen as a key strategy for promoting sustainable development in rural areas. Still, many people worldwide lack access to modern energy such as electricity, and Africa lags behind other developing regions of the world. Support to rural electrification is therefore given high priority by the national governments and donor organisations. There is a trend to encourage the involvement of other actors than national utilities for implementation of rural electrification. At the same time, it is required that the activities shall contribute to sustainable development. The objective of the work presented in this thesis has been to reach increased knowledge on the impact from organisational factors on project sustainability, and to examine whether rural electrification implemented by private entrepreneurs or other non-governmental organisations contribute more effectively to sustainable development than the conventional approach where rural electrification is the responsibility of a government utility. A key activity of the research work has been to improve and develop the present methodologies used for evaluations, as to attain a more functional in-field evaluation method. The thesis presents findings from seven rural electrification cases in Eastern and Southern Africa and shows how these can be used to illustrate different dimensions of sustainability by means of indicators. The evaluation indicates that the national utilities perform better from a social/ethical perspective, whereas the private organisations and the community-based organisations manage their client-relation issues in a more sustainable way. In addition, a literature survey shows that among stakeholders there are a number of “concepts-taken-for-granted” as regards to rural electrification. These are not supported by the findings from the seven cases. The observed deviations between expectations and realities can obstruct the development as decision-makers may have unrealistic expectations when planning for new electrification activities. Instead, activities have to be implemented with the empirical reality in mind. By doing so the ambiguities, complexities and all the paradoxes of rural electrification can hopefully be better managed. The study has been funded by The Swedish International Development Agency, Department for Research Cooperation (SAREC), and Ångpanneföreningen’s Foundation for Research and Development (ÅFORSK).
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