| 1. |
- Karlsson, Daniel M G, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of tissue movement on laser Doppler perfusion imaging
- 2002
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Ingår i: <em></em><em>Proc. SPIE</em> 4624, Optical Diagnostics and Sensing of Biological Fluids and Glucose and Cholesterol Monitoring II, 106 (May 24, 2002), Vol. 4624. - : SPIE. ; , s. 106-114, s. 106-114
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microvascular perfusion can be measured using laser Doppler blood flowmetry (LDF), a technique sensitive to the concentration of moving blood cells and their velocity. However, movements of the tissue itself can cause artifacts in the perfusion readings. In a clinical situation, these movement induced artifacts may arise from patient movements or from movements of internal organs e.g. the intestines or the beating heart. Therefore, we have studied how a well-controlled tissue movement affects the LDF signals during different flow conditions and for different surface structures. Tissue perfusion was recorded non-touch in one point using a laser Doppler perfusion imager. During the measurements the object was placed on a shaker that generated the movement (both horizontal and vertical). Measurements were carried out both on DELRIN® (polyacetal plastic) and the fingertip, for a wide range of velocities (0-3 cm/s). The influence of the microvascular perfusion was evaluated by occluding the brachial artery as well as blood emptying the finger and by using a flow model. The LDF signals were correlated to the movement. In vivo measurements showed that velocities above 0.8 cm/s gave a significant contribution to the perfusion signal. Corresponding velocities for the DELRIN® piece were higher (1.4 – 2.6 cm/s), and dependent on the surface structures and reflecting properties. By reducing the amount of specular reflection the movement influence was substantially lowered.
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| 2. |
- Majedy, Motasam, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Spectral characterization of liquid hemoglobin phantoms with varying oxygenation states
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - Bellingham, WA, United States : SPIE - The International Society for Optics and Photonics. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 27:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significance: For optical methods to accurately assess hemoglobin oxygen saturation in vivo, an independently verifiable tissue-like standard is required for validation. For this purpose, we propose three hemoglobin preparations and evaluate methods to characterize them.Aim: To spectrally characterize three different hemoglobin preparations using multiple spectroscopic methods and to compare their absorption spectra to commonly used reference spectra.Approach: Absorption spectra of three hemoglobin preparations in solution were characterized using spectroscopic collimated transmission: whole blood, lysed blood, and ferrous-stabilized hemoglobin. Tissue-mimicking phantoms composed of Intralipid, and the hemoglobin solutions were characterized using spatial frequency-domain spectroscopy (SFDS) and enhanced perfusion and oxygen saturation (EPOS) techniques while using yeast to deplete oxygen.Results: All hemoglobin preparations exhibited similar absorption spectra when accounting for methemoglobin and scattering in their oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin forms, respectively. However, systematic differences were observed in the fitting depending on the reference spectra used. For the tissue-mimicking phantoms, SFDS measurements at the surface of the phantom were affected by oxygen diffusion at the interface with air, associated with higher values than for the EPOS system.Conclusions: We show the validity of different blood phantoms and what considerations need to be addressed in each case to utilize them equivalently.
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| 3. |
- Strömberg, Tomas, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial frequency domain imaging using a snap-shot filter mosaic camera with multi-wavelength sensitive pixels
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings Volume 10467, Photonics in Dermatology and Plastic Surgery 2018; 104670D (2018). - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) utilizes a digital light processing (DLP) projector for illuminating turbid media with sinusoidal patterns. The tissue absorption (μa) and reduced scattering coefficient (μ,s) are calculated by analyzing the modulation transfer function for at least two spatial frequencies. We evaluated different illumination strategies with a red, green and blue light emitting diodes (LED) in the DLP, while imaging with a filter mosaic camera, XiSpec, with 16 different multi-wavelength sensitive pixels in the 470-630 nm wavelength range. Data were compared to SFDI by a multispectral camera setup (MSI) consisting of four cameras with bandpass filters centered at 475, 560, 580 and 650 nm. A pointwise system for comprehensive microcirculation analysis was used (EPOS) for comparison. A 5-min arterial occlusion and release protocol on the forearm of a Caucasian male with fair skin was analyzed by fitting the absorption spectra of the chromophores HbO2, Hb and melanin to the estimatedμa. The tissue fractions of red blood cells (fRBC), melanin (/mel) and the Hb oxygenation (S02 ) were calculated at baseline, end of occlusion, early after release and late after release. EPOS results showed a decrease in S02 during the occlusion and hyperemia during release (S02 = 40%, 5%, 80% and 51%). The fRBC showed an increase during occlusion and release phases. The best MSI resemblance to the EPOS was for green LED illumination (S02 = 53%, 9%, 82%, 65%). Several illumination and analysis strategies using the XiSpec gave un-physiological results (e.g. negative S02 ). XiSpec with green LED illumination gave the expected change in /RBC , while the dynamics in S02 were less than those for EPOS. These results may be explained by the calculation of modulation using an illumination and detector setup with a broad spectral transmission bandwidth, with considerable variation in μa of included chromophores. Approaches for either reducing the effective bandwidth of the XiSpec filters or by including their characteristic in a light transport model for SFDI modulation, are proposed.
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| 4. |
- Ahlgren, Erik, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Biokombi Rya - slutrapporter från ingående delprojekt
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom projektet Biokombi Rya har ett flertal olika forskargrupper samarbetat för att studera system¬effekterna av förgasning av biobränsle ur olika aspekter. Syftet med projektet är att öka kunskapen om biobränsleförgasning i Sverige samt att utreda förutsättningar för att sådana anläggningar ska vara ekonomiskt och miljömässigt intressanta. En referensgrupp har varit kopplad till projektet där förutsättningar, resultat och slutsatser har behandlats.I denna underlagsrapport har slutrapporterna från projektets delprojekt samlats. De beskriver förutsättningar, metodansatser, använda data och resultat utförligt och utgör på så sätt ett viktigt komplement till den mer övergripande beskrivningen i projektets syntesrapport. De delrapporter som ingår har valts för att täcka in samtliga delar av projektet som är av allmänt intresse. Projektresultat som publicerats på annat sätt berörs dock mer kortfattat.Projektet Biokombi Rya har pågått under två år (2005-2006) och drivits av Chalmers EnergiCentrum. Förutom de omfattande analysinsatser som författarna till denna rapport står för, har Avdelningen för kemisk teknologi vid KTH, Siemens Industrial Turbines AB och Göteborg Energi AB bidragit med expertstöd. CIT Industriell Energianalys, med undertecknad som projektledare, har stått för projektledning och koordination.Projektet har finansierats av Energimyndigheten, Göteborg Energis forsknings¬stiftelse samt Göteborg Energi AB.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Erik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Konsumtionens finansialisering
- 2014
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Ingår i: Konsumtionsrapporten 2014. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. ; , s. 35-39
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Erik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Vardagslivets finansialisering
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I internationell samhällsvetenskaplig forskning används begreppet finansialisering för att förklara och beskriva den ökade betydelse som den finansiella ekonomin har i vår tid. I den här rapporten riktar vi sökarljuset mot hur vardagslivet omvandlats och hur finansiella logikers växande inflytande förändrar människors praktiker, relationer och identiteter (Martin 2002; Langley 2008). Rapporten anknyter därmed till en framväxande forskningsriktning som intresserar sig för, vad Haiven (2014) kallar, finansialiseringens kulturer. Med vardagslivets finansialisering åsyftar vi därmed hur människors vardagliga praktiker och meningssammanhang blir allt tätare sammanvävd med den finansiella ekonomins logiker, instrument och institutioner. Rapporten har karaktären av en antologi, i vilket ett antal forskare från olika samhällsvetenskapliga discipliner beskriver hur vardagslivet finansialiserats. Rapporten börjar med ett par studier av vad finansialiseringen kan betyda för enskilda människor och grupper i deras direkta vardag. Därefter rör vi oss ut mot de mer övergripande aspekterna och konsekvenserna av vardagslivets finansialisering, med frågor som hur denna utveckling stimulerats och hanterats av statliga aktörer och privata aktörer, samt vilka konsekvenser och innebörder finansialiseringen har haft för arbetslivet, välfärdsstaten och hur finansmarknaderna reglerats.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Erik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Vardagslivets finansialisering
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ord & Bild. - 0030-4492. ; 2:2016, s. 38-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Aquilante, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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Modern quantum chemistry with [Open]Molcas
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 152:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MOLCAS/OpenMolcas is an ab initio electronic structure program providing a large set of computational methods from Hartree-Fock and density functional theory to various implementations of multiconfigurational theory. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the main features of the code, specifically reviewing the use of the code in previously reported chemical applications as well as more recent applications including the calculation of magnetic properties from optimized density matrix renormalization group wave functions.
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| 10. |
- Ewerlöf, Maria, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of skin microcirculatory hemoglobinoxygen saturation and red blood cell tissue fractionusing a multispectral snapshot imaging system : a validation study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 26:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significance: Hemoglobin oxygen saturation and red blood cell (RBC) tissue fraction are important parameters when assessing microvascular status. Functional information can be attained using temporally resolved measurements performed during stimulus–response protocols. Pointwise assessments can currently be conducted with probe-based systems. However, snapshot multispectral imaging (MSI) can be used for spatial–temporal measurements.Aim: To validate if hemoglobin oxygen saturation and RBC tissue fraction can be quantified using a snapshot MSI system and an inverse Monte Carlo algorithm.Approach: Skin tissue measurements from the MSI system were compared to those from a validated probe-based system during arterial and venous occlusion provocation on 24 subjects in the wavelength interval 450 to 650 nm, to evaluate a wide range of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and RBC tissue fraction levels.Results: Arterial occlusion results show a mean linear regression R2 = 0.958 for hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Comparing relative RBC tissue fraction during venous occlusion results in R2 = 0.925. The MSI system shows larger dynamic changes than the reference system, which might be explained by a deeper sampling including more capacitance vessels.Conclusions: The snapshot MSI system estimates hemoglobin oxygen saturation and RBC tissue fraction in skin microcirculation showing a high correlation (R2 > 0.9 in most subjects) with those measured by the reference method.
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| 11. |
- Ewerlöf, Maria, 1987-
(författare)
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Multispectral imaging of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in skin microcirculation
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability to measure microcirculatory parameters such as hemoglobin oxygen saturation is important since it mirrors the microcirculatory state of the body. The microcirculation delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and, if impaired, may be a sign of circulatory failure. Human skin microcirculation can be accessed non-invasively with bio-optical technologies, where skin acts as a diagnostic window. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a technique that access skin microcirculatory parameters, especially hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Basic systems are fiber optic probebased and measure in one point, often in firm contact with the skin. Multispectral diffuse reflectance imaging (MSI) enables spatially resolved DRS, imaging skin optical parameters from spectrally resolved backscattered intensities. Spectral information detected by MSI systems contain information on, e.g., hemoglobin oxygen saturation and optical properties of the tissue. Both spatial and temporal resolved information of hemoglobin oxygen saturation is beneficial for better diagnostics in most clinical applications, e.g., to monitor progression of wound healing processes, or other microcirculatory diseases reflected in hemoglobin spectral changes. Analysis of acquired MSI multispectral data cubes to access information on tissue parameters with high contrast to these variations can be performed in several ways using models and simulations. Time resolved continuous measurements that are spectrally and spatially resolved generate large amounts of data, requiring both storage space and fast analysis. Reducing the number of wavelengths is one way to limit the amount of data, if it does not reduce the quality of interpreted results. Therefore, in my work, I investigated theoretically how to reduce the number of wavelengths, and later implemented my findings using a snapshot MSI camera. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were used to estimate hemoglobin oxygen saturation from captured MSI data. I also performed temporally resolved in vivo measurements on healthy test subjects during vascular occlusion provocations with a 16-channel snapshot MSI system. The acquired data were analyzed using two different methods: inverse MC and trained artificial neural networks (ANNs). For inverse MC, the acquired spectrum was iteratively compared to simulated spectra, where different optical properties were used for the simulation, trying to find the best fit. ANNs were trained to intensity data measured with the MSI system, using concurrently measured hemoglobin oxygen saturation values from a validated probe-based system as target data. The results and outcome of this thesis indicate good possibility to accurately estimate hemoglobin oxygen saturation with as few as four wavelengths. Estimated hemoglobin oxygen saturation values from analysis of in vivo measurements from the 16-channel snapshot MSI camera show high conformance to values measured by the validated probe-based system. Using the ANN-approach reduces time for analysis of a 512 × 270-pixel image to 0.056 s, compared to 1 h 58 min required by the inverse MC algorithm to analyze the same data. The method enables real-time analysis, and is, consequently, preferable in many clinical situations.
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| 12. |
- Ewerlöf, Maria, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Multispectral snapshot imaging of skin microcirculatory hemoglobin oxygen saturation using artificial neural networks trained on in vivo data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - Bellingham, WA, United States : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 27:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significance: Developing algorithms for estimating blood oxygenation from snapshot multispectral imaging (MSI) data is challenging due to the complexity of sensor characteristics and photon transport modeling in tissue. We circumvent this using a method where artificial neural networks (ANNs) are trained on in vivo MSI data with target values from a point-measuring reference method.Aim: To develop and evaluate a methodology where a snapshot filter mosaic camera is utilized for imaging skin hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2), using ANNs.Approach: MSI data were acquired during occlusion provocations. ANNs were trained to estimate SO2 with MSI data as input, targeting data from a validated probe-based reference system. Performance of ANNs with different properties and training data sets was compared.Results: The method enables spatially resolved estimation of skin tissue SO2. Results are comparable to those acquired using a Monte-Carlo-based approach when relevant training data are used.Conclusions: Training an ANN on in vivo MSI data covering a wide range of target values acquired during an occlusion protocol enable real-time estimation of SO2 maps. Data from the probe-based reference system can be used as target despite differences in sampling depth and measurement position.
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| 13. |
- Fahnestock, Jesse, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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RISEnergy: Roadmaps for energy innovation in Sweden through 2030
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden is a group of research and technology organisations. RISE is a leading innovation partner working global cooperation with academia, enterprise and society to create value, growth and competitiveness through research excellence and innovation.In the area of Energy, RISE has developed innovation Roadmaps covering:Energy Efficient TransportElectric Power SystemEnergy Efficient and Smart BuildingsSustainable Thermal ProcessesEfficient Energy Use in IndustryDecarbonisation of Basic IndustriesThese Roadmaps describe development pathways for technologies, non-technical elements (market design, user behaviours, policies, etc.) and key actors that deliver on a plausible, desirable vision for each respective innovation area in 2030. These Roadmaps are intended to support RISE’s strategic planning and development, but should be relevant reading for anyone interested in energy innovation in Sweden.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Fredriksson, Ingemar, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Inverse Monte Carlo in a multilayered tissue model: merging diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - Bellingham, WA, United States : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 18:12, s. 127004-1-127004-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tissue fraction of red blood cells (RBCs) and their oxygenation and speed-resolved perfusion areestimated in absolute units by combining diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and laser Doppler flowmetry(LDF). The DRS spectra (450 to 850 nm) are assessed at two source–detector separations (0.4 and 1.2 mm), allowingfor a relative calibration routine, whereas LDF spectra are assessed at 1.2mmin the same fiber-optic probe. Data areanalyzed using nonlinear optimization in an inverse Monte Carlo technique by applying an adaptive multilayeredtissue model based on geometrical, scattering, and absorbing properties, as well as RBC flow-speed information.Simulations of 250 tissue-like models including up to 2000 individual blood vessels were used to evaluatethe method. The absolute root mean square (RMS) deviation between estimated and true oxygenation was 4.1percentage units, whereas the relative RMS deviations for the RBC tissue fraction and perfusion were 19% and23%, respectively. Examples of in vivo measurements on forearm and foot during common provocations arepresented. The method offers several advantages such as simultaneous quantification of RBC tissue fractionand oxygenation and perfusion from the same, predictable, sampling volume. The perfusion estimate is speedresolved, absolute (% RBC × mm∕s), and more accurate due to the combination with DRS.
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| 17. |
- Fredriksson, Ingemar, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Laser doppler flowmetry
- 2012
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Ingår i: Microcirculation imaging. - Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 3527328947 - 9783527328949 - 9783527651238 ; , s. 67-86
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Adopting a multidisciplinary approach with input from physicists, researchers and medical professionals, this is the first book to introduce many different technical approaches for the visualization of microcirculation, including laser Doppler and laser speckle, optical coherence tomography and photo-acoustic tomography. It covers everything from basic research to medical applications, providing the technical details while also outlining the respective strengths and weaknesses of each imaging technique. Edited by an international team of top experts, this is the ultimate handbook for every clinician and researcher relying on microcirculation imaging.
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| 18. |
- Fredriksson, Ingemar, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Model-based quantification of skin microcirculatory perfusion
- 2015. - 1
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Ingår i: Computational biophysics of the skin. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9789814463843 - 9789814463850 ; , s. 395-418
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last decades new tools, such as magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler ultra sound imaging, have rapidly been taken into clinical practice for studying the flow dynamics of the macrocirculation. M eanw hile, techniques for quantifying the microcirculation have struggled to become clinically accepted. This includes the use of laser Doppler flow metry (LDF), an optical technique that is capable of monitoring either spatial or temporal changes in the microcirculation by analyzing the backscattered Doppler shifted light from a laser illuminated tissue. Until now , LDF has only been capable of producing non-absolute relative measures, w hich has limited its cl inical acceptance. With a model based analysis approach, as presented here, this can be overcome, and objective diagnosis of the microcirculation may finally be a part of everyday clinical praxis. The most important advantages w ith the proposed method are that a quantitative perfusion estimate (% RBC × mm/ s) can be extracted, and that this measure can be resolved into different speed regions.
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| 19. |
- Fredriksson, Ingemar, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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On the equivalence and differencesbetween laser Doppler flowmetry andlaser speckle contrast analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 21:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) both utilize the spatiotemporalproperties of laser speckle patterns to assess microcirculatory blood flow in tissue. Although the techniquesanalyze the speckle pattern differently, there is a close relationship between them. We present atheoretical overview describing how the LDF power spectrum and the LASCA contrast can be calculatedfrom each other, and how both these can be calculated from an optical Doppler spectrum containing variousdegrees of Doppler shifted light. The theoretical relationships are further demonstrated using time-resolvedspeckle simulations. A wide range of Monte Carlo simulated tissue models is then used to show how perfusionestimates for LDF and LASCA are affected by changes in blood concentration and speed distribution, as well asby geometrical and optical properties. We conclude that perfusion estimates from conventional single exposuretime LASCA are in general more sensitive to changes in optical and geometrical properties and are less accuratein the prediction of real perfusion changes, especially speed changes. Since there is a theoretical one-to-onerelationship between Doppler power spectrum and contrast, one can conclude that those drawbacks with theLASCA technique can be overcome using a multiple exposure time setup.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Fredriksson, Ingemar, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Vasomotion analysis of speed resolved perfusion, oxygen saturation, red blood cell tissue fraction, and vessel diameter : Novel microvascular perspectives
- 2022
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Ingår i: Skin research and technology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 28:1, s. 142-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundVasomotion is the spontaneous oscillation in vascular tone in the microcirculation and is believed to be a physiological mechanism facilitating the transport of blood gases and nutrients to and from tissues. So far, Laser Doppler flowmetry has constituted the gold standard for in vivo vasomotion analysis.Materials and methodsWe applied vasomotion analysis to speed-resolved perfusion, oxygen saturation, red blood cell tissue (RBC) tissue fraction, and average vessel diameter from five healthy individuals at rest measured by the newly developed Periflux 6000 EPOS system over 10 minutes. Magnitude scalogram and the time-averaged wavelet spectra were divided into frequency intervals reflecting endothelial, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory, and cardiac function.ResultsRecurrent high-intensity periods of the myogenic, neurogenic, and endothelial frequency intervals were found. The neurogenic activity was considerably more pronounced for the oxygen saturation, RBC tissue fraction, and vessel diameter signals, than for the perfusion signals. In a correlation analysis we found that changes in perfusion in the myogenic, neurogenic, and endothelial frequency intervals precede changes in the other signals. Furthermore, changes in average vessel diameter were in general negatively correlated to the other signals in the same frequency intervals, indicating the importance of capillary recruitment.ConclusionWe conclude that vasomotion can be observed in signals reflecting speed resolved perfusion, oxygen saturation, RBC tissue fraction, and vessel diameter. The new parameters enable new aspects of the microcirculation to be observed.
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| 22. |
- Green, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Pricing electricity swaptions under a stochastic volatility term structure model
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Markets. - : Incisive Media Investments Ltd.. - 1756-3607 .- 1756-3615. ; 6:4, s. 43-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper suggests a stochastic volatility term structure model applied to the pricing of electricity swaptions in the Nordic power market traded at the Nasdaq OMX Commodities exchange. The volatility structure in the model is specified as a product of a time-dependent function, which handles the maturity effect, and a Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process for the stochastic volatility. We employ a Fourier-based approach to pricing electricity swaptions and perform an empirical analysis by calibrating the model to a data set consisting of more than 12 000 pairs of implied bid-ask volatilities, corresponding to swaption prices from the Nordic power market. We show that our model outperforms the lognormal benchmark both in- and out-of-sample.
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| 23. |
- Gullbo, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Antitumor efficacy and acute toxicity of the novel dipeptide melphalanyl-p-L-fluorophenylalanine ethyl ester (J1) in vivo.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Investigational new drugs. - 0167-6997. ; 22:4, s. 411-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel alkylating dipeptide melphalanyl-p-L-fluorophenylalanine ethyl ester (J1) was evaluated for acute toxicity and antitumor activity in mice, with melphalan as a reference. To determine a safe and tolerable dose for efficacy studies the acute toxicity following intravenous injection in the tail vein was monitored using a 14-day schedule with up to four doses. The highest tested dose, 25 micromoles/kg, was considered close to this level, with minor effects on body weight gain but significant effects on hematological parameters. Melphalan and J1 appeared equitoxic with no statistically significant differences. Subsequently a mouse hollow fiber model was employed with subcutaneous implantation of fibers containing human tumor cells. Three different human tumor cell lines as well as two samples of primary human tumor cells (ovarian carcinoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia) were used as tumor models. At the dose level tested there was a marked and statistically significant decrease in both T-cell leukemia CCRF-CEM and small cell lung cancer NCI-H69 tumor cell growth and viability in response to J1 as compared with both placebo and melphalan treated groups. In primary ovarian carcinoma cells only J1 treatment resulted in significant tumor regression (net cell kill). In summary the results indicate that, despite an expected short half time in the blood circulation, the promising in vitro data from the previous studies of J1 seems translatable into the in vivo situation. At equal doses of alkylating units J1, compared to melphalan, was more active in the mouse hollow-fiber model, but showed similar general toxicity.
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| 24. |
- Hultman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A 15.6 frames per second 1 megapixel Multiple Exposure Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging setup
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Biophotonics. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1864-063X .- 1864-0648. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multiple exposure laser speckle contrast imaging (MELSCI) setup for visualizing blood perfusion was developed using a field programmable gate array (FPGA), connected to a 1000 frames per second (fps) 1-megapixel camera sensor. Multiple exposure time images at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 milliseconds were calculated by cumulative summation of 64 consecutive snapshot images. The local contrast was calculated for all exposure times using regions of 4 × 4 pixels. Averaging of multiple contrast images from the 64-millisecond acquisition was done to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The results show that with an effective implementation of the algorithm on an FPGA, contrast images at all exposure times can be calculated in only 28 milliseconds. The algorithm was applied to data recorded during a 5 minutes finger occlusion. Expected contrast changes were found during occlusion and the following hyperemia in the occluded finger, while unprovoked fingers showed constant contrast during the experiment. The developed setup is capable of massive data processing on an FPGA that enables processing of MELSCI data in 15.6 fps (1000/64 milliseconds). It also leads to improved frame rates, enhanced image quality and enables the calculation of improved microcirculatory perfusion estimates compared to single exposure time systems.
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| 25. |
- Hultman, Martin, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive imaging of microcirculatory changes in the foot during endovascular intervention - A technical feasibility study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Microvascular Research. - Maryland Heights, MO, United States : Academic Press. - 0026-2862 .- 1095-9319. ; 141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) has a major impact on patient's lives and is associated with a heavy health care burden with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment by endovascular intervention is mostly based on macrocirculatory information from angiography and does not consider the microcirculation. Despite successful endovascular intervention according to angiographic criteria, a proportion of patients fail to heal ischemic lesions. This might be due to impaired microvascular perfusion and variations in the supply to different angiosomes. Non-invasive optical techniques for microcirculatory perfusion and oxygen saturation imaging have the potential to provide the interventionist with additional information in real-time, supporting clinical decisions during the intervention. This study presents a novel multimodal imaging system, based on multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging and multi-spectral imaging, for continuous use during endovascular intervention. The results during intervention display spatiotemporal changes in the microcirculation compatible with expected physiological reactions during balloon dilation, with initially induced ischemia followed by a restored perfusion, and local administration of a vasodilator inducing hyperemia. We also present perioperative and postoperative follow-up measurements with a pulsatile microcirculation perfusion. Finally, cases of spatial heterogeneity in the observed oxygen saturation and perfusion are discussed. In conclusion, this technical feasibility study shows the potential of the methodology to characterize changes in microcirculation before, during, and after endovascular intervention.
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| 26. |
- Hultman, Martin, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a high framerate multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging setup
- 2018
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Ingår i: High-Speed Biomedical Imaging and Spectroscopy III. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9781510614963
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a first evaluation of a new multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging (MELSCI) system for assessing spatial variations in the microcirculatory perfusion. The MELSCI system is based on a 1000 frames per second 1-megapixel camera connected to a field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) capable of producing MELSCI data in realtime. The imaging system is evaluated against a single point laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) system during occlusionrelease provocations of the arm in five subjects. Perfusion is calculated from MELSCI data using current state-of-the-art inverse models. The analysis displayed a good agreement between measured and modeled data, with an average error below 6%. This strongly indicates that the applied model is capable of accurately describing the MELSCI data and that the acquired data is of high quality. Comparing readings from the occlusion-release provocation showed that the MELSCI perfusion was significantly correlated (R=0.83) to the single point LDF perfusion, clearly outperforming perfusion estimations based on a single exposure time. We conclude that the MELSCI system provides blood flow images of enhanced quality, taking us one step closer to a system that accurately can monitor dynamic changes in skin perfusion over a large area in real-time
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| 27. |
- Hultman, Martin, 1992-
(författare)
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Real-time multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging of skin microcirculatory perfusion
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The microcirculation, the blood flow in the smallest blood vessels in the body, has a vital function as this is where oxygen and nutrients diffuses from the blood to to the surrounding cells. An important quantity is the tissue perfusion, a measure of the microcirculation’s capacity to provide oxygen and nutrients to the cells. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a non-invasive optical technique that captures images of the microcirculatory perfusion by analysing the local contrast in the laser speckle pattern that forms when tissue is illuminated by a laser. LSCI has seen extensive use in clinical research due to the easy and cheap measurement setup, and high spatial and temporal resolution. Despite this, clinical acceptance and routine use remains low. Some of the drawbacks of the technique is a limitation to relative measurements in arbitrary units, as well as high susceptibility to measurement noise and confounding properties of the tissue. This makes comparisons difficult, especially between patients. An extension of LSCI called multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging (MELSCI) was proposed to deal with some of these issues, although the more complicated data acquisition and models prevented real-time use. MELSCI has in-stead been used exclusively as an offline technique where data is post-processed, and the clinical use has been non-existent. Furthermore, existing models for LSCI and MELSCI are designed for tissues where individual vessels are visible, such as the surface of the brain or on the retina. For measurements in the diffuse regime, such as on skin tissue, these models are no longer physiologically accurate, resulting in incorrect perfusion estimates.This thesis presents a MELSCI-based perfusion imaging instrument that is simultaneously fast and physiologically accurate for measurements of skin. There are three main parts to this work; development of a real-time MELSCI system, development of perfusion models for skin, and demonstration of the system in a clinical feasibility study.A real-time MELSCI instrument was developed based on a high-speed CMOS camera tightly integrated with algorithms in a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The algorithm was based on synthetic multi-exposure, where a set of 64 individual 1-ms images were digitally added to create multi-exposure images at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 ms. The resulting multi-exposure data was demonstrated to have high quality and less susceptibility to measurement noise than previous models. The instrument enabled continuous acquisition and analysis of MELSCI data in real-time at 15.6 frames per second, sufficiently fast to capture the temporal dynamics of the skin perfusion.To enable real-time estimation of accurate and physiologically relevant perfusion from the MELSCI data, two artificial neural networks were trained on synthetic data from a mathematical model of skin. The first estimated perfusion as computed by conventional laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), demonstrating a high correlation between the two methods. The second estimated true perfusion in absolute units %RBC × mm/s separated into three distinct speed components, 0-1 mm/s, 1-10 mm/s and >10 mm/s. The ANNs removed the need for iterative optimization algorithms, resulting in more than 1000x speed-up over previous methods, and enabled real-time use in an imaging setting.The instrument was demonstrated in controlled experiments on healthy volunteers, using standardized occlusion-release provocations, and in a clinical feasibility study where the foot perfusion was monitored during endovascular interventions in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. The instrument enabled continuous imaging of perfusion, with sufficiently high framerate to capture the pulsatile dynamics, or lack thereof, at each point in time. The necessity for both high spatial and temporal resolution to properly asses the microcirculation was demonstrated.The advancements to MELSCI proposed in this thesis has the potential to improve the clinical viability of the technique, increase interpretability of the results, and might lead to improved treatments based on a better understanding of the complex processes in the microcirculation.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Häggblad, Erik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Reflectance spectroscopy
- 2000
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Ingår i: Eight Int Symp CNVD 2000,2000. ; , s. 45-50
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Interdonato, Giovanni, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Downlink Spectral Efficiency of Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Full-Pilot Zero-Forcing
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP). - : IEEE. - 9781728112954 - 9781728112947 - 9781728112961 ; , s. 1003-1007
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell-free Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ensures ubiquitous communication at high spectral efficiency (SE) thanks to increased macro-diversity as compared cellular communications. However, system scalability and performance are limited by fronthauling traffic and interference. Unlike conventional precoding schemes that only suppress intra-cell interference, full-pilot zero-forcing (fpZF), introduced in [1], actively suppresses also inter-cell interference, without sharing channel state information (CSI) among the access points (APs). In this study, we derive a new closed-form expression for the downlink (DL) SE of a cell-free Massive MIMO system with multi-antenna APs and fpZF precoding, under imperfect CSI and pilot contamination. The analysis also includes max-min fairness DL power optimization. Numerical results show that fpZF significantly outperforms maximum ratio transmission scheme, without increasing the fronthauling overhead, as long as the system is sufficiently distributed.
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| 33. |
- Karlsson, Marcus, 1988-
(författare)
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Blind Massive MIMO Base Stations : Downlink Transmission and Jamming
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input--Multiple-Output) is a cellular-network technology in which the base station is equipped with a large number of antennas and aims to serve several different users simultaneously, on the same frequency resource through spatial multiplexing. This is made possible by employing efficient beamforming, based on channel estimates acquired from uplink reference signals, where the base station can transmit the signals in such a way that they add up constructively at the users and destructively elsewhere. The multiplexing together with the array gain from the beamforming can increase the spectral efficiency over contemporary systems.One challenge of practical importance is how to transmit data in the downlink when no channel state information is available. When a user initially joins the network, prior to transmitting uplink reference signals that enable beamforming, it needs system information---instructions on how to properly function within the network. It is transmission of system information that is the main focus of this thesis. In particular, the thesis analyzes how the reliability of the transmission of system information depends on the available amount of diversity. It is shown how downlink reference signals, space-time block codes, and power allocation can be used to improve the reliability of this transmission.In order to estimate the uplink and downlink channels from uplink reference signals, which is imperative to ensure scalability in the number of base station antennas, massive MIMO relies on channel reciprocity. This thesis shows that the principles of channel reciprocity can also be exploited by a jammer, a malicious transmitter, aiming to disrupt legitimate communication between two single-antenna devices. A heuristic scheme is proposed in which the jammer estimates the channel to a target device blindly, without any knowledge of the transmitted legitimate signals, and subsequently beamforms noise towards the target. Under the same power constraint, the proposed jammer can disrupt the legitimate link more effectively than a conventional omnidirectional jammer in many cases.
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| 34. |
- Larsson, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Do patients with large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke harboring prestroke disability benefit from thrombectomy?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 267, s. 2667-2674
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Evidence of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic stroke in patients harboring substantial prestroke disability is lacking due to their exclusion from randomized trials. Here, we used routine care observational data to compare outcomes in patients with and without prestroke disability receiving EVT for LVO ischemic stroke. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing EVT for acute LVO ischemic stroke at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital from January 1st, 2015 to March 31st, 2018 were registered in the Sahlgrenska Stroke Recanalization Registry. Pre- and poststroke functional levels were assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Outcomes were recanalization rate (mTICI = 2b/3), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage [sICH], complications during hospital stay, and return to prestroke functional level and mortality at 3 months. Results: Among 591 patients, 90 had prestroke disability (mRS ≥ 3). The latter group were older, more often female, had more comorbidities and higher NIHSS scores before intervention compared to patients without prestroke disability. Recanalization rates (80.0% vs 85.0%, p = 0.211), sICH (2.2% vs 6.3% p = 0.086) and the proportion of patients returning to prestroke functional level (22.7% vs 14.8% p = 0.062) did not significantly differ between those with and without prestroke disability. Patients with prestroke disability had higher complication rates during hospital stay (55.2% vs 40.1% p < 0.01) and mortality at 3 months (48.9% vs 24.3% p < 0.001). Conclusion: One of five with prestroke disability treated with thrombectomy for a LVO ischemic stroke returned to their prestroke functional level. However, compared to patients without prestroke disability, mortality at 3 months was higher. © 2020, The Author(s).
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| 35. |
- Larsson, Karl, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Jumps and stochastic volatility in oil prices : Time series evidence
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 33:3, s. 504-514
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we examine the empirical performance of affine jump diffusion models with stochastic volatility in a time series study of crude oil prices. We compare four different models and estimate them using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. The support for a stochastic volatility model including jumps in both prices and volatility is strong and the model clearly outperforms the others in terms of a superior fit to data. Our estimation method allows us to obtain a detailed study of oil prices during two periods of extreme market stress included in our sample; the Gulf war and the recent financial crisis. We also address the economic significance of model choice in two option pricing applications. The implied volatilities generated by the different estimated models are compared and we price a real option to develop an oil field. Our findings indicate that model choice can have a material effect on the option values.
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| 36. |
- Larsson, Marcus, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of advanced glycated end product accumulation in skin using auto fluorescence multispectral imaging
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Computers in Biology and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0010-4825 .- 1879-0534. ; 85, s. 106-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have shown that advanced glycation end products (AGE) play a role in both the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes and are closely linked to inflammation and atherosclerosis. AGEs accumulate in skin and can be detected using their auto fluorescence (AF).A significant correlation exists between AGE AF and the levels of AGEs as obtained from skin biopsies. A commercial device, the AGE Reader, has become available to assess skin AF for clinical purposes but, while displaying promising results, it is limited to single-point measurements performed in contact to skin tissue. Furthermore, in vivo imaging of AGE accumulation is virtually unexplored.We proposed a non-invasive, contact-less novel technique for quantifying fluorescent AGE deposits in skin tissue using a multispectral imaging camera setup (MSI) during ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Imaging involved applying a region-of-interest mask, avoiding specular reflections and a simple calibration. Results of a study conducted on 16 subjects with skin types ranging from fair to deeply pigmented skin, showed that AGE measured with MSI in forearm skin was significantly correlated with the AGE reference method (AGE Reader on forearm skin, R=0.68, p=0.005). AGE measured in facial skin was borderline significantly related to AGE Reader on forearm skin (R=0.47, p=0.078). These results support the use of the technique in devices for non-touch measurement of AGE content in either facial or forearm skin tissue over time.
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| 37. |
- Larsson, Marcus, 1974-
(författare)
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Influence of optical properties on Laser Doppler Flowmetry
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is based on the principle that a Doppler shift occurs when coherent light is scattered by a moving object, i.e. red blood cell (RBC). The magnitude of these frequency shifts affects the optical beating that occurs w hen shifted and non-shifted light is mixed. Based on the optical beating, an LDF perfusion measure is calculated. However, the measure is not only sensitive to the RBC velocity and concentration, but also to the photon path Jength in tissue and the scattering characteristics of the RBC. The Jatter two are both govemed by the optical properties (OP), attributes that differ both within and between individuals.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate how the RBC and tissue OP affect the LDF perfusion measure, and to propose methods that partly correct for these errors. Phantom measurements and Monte Carlo simulations showed that the LDF perfusion was significantly affected by variations in OP relevant to skin, especially when comparing individual readings. Simulations revealed that the variations in OP affected the LDF perfusion and the photon path length in a similar manner. This suggests that a path length normalised measure would decrease the OP induced variations, possibly enabling accurate intra and inter-individual comparisons of LDF perfusion measures in different organs.A path length estimation technique, based on spatially diffuse reflectance, is proposed and evaluated. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the algorithm predicted the photon path length with an rms error of less than 5%. In vivo measurement (11 subjects) displayed a longer estimated path length (~35%) for the fingertip compared to the forearm. Comparing individual measurements from similar locations, variations up to 40% (max/min) were found. These findings clearly indicate the need for a path length normalization when comparing LDF readings.The LDF Doppler spectrum is govemed by the RBC velocity distribution and its phase function. In this thesis, an approach is presented where a measured LDF Doppler spectrum is decomposed using a number of theoretical, single-velocity spectra. As a result, a velocity-resolved perfusion measure is achieved. As the blood flow velocity depends on the dimension of the blood vessel, this approach has the potential to differentiate between arteriole/ venule and capillary activity. In addition, the path length estimation technique and the RBC scattering theory, presented in this thesis, provides a promising step towards an absolute perfusion measure.
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| 38. |
- Larsson, Marcus, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of tissue phantom optical properties and emitting - receiving fiber distance on Laser Doppler flowmetry
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging,2000. - San José : SPIE. - 0819435392 ; , s. 56-63
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of emitting - receiving fiber distance on the perfusion signal in laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) for a range of optical properties has been studied. A custom made LDF probe with eight 230 μm fibers arranged in a row was used. Measurements were made on a tissue phantom with three different sets of optical properties (P={μs; μa} [mm-1]; P1={14.7; 0.212}, P2={44.9; 0.226} and P3=(45.6; 0.0532}). A single moving disc simulated flow at four different depths. The noise-corrected perfusion for a given set of optical properties (P), fiber distance (l) and disc depth (d) is defined as Perf(ν,P,d,l)=k(P,d,l) v, where v is the speed of the rotating disc. The relative difference between two slopes, Δk(Pa,Pb,l,d), indicates how sensitive the LDF readings are to changes in optical properties (Pb → Pa) for given disc depth and fiber distance. Evaluation of Δk(P1,P2,d,l) (reflects changes in scattering coefficient, μs) and Δk(P3,P2,d,l) (reflects changes in absorption coefficient, μa) indicated that LDF perfusion was more sensitive to the changes in μs than in μa. The sensitivity also increased with increasing disc depth. A fiber distance of 920 [μm] was found to minimize these effects. E.g. the sensitivity due to the variations in μs, for fiber distance l1=920, l2=230 [μm] and for all disc depths, was Δk(P1,P2,l1)=[0.76, 1.06, 1.58, 2.40] and Δk(P1,P2,l2)=[1.61, 2.98, 5.04, 7.67].
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Manni, Giovanni Li, et al.
(författare)
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The OpenMolcas Web : A Community-Driven Approach to Advancing Computational Chemistry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9618 .- 1549-9626. ; 19:20, s. 6933-6991
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The developments of the open-source OpenMolcas chemistry software environment since spring 2020 are described, with a focus on novel functionalities accessible in the stable branch of the package or via interfaces with other packages. These developments span a wide range of topics in computational chemistry and are presented in thematic sections: electronic structure theory, electronic spectroscopy simulations, analytic gradients and molecular structure optimizations, ab initio molecular dynamics, and other new features. This report offers an overview of the chemical phenomena and processes OpenMolcas can address, while showing that OpenMolcas is an attractive platform for state-of-the-art atomistic computer simulations.
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| 41. |
- Nayeri, Fariba, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatocyte growth factor may accelerate healing in chronic leg ulcers : a pilot study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of dermatological treatment (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-6634 .- 1471-1753. ; 13:2, s. 81-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND : Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a heparin-binding protein with mitogenic, motogenic and morphogenic activities for various cell types. The regenerative properties of HGF have been the object of several animal and in vitro studies in recent years.OBJECTIVE : To investigate the physiological and therapeutic effects of HGF on chronic leg ulcers.METHODS : HGF in gel form was locally applied, once daily for 7 days, to 15 of 19 chronic leg ulcers in 11 elderly patients. All patients had previously been treated by conventional methods and their leg ulcers had been in stable conditions for between 1 and 14 years. Any signs of allergy, discomfort or pain were reported daily. Microcirculation perfusion in the ulcers, compared to the intact contiguous skin, was determined by laser Doppler at the beginning of the study, after 1 week and again after 3 months (in seven patients). Ulcer size and characteristics were also documented.RESULTS : It was observed that microcirculatory perfusion, which might reflect the angiogenic effect of HGF, was statistically significantly correlated ( r = 0.94, p < 0.002) to ulcer area reduction in the treated ulcers. Excellent (84-100% area reduction) or partial healing (58-59%) was seen in eight out of 11 patients. No control group was included in this pilot study, which must be completed by proper control studies.CONCLUSION : This study suggests that HGF may heal chronic leg ulcers, possibly by improving the microcirculation. Proper control studies need to be performed.
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| 42. |
- Nilsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Photon pathlength determination based on spatially resolved diffuse reflectance
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 7:3, s. 478-485
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for the prediction of the average photon pathlength in turbid media has been developed. The method is based on spatially resolved diffuse reflectance with discrete source detector distances up to 2 mm. Light reflectance was simulated using a Monte Carlo technique with a one-layer model utilizing a wide range of optical properties, relevant to human skin. At a source detector separation of 2 mm, the pathlength can vary sixfold due to differences in optical properties. By applying various preprocessing and prediction techniques, the pathlength can be predicted with a root-mean-square error of approximately 5%. Estimation of the photon pathlength can be used, e.g., to remove the influence of optical properties on laser Doppler flowmetry perfusion readings, which are almost linearly related to the average photon pathlength.
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| 43. |
- Pettersson, Camilla, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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LDL-associated apolipoprotein J and lysozyme are associated with atherogenic properties of LDL found in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 269:3, s. 306-321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Exchangeable low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-associated proteins can affect the atherogenic properties of LDL. Our aim was to analyze the protein composition of LDL from individuals with or without type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (T2DM) in relation to other LDL-particle characteristics, to assess whether certain proteins associate more with certain subclasses of LDL typical for T2DM, such as small, apoCIII-rich LDL. Design LDL from two cohorts of 61-year-old men (n = 19 and 64) with or without T2DM was isolated using size-exclusion chromatography or deuterium oxide-based ultracentrifugation. LDL-associated proteins were identified using mass spectrometry and quantified using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differently expressed LDL-associated proteins apolipoprotein (apo)J and lysozyme were also measured in serum from a third cohort of women (n = 71) with or without T2DM. Lysozyme binding to advanced glycation end product (AGE)-LDL was examined in vitro. Results ApoJ and lysozyme were increased in LDL particles with increased apoCIII content and decreased cholesterol content. When isolated with SEC, LDL from individuals with T2DM contained more apoJ and lysozyme and less apoA1 than LDL from control individuals. LDL content of apoJ correlated with a smaller LDL-particle size. Serum levels of lysozyme, but not apoJ, were increased in individuals with T2DM. In vitro, lysozyme associated more with AGE-LDL than with unmodified LDL. Conclusions Our results indicate that apoJ and lysozyme are increased in LDL with characteristics of small dense LDL in T2DM. Small dense LDL is easily glycated, and the increased affinity of lysozyme for AGE-LDL provides a possible partial explanation for an increase of lysozyme from those with type 2 diabetes.
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| 44. |
- Shi, Yonghong, et al.
(författare)
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Mammalian transcription factor A is a core component of the mitochondrial transcription machinery
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:41, s. 16510-16515
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transcription factor A (TFAM) functions as a DNA packaging factor in mammalian mitochondria. TFAM also binds sequence-specifically to sites immediately upstream of mitochondrial promoters, but there are conflicting data regarding its role as a core component of the mitochondrial transcription machinery. We here demonstrate that TFAM is required for transcription in mitochondrial extracts as well as in a reconstituted in vitro transcription system. The absolute requirement of TFAM can be relaxed by conditions that allow DNA breathing, i.e., low salt concentrations or negatively supercoiled DNA templates. The situation is thus very similar to that described in nuclear RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription, in which the free energy of supercoiling can circumvent the need for a subset of basal transcription factors at specific promoters. In agreement with these observations, we demonstrate that TFAM has the capacity to induce negative supercoils in DNA, and, using the recently developed nucleobase analog FRET-pair tC(O)-tC(nitro), we find that TFAM distorts significantly the DNA structure. Our findings differ from recent observations reporting that TFAM is not a core component of the mitochondrial transcription machinery. Instead, our findings support a model in which TFAM is absolutely required to recruit the transcription machinery during initiation of transcription.
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| 45. |
- Strömberg, Tomas, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental results using a three-layer skin model for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue X. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819493477 ; , s. 857834-1-857834-8
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have previously presented an inverse Monte Carlo algorithm based on a three-layer semi-infinite skin model for analyzing diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) data. The algorithm includes pre-simulated Monte Carlo data for a range of physiologically relevant epidermal thicknesses and tissue scattering levels. The simulated photon pathlength distributions in each layer are stored and the absorption effect from tissue chromophores added in the post-processing. Recorded DRS spectra at source-detector distances of 0.4 and 1.2 mm were calibrated for the relative intensity between the two distances and matched to simulated spectra in a non-linear optimization algorithm. This study evaluates the DRS spectral fitting accuracy and presents data on the main output parameters; the tissue fraction of red blood cells and local oxygenation (SO2). As a reference, the microcirculatory perfusion (Perf) was measured simultaneously in the same probe using laser Doppler Flowmetry. Data were recorded on the volar forearm of three healthy subjects in a protocol involving a 5 min systolic occlusion. The DRS spectra were modeled with an rms-error < 2%. In two subjects, SO2 decreased during occlusion to <10%, and increased to above baseline after hyperemia, while Perf increased >7 times compared to baseline. In the third subject the SO2 decreased less during occlusion and increased to baseline values at hyperemia with only a 2-fold increase in Perf. The observed difference could be due to different microvascular beds being probed. It is concluded that integrating DRS and LDF enables new possibilities to deduce microcirculation status.
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