| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Engström, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Lung complications are common in intensive care treated patients with pelvis fractures : a retrospective cohort study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1757-7241. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The incidence of severe respiratory complications in patients with pelvis fractures needing intensive care have not previously been studied. Therefore, the aims of this registry study were to 1) determine the number of ICU patients with pelvis fractures who had severe respiratory complications 2) whether the surgical intervention in these patients is associated with the pulmonary condition and 3) whether there is an association between lung complications and mortality. We hypothesized that acute hypoxic failure (AHF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 1) are common in ICU treated patients with pelvis fractures, 2) are not related to the reconstructive surgery, or to 3) to mortality.Methods: All patients in the database cohort (n = 112), scheduled for surgical stabilization of pelvis ring and/or acetabulum fractures, admitted to the general ICU at Uppsala University Hospital between 2007 and 2014 for intensive care were included.Results: The incidence of AHF/ARDS was 67 % (75/112 patients), i.e., the percentage of patients that at any period during the ICU stay fulfilled the AHF/ARDS criteria. The incidence of AHF was 44 % and incidence of ARDS was 23 %. The patients with AHF/ARDS had more lung contusions and pneumonia than the patients without AHF/ARDS. Overall, there were no significant changes in oxygenation variables associated with surgery. However, 23 patients with pre-operative normal lung status developed AHF/ARDS in relation to the surgical procedure, whereas 12 patients with AHF/ARDS normalized their lung condition. The patients who developed AHF/ARDS had a higher incidence of lung contusion (P = 0.04) and the surgical stabilization was performed earlier (5 versus 10 days) in these patients (P = 0.03).Conclusions: We found that the incidence of respiratory failure in ICU treated patients with pelvis fractures was high, that the procedure around surgical stabilization seems to be associated with a worsening in the respiratory function in patients with lung contusion, and that mortality was low and was probably not related to the respiratory condition.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Att vara ett mänskligt hjälpmedel: en studie om att arbeta som personlig assistent
- 2004
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok handlar om yrkesgruppen personliga assistenter. Den tillkom som ett resultat av 1994 års handikappreform. Flera studier har behandlat personlig assistans. Få har intresserat sig för assistenternas erfarenheter. Därför vill boken belysa hur det kan vara att arbeta som personlig assistent, vilka möjligheter och svårigheter yrkesrollen innebär. Boken bygger på en vetenskaplig studie baserat bland annat på intervjuer och ett relativt omfattande enkätmaterial. Framställningen är gjord på ett sådant sett att alla som är intresserade av att öka kunskapen om personliga assistenter och deras verksamhet skall kunna ha nytta av boken.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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LSS 2016
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boken behandlar lagen (1993:387) om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade LSS och 51 kap socialförsäkringsbalken om assistansersättning. Boken är lämplig i utbildningssammanhang vid t.ex. universitet och högskolor.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade LSS 2018
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade är en uppslagsbok för alla som arbetar med frågor som berör personer med funktionsnedsättning. Boken gör det enkelt för både tjänstemän och förtroendevalda att hålla sig uppdaterade. Den fyller också en viktig funktion i utbildningssammanhang vid såväl universitet och högskolor som yrkeshögskolor och folkhögskolor. För exempelvis studenter inom juridik, vård, socialt arbete och socialpedagogik ger boken en bra grund för att förstå lagen och dess användning. Boken har en tydlig struktur med tydliga rubriker och aktuella lagkommentarer samt de senaste mest relevanta rättsfallen logiskt placerade i förhållande till lagen.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade LSS 2021
- 2021
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alla som arbetar med myndighetsutövning behöver ha aktuell lagstiftning nära till hands för att garantera klienter och brukare en rättssäker samhällsservice. Motsatsen leder till både personligt lidande för den enskilde och slöseri med tid och pengar för att hantera överklaganden. LSS 2021 är en nödvändig informations- och lärobok för alla som arbetar med frågor som berör personer med funktionsnedsättning.
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| 11. |
- Larsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade LSS 2022
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alla som arbetar med myndighetsutövning behöver ha aktuelllagstiftning nära till hands för att garantera klienter och brukareen rättssäker samhällsservice. Motsatsen leder till både personligtlidande för den enskilde och slöseri med tid och pengar för atthantera överklaganden.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Larsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade : LSS 2024
- 2024
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Boken innehåller aktuella lagändringar och domstolsbeslut för att enkelt se att medborgaren får rätt stöd. Den klara och begripliga framställningen rätar snabbt ut de flesta frågetecknen kring lagens innehåll och tillämpning.
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| 14. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
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| 15. |
- Rewers, Marian, et al.
(författare)
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The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 1150, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unknown, but a growing body of evidence points to infectious agents and/or components of early childhood diet. The National Institutes of Health has established the TEDDY Study consortium of six clinical centers in the United States and Europe and a data coordinating center to identify environmental factors predisposing to, or protective against, islet autoimmunity and T1D. From 2004-2009, TEDDY will screen more than 360,000 newborns from both the general population and families already affected by T1D to identify an estimated 17,804 children with high-risk HLA-DR,DQ genotypes. Of those, 7,801 (788 first-degree relatives and 7,013 newborns with no family history of T1D) will be enrolled in prospective follow-up beginning before the age of 4.5 months. As of May 2008, TEDDY has screened more than 250,000 newborns and enrolled nearly 5,000 infants--approximately 70% of the final cohort. Participants are seen every 3 months up to 4 years of age, with subsequent visits every 6 months until the subject is 15 years of age. Blood samples are collected at each visit for detection of candidate infectious agents and nutritional biomarkers; monthly stool samples are collected for infectious agents. These samples are saved in a central repository. Primary endpoints include (1) appearance of one or more islet autoantibodies (to insulin, GAD65 or IA-2) confirmed at two consecutive visits; (2) development of T1D. By age 15, an estimated 800 children will develop islet autoimmunity and 400 will progress to T1D; 67 and 27 children have already reached these endpoints.
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| 16. |
- Tabrizi, Fara, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Routledge. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 52:4, s. 295-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychiatric disorders are common, and reliable measures are crucial for research and clinical practice. A cross-diagnostic construct that can be used to index treatment outcomes as well as prevalence of psychological ill health is psychological flexibility. The aim of this study was to validate a Swedish version of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). The MPFI has 12 subscales, six of which measure flexibility, and six that measure inflexibility. Using confirmatory factor analysis in a community sample of 670 participants, we found that a model with two higher order factors had satisfactory fit (CFI = .933) and a 12-factor model had the best fit to the data (CFI = .955). All 12 subscales showed adequate reliability (CRs = .803-.933) and the factor structure was similar across age groups and gender. Findings suggest that the Swedish version of the MPFI is a reliable instrument that can be used to index psychological flexibility. Potential areas for improvement of the instrument are discussed.
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| 17. |
- Vos, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9995, s. 743-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2.4 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537.6 million in 1990 to 764.8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114.87 per 1000 people to 110.31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21.1% in 1990 to 31.2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries.
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| 18. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Abugabbara, Marwan, et al.
(författare)
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How to develop fifth-generation district heating and cooling in Sweden? : Application review and best practices proposed by middle agents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy Reports. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-4847. ; 9, s. 4971-4983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has an ambitious plan to fully decarbonise district heating by 2030 and to contribute with negative emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050. The vagaries of the energy market associated with climate, political, and social changes entail cross-sectoral integration that can fulfill these national targets. Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) is a relatively new concept of district energy systems that features a simultaneous supply of heating and cooling using power-to-heat technologies. This paper presents best practices for developing 5GDHC systems in Sweden to reach a consensus view on these systems among all stakeholders. A mixed-method combining best practice and roadmapping workshops has been used to disseminate mixed knowledge and experience from middle agents representing industry professionals and practitioners. Four successful implementations of 5GDHC systems are demonstrated and the important learned lessons are shared. The best practices are outlined for system planning, system modeling and simulation, prevailing business models for energy communities, and system monitoring. A roadmap from the middle agents’ point of view is composed and can be utilised to establish industry standards and common regulatory frameworks. © 2023 The Author(s)
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| 21. |
- Al-Rekabi, Zeinab, et al.
(författare)
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Uncovering the cytotoxic effects of air pollution with multi-modal imaging of in vitro respiratory models
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : Royal Society Publishing. - 2054-5703. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Annually, an estimated seven million deaths are linked to exposure to airborne pollutants. Despite extensive epidemiological evidence supporting clear associations between poor air quality and a range of short- and long-term health effects, there are considerable gaps in our understanding of the specific mechanisms by which pollutant exposure induces adverse biological responses at the cellular and tissue levels. The development of more complex, predictive, in vitro respiratory models, including two- and three-dimensional cell cultures, spheroids, organoids and tissue cultures, along with more realistic aerosol exposure systems, offers new opportunities to investigate the cytotoxic effects of airborne particulates under controlled laboratory conditions. Parallel advances in high-resolution microscopy have resulted in a range of in vitro imaging tools capable of visualizing and analysing biological systems across unprecedented scales of length, time and complexity. This article considers state-of-the-art in vitro respiratory models and aerosol exposure systems and how they can be interrogated using high-resolution microscopy techniques to investigate cell-pollutant interactions, from the uptake and trafficking of particles to structural and functional modification of subcellular organelles and cells. These data can provide a mechanistic basis from which to advance our understanding of the health effects of airborne particulate pollution and develop improved mitigation measures.
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| 22. |
- Almqvist, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Kan man på programnivå vända negativa trender?
- 2008
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Ingår i: 5:e Pedagogiska inspirationskonferensen.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ansökningstalen för Elektroteknikprogrammet, LTH, har sedan IT-kraschen 2000 minskat kraftigt. Detta fenomen är inte unikt för Lund utan kan noteras på Sveriges övriga tekniska högskolor och internationellt i västvärlden. De programansvariga har under flera år varit medvetna om problemen och har på bred front försökt att möta de nya förutsättningarna och vända trenden. Färsk statistik visar att våra åtgärder haft positiv effekt.
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| 23. |
- Alrutz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Projektledning
- 2013
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
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| 24. |
- André, Erik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance of Low-Carbon School Meals with and without Information—A Controlled Intervention Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Policy. - 0168-7034 .- 1573-0700. ; 47:1, s. 109-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This controlled intervention study focused on optimizing a school lunch menu to achieve a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The objective was to evaluate the impact of introducing a low-carbon menu on pupils’ acceptance of school meals, as well as to assess whether providing information about the menu change independently influenced pupils’ acceptance. The study was conducted across six compulsory schools in a Swedish municipality, divided into three groups: schools implementing a menu change only (Menu), schools implementing a menu change with clear information provided to pupils (Menu + Info), and control schools serving the standard menu (Control). During a seven-week baseline period, all schools served the standard menu. Subsequently, for seven weeks, Menu and Menu + Info schools transitioned to a low-carbon menu achieved through the utilization of low-carbon recipes—reducing the proportion of food items with significant climate footprints while maintaining the recommended nutritional standards. In Menu + Info schools, pupils were presented with an informative video about the menu change during class. The acceptance of the low-carbon menu was evaluated through daily measurements of food consumption, plate waste, and meal satisfaction surveys. The study’s findings revealed that neither the menu change nor the information significantly affected the pupils’ acceptance of the new menu. These results align with prior studies, reinforcing the viability of employing low-carbon recipes to reduce the climate footprint of school meals. Moreover, this study demonstrates that providing supplemental information for transparency or educational purposes can be implemented without adversely affecting menu acceptance.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-
(författare)
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Boosting behavioral change in residential electricity consumption : demand response programs and feedback
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As part of realizing national and European climate ambitions, it is imperative to bring about increased energy efficiency and consumption flexibility in the residential sector of the Swedish power market. In addition to governmental policy instruments to this end, market-based measures play an important role in making behavioral change in domestic electricity use happen. In light of the prevailing lack of incentives for residential consumers to save electricity and cut peak demand at times of physical and financial market constraints, the research studies that form the basis of this thesis have the aim of adding to the body of knowledge on policy instruments for the purpose of boosting behavioral change in residential electricity consumption. The research has accordingly contributed to the general statistics on residential electricity consumption, which constitute the starting point for policy instrument development, and augmented knowledge on the merits of residential demand response programs involving hourly settlements in power trading and demand-based, time-of-use tariffs in power distribution as well as graphic feedback on individual households’ electricity use by means of a statistics service provided over the Internet. The overall results have shown that household behavior, together with physical factors such as heating systems, help explain the sizeable differences in electricity consumption among homeowners. Statistical analysis of variance has in this context proven to be an effective method for identifying key indicators of policy development. Power suppliers and electricity consumers as well as society as a whole have been found to gain substantially from hourly settlements in retail. To suppliers, the greatest benefits are associated with risk management, while the major advantage to customers is that they are provided with an opportunity to reduce their electricity costs. It has also been empirically demonstrated that electricity users are willing to adjust their consumption to a demand-based, time-varying distribution tariff. Households generally have a favorable attitude towards this type of distribution tariff, seeing as they indirectly have a positive impact on the environment. Providing households with feedback over the Internet on their individual electricity use and demand has been shown to contribute to an increased awareness and lead to energy efficiency in homes. Easy accessibility and simplicity have proven to be key success factors in this context. Combining conventional bar charts, color symbolism and historic feedback is expedient in this respect.
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| 28. |
- Berggren-Nylund, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of hypoxia on bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells linked to pathogenesis in chronic lung disorders
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 14, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Chronic lung disorders involve pathological alterations in the lung tissue with hypoxia as a consequence. Hypoxia may influence the release of inflammatory mediators and growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostaglandin (PG)E 2. The aim of this work was to investigate how hypoxia affects human lung epithelial cells in combination with profibrotic stimuli and its correlation to pathogenesis. Methods: Human bronchial (BEAS-2B) and alveolar (hAELVi) epithelial cells were exposed to either hypoxia (1% O 2) or normoxia (21% O 2) during 24 h, with or without transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. mRNA expression of genes and proteins related to disease pathology were analysed with qPCR, ELISA or immunocytochemistry. Alterations in cell viability and metabolic activity were determined. Results: In BEAS-2B and hAELVi, hypoxia significantly dowregulated genes related to fibrosis, mitochondrial stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation whereas VEGF receptor 2 increased. Hypoxia increased the expression of Tenascin-C, whereas both hypoxia and TGF-β1 stimuli increased the release of VEGF, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in BEAS-2B. In hAELVi, hypoxia reduced the release of fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, PGE 2, IL-6 and IL-8, whereas TGF-β1 stimulus significantly increased the release of PGE 2 and IL-6. TGF-β1 stimulated BEAS-2B cells showed a decreased release of VEGF-A and IL-8, while TGF-β1 stimulated hAELVi cells showed a decreased release of PGE 2 and IL-8 during hypoxia compared to normoxia. Metabolic activity was significantly increased by hypoxia in both epithelial cell types. Discussion: In conclusion, our data indicate that bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells respond differently to hypoxia and profibrotic stimuli. The bronchial epithelium appears more responsive to changes in oxygen levels and remodelling processes compared to the alveoli, suggesting that hypoxia may be a driver of pathogenesis in chronic lung disorders.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Bertoni, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot specifications definition guidelines for the implementation of a KEE solution in the aeronautical domain
- 2008
-
Ingår i: CIRP Design Conference 2008. - : Laboratory of Design, Production and Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Univ. of Twente. - 9789036526340
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Designing and implementing a Knowledge Management System (KMS) in a Virtual Enterprise is a labour intensive and risky task. Solution prototypes (Pilots) are usually built to verify system effectiveness prior to final implementation. The paper proposes a methodology to guide this Pilot specifications definition process. These guidelines support engineers and knowledge experts in collaboratively defining functionalities, services, software components and performance indicators of the prototype. The methodology has been conceived and applied within the European project VIVACE, to support the development of a Knowledge Enabled Engineering (KEE) system in the aeronautical domain.
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| 31. |
- Bertoni, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Pilot specifications definition guidelines for the implementation of a KEE solution in the aeronautical domain
- 2008
-
Ingår i: CIRP Design Conference 2008. - Enschede : Laboratory of Design, Production and Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Univ. of Twente. - 9789036526340
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design and implementation of a new Knowledge Enabled Engineering (KEE) in the context of a Virtual Enterprise is a labour intensive and risky task. In order to check, before embarking on a full-scale implementation, if the system will satisfy initial expectations, physical prototypes (Pilots) have to be tested in a near real usage environment to obtain qualitative and quantitative information for the final tuning activity. This paper proposes a methodology to guide this Pilot specifications definition process. The main aim of the roadmap proposed is to support the KMS design team in configuring a Pilot solution able to provide valid feedbacks of final system behaviour both from a software and non-software point of view.On one side the methodology guides the definition of Pilot implementation specifications from a technical perspective. It helps engineers and knowledge experts in selecting, refining, merging and cascading down the initial heterogeneous Pilot high level objectives to a lower level, and in elaborating a functional description of the KMS prototype. It proposes, moreover, a structured framework to classify KMS' performance indicators to help the Pilot task force in properly carry out the validation task.The methodology, on the other side, pushes the design team in considering those behavioural and methodological issues that arise from the necessary change in work practice as a result of implementing the KMS within a Virtual design environment. In parallel with the definition of technical specifications, the roadmap supports knowledge experts in developing and testing a set of Knowledge Management guidelines, intended as a list of Best Practices and Lesson Learned aiming to help users in utilizing the potentialities of the new solution.The methodology has been developed within the European project VIVACE to support the design and implementation of a new KEE system in the aeronautical domain.
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| 32. |
- Bonnier, Gaga, et al.
(författare)
-
Inclusive India - Re:Pune
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The historie core of Pune is seriously neglected, despite its rich cultural-historical values and evidence of the city's past for future generations. These assets are not taken inta consideration in development plans for the city. Besides the national monument of Shaniwar Wada, INTACH has identified around 200 more buildings on its heritage list. These vary from temples, to private residences and public buildings to bridges. Apart from this, INTACH also has identified heritage precincts -areas with a particular distinct character -either architectural or due to the nature of the activities which take place there. Of this list, more than a hundred buildings have found a place on the heritage list adopted by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC).
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| 33. |
- Cacciani, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective clinical study on the mechanisms underlying critical illness myopathy : A time-course approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2190-5991 .- 2190-6009. ; 13:6, s. 2669-2682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is a consequence of modern critical care resulting in general muscle wasting and paralyses of all limb and trunk muscles, resulting in prolonged weaning from the ventilator, intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and rehabilitation. CIM is associated with severe morbidity/mortality and significant negative socioeconomic consequences, which has become increasingly evident during the current COVID-19 pandemic, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive.Methods: Ten neuro-ICU patients exposed to long-term controlled mechanical ventilation were followed with repeated muscle biopsies, electrophysiology and plasma collection three times per week for up to 12 days. Single muscle fibre contractile recordings were conducted on the first and final biopsy, and a multiomics approach was taken to analyse gene and protein expression in muscle and plasma at all collection time points.Results: (i) A progressive preferential myosin loss, the hallmark of CIM, was observed in all neuro-ICU patients during the observation period (myosin:actin ratio decreased from 2.0 in the first to 0.9 in the final biopsy, P < 0.001). The myosin loss was coupled to a general transcriptional downregulation of myofibrillar proteins (P < 0.05; absolute fold change >2) and activation of protein degradation pathways (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.1), resulting in significant muscle fibre atrophy and loss in force generation capacity, which declined >65% during the 12 day observation period (muscle fibre cross-sectional area [CSA] and maximum single muscle fibre force normalized to CSA [specific force] declined 30% [P < 0.007] and 50% [P < 0.0001], respectively). (ii) Membrane excitability was not affected as indicated by the maintained compound muscle action potential amplitude upon supramaximal stimulation of upper and lower extremity motor nerves. (iii) Analyses of plasma revealed early activation of inflammatory and proinflammatory pathways (FDR < 0.1), as well as a redistribution of zinc ions from plasma.Conclusions: The mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury with release of cytokines/chemokines and the complete mechanical silencing uniquely observed in immobilized ICU patients affecting skeletal muscle gene/protein expression are forwarded as the dominant factors triggering CIM.
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| 34. |
- Caggiano, Monica Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Cell type boundaries organize plant development
- 2017
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Ingår i: eLife. - 2050-084X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In plants the dorsoventral boundary of leaves defines an axis of symmetry through thecentre of the organ separating the top (dorsal) and bottom (ventral) tissues. Although thepositioning of this boundary is critical for leaf morphogenesis, how the boundary is established andhow it influences development remains unclear. Using live-imaging and perturbation experimentswe show that leaf orientation, morphology and position are pre-patterned by HD-ZIPIII and KANgene expression in the shoot, leading to a model in which dorsoventral genes coordinate toregulate plant development by localizing auxin response between their expression domains.However we also find that auxin levels feedback on dorsoventral patterning by spatially organizingHD-ZIPIII and KAN expression in the shoot periphery. By demonstrating that the regulation ofthese genes by auxin also governs their response to wounds, our results also provide aparsimonious explanation for the influence of wounds on leaf dorsoventrality.
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| 35. |
- Carlsson, Ninni, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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”Visa i handling vad arbetet mot mäns våld är värt”
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. ; 2019:4 april
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Mitt i debatten om Josefin Nilsson och det våld mot henne som närstående berättar om i SVT-dokumentären ”Älska mig för den jag är”, tillkännager regeringen, C och L att de föreslår 45 miljoner i vårbudget för att bekämpa mäns våld mot kvinnor. Flera medier kallar det en storsatsning men är det verkligen det, frågar våldsforskare, #metoo-upprop och organisationer. Med hjälp av aktuell forskning argumenterar de för att detta är långt ifrån tillräckligt, kräver större vårbudget mot mäns våld mot kvinnor och bjuder in riksdag och regering till dialog.
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| 36. |
- Christensen, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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Active social citizenship : the case of disabled peoples' rights to personal assistance
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1501-7419 .- 1745-3011. ; 16:s1, s. 19-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal assistance is a welfare scheme that aims at increasing disabled peoples' independence and empowerment. Since the historical beginnings of this scheme, rights have played a crucial role, but are rarely analysed per se. This article presents a social scientific analysis of personal assistance legislation in the Scandinavian countries. Based on a theoretical framework focusing on variations of the concept ‘active citizenship’, it discusses the complex balance between the strength of rights and activation requirements, whether explicitly or implicitly expressed in the legislation. This article concludes that Sweden combines a strong right with implicit requirements, while Denmark and particularly Norway combine a weak right to personal assistance with rather explicit requirements that must be met in order to be eligible for the services. This article is a contribution to the discussion, originally introduced by T.H. Marshall, on how to strengthen peoples' ‘membership of society’ through social rights.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- D'Ammando, Filippo, et al.
(författare)
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A Panchromatic View of Relativistic Jets in Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Galaxies. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4434. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi of variable -ray emission from radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies revealed the presence of a possible third class of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets in addition to blazars and radio galaxies. Considering that NLSy1 are usually hosted in spiral galaxies, this finding poses intriguing questions about the nature of these objects and the formation of relativistic jets. We report on a systematic investigation of the -ray properties of a sample of radio-loud NLSy1, including the detection of new objects, using 7 years of Fermi-LAT data with the new Pass 8 event-level analysis. In addition we discuss the radio-to-very-high-energy properties of the -ray emitting NLSy1, their host galaxy, and black hole mass in the context of the blazar scenario and the unification of relativistic jets at different scales.
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| 39. |
- Dedic, Dina, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of lignin and extractives in the oak wood of the 17th century warship Vasa
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 68:4, s. 419-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wood in the 17th century Swedish warship Vasa is weak. A depolymerization of the wood's cellulose has been linked to the weakening, but the chemical mechanisms are yet unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the lignin and tannin moieties of the wood to clarify whether the depolymerization of cellulose via ongoing oxidative mechanisms is indeed the main reason for weakening the wood in the Vasa. Lignin was analyzed by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance [cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) C-13 NMR] and by means of wet chemical degradation (thioacidolysis) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the products. No differences could be observed between the Vasa samples and the reference samples that could have been ascribed to extensive lignin degradation. Wood extracts (tannins) were analyzed by matrix- assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) combined with time-of-flight (TOF) MS and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The wood of the Vasa contained no discernible amounts of tannins, whereas still-waterlogged Vasa wood contained ellagic acid and traces of castalagin/vescalagin and grandinin. The results indicate that the condition of lignin in the Vasa wood is similar to fresh oak and that potentially harmful tannins are not present in high amounts. Thus, oxidative degradation mechanisms are not supported as a primary route to cellulose depolymerization.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Derosa, Savino, et al.
(författare)
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Reabsorption atelectasis in a porcine model of ARDS : regional and temporal effects of airway closure, oxygen, and distending pressure
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 115:10, s. 1464-1473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the small airways dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). By computed tomography (CT) imaging in a porcine experimental model of early ARDS, we aimed at studying the location and magnitude of peripheral airway closure and alveolar collapse under high and low distending pressures and high and low inspiratory oxygen fraction (FIO2). Six piglets were mechanically ventilated under anesthesia and muscle relaxation. Four animals underwent saline-washout lung injury, and two served as healthy controls. Beyond the site of assumed airway closure, gas was expected to be trapped in the injured lungs, promoting alveolar collapse. This was tested by ventilation with an FIO2 of 0.25 and 1 in sequence during low and high distending pressures. In the most dependent regions, the gas/tissue ratio of end-expiratory CT, after previous ventilation with FIO2 0.25 low-driving pressure, was significantly higher than after ventilation with FIO2 1; with high-driving pressure, this difference disappeared. Also, significant reduction in poorly aerated tissue and a correlated increase in nonaerated tissue in end-expiratory CT with FIO2 1 low-driving pressure were seen. When high-driving pressure was applied or after previous ventilation with FIO2 0.25 and low-driving pressure, this pattern disappeared. The findings suggest that low distending pressures produce widespread dependent airway closure and with high FIO2, subsequent absorption atelectasis. Low FIO2 prevented alveolar collapse during the study period because of slow absorption of gas behind closed airways.
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| 42. |
- Dimenäs, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Retorikens beprövade erfarenhet ur yrkesverksamma lärar- och sjuksköterskehandledares perspektiv
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Utbildning och lärande. - Skövde : Högskolan i Skövde. - 1653-0594. ; 6:1, s. 98-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to investigate the concept of proven experience, which is being increasingly used and emphasised in documents relating to the education of student teachers and nurses as well as in the training of these two professions. The study is aimed at academic vocational training (AVT) and is based upon interviews with the tutors of student teachers and nurses during their periods of AVT. The purpose of this study is to understand what constitutes the essence of proven experience, arising from the verbal statements given by AVT tutors in the field. The conclusion of this study is that the concept of proven experience should be considered at three levels: experience, tested experience and proven experience. Furthermore, those who use it without further consideration should understand the complexity of the concept. From a critical perspective it seems that government agencies use a concept that we assume is more characterised by ideological rhetoric than by conceptual preciseness.
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| 43. |
- Dimenäs, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Retorikens beprövande erfarenhet ur yrkesverksamma lärar- och sjuksköterskehandledares perspektiv
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Utbildning och Lärande / Education and Learning. - : Barns, ungas och vuxnas lärande vid Högskolan i Skövde. - 2001-4554. ; 6:1, s. 98-116, s. 98-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to investigate the concept of proven experience, which is being increasingly used and emphasised in documents relating to the education of student teachers and nurses as well as in the training of these two professions. The study is aimed at academic vocational training (AVT) and is based upon interviews with the tutors of student teachers and nurses during their periods of AVT. The purpose of this study is to understand what constitutes the essence of proven experience, arising from the verbal statements given by AVT tutors in the field. The conclusion of this study is that the concept of proven experience should be considered at three levels: experience, tested experience and proven experience. Furthermore, those who use it without further consideration should understand the complexity of the concept. From a critical perspective it seems that government agencies use a concept that we assume is more characterised by ideological rhetoric than by conceptual preciseness.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Ek, Monica, et al.
(författare)
-
Production of dissolving grade pulps from non-wood paper grade pulps using enzymatic and chemical pre-treatments for the viscose process
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose is the most abundant biorenewable material, constitutes an important polymer since it is used as raw material for several products, e.g. Paper and board but also cellulose-based products which have many important applications in the pharmaceutical, textile, food and paint industries. A raw material with high cellulose content and low content of hemicelluloses, residual lignin, extractives and minerals is required for the prodn. of these products, e.g. Cotton and dissolving grade pulp are used. However, the high cost prodn. of dissolving grade pulps has aroused the possibility of upgrading paper grade pulps into dissolving pulps by selective removal of hemicelluloses and subsequent activation of the pulps. This study reports the feasibility to produce dissolving grade pulps from different pulps, i.e. Non-wood paper grade pulps and conventional hardwood kraft pulps, employing enzymic and chem. pretreatments. A monocomponent endoglucanase and a xylanase followed by alk. extn. were tested in order to increase the accessibility and reactivity of the cellulose pulp and decrease the hemicellulose content, resp. An optimization of these treatments in terms of enzyme dosage, incubation time and a possible combination of them was investigated. The treatment effects on reactivity according to Fock's method, viscosity, hemicellulose content and mol. wt. distribution, using size exclusion chromatog. (SEC), were analyzed. The characterization of cellulose structure after the enzymic and chem. treatments was investigated by different techniques.
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| 46. |
- Elfstrand, Lidia, et al.
(författare)
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Recrystallization of waxy maize starch during manufacturing of starch microspheres for drug delivery: Influence of excipients
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617. ; 69:4, s. 732-741
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of ordered structure, such as crystallites, in starch was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The influence of time/temperature treatment and additives such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a carbonate buffer on the formation was investigated. The experiments were planned with a CCC (Central Composite Circumscribed) design. For all three investigated systems it could be concluded that the incubation time at 6 °C was the decisive factor for the amount of ordered structure obtained during the incubation, while the incubation time at 37 °C was the decisive factor for the thermal stability of the crystallites as expressed by Ton, Tm and Tc. The additives seemed to mainly affect the nucleation phase of crystallization process. The additives decreased the time required in order to obtain a certain level of ordering in the incubated starch samples. The carbonate buffer decreased the amount of ordered structure in starch as judged by DSC enthalpy values, while increasing the melting temperature of these structures. The additives PEG and BSA lowered the melting temperatures of the starch in the systems but increased the enthalpy values. By optimization procedure a specific amount of ordered structure with desired thermal characteristics could be predicted.
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| 47. |
- Ellman Kareld, Louise, et al.
(författare)
-
Länsprogram Kronobergs län : Regional miljöövervakning 2015-2020
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningLänsprogrammet för Regional miljöövervakning, 2015-2020 för Kronobergs län, omfattar åtta programområden: Luft, Skog, Jordbruk, Våtmarker, Landskap, Sötvatten, Miljögiftssamordning och Hälsorelaterad miljöövervakning. Övervakning planeras inom 24 delprogram, fördelade på åtta programområden. Inom två delprogram sker övervakning först nästa programperiod.Fem ingående delprogram är nationella, de genomförs över hela landet. I länet har övervakning genom Gemensamma delprogram prioriterats.19 delprogram är sådana och genomförs i samarbete med andra län. De är markerade med en asterisk (*) i anslutning till rubriken. Inga gemensamma delprogram leds dock från länet under den kommande programperioden. De gemensamma delprogrammen möjliggörs övervakning inom samtliga åtta programområden.I länsprogrammet redovisas, oberoende av finansiär, den övervakning i Kronobergs län som ska bedrivas kontinuerligt under programperioden. Den totala kostnaden för hela programmet är svår att beräkna. Naturvårdsverket lämnar bidrag med 852 000 kronor årligen, men det finns även andra medel till andra särskilt riktade medel för exempelvis kalkeffektuppföljningen inom programområde Sötvatten som Hav- och vattenmyndigheten fördelar. Inom programområde Sötvatten finansieras recipientkontrollen helt av Vattenvårdsförbunden m.fl., och råvattenkontrollen delvis av länets kommuner. Övervakning inom programområde Luft sker genom Kronobergs läns luftvårdsförbund. Övervakningen av luftföroreningar i tätorter finansieras till största delen av kommunerna inom ett så kallat samverkansområde för kontroll av luftkvalitet. Inom programområde Hälsa och miljögifter finns en god samverkan med Landstinget Kronoberg och länets kommuner.Länsprogrammet innebär att data samlas in för att ge underlag för uppföljning av preciseringar och regionala miljömål till Miljökvalitetsmålen Frisk luft, Bara naturlig försurning, Giftfri miljö, Ingen övergödning, Levande sjöar och vattendrag, Grundvatten av god kvalitet, Levande skogar, Ett rikt odlingslandskap, God bebyggd miljö och Ett rikt växt- och djurliv.
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| 48. |
- Eriksson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
The novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor AKN-028 has significant antileukemic activity in cell lines and primary cultures of acute myeloid leukemia
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Blood Cancer Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2044-5385. ; 2, s. e81-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aberrantly expressed tyrosine kinases have emerged as promising targets for drug development in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We report that AKN-028, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is a potent FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor (IC50=6 nM), causing dose-dependent inhibition of FLT3 autophosphorylation. Inhibition of KIT autophosphorylation was shown in a human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line overexpressing KIT. In a panel of 17 cell lines, AKN-028 showed cytotoxic activity in all five AML cell lines included. AKN-028 triggered apoptosis in MV4-11 by activation of caspase 3. In primary AML samples (n=15), AKN-028 induced a clear dose-dependent cytotoxic response (mean IC50 1 μM). However, no correlation between antileukemic activity and FLT3 mutation status, or to the quantitative expression of FLT3, was observed. Combination studies showed synergistic activity when cytarabine or daunorubicin was added simultaneously or 24 h before AKN-028. In mice, AKN-028 demonstrated high oral bioavailability and antileukemic effect in primary AML and MV4-11 cells, with no major toxicity observed in the experiment. In conclusion, AKN-028 is a novel TKI with significant preclinical antileukemic activity in AML. Possible sequence-dependent synergy with standard AML drugs and good oral bioavailability has made it a candidate drug for clinical trials (ongoing).
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| 49. |
- Fahlberg, Gunnar, 0, et al.
(författare)
-
Socialtjänstlagarna
- 2016
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boken ger både en historisk och aktuell beskrivning av socialtjänstlagarna. Den bygger på de grundläggande värderingar och begrepp som socialtjänstlagstiftningen vilar på. Vidare finns både bakgrund och kommentarer till lagarna inom socialtjänstens område och de övriga lagar som förordningar som ansluter till dessa.
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| 50. |
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al.
(författare)
-
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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