| 1. |
- Larsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Att vara ett mänskligt hjälpmedel: en studie om att arbeta som personlig assistent
- 2004
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok handlar om yrkesgruppen personliga assistenter. Den tillkom som ett resultat av 1994 års handikappreform. Flera studier har behandlat personlig assistans. Få har intresserat sig för assistenternas erfarenheter. Därför vill boken belysa hur det kan vara att arbeta som personlig assistent, vilka möjligheter och svårigheter yrkesrollen innebär. Boken bygger på en vetenskaplig studie baserat bland annat på intervjuer och ett relativt omfattande enkätmaterial. Framställningen är gjord på ett sådant sett att alla som är intresserade av att öka kunskapen om personliga assistenter och deras verksamhet skall kunna ha nytta av boken.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Project: PIEp - Product Innovation Engineering Programme
- 2011
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- PROJEKTSAMMANFATTNINGPIEp, Product Innovation Engineering Program är ett nationellt program som syftar till att stärka förmågan till innovativ produkt- och affärsutveckling. PIEp spänner över fältet från teori till praktik, från forskning om innovationssystem till proaktivt arbete för att stärka innovationskraft och därigenom uppnå en systemförändring inom forskning, utbildning och utveckling. PIEp skall pågå under tio år, 2007-2016 och engagera flera av Sveriges lärosäten och forskningsinstitut involverade i innovation och produktutveckling. PIEp leds och administreras vid KTH i partnerskap med Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Högskolan i Jönköping, Designhögskolan vid Umeå Universitet, Centrum för Teknik, Medicin och Hälsa, Luleå Tekniska Universitet, samt en rad företag och organisationer.
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| 3. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 366:5, s. 433-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixed-meal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels.RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P=0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period.
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| 4. |
- Riise, Gerdt C., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The intrabronchial microbial flora in chronic bronchitis patients: a target for N-acetylcysteine therapy?
- 1994
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Ingår i: Eur Respir J. - 0903-1936. ; 7:1, s. 94-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic bronchitis is common among smokers, often together with recurrent infectious exacerbations. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are the pathogens traditionally considered most important. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment has been shown to reduce the number of infectious exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis. The mechanism behind this is unknown. We attempted to characterize the intrabronchial bacterial flora in patients with chronic bronchitis in an infection-free interval, and to determine whether pharmacological and immunological factors effected the bacterial occurrence. Twenty two smokers with non-obstructive chronic bronchitis, 19 smokers with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 14 healthy nonsmokers underwent bronchoscopy. To obtain uncontaminated intrabronchial samples, a protected specimen brush was used. Quantitative bacterial cultures and virus isolations were performed. Significantly positive bacterial cultures (> 1,000 colony-forming units (cfu).ml-1) were found only in the patients. S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were found in five patients, and only in the patients without NAC treatment. The most common bacterium was alpha-haemolytic streptococcus. Negative cultures were more common in the healthy controls. Of the various factors examined, only NAC medication had an influence on bacterial numbers. Significantly fewer patients with NAC medication had positive cultures (3 out of 16) than in the group of patients without NAC therapy (15 out of 21). Our results confirm that chronic bronchitis in smokers leads to increased intrabronchial bacterial colonization. We could also confirm that 1,000 cfu.ml-1 is an adequate cut-off level for significant bacterial growth when using the protected specimen brush. NAC medication was associated with low bacterial numbers.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Adolfsson, Klas, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Discretization of integro-differential equations modeling dynamic fractional order viscoelasticity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, ''Proceedings of Large-Scale Scientific Computations, 2005, Sozopol, Bulgaria'', I. Lirkov, S. Margenov, and J. Wasniewski (Eds.). - 3540319948 ; 3743, s. 76-83
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study a dynamic model for viscoelastic materials based on a constitutive equation of fractional order. This results in an integro-differential equation with a weakly singular convolution kernel. We discretize in the spatial variable by a standard Galerkin finite element method. We prove stability and regularity estimates which show how the convolution term introduces dissipation into the equation of motion. These are then used to prove a priori error estimates. A numerical experiment is included.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Aftab, Obaid, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Label-free detection and dynamic monitoring of drug-induced intracellular vesicle formation enabled using a 2-dimensional matched filter
- 2014
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 10:1, s. 57-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of vesicle formation and degradation is a central issue in autophagy research and microscopy imaging is revolutionizing the study of such dynamic events inside living cells. A limiting factor is the need for labeling techniques that are labor intensive, expensive, and not always completely reliable. To enable label-free analyses we introduced a generic computational algorithm, the label-free vesicle detector (LFVD), which relies on a matched filter designed to identify circular vesicles within cells using only phase-contrast microscopy images. First, the usefulness of the LFVD is illustrated by presenting successful detections of autophagy modulating drugs found by analyzing the human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116 exposed to each substance among 1266 pharmacologically active compounds. Some top hits were characterized with respect to their activity as autophagy modulators using independent in vitro labeling of acidic organelles, detection of LC3-II protein, and analysis of the autophagic flux. Selected detection results for 2 additional cell lines (DLD1 and RKO) demonstrate the generality of the method. In a second experiment, label-free monitoring of dose-dependent vesicle formation kinetics is demonstrated by recorded detection of vesicles over time at different drug concentrations. In conclusion, label-free detection and dynamic monitoring of vesicle formation during autophagy is enabled using the LFVD approach introduced.
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| 12. |
- Agapiou, Sergios, et al.
(författare)
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Posterior consistency of the Bayesian approach to linear ill-posed inverse problems
- 2012
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Ingår i: arXiv:1203.5753v2 [math.ST]. ; :1203.5753, s. 1-30
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We consider a Bayesian nonparametric approach to a family of linear inverse problems in a separable Hilbert space setting, with Gaussian prior and noise distribution. A method of identifying the posterior distribution using its precision operator is presented. Work- ing with the unbounded precision operator enables us to use partial differential equations (PDE) methodology to study posterior con- sistency in a frequentist sense, and in particular to obtain rates of contraction of the posterior distribution to a Dirac measure centered on the true solution. We show how these rates may be optimized by a choice of the scale parameter in the prior covariance operator. Our methods assume a relatively weak relation between the prior covariance operator, the forward operator and the noise covariance operator; more precisely, we assume that appropriate powers of these operators induce equivalent norms. We compare our results to known minimax rates of convergence in the case where the forward operator and the prior and noise covariances are all simultaneously diagonaliz- able, and confirm that the PDE method provides the same rates for a wide range of parameters. An elliptic PDE inverse problem is used to illustrate the power of the general theory.
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| 13. |
- Agapiou, Sergios, et al.
(författare)
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Posterior contraction rates for the Bayesian approach to linear ill-posed inverse problems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Stochastic Processes and their Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4149. ; 123:10, s. 3828-3860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a Bayesian nonparametric approach to a family of linear inverse problems in a separable Hilbert space setting with Gaussian noise. We assume Gaussian priors, which are conjugate to the model, and present a method of identifying the posterior using its precision operator. Working with the unbounded precision operator enables us to use partial differential equations (PDE) methodology to obtain rates of contraction of the posterior distribution to a Dirac measure centered on the true solution. Our methods assume a relatively weak relation between the prior covariance, noise covariance and forward operator, allowing for a wide range of applications.
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| 14. |
- Akrivis, Georgios, et al.
(författare)
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Linearly implicit finite element methods for the time-dependent Joule heating problem
- 2005
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Ingår i: BIT Numerical Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0006-3835 .- 1572-9125. ; 45:3, s. 429-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Completely discrete numerical methods for a nonlinear elliptic-parabolic system, the time-dependent Joule heating problem, are introduced and analyzed. The equations are discretized in space by a standard finite element method, and in time by combinations of rational implicit and explicit multistep schemes. The schemes are linearly implicit in the sense that they require, at each time level, the solution of linear systems of equations. Optimal order error estimates are proved under the assumption of sufficiently regular solutions.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Adam, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Duality in refined Sobolev–Malliavin spaces and weak approximation of SPDE
- 2016
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Ingår i: Stochastic Partial Differential Equations: Analysis and Computations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2194-0401 .- 2194-041X. ; 4:1, s. 113-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a new family of refined Sobolev–Malliavin spaces that capture the integrability in time of the Malliavin derivative. We consider duality in these spaces and derive a Burkholder type inequality in a dual norm. The theory we develop allows us to prove weak convergence with essentially optimal rate for numerical approximations in space and time of semilinear parabolic stochastic evolution equations driven by Gaussian additive noise. In particular, we combine a standard Galerkin finite element method with backward Euler timestepping. The method of proof does not rely on the use of the Kolmogorov equation or the Itō formula and is therefore non-Markovian in nature. Test functions satisfying polynomial growth and mild smoothness assumptions are allowed, meaning in particular that we prove convergence of arbitrary moments with essentially optimal rate.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Adam, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Duality in refined Watanabe-Sobolev spaces and weak approximations of SPDE
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we introduce a new family of refined Watanabe- Sobolev spaces that capture in a fine way integrability in time of the Malliavin derivative. We consider duality in these spaces and derive a Burkholder type inequality in a dual norm. The theory we develop allows us to prove weak convergence with essentially optimal rate for numerical approximations in space and time of semilinear parabolic stochastic evolution equations driven by Gaussian additive noise. In particular, we combine Galerkin finite element methods with a backward Euler scheme in time. The method of proof does not rely on the use of the Kolmogorov equation or the It¯o formula and is therefore in nature non-Markovian. With this method polynomial growth test functions with mild smoothness assumptions are allowed, meaning in particular that we prove convergence of arbitrary moments with essentially optimal rate. Our Gronwall argument also yields weak error estimates which are uniform in time without any additional effort.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Adam, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Weak convergence for a spatial approximation of the nonlinear stochastic heat equation
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We find the weak rate of convergence of approximate solutions of the nonlinear stochastic heat equation, when discretized in space by a standard finite element method. Both multiplicative and additive noise is considered under different assumptions. This extends an earlier result of Debussche in which time discretization is considered for the stochastic heat equation perturbed by white noise. It is known that this equation only has a solution in one space dimension. In order to get results for higher dimensions, colored noise is considered here, besides the white noise case where considerably weaker assumptions on the noise term is needed. Integration by parts in the Malliavin sense is used in the proof. The rate of weak convergence is, as expected, essentially twice the rate of strong convergence.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Adam, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Weak convergence for a spatial approximation of the nonlinear stochastic heat equation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Mathematics of Computation. - : American Mathematical Society (AMS). - 0025-5718 .- 1088-6842. ; 85, s. 1335-1358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We find the weak rate of convergence of the spatially semidiscrete finite element approximation of the nonlinear stochastic heat equation. Both multiplicative and additive noise is considered under different assumptions. This extends an earlier result of Debussche in which time discretization is considered for the stochastic heat equation perturbed by white noise. It is known that this equation has a solution only in one space dimension. In order to obtain results for higher dimensions, colored noise is considered here, besides white noise in one dimension. Integration by parts in the Malliavin sense is used in the proof. The rate of weak convergence is, as expected, essentially twice the rate of strong convergence.
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Adam, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Weak error analysis for semilinear stochastic Volterra equations with additive noise
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We prove a weak error estimate for the approximation in space and time of a semilinear stochastic Volterra integro-differential equation driven by additive space-time Gaussian noise. We treat this equation in an abstract framework, in which parabolic stochastic partial differential equations are also included as a special case. The approximation in space is performed by a standard finite element method and in time by an implicit Euler method combined with a convolution quadrature. The weak rate of convergence is proved to be twice the strong rate, as expected. Our weak convergence result concerns not only the solution at a fixed time but also integrals of the entire path with respect to any finite Borel measure. The proof does not rely on a Kolmogorov equation. Instead it is based on a duality argument from Malliavin calculus.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Adam, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Weak error analysis for semilinear stochastic Volterra equations with additive noise
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-247X .- 1096-0813. ; 437:2, s. 1283-1304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prove a weak error estimate for the approximation in space and time of a semilinear stochastic Volterra integro-differential equation driven by additive space-time Gaussian noise. We treat this equation in an abstract framework, in which parabolic stochastic partial differential equations are also included as a special case. The approximation in space is performed by a standard finite element method and in time by an implicit Euler method combined with a convolution quadrature. The weak rate of convergence is proved to be twice the strong rate, as expected. Our convergence result concerns not only functionals of the solution at a fixed time but also more complicated functionals of the entire path and includes convergence of covariances and higher order statistics. The proof does not rely on a Kolmogorov equation. Instead it is based on a duality argument from Malliavin calculus.
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| 21. |
- Anton, Rikard, 1989-
(författare)
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Exponential integrators for stochastic partial differential equations
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) have during the past decades become an important tool for modeling systems which are influenced by randomness. Because of the complex nature of SPDEs, knowledge of efficient numerical methods with good convergence and geometric properties is of considerable importance. Due to this, numerical analysis of SPDEs has become an important and active research field.The thesis consists of four papers, all dealing with time integration of different SPDEs using exponential integrators. We analyse exponential integrators for the stochastic wave equation, the stochastic heat equation, and the stochastic Schrödinger equation. Our primary focus is to study strong order of convergence of temporal approximations. However, occasionally, we also analyse space approximations such as finite element and finite difference approximations. In addition to this, for some SPDEs, we consider conservation properties of numerical discretizations.As seen in this thesis, exponential integrators for SPDEs have many benefits over more traditional integrators such as Euler-Maruyama schemes or the Crank-Nicolson-Maruyama scheme. They are explicit and therefore very easy to implement and use in practice. Also, they are excellent at handling stiff problems, which naturally arise from spatial discretizations of SPDEs. While many explicit integrators suffer step size restrictions due to stability issues, exponential integrators do not in general.In Paper 1 we consider a full discretization of the stochastic wave equation driven by multiplicative noise. We use a finite element method for the spatial discretization, and for the temporal discretization we use a stochastic trigonometric method. In the first part of the paper, we prove mean-square convergence of the full approximation. In the second part, we study the behavior of the total energy, or Hamiltonian, of the wave equation. It is well known that for deterministic (Hamiltonian) wave equations, the total energy remains constant in time. We prove that for stochastic wave equations with additive noise, the expected energy of the exact solution grows linearly with time. We also prove that the numerical approximation produces a small error in this linear drift.In the second paper, we study an exponential integrator applied to the time discretization of the stochastic Schrödinger equation with a multiplicative potential. We prove strong convergence order 1 and 1/2 for additive and multiplicative noise, respectively. The deterministic linear Schrödinger equation has several conserved quantities, including the energy, the mass, and the momentum. We first show that for Schrödinger equations driven by additive noise, the expected values of these quantities grow linearly with time. The exponential integrator is shown to preserve these linear drifts for all time in the case of a stochastic Schrödinger equation without potential. For the equation with a multiplicative potential, we obtain a small error in these linear drifts.The third paper is devoted to studying a full approximation of the one-dimensional stochastic heat equation. For the spatial discretization we use a finite difference method and an exponential integrator is used for the temporal approximation. We prove mean-square convergence and almost sure convergence of the approximation when the coefficients of the problem are assumed to be Lipschitz continuous. For non-Lipschitz coefficients, we prove convergence in probability.In Paper 4 we revisit the stochastic Schrödinger equation. We consider this SPDE with a power-law nonlinearity. This nonlinearity is not globally Lipschitz continuous and the exact solution is not assumed to remain bounded for all times. These difficulties are handled by considering a truncated version of the equation and by working with stopping times and random time intervals. We prove almost sure convergence and convergence in probability for the exponential integrator as well as convergence orders of ½ − ?, for all ? > 0, and 1/2, respectively.
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| 22. |
- Anton, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Full discretisation of semi-linear stochastic wave equations driven by multiplicative noise
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A fully discrete approximation of the semi-linear stochastic wave equation driven by multiplicative noise is presented. A standard linear finite element approximation is used in space and a stochastic trigonometric method for the temporal approximation. This explicit time integrator allows for mean-square error bounds indepen- dent of the space discretisation and thus do not suffer from a step size restriction as in the often used Störmer-Verlet- leap-frog scheme. Furthermore, it satisfies an almost trace formula (i. e., a linear drift of the expected value of the energy of the problem). Numerical experiments are presented and confirm the theoretical results.
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| 23. |
- Anton, R., et al.
(författare)
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Full Discretization of Semilinear Stochastic Wave Equations Driven by Multiplicative Noise
- 2016
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Ingår i: Siam Journal on Numerical Analysis. - : Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM). - 0036-1429 .- 1095-7170. ; 54:2, s. 1093-1119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fully discrete approximation of the semilinear stochastic wave equation driven by multiplicative noise is presented. A standard linear finite element approximation is used in space, and a stochastic trigonometric method is used for the temporal approximation. This explicit time integrator allows for mean-square error bounds independent of the space discretization and thus does not suffer from a step size restriction as in the often used Stormer-Verlet leapfrog scheme. Furthermore, it satisfies an almost trace formula (i.e., a linear drift of the expected value of the energy of the problem). Numerical experiments are presented and confirm the theoretical results.
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| 24. |
- Anton, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Full discretization of semilinear stochastic wave equations driven by multiplicative noise
- 2016
-
Ingår i: SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis. - 0036-1429 .- 1095-7170. ; 54:2, s. 1093-1119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fully discrete approximation of the semilinear stochastic wave equation driven by multiplicative noise is presented. A standard linear finite element approximation is used in space, and a stochastic trigonometric method is used for the temporal approximation. This explicit time integrator allows for mean-square error bounds independent of the space discretization and thus does not suffer from a step size restriction as in the often used Stormer-Verlet leapfrog scheme. Furthermore, it satisfies an almost trace formula (i.e., a linear drift of the expected value of the energy of the problem). Numerical experiments are presented and confirm the theoretical results.
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| 25. |
- Asadzadeh, Mohammad, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The discrete ordinates method for the neutron transport equation in an infinite cylindrical domain
- 1992
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Ingår i: Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Science. ; 2:3, s. 317-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prove a regularity result for a Fredholm integral equation with weakly singular kernel, arising in connection with the neutron transport equation in an infinite cylindrical domain. The theorem states that the solution has almost two derivatives in L1, and is proved using Besov space techniques. This result is applied in the error analysis of the discrete ordinates method for the numerical solution of the neutron transport equation. We derive an error estimate in the L1-norm for the scalar flux, and as a consequence, we obtain an error bound for the critical eigenvalue.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Barklin, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Alteration of Neuropeptides in the Lung Tissue Correlates Brain Death-Induced Neurogenic Edema
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-2498 .- 1557-3117. ; 28:7, s. 725-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: increased intracranial pressure induces neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), potentially explaining why only lungs from less than 20% of brain dead organ donors can be used for transplantation. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of NPE, focusing on neuropeptides, which potently induce vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and neurogenic inflammation. Methods: Brain death was induced in 10 pigs by increasing the intracranial pressure. Eight additional pigs served as controls. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P were analyzed in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and homogenized lung tissue 6 hours after brain death. Pulmonary oxygen exchange was estimated using partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao(2))/fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2), and pulmonary edema by wet/dry weight ratio. Results: Brain death induced a decrease in PaO2/FIO2 (P less than 0.001) and increased the wet/dry weight of both apical (p = 0.01) and basal lobes (p = 0.03). NPY and CGRP concentrations were higher in the BAL fluid of brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02) and were positively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. NPY content in lung tissue was lower in brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.04) and was negatively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. There were no differences in substance P concentrations between the groups. Conclusion: NPY was released from the lung tissue of brain-dead pigs, and its concentration was related to the extent of pulmonary edema. NPY may be one of several crucial mediators of neurogenic pulmonary edema, raising the possibility of treatment with NPY-antagonists to increase the number of available lung donors.
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| 30. |
- Battisti, A, et al.
(författare)
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Urticating hairs in arthropods: their nature and medical significance
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annual review of entomology. - : Annual Reviews. - 1545-4487 .- 0066-4170. ; 56, s. 203-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ecological phenomenon of arthropods with defensive hairs is widespread. These urticating hairs can be divided into three categories: true setae, which are detachable hairs in Lepidoptera and in New World tarantula spiders; modified setae, which are stiff hairs in lepidopteran larvae; and spines, which are complex and secretion-filled structures in lepidopteran larvae. This review focuses on the true setae because their high density on a large number of common arthropod species has great implications for human and animal health. Morphology and function, interactions with human tissues, epidemiology, and medical impact, including inflammation and allergy in relation to true setae, are addressed. Because data from epidemiological and other clinical studies are ambiguous with regard to frequencies of setae-caused allergic reactions, other mechanisms for setae-mediated disease are suggested. Finally, we briefly discuss current evidence for the adaptive and ecological significance of true setae.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Berndtsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of the lysosomal apoptosis pathway by inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 124:6, s. 1463-1469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lysosomal apoptosis pathway is a potentially interesting therapeutic target. Since apoptosis involving the lysosomal pathway has been described to involve cathepsins, we screened a drug library for agents that induce cathepsin-dependent apoptosis. Using pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA, we identified 2 structurally related agents (NSC687852 and NSC638646) that induced cathepsin D-dependent caspase-cleavage activity in human breast cancer cells. Both agents were found to induce the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. NSC687852 and NSC638646 were found to inhibit the activity of ubiquitin isopeptidases and to induce the accumulation of high-molecular-mass ubiquitins in cells. We show that 3 other inhibitors of the proteasome degradation pathway induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and that cathepsin-D siRNA inhibits apoptosis induced by these agents. We conclude that a screen for cathepsin-dependent apoptosis-inducing agents resulted in the identification of ubiquitin isopeptidase inhibitors and that proteasome inhibitors with different mechanisms of action induce LMP and cathepsin D-dependent apoptosis.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Björklund, Emmelie, et al.
(författare)
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Ketoconazole Inhibits the Cellular Uptake of Anandamide via Inhibition of FAAH at Pharmacologically Relevant Concentrations
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:1, s. e87542-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The antifungal compound ketoconazole has, in addition to its ability to interfere with fungal ergosterol synthesis, effects upon other enzymes including human CYP3A4, CYP17, lipoxygenase and thromboxane synthetase. In the present study, we have investigated whether ketoconazole affects the cellular uptake and hydrolysis of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand anandamide (AEA). Methodology/Principal Findings: The effects of ketoconazole upon endocannabinoid uptake were investigated using HepG2, CaCo2, PC-3 and C6 cell lines. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity was measured in HepG2 cell lysates and in intact C6 cells. Ketoconazole inhibited the uptake of AEA by HepG2 cells and CaCo2 cells with IC50 values of 17 and 18 mu M, respectively. In contrast, it had modest effects upon AEA uptake in PC-3 cells, which have a low expression of FAAH. In cell-free HepG2 lysates, ketoconazole inhibited FAAH activity with an IC50 value (for the inhibitable component) of 34 mu M. Conclusions/Significance: The present study indicates that ketoconazole can inhibit the cellular uptake of AEA at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, primarily due to its effects upon FAAH. Ketoconazole may be useful as a template for the design of dual-action FAAH/CYP17 inhibitors as a novel strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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| 35. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Assistive devices for people affected by leprosy: underutilised facilitators of functioning?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Leprosy Review. - 0305-7518 .- 2162-8807. ; 80:1, s. 13-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: People affected by leprosy and their families face social and economic problems. The focus of interventions is often on prevention of disabilities and socioeconomic rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to explore to what extent the potential of assistive devices to facilitate activities and participation of people affected by leprosy has been utilised. DESIGN: Published literature was reviewed and the findings analysed. RESULTS: Considerable attention has been given to the protecting role of assistive devices. The focus of assistive devices facilitating functioning has been on mobility aspects of self-care and domestic life. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the potential of assistive devices to facilitate activities and participation in life areas such as work and employment is still waiting to be utilised on a broad scale.
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| 36. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Assistive technology in developing countries: a review from the perspective of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Prosthetics and Orthotics International. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1746-1553 .- 0309-3646. ; 35:1, s. 20-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The 'Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities' (CRPD) requires governments to meet the assistive technology needs of citizens. However, the access to assistive technology in developing countries is severely limited, which is aggravated by a lack of related services. Objectives: To summarize current knowledge on assistive technology for low- and lower-middle-income countries published in 1995 or later, and to provide recommendations that facilitate implementation of the CRPD. Study design: Literature review. Methods: Literature was searched in web-based databases and reference lists. Studies carried out in low- and lower-middle-income countries, or addressing assistive technology for such countries, were included. Results: The 52 included articles are dominated by product oriented research on leg prostheses and manual wheelchairs. Less has been published on hearing aids and virtually nothing on the broad range of other types of assistive technology. Conclusions: To support effective implementation of the CRPD in these countries, there is a need for actions and research related particularly to policies, service delivery, outcomes and international cooperation, but also to product development and production. Clinical relevance The article has a potential to contribute to CRPD compliant developments in the provision of assistive technology in developing countries by providing practitioners with an overview of published knowledge and researchers with identified research needs.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Assistive technology use and human rights enjoyment: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC International Health and Human Rights. - 1472-698X. ; 12:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: About half a billion people with disabilities in developing countries have limited access to assistive technology. The Convention on the Rights of persons with Disabilities requires governments to take measures to ensure provision of such technologies. To guide implementation of these measures there is a need for understanding health outcomes from a human rights perspective. The objective of this study was therefore to explore the relation between assistive technology use and enjoyment of human rights in a low-income country. Methods: Data was collected in eight districts of Bangladesh through interviews of people with hearing impairments using and not using hearings aids, and people with ambulatory impairments using and not using manual wheelchairs (N = 583). Using logistic regression, self-reported outcomes on standard of living, health, education, work, receiving information and movement were analyzed. Results: The adjusted likelihood of reporting greater enjoyment of human rights was significantly higher among people using hearing aids compared to non-users for all outcomes except working status. Compared to non-users, users of wheelchairs reported a significantly higher adjusted likelihood of good ambulatory performance and a significantly lower adjusted likelihood of reporting a positive working status. Further analyses indicated that physical accessibility to working places and duration of wheelchair use had a statistically significant impact on the likelihood of reporting positive work outcomes. Conclusions: The findings support the notion that assistive technology use increases the likelihood of human rights enjoyment, particularly hearing aid use. Physical accessibility should always be addressed in wheelchair provision.
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| 39. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Assistive technology use is associated with reduced capability poverty: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-3115 .- 1748-3107. ; 7:2, s. 112-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: About half of all people with disabilities in developing countries live in extreme poverty. Focusing on the ends rather than the economic means of human development, the capability approach offers an alternative view of poverty. The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between assistive technology use and capability poverty in a low-income country. Method: Self-reported data on food intake, health care, education, politics, self-determination, self-respect, family relationships and friendships were collected in Bangladesh through interviews of people with hearing impairments using and not using hearings aids, and people with ambulatory impairments using and not using manual wheelchairs (N = 583). Differences in outcomes between users and non-users of assistive technology were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Assistive technology users were more likely than non-users to report enhanced capabilities, hearing aid users to a larger extent than wheelchair users. Synergistic effects between assistive technology use and education were found. Conclusion: The use of assistive technology is predictive of reduced capability poverty in Bangladesh. Lack of wheelchair accessibility and the nature of selected outcomes may explain the limited association in the ambulatory group. Enhancing the effects of the other, there is support for providing education in combination with hearing aids.
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| 40. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Do Assistive Products Enhance or Equalize Opportunities? A Comparison of Capability across Persons with Impairments Using and Not Using Assistive Products and Persons without Impairments in Bangladesh
- 2022
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Ingår i: Societies. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4698. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aiming to compare capability across persons with impairments using and not using assistive products and persons without impairments in Bangladesh for 16 different functionings, we contrast two sets of self-reported cross-sectional data from eight districts of Bangladesh: (i) data from persons with hearing impairment not using hearing aids, persons with hearing impairment using hearing aids and persons without impairments (N = 572); and (ii) data from persons with ambulatory impairment not using manual wheelchairs, persons with ambulatory impairment using manual wheelchairs and persons without impairments (N = 598). Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare levels of capability across the three groups in each data set. Results showed that, for all functionings in both data sets, the levels of capability were statistically significantly highest for persons without impairments. Compared to persons with hearing impairment not using hearing aids, persons with hearing impairment using hearing aids scored higher in all functionings, with statistical significance at the.05 level for 12 of them. Persons with ambulatory impairment using manual wheelchairs scored higher than persons with ambulatory impairment not using manual wheelchairs for 11 of the functionings, but none of the comparisons between the two groups were significant at the.05 level. Assistive products—hearing aids more than manual wheelchairs—enhance capabilities but do not fully equalize opportunities between people with and without impairments.
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| 41. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The Friction Model - a dynamic model of functioning, disability and contextual factors and its conceptual and practical applicability.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 32, s. 1790-1797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. To develop a model of the dynamics of functioning, disability and contextual factors which harmonises with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Method. Model parts based on ICF were identified and a model drawing from engineering concepts was developed. The conceptual and practical applicability of the model was discussed. Results. The so called Friction Model was created, which incorporates the ICF entities capacity, performance, environmental factors, health condition, body functions and structures, and personal factors. Friction describes the interaction between a person and his or her environment. The coefficient of friction is defined as the ratio between capacity and performance. Conclusion. Carrying conceptual strengths and limitations, the Friction Model appears to offer opportunities for practical applications, including ICF-based alternatives to health-economic analyses. Harmonising with the ICF model and terminology, the model uses friction to describe the interaction between a person and the environment. The coefficient of friction can be used as a simple measure of how facilitating an environment is. The applicability is not limited to functioning of people with impairments.
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| 42. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The right to assistive technology: for whom, for what, and by whom?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Disability & Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0968-7599 .- 1360-0508. ; 26:2, s. 151-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite its facilitating role in creating opportunities for people with disabilities to exercise human rights, access to assistive technology is limited in many countries. It is therefore promising that the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) addresses this area. The purpose of this study was to analyse the assistive technology content of the CRPD from a basic human rights perspective in order to clarify its limitations and opportunities for formulation of policies and implementation strategies. Data were collected through a content analysis of the CRPD. It is concluded that a non-discriminatory interpretation of the provisions entitles all people with disabilities to a right to demand available and affordable assistive technology. Ensuring this right is a national as well as an international responsibility.
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| 43. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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User involvement in service delivery predicts outcomes of assistive technology use: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 12:330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Knowledge about the relation between user involvement in the provision of assistive technology and outcomes of assistive technology use is a prerequisite for the development of efficient service delivery strategies. However, current knowledge is limited, particularly from low-income countries where affordability is an issue. The objective was therefore to explore the relation between outcomes of assistive technology use and user involvement in the service delivery process in Bangladesh. Methods: Using structured interviews, data from 136 users of hearing aids and 149 users of manual wheelchairs were collected. Outcomes were measured using the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA), which was adapted for wheelchair users. Predictors of user involvement included preference, measurement and training. Results: Users reported outcomes comparable to those found in other high- and low-income countries. User involvement increased the likelihood for reporting better outcomes except for measurement among hearing aid users. Conclusions: The findings support the provision of assistive technology as a strategy to improve the participation of people with disabilities in society. They also support current policies and guidelines for user-involvement in the service delivery process. Simplified strategies for provision of hearing aids may be explored.
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| 44. |
- Brnjic, Slavica, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of Tumor Cell Apoptosis by a Proteasome Deubiquitinase Inhibitor Is Associated with Oxidative Stress
- 2014
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 21:17, s. 2271-2285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: b-AP15 is a recently described inhibitor of the USP14/UCHL5 deubiquitinases (DUBs) of the 19S proteasome. Exposure to b-AP15 results in blocking of proteasome function and accumulation of polyubiquitinated protein substrates in cells. This novel mechanism of proteasome inhibition may potentially be exploited for cancer therapy, in particular for treatment of malignancies resistant to currently used proteasome inhibitors. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular response to b-AP15-mediated proteasome DUB inhibition. Results: We report that b-AP15 elicits a similar, but yet distinct, cellular response as the clinically used proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. b-AP15 induces a rapid apoptotic response, associated with enhanced induction of oxidative stress and rapid activation of Jun-N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK)/activating protein-1 signaling. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and pharmacological inhibition of JNK reduced b-AP15-induced apoptosis. We further report that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is induced by b-AP15 and is involved in apoptosis induction. In contrast to bortezomib, ER stress is associated with induction of alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 phosphorylation. Innovation: The findings establish that different modes of proteasome inhibition result in distinct cellular responses, a finding of potential therapeutic importance. Conclusion: Our data show that enhanced oxidative stress and ER stress are major determinants of the strong apoptotic response elicited by the 19S DUB inhibitor b-AP15. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 21, 2271-2285.
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| 45. |
- Brockstedt, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Vertical field MR imaging of upper thorax and spine in small children. Evaluation of a new surface coil
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455. ; 34:6, s. 549-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve image quality in a vertical field MR imaging unit, operating at low field strength (0.3 T), we have designed a half-elliptical coil for use in the upper thoracic region of small children. Our intention was also to shorten the examination time, which until now has been long, because several scans with different coils have been necessary to cover the thoracic region. The experimental coil is designed so that a child's shoulders fit into the central region. The coil consists of 2 serially connected cable-loops, mounted on a foam rubber vest. The coil performance was tested in a phantom and improvements relative to standard coils were demonstrated in in vivo studies. The results indicate that by using the half-elliptical coil, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio can be improved by a factor of 2 to 3 in the thoracic region of a child.
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| 46. |
- Burvall, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Phase-retrieval methods with applications in composite-material tomography
- 2013
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Ingår i: 11th International Conference On X-Ray Microscopy (XRM2012). - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). ; , s. 012015-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-line phase-contrast x-ray imaging is emerging as a method for observing small details when the contrast in absorption x-ray imaging is low. It gives images with strong edge enhancement, and phase retrieval is necessary to obtain quantitative thickness information. In particular for tomography, clarity can be enhanced by phase retrieval, as here demonstrated on a 3D-weave reinforced composite material. Seven suitable phase-retrieval methods are identified and integrated into a single method, where each version is marked by variations in particular steps. The general method and its variations are outlined and a comparison shows which methods are most suitable in different situations.
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| 47. |
- Bågmark, Kasper, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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An energy-based deep splitting method for the nonlinear filtering problem
- 2023
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Ingår i: Partial Differential Equations and Applications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-2963 .- 2662-2971. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of deep learning for the solution of the nonlinear filtering problem. This is achieved by solving the Zakai equation by a deep splitting method, previously developed for approximate solution of (stochastic) partial differential equations. This is combined with an energy-based model for the approximation of functions by a deep neural network. This results in a computationally fast filter that takes observations as input and that does not require re-training when new observations are received. The method is tested on four examples, two linear in one and twenty dimensions and two nonlinear in one dimension. The method shows promising performance when benchmarked against the Kalman filter and the bootstrap particle filter.
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| 48. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating performance in the development of software-intensive products
- 2014
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Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 56:5, s. 516-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Organizational performance measurements in software product development have received a lot of attention in the literature. Still, there is a general discontent regarding the way performance is evaluated in practice, with few studies really focusing on why this is the case. In this paper research focusing on the context of developing software-intensive products in large established multi-national organizations is reported on. Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate performance measurement practices related to software product development activities. More specifically, focus is on exploring how managers engaged in software product development activities perceive and evaluate performance in large organizations from a managerial perspective. Method: The research approach pursued in this research consist of exploratory multiple case studies. Data is collected mainly through 54 interviews in five case studies in large international organizations developing software-intensive products in Sweden. Focused group interviews with senior managers from eight companies have also been used in the data collection. Results: The results of this research indicate that managers within software product development in general are dissatisfied with their current way of evaluating performance. Performance measurements and the perception of performance are today focused on cost, time, and quality, i.e. what is easily measurable and not necessarily what is important. The dimensions of value creation and learning are missing. Moreover, measurements tend to be result oriented, rather than process oriented, making it difficult to integrate these measurements in the management practices. Conclusion: Managers that are dissatisfied with their performance measurement system and want to improve the current situation should not start by focusing on the current measurements directly; instead they should focus on how the organization perceives performance and how important performance criteria are being developed. By developing relevant performance criteria the first step in developing an effective performance measurement system is made. Moreover, it is concluded that manager's perception of performance is affected by the currently used measurements, hence limiting the scope of the performance criteria. Thus, a change in the way managers perceive performance is necessary before there can be any changes in the way performance is evaluated.
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| 49. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Traceability by Focusing on Value during Development
- 2011
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Ingår i: 1st International Workshop on Value-Based Software Traceability (VALSOT 2011).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product delivering companies invest resources in software development activities in order to create value. Still, when performance in software development is to be measured, focus easily turns to time, cost, and quality in the later stages of the development process. Time, cost, and quality are important dimensions of performance but they are not revealing the complete picture. Missing is the value perspective. This paper outlines a method for how customer value can be used to evaluate performance and improve traceability during the development of a new product. The first step in the method is to value each requirement in the development project according to their perceived customer value. Hence, the value propagation can be monitored as the activities related the requirements are completed during the development. This information can then be used in order to improve traceability by visualizing the value propagation and performance during the development. The paper is concluded with outlining four key needs for future research.
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| 50. |
- Cedergren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Making the Important Measurable
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Association for Management of Technology IAMOT 2011 Proceedings. - Miami Beach, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance measurements related to product development typically focuses on what is easy to quantify and not necessarily what is important to measure. This research uses a case study approach to test a new model for designing performance indicators (DPI) based on what is important for a specific organization developing new products. The foundation for an effective performance measurement system is that the performance measurements are derived from relevant performance criteria and objectives. The proposed DPI method is therefore based on three consecutive steps. The first step is to decide what performance objectives are needed to be fulfilled in order to realize the pursued strategy. This step is followed by the identification of performance criteria / success factors that will contribute to the realization of the performance objectives. Performance criteria are typically related to what needs to be achieved in order to fulfill the objectives while success factors focus more on how they are to be fulfilled. Based on the most important performance criteria /success factors the supporting performance indicators can be derived from the literature or by using the performance measure record sheet. The performance allocation tracker is developed as a result of applying the DPI method in a real case and it is an indicator of the performance of the studied development project. The properties of the indicators resulting from using the DPI method include similar characteristics as leading indicators of performance. It is concluded that by focusing on performance criteria and success factors in the development of performance indicators, leading indicators of performance is derived.
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