| 1. |
- Chirumalla, Koteshwar, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Sharing Across Boundaries : Web 2.0 and Product-Service System Development
- 2011
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Ingår i: 3rd International Conference on Research into Design ICoRD'11. - Bangalore, India : Research Publishing Services. - 9789810877217
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years there has been a growing interest among product development organizations to capitalize on engineering knowledge as their core competitive advantage for innovation. Capturing, storing, retrieval, sharing and reusing of engineering knowledge from a wide range of enterprise memory systems have become crucial activities of knowledge management practice in competitive organizations. In light of a changing and dynamic enterprise definition, including a move towards Product-Service System (PSS) development, this paper discusses some of the limitations of current enterprise systems in reusing engineering knowledge across functional and corporate boundaries. Further, the paper illustrates how Web 2.0-based collaborative technologies can leverage cross-functional knowledge for new PSS development projects through an open, bottom-up, and collective sense-making approach to knowledge management.
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| 2. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Need driven product development in team-based projects
- 2007
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Ingår i: Design for society. - Paris.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, practical activities of needfinding - an intertwined approach to identifying needs and to visualizing idea concepts in early design - are described and discussed. This is done primarily to gain an increased understanding of the various representations of user needs that are fed into the fuzzy front-end activities of team-based product innovation projects. The empirical basis comes from a study of an eight-month collaborative product development project, performed under realistic conditions by MSc students in close collaboration with their client.Focusing closely on customers and their needs is encouraged within the conceptual framework of Integrated Product Development and is increasingly highlighted as a key enabler in the design of truly innovative products. Despite the fact that identified customer needs are considered as the initial and primary input into such an innovation process, it can be argued that the design teams do not commonly have a sufficient understanding of customer needs and they do not normally interact with customers in their environment. Besides focusing on measurable aspects of user behaviour and requirements, a traditional approach to identifying and managing customer needs usually includes several interpretive stages before being handed over to the design team. In the context of innovative products, the identification and definition of customers and their needs is a non-trivial and difficult exercise. It involves, we suggest, not only needfinding but also the definition of ‘those who might need the product’, users and customers to co-evolve iteratively in the early phases of design.
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| 3. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(författare)
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Annotating public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment according to the MIxS-Built Environment standard – a report from a May 23-24, 2016 workshop (Gothenburg, Sweden)
- 2016
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Ingår i: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 16, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent molecular studies have identified substantial fungal diversity in indoor environments. Fungi and fungal particles have been linked to a range of potentially unwanted effects in the built environment, including asthma, decay of building materials, and food spoilage. The study of the built mycobiome is hampered by a number of constraints, one of which is the poor state of the metadata annotation of fungal DNA sequences from the built environment in public databases. In order to enable precise interrogation of such data – for example, “retrieve all fungal sequences recovered from bathrooms” – a workshop was organized at the University of Gothenburg (May 23-24, 2016) to annotate public fungal barcode (ITS) sequences according to the MIxS-Built Environment annotation standard (http://gensc.org/mixs/). The 36 participants assembled a total of 45,488 data points from the published literature, including the addition of 8,430 instances of countries of collection from a total of 83 countries, 5,801 instances of building types, and 3,876 instances of surface-air contaminants. The results were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (http://unite.ut.ee) and were shared with other online resources. Data obtained from human/animal pathogenic fungi will furthermore be verified on culture based metadata for subsequent inclusion in the ISHAM-ITS database (http://its.mycologylab.org).
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| 4. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(författare)
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The UNITE database for molecular identification and taxonomic communication of fungi and other eukaryotes: sequences, taxa and classifications reconsidered
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 52:D1, s. D791-D797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNITE (https://unite.ut.ee) is a web-based database and sequence management environment for molecular identification of eukaryotes. It targets the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and offers nearly 10 million such sequences for reference. These are clustered into similar to 2.4M species hypotheses (SHs), each assigned a unique digital object identifier (DOI) to promote unambiguous referencing across studies. UNITE users have contributed over 600 000 third-party sequence annotations, which are shared with a range of databases and other community resources. Recent improvements facilitate the detection of cross-kingdom biological associations and the integration of undescribed groups of organisms into everyday biological pursuits. Serving as a digital twin for eukaryotic biodiversity and communities worldwide, the latest release of UNITE offers improved avenues for biodiversity discovery, precise taxonomic communication and integration of biological knowledge across platforms. Graphical Abstract
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| 5. |
- Alderson, Helen V., et al.
(författare)
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FGF-23 and Osteoprotegerin but not Fetuin-A are associated with death and enhance risk prediction in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease stages 3-5
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nephrology (Carlton. Print). - : Wiley. - 1320-5358 .- 1440-1797. ; 21:7, s. 566-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Numerous biomarkers have been shown to associate with clinical endpoints in chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is limited evidence whether biomarkers improve risk prediction in relation to clinical outcomes. Our study investigates whether a small suite of key chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder biomarkers could be used to enhance risk assessment in CKD.METHODS: Fetuin-A, fibroblast growth factor-23 and osteoprotegerin were measured on baseline plasma samples from 463 patients recruited to the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Standards Implementation Study. The biomarkers were analysed in relation to progression to end stage kidney disease, death and major cardiovascular events.RESULTS: Over a median follow up of 46 months (interquartile range 21-69), fibroblast growth factor-23 was associated with risk for renal replacement therapy (hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, P = 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.001-1.820), cardiovascular events (HR 1.74 P < 0.001, 95% CI 1.303-1.305) and death (HR 1.4 P = 0.005, 95% CI 1.109-1.767). Osteoprotegerin was associated with risk for death (HR 1.06, P = 0.03, 95% CI 1.006-1.117). There was no clear association between Fetuin-A and any of the clinical endpoints. The addition of biomarkers to risk models led to marginal improvement in model discrimination and reclassification.CONCLUSION: Biomarkers are often associated with clinical endpoints, and we observed such associations in our study of patients with advanced CKD. However, the markers analysed in our study were of limited benefit in improving the prediction of these outcomes. Any extra information biomarkers may provide to improve risk prediction in clinical practice needs to be carefully balanced against the potential cost of these tools.
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| 6. |
- Alderson, Helen V, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal change in c-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 and outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Nephrology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2369. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor23 (FGF23) is elevated in CKD and has been associated with outcomes such as death, cardiovascular (CV) events and progression to Renal Replacement therapy (RRT). The majority of studies have been unable to account for change in FGF23 over time and those which have demonstrate conflicting results. We performed a survival analysis looking at change in c-terminal FGF23 (cFGF23) over time to assess the relative contribution of cFGF23 to these outcomes.METHODS: We measured cFGF23 on plasma samples from 388 patients with CKD 3-5 who had serial measurements of cFGF23, with a mean of 4.2 samples per individual. We used linear regression analysis to assess the annual rate of change in cFGF23 and assessed the relationship between time-varying cFGF23 and the outcomes in a cox-regression analysis.RESULTS: Across our population, median baseline eGFR was 32.3mls/min/1.73m2, median baseline cFGF23 was 162 relative units/ml (RU/ml) (IQR 101-244 RU/mL). Over 70 months (IQR 53-97) median follow-up, 76 (19.6%) patients progressed to RRT, 86 (22.2%) died, and 52 (13.4%) suffered a major non-fatal CV event. On multivariate analysis, longitudinal change in cFGF23 was significantly associated with risk for death and progression to RRT but not non-fatal cardiovascular events.CONCLUSION: In our study, increasing cFGF23 was significantly associated with risk for death and RRT.
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| 7. |
- Benaim, Andre, et al.
(författare)
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Becoming An Innovative Company : Assessing An Organization’s Innovation Capability From The Perspective Of A Team
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Literature points out the need for companies to innovate continuously. Such need requires that companies develop capacities to exploit and improve current work as well as to develop and explore more radical opportunities. This paper is a case study that investigates the innovation capabilities of a multinational manufacturing company by interviewing a group that is mandate to support the development of those capabilities. The data was collected by semi-structured interviews, which were based on the categories of a framework previously developed. The findings speak about the importance of setting clear processes for continuation and implementation of ideas, adequate allocation of resources and management support. The discussion and conclusion are about the importance of the integration of efforts in different organizational levels and some of the future challenges integrating the innovation efforts into a natural way of working.
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| 8. |
- Benaim, Andre, et al.
(författare)
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Building a pathway for innovation : Lessons learned from developing an online platform
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign 2014 Conference, NordDesign 2014. - Eespo, Finland : Aalto University. - 9781904670582 ; , s. 662-669
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Companies are constantly being pressured to innovate in order to stay competitive in the short run and have new offerings in the long run. One way of boosting innovation is to develop idea support systems that go beyond the traditional methods and tools. Through a qualitative study, this paper explores the lessons learned from developing an online platform for idea generation, and discusses it in terms of innovation process, climate, and capabilities. The results show that the platform itself is not enough for innovation. The structure and work processes around the platform are as important, which implies the need to design processes and procedures that allow an idea to develop, providing, focus, idea feedback and role clarity.
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| 9. |
- Benaim, Andre, et al.
(författare)
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The implementation of Innovation Metrics: A case study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design. - : The Design Society. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. - 9781904670711 ; 8, s. 213-224
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper explores the implementation process of an innovation measuring system prototype to support a heavy machinery multinational company to secure their innovative capability. In general, companies recognize the importance of becoming innovative to become, or remain, competitive on a global market. The case company decided to pilot a metric system that corresponds to the crucial factors to secure innovative capability and work with the stepwise improvement based on the assessment results. The methods are based on design-research approach and participatory action research. Interviews, surveys and observation were used, as well as, workshops were conducted to develop and follow up the implementation innovation measuring system. The findings explore topics and open questions related to metric selection, purpose and use of the selected indicators, as well as challenges related to the implementation of the metric system. Some of the conclusions question the viability of measuring project teams, as well as, it suggests the need for further research to clarify whether team metrics need to be develop in parallel to organizational ones.
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| 10. |
- Bergström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Needs as a basis for design rationale
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A basic principle for Needfinding [Faste, 1987; Patnaik & Becker, 1999] is that designers and engineers should interact directly with users to get direct insights into the user domain. Needfinding is not a new phenomena, it is almost forty years ago since the process was adopted at Stanford University’s product design program [Patnaik & Becker, 1999]. As the name, Need-finding, implies, this is an intertwined approach to find needs which are not readily articulated by users. The application of a Needfinding process offers qualitative methods to make those needs visible early on in product development. In fact, the process has become more interesting during recent time, since qualitative methods have gained more acceptance outside the academic realm [ibid.].The word qualitative indicates that what are sought for are qualities such as people’s experiences, what they perceive or interpret into a situation [Miles & Huberman, 1994; Patton, 2002]. Such data is contextually dependent, i.e., it must be generated in the context in which the phenomena occur. Besides context, people’s activities, behaviours and goals are important to observe and learn from. The objectives, for applying Needfinding, are to make the identification of needs and design a seamless effort, as well as an interest to identify opportunities to innovations. Needs last longer than any solution [Patnaik & Becker, 1999], since they are grounded in people’s activities. The solution and product that might meet such needs change over time. One example is how to store computer data, the products which satisfy the need has changed from, e.g., punch cards, magnetic tape, floppy discs [ibid.] to USB-flash memories. A guiding methodology in Needfinding is a flexible process, which is adapted to the task at hand [Kelley, 2001]. Such a process is conveyed in a few basic steps and, builds on a ‘philosophy’ which permeates all activities in order to adapt the process according to the project. Therefore, the designer’s ability to rely on such a process depends on familiarity with a number of methods for observations and interviews, as well as an aptitude for socio-technical skills. Hence, the purpose in this paper is to present and reflect on methods used in a running development project to identify needs in a product development project. This is done to contribute to the advancement of a need driven product development process. The disposition of this paper is as follows. First, our approach in studying the need identification activities is presented. Second, a theoretical frame for need identification and design is presented, i.e., Needfinding [Patnaik & Becker, 1999]. Third, the practice of finding needs is outlined and discussed.
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| 11. |
- Bergström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Needs as a basis for design rationale
- 2008
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Ingår i: Design 2008. - Zagreb : University of Zagreb. - 9789536313891 ; , s. 281-288
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is based on data from a Swedish real-life industrial product development project for e-health care of elderly. The purpose in the paper is to discuss identification of user needs. Information about the elderly is transferred in recurrent meetings. Besides the perception that these meetings occupy time which could be spent giving care, the nurses find it problematic to convey such information to substitutes, as well as they have to rely on their memory. In this case, a Dictaphone device was a solution. Reports on practical activities of identifying user needs and how they affect decisions in product development are limited; one contribution of this paper is insights into such a case
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| 12. |
- Bertoni, Alessandro, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Mining data to design value : a demonstrator in early design
- 2017
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Ingår i: DS87-7 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN (ICED 17), VOL 7: DESIGN THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. - : The Design Society. - 9781904670957 ; , s. 21-29
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents a study run to verify the applicability of data mining algorithms asdecision support in early design stages of a product development project. The paperdescribes a two-stage scenario providing the rationale for the application of data science inengineering design. Furthermore, it describes a demonstrator showing how data can be fedback to the early design stages and can be used to populate models to reduce uncertainty indecision making. A wheel loader for constructions works is the reference product for thedemonstration. Data mining is applied on a dataset built on machine performances andcontextual and environmental data. The demonstrator focuses on the estimation of the fuelconsumption of alternative design concepts and estimates the performance variations givendifferent contextual variable. Finally, a way of visualizing the results of the data analysis inrelation to the tested and expected performances is presented.
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| 13. |
- Bertoni, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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The Rise of Social Product Development
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations. - Australia : Inderscience Publishers. - 1741-5225 .- 1470-9503. ; 11:2, s. 188-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to discuss the rising potential of social software to increase the knowledge management capabilities of virtual product development teams. It presents six fundamental transitions, elaborated from the empirical findings, which justify the rise of a more bottom-up, social creation and sharing of engineering knowledge in the virtual organisation. The study suggests that traditional engineering knowledge management approaches alone are not sufficient to support development activities in the virtual organisation, and that such teams display an increasing demand for social, comparatively lightweight and remixable platforms for bottom-up, social creation and sharing of knowledge.
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| 14. |
- Carlsson, Axel C, et al.
(författare)
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Soluble TNF receptors and kidney dysfunction in the elderly
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - 1046-6673 .- 1533-3450. ; 25:6, s. 1313-1320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of TNF-α and its soluble receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) in the development of kidney disease is being unraveled. Yet, community-based data regarding the role of sTNFRs are lacking. We assessed serum sTNFRs and aspects of kidney damage cross-sectionally in two independent community-based cohorts of elderly participants: Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (n=815; mean age, 75 years; 51% women) and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (n=778; mean age, 78 years). Serum sTNFR1 correlated substantially with different aspects of kidney pathology in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men cohort (R=-0.52 for estimated GFR, R=0.22 for urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and R=0.17 for urinary kidney injury molecule-1; P<0.001 for all), with similar correlations in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors cohort. These associations remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk factors and were also evident in participants without diabetes. Serum sTNFR2 was associated with all three markers in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors cohort (P<0.001 for all). Our findings from two independent community-based cohorts confirm and extend results of previous studies supporting circulating sTNFRs as relevant biomarkers for kidney damage and dysfunction in elderly individuals, even in the absence of diabetes.
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| 15. |
- Carlsson, Axel C, et al.
(författare)
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Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 is associated with glomerular filtration rate progression and incidence of chronic kidney disease in two community-based cohorts of elderly individuals
- 2015
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Ingår i: CardioRenal Medicine. - : S. Karger AG. - 1664-3828 .- 1664-5502. ; 5:4, s. 278-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We aimed to explore and validate the longitudinal associations between soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) progression, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence in two independent community-based cohorts of elderly individuals with prespecified subgroup analyses in individuals without prevalent diabetes.Research design and methods: Two community-based cohorts of elderly individuals were used with 5-year follow-up data on estimated GFR: the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM; n = 437 men; mean age: 78 years) and the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; n = 703; mean age: 70 years; 51% women). GFR categories were defined as >= 60, 30-60, and <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2).Results: In longitudinal multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for inflammatory markers and established cardiovascular risk factors, higher serum sTNFR1 was significantly associated with an increased risk to progress to a lower GFR category in both ULSAM and PIVUS [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increase 1.28 (95% CI 1.03-1.60) and OR 1.56 (95% CI 1.30-1.87), respectively]. Also, in subgroup analyses in individuals with a GFR >= 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) at baseline, higher sTNFRs were associated with incident CKD after 5 years in both cohorts [ULSAM: OR per SD increase 1.49 (95% CI 1.16-1.9) and PIVUS: OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.50-2.26)]. Associations were similar in individuals without diabetes.Conclusions: Higher circulating sTNFR1 independently predicts the progression to a worse GFR category and CKD incidence in elderly individuals even in the absence of diabetes. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms, and to evaluate the clinical relevance of our findings.
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| 16. |
- Carlsson, Axel C, et al.
(författare)
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Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) is associated with increased total mortality due to cancer and cardiovascular causes : findings from two community based cohorts of elderly
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 237:1, s. 236-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence support soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor alpha as important mediators of the underlying pathology leading to cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, prospective data concerning the relation between circulating soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1) and mortality in humans are lacking. We aimed to explore and validate the association between sTNFR1 and mortality, and to explore the influence of other established risk factors for mortality, including other inflammatory markers.METHODS: The association between serum sTNFR1and the risk for mortality was investigated in two community-based cohorts of elderly: the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; women 50%, n = 1005, mean age 70 years, median follow-up 7.9 years) and the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, n = 775, mean age 77 years, median follow-up 8.1 years).RESULTS: In total, 101 participants in PIVUS and 274 in ULSAM died during follow-up. In multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for inflammation, lifestyle and established cardiovascular risk factors, one standard deviation (SD) higher sTNFR1 was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) for mortality of 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-1.60, in PIVUS and HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.37 in ULSAM. Moreover, circulatingsTNFR1 was associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR per SD of sTNFR1, 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.44) and cancer mortality (HR per SD of sTNFR1, 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.57) in the ULSAM cohort. High levels of sTNFR1 identified individuals with increased risk of mortality among those with high as well as low levels of systemic inflammation.CONCLUSIONS: An association between circulating sTNFR1 and an increased risk for mortality was found and validated in two independent community-based cohorts. The future clinical role of sTNFR1 to identify high risk patients for adverse outcomes and mortality has yet to be determined.
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| 17. |
- Carlsson, Axel C, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 and incidence of heart failure in elderly men
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Oxford University Press. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 15:4, s. 447-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: There is growing recognition of the clinical importance of cardiorenal syndrome-the bidirectional interplay between kidney and cardiac dysfunction. Yet, the role of kidney tubular damage in the development of heart failure is less studied. The objective of this study was to investigate whether urinary kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, a specific marker of tubular damage, predisposes to an increased heart failure risk.METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a community-based cohort study [Uppsala Longitudinal study of Adult Men (ULSAM)] of 565, 77-year-old men free from heart failure at baseline. Heart failure hospitalizations were used as outcome. During follow-up (median 8.0 years), 73 participants were hospitalized for heart failure. In models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, body mass index, LDL/HDL ratio, antihypertensive treatment, lipid-lowering treatment, aspirin treatment, LV hypertrophy, and prevalent cardiovascular disease) and markers of kidney dysfunction and damage [cystatin C-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio], a higher urinary KIM-1/creatinine ratio was associated with higher risk for heart failure (hazard ratio upper vs. lower tertile, 1.81; 95% confidence interval 1.01-3.29; P < 0.05). Participants with a combination of low GFR (<60 mL/min/1.72 m(2)) and high KIM-1/creatinine (>128 ng/mmol) had a 3-fold increase in heart failure risk compared with participants with normal GFR and KIM-1 (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that kidney tubular damage predisposes to an increased risk for heart failure in the community. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal role of KIM-1 in the development of heart failure, and to evaluate the clinical utility of urinary KIM-1 measurements.
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| 18. |
- Carlsson, Axel C, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and the risk of cardiovascular mortality in elderly men
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Society of Nephrology. Clinical Journal. - 1555-9041 .- 1555-905X. ; 9:8, s. 1393-1401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) has been suggested as a clinically relevant highly specific biomarker of acute kidney tubular damage. However, community-based data on the association between urinary levels of KIM-1 and the risk for cardiovascular mortality are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the association between urinary KIM-1 and cardiovascular mortality.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: This was a prospective study, using the community-based Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (N=590; mean age 77 years; baseline period, 1997-2001; median follow-up 8.1 years; end of follow-up, 2008).RESULTS: During follow-up, 89 participants died of cardiovascular causes (incidence rate, 2.07 per 100 person-years at risk). Models were adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (age, systolic BP, diabetes, smoking, body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, antihypertensive treatment, lipid-lowering treatment, aspirin treatment, and history of cardiovascular disease) and for markers of kidney dysfunction and damage (cystatin C-based eGFR and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio). Higher urinary KIM-1/creatinine (from 24-hour urine collections) was associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio per SD increase, 1.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.05 to 1.54; P=0.01). Participants with a combination of high KIM-1/creatinine (upper quintile, ≥175 ng/mmol), low eGFR (≤60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), and microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio≥3 g/mol) had a >8-fold increased risk compared with participants with low KIM-1/creatinine (<175 ng/mmol), normal eGFR (>60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), and normoalbuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio<3 g/mol) (hazard ratio, 8.56; 95% CI, 4.17 to 17.56; P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that higher urinary KIM-1 may predispose to a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality independently of established cardiovascular risk factors, eGFR, and albuminuria. Additional studies are needed to further assess the utility of measuring KIM-1 in the clinical setting.
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| 19. |
- Chirumalla, Koteshwar, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Sharing Across Boundaries:Web 2.0 and Product-Service System Development
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years there has been a growing interest among product development organizations to capitalize on engineering knowledge as their core competitive advantage for innovation. Capturing, storing, retrieval and sharing of engineering knowledge from a wide range of enterprise memory systems has become crucial part of knowledge management practice among competitive organizations. Managing and reusing their knowledge can facilitate design engineers to make more timely and informed decisions, thus reducing the decision loops for new innovation projects. In light of a changing and dynamic enterprise definition, including a move towards Product-Service System (PSS) development, this paper discusses some of the limitations of current enterprise memory systems in reusing engineering knowledge across the proposed knowledge life cycle. Further, the paper illustrates how Web 2.0-based collaborative technologies can leverage cross-functional knowledge for new PSS development projects through an open, bottom-up, and collective sens-emaking approach to knowledge management.
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| 20. |
- Elfsberg, Jenny, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Guiding Global Innovation Teams on their Exploration Journey : Learning from Aspiring Engineering Students
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Engineering Education. - : Tempus Publications. - 0949-149X. ; 40:3, s. 472-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research investigates globally dispersed innovation teams involved in explorative projects within an engineering graduate course employing problem-based learning. Utilizing insights from a longitudinal study, the objective is to identify how to enhance both individual learning and team performance, thereby increasing the likelihood of a successful outcome. Initial observations revealed common patterns in learning experiences among the top-performing teams, prompting further investigation into how supporting cohorts might positively influence both team performance and students’ learning experiences throughout the course. In addition to advancing comprehension of innovation team performance, the study introduces two lightweight tools designed as shared visual representations of the team’s exploration journey. These tools can assist supporting cohorts in guiding teams effectively. This research augments the existing body of knowledge surrounding the achievement of breakthrough innovations. It provides understanding about how to facilitate team performance and individual learning within globally dispersed innovation teams undertaking explorative projects. The proposed lightweight tools offer practical solutions to enhance the supporting cohort’s ability to guide and impact team performance and individual learning experiences. This study holds implications for academia and industry, particularly organizations reliant on radical innovation for competitiveness and future-proving. Lastly, the study’s findings could inform the design and delivery of future problem-oriented, project-organized learning-based courses in engineering education.
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| 21. |
- Elfsberg, Jenny, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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How Covid-19 Enabled a Global Student Design Team to Achieve Breakthrough Innovation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society 2021. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 1705-1714
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a qualitative single case study of a geographically distributed student team that experienced a quite different graduate course, compared to previous year's. This was due to the restrictions placed upon them following coronavirus lockdowns. With already ongoing research, and continuous development of the course, the authors had documented individual reflections and identified patterns and behaviours that seemingly determined the quality of the end result, as well as the students expectations and experiences. Semi-structured interviews, surveys and the author's individual reflection notes were already in place as part of the larger research scope and when the student team during the covid-19 year showed unexpected performance and results, the authors decided to pause the larger research scope and focus on this unique single case and capture those learnings. Not knowing how the Covid-19 situation evolves and leaning on insights from previous years, as well as this unique year, the aim with this paper is to describe the unique Covid-19 year amd share knowledge that can help improve and evolve the development of this longlived collaborative graduate student course, and other similar distributed team contexts.
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| 22. |
- Elfsberg, Jenny, 1973-
(författare)
-
Innovation Engineering in Practice : Bridging Exploration and Exploitation in Large Manufacturing Incumbents
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis discusses how large manufacturing incumbent companies potentially can ensure their longevity and future-proof themselves by infusing ambidexterity throughout their organizations. Ambidextrous companies are equipped to achieve success in both current and future business environments, providing valued solutions to customers today and in the future. While these companies often excel at making incremental improvements to existing products, business, and operational models, they lack the skill set necessary for exploring new ways of creating value for customers, and commonly fail to bring promising breakthrough innovations from proven concept to revenue generation. To address these challenges, this thesis proposes a methodology consisting of four foundational principles for strengthening the innovation capacity of large manufacturing incumbents. The term "innovation engineering" is introduced and described to distinctly differentiate exploration-oriented work from exploitation-oriented work and demystify the exploration process and skills. The thesis also presents the concept of "intentional PSS design" as an approach to incorporate future aspirations and current capabilities into an evolutionary design process, connecting current limitations with future anticipated possibilities.The thesis proposes tools for leaders and coaches to support innovation engineering teams in their exploration journeys and bridge the gap between exploration and exploitation. The overall aim of the research is to future-proof large manufacturing incumbents by providing understanding about common challenges and possibilities, a framework for strengthened innovation capacity, incorporating the innovation engineering skills as core competencies, and the innovation engineering process as equally important to and diametrically different from the exploitation process.The research aims to increase awareness and knowledge about innovation engineering and enable infused ambidexterity so that large manufacturing incumbents can find their ways to adapt to a changing environment and reinvention of their ways to meet customer needs. The thesis also proposes ways to bridge between exploration and exploitation to enable a company-wide transition from a product-selling to problem-solving enterprise. By doing so, large manufacturing companies might prolong their lifespan and contribute solving
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Elfsberg, Jenny, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Lost in translation between explore and exploit : From selling products to solving problems in large manufacturing incumbents
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As large manufacturing incumbents are adopting digital technologies and shifting their business models from selling products to solving problems, through PSS (product-service-system) solutions, their development processes need to shift as well. Organizational ambidexterity, the ability to both explore new opportunities and exploit existing customer offerings, is considered to be crucial to companies’ current and future success. In this study it is observed that a gap between exploration and exploitation work streams lead to promising conceptual PSS solutions never reaching a revenue generating stage. This is because product-centricity along with exploitation-optimized processes and mindsets are not equipped to carry the integrated solutions further, from proven concept to market ready solution. This article summarizes a multiple case study, where systematic innovation engineering work has resulted in promising conceptual PSS solutions never reaching market launch. In addition to the in-depth case studies, leaders of exploration-oriented teams in manufacturing incumbents shared their insights which confirmed that the problem is common across companies and industries, and several roadblocks are general. One of the authors has been responsible for a successful shift from a product-centric to an integrated solution-oriented organization and contributed insights from that experience to this study. The authors suggest that the gap between explore and exploit, and the shift from product-centric to PSS-oriented can be managed through an approach where ambidexterity is infused into the entire organization and exploration is demystified, enabling a transparent and concerted shift.
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| 25. |
- Elfsberg, Jenny, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Unlocking the full value of a corporate innovation hub
- 2020
-
Ingår i: <em>The Proceedings of ISPIM Connects Global 2020: Celebrating the World of Innovation</em>. ISPIM.. - : LUT Scientific and Expertise Publications. - 9789523355668
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper covers research about how Corporate Innovation Hubs, CIHs, in Silicon Valley are managed and supported by their corporatemotherships and how their likeliness of success can be increased by consciousand proactive management and support. To embrace the cultural difference as a competitive advantage and learning experience is important. Clear intentions,expectations, team constellation, reporting level and finding the right individualas head of the CIH are identified as crucial factors to consider.
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| 26. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Expanding the social dimension - Towards a knowledge base for product-service innovation
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Impacting society through engineering design. - Glasgow : Design Research Society. - 9781904670230 ; , s. 143-152
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extension of businesses to incorporate the provision of function as a service in supplement to standalone products is an ongoing movement in manufacturing industry. In short, this means that the development intent should be guided by the need of ‘performance in use’ that the customer wants, e.g. thrust rather than an engine. By this, the established knowledge base challenges the development team. This paper embarks from the assumption that there are three main challenges, i.e. (1) innovation activities, (2) customer data acquisition and (3) the transformation of data into design information. The purpose is to discuss knowledge sharing activities to contribute to product-service innovation. In this study it has been found that contemporary data acquisition activities filter out important dimensions of knowledge. Thus, does not provide a sound base for service provisions.
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| 27. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
In search of what is missing : needfinding the SIRIUS way
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fourth IASTED International Conference on Knowledge Sharing and Collaborative Engineering. - Anaheim : ACTA Press. - 0889866090
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- “Listen closely to your customers, and you are more likely to design products that actually meet or even exceed their needs.”: Such statements have come to dominate company innovation strategies in the last decade, but in reality involving customers in product development is not as straightforward as it sounds. Customers, it is becoming clear, cannot always express their needs adequately. Especially, in the case of innovative products where the starting position by definition includes no existing solution, applying a user-orientated approach is paramount. We argue that techniques for ‘needfinding’ must be the point of departure. This has importance both in terms of methodological issues – how to find customer needs? – and for organizational work – who should be engaged in finding customer needs? In our view, engineers must be involved in identifying and understanding those needs. We have learnt through a series of studies, that structured needfinding by engineers during the earliest phases of product development could better support the process of identifying needs and thereby guide design projects. In this way, two basic problems are overcome. Firstly, identifying needs which are otherwise difficult to articulate becomes possible. Secondly, translation difficulties between customers and engineers are eradicated
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| 28. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Revisiting the Research Field of Product-Service Systems Development
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference : IDETC/CI. - New York : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. - 9780791845028 ; 3, s. 1043-1049
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research within the Product-Service Systems (PSS) field aims to support manufacturing industries’ ability to provide value in terms of a service offer to its customers, simultaneously taking a more holistic approach to eco-sustainability. The industrial idea of providing customer benefits in parallel with robust products is not new, yet equipping engineers to conduct innovation and applying a service perspective in the early design stages is noticed as fairly radical. The purpose in this paper is two-fold. First, to describe research efforts within the PSS field seen through our engineering design lenses, second, to explore and discuss plausible directions and by that identify “white spots” on the map, which may be seen as relevant directions for futureresearch.
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| 29. |
- Filla, Reno, 1973-
(författare)
-
Operator and Machine Models for Dynamic Simulation of Construction Machinery
- 2005
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING has been generally adopted in product development in order to minimise the traditional reliance on testing of physical prototypes. It thus constitutes a major step towards solving the conflict of actual increasing development cost and time due to increasing customer demands on one side, and the need to decrease development cost and time due to increasing competition on the other. Particularly challenging for the off-road equipment industry is that its products, working machines, are complex in architecture. Tightly coupled, non-linear sub-systems of different technical domains make prediction and optimisation of the complete system’s dynamic behaviour difficult.Furthermore, in working machines the human operator is essential for the performance of the total system. Properties such as productivity, fuel efficiency, and operability are all not only dependent on inherent machine properties and working place conditions, but also on how the operator uses the machine. This is an aspect that is traditionally neglected in dynamic simulations, because the modelling needs to be extended beyond the technical system.The research presented in this thesis focuses on wheel loaders, which are representative for working machines. The technical system and the influence of the human operator is analysed, and so-called short loading cycles are described in depth. Two approaches to rule-based simulation models of a wheel loader operator are presented and used in simulations. Both operator models control the machine model by means of engine throttle, lift and tilt lever, steering wheel, and brake only – just as a human operator does. Also, only signals that a human operator can sense are used in the models. It is demonstrated that both operator models are able to adapt to basic variations in workplace setup and machine capability. Thus, a “human element” can be introduced into dynamic simulation of working machines, giving more relevant answers with respect to operator-influenced complete-machine properties such as productivity, fuel efficiency, and operability already in the concept phase of the product development process.
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| 30. |
- Frank, Martin, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards autonomous construction equipment : supporting on-site collaboration between automatons and humans
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Product Development. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1477-9056 .- 1741-8178. ; 23:4, s. 292-308
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To support the application of automated machines andcollaborative robots in unstructured environments like in the mining,agriculture and construction sector the needs of the human co-workershould be investigated to ensure a safe and productive collaboration.The empirical study presented includes the prototyping of a solution forhuman-machine communication, which has been supported by a designthinking approach. An understanding of the human needs had beencreated through jobsite observations and semi-structured interviewswith human workforces working in close proximity to heavy mobileequipment. The results shows that trust and communication have a bigimpact on the jobsite collaboration.
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| 31. |
- Gårdebjer, Sofie, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
An overview of the transport of liquid molecules through structured polymer films, barriers and composites - Experiments correlated to structure-based simulations
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-8686. ; 256, s. 48-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Films engineered to control the transport of liquids are widely used through society. Examples include barriers in packaging, wound care products, and controlled release coatings in pharmaceutics. When observed at the macroscopic scale such films commonly appear homogeneous, however, a closer look reveals a complex nano and microstructure that together with the chemical properties of the different domains control the transport properties. In this review we compare and discuss macroscopic transport properties, measured using the straightforward, yet highly powerful technique "modified Ussing chambers", also denoted side-by-side diffusion cells, for a wide range of structured polymer films and composites. We also discuss and compare the macroscopic observations and conclusions on materials properties with that of lattice Boltzmann simulations of transport properties based on underlying material structure and chemistry. The survey of the field: (i) highlights the use and power of modified Ussing Chambers for determining liquid transport properties of polymer films, (ii) demonstrates the predictability in both directions between macroscopic observations of transport using modified Ussing chambers and structure-based simulations, and (iii) provides experimental and theoretical insights regarding the transport-determining properties of structured polymer films and composites. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Johansson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Gated maturity assessment : supporting gate review decision documents with maturity of knowledge assessment
- 2008
-
Ingår i: CIRP Design Conference 2008. - Enschede : Laboratory of Design, Production and Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Univ. of Twente. - 9789036526340
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In aeronautics industry today, companies collaborate closely in virtual enterprises to develop products and solutions that are more integrated and more complex, and that aims to target larger responsibilities regarding the product life-cycle. On top of this, lead-time and development costs needs to be reduced.The 7 Day Proposal (7DP) is the conceptual name of a framework wherein a customized proposal is produced by a virtual enterprise consortium within seven days from a received request for proposal. This is substantially shorter than what is current practice today and implies that new methods, tools and ways of working are needed. Today, in offer processes, time is lost because of insufficient, or immature, available information and knowledge at gate reviews when decisions are due, causing time consuming iterations. The Gated Maturity Assessment (GMA) concept is intended to help reduce these costly iterations by targeting the ambiguity at these gate reviews in order to reduce the uncertainty in decision base. Other frameworks using maturity include Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) and the Capability Maturity Model (CMM). TRL is an artefact-focused framework developed by NASA to assess space technology maturity. CMM is a process-focused framework for assessing organisations' software development process capability (maturity). The GMA is a concept for assessing the maturity of the knowledge that goes into a gate review (i.e. a decision document). The GMA is intended to support decision makers by assuring confidence in these decision points and thereby reducing the number of iterations, hereby reducing lead-time and increases the quality of the process.This paper reports on the development of the GMA concept from the 7DP use case, and also the development of a support tool intended for use in the 7DP process. Essentially, the 7DP process is a stage-gate process like many corporate product development processes with a number of decision gates. Therefore there is a future wish to move towards an engineering design context with this concept. The work is part of the 70 million € European project VIVACE where GMA is part of a Knowledge Enabled Engineering solution to the 7DP use case.
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| 34. |
- Johansson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Gated maturity assessment - Supporting Gate Review Decisions with Knowledge Maturity Assessment
- 2008
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In aeronautics industry today, companies collaborate closely in virtual enterprises to develop products and solutions that are more integrated and more complex, and that aims to target larger responsibilities regarding the product life-cycle. On top of this, lead-time and development costs needs to be reduced.The 7 Day Proposal (7DP) is the conceptual name of a framework wherein a customized proposal is produced by a virtual enterprise consortium within seven days from a received request for proposal. This is substantially shorter than what is current practice today and implies that new methods, tools and ways of working are needed. Today, in offer processes, time is lost because of insufficient, or immature, available information and knowledge at gate reviews when decisions are due, causing time consuming iterations. The Gated Maturity Assessment (GMA) concept is intended to help reduce these costly iterations by targeting the ambiguity at these gate reviews in order to reduce the uncertainty in decision base. Other frameworks using maturity include Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) and the Capability Maturity Model (CMM). TRL is an artefact-focused framework developed by NASA to assess space technology maturity. CMM is a process-focused framework for assessing organisations' software development process capability (maturity). The GMA is a concept for assessing the maturity of the knowledge that goes into a gate review (i.e. a decision document). The GMA is intended to support decision makers by assuring confidence in these decision points and thereby reducing the number of iterations, hereby reducing lead-time and increases the quality of the process.This paper reports on the development of the GMA concept from the 7DP use case, and also the development of a support tool intended for use in the 7DP process. Essentially, the 7DP process is a stage-gate process like many corporate product development processes with a number of decision gates. Therefore there is a future wish to move towards an engineering design context with this concept. The work is part of the 70 million € European project VIVACE where GMA is part of a Knowledge Enabled Engineering solution to the 7DP use case.
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| 35. |
- Johansson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Knowledge enabled engineering - knowledge lifecycle approach
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Svenska Mekanikdagar 2007. - Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet. ; , s. 102-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- VIVACE is an EC-funded integrated project that addresses aeronautics´ vision for the year 2020. More specifically VIVACE intends to achieve cost reduction and time reduction in new aircraft development. VIVACE consists of three sub-projects where the two first extracts problems from aircraft and engine industries respectively. The third sub-project collects these problems and develops advanced capabilities (methods, tools, guidelines, etc.). The ’Knowledge Enabled Engineering’ (KEE) work package in sub-project three focuses issues on concerns associated with knowledge within an extended enterprise. This includes both Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) issues, but also more general questions about engineering knowledge. The work starts in analysing requirements from use cases via finding existing solutions to conducting tests in the form of pilots. Finally the knowledge acquired is disseminated to both the aeronautics community and also to a wider audience in Europe and the rest of the world.
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| 36. |
- Johansson, Christian, 1980-
(författare)
-
Knowledge engineering in the virtual enterprise : exploring a maturity-based decision support
- 2007
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In product development, lead-time reduction, cost reduction, and quality improvement are issues that companies want to improve on to increase competitiveness. One recent approach to reach this - particularly in the aerospace industry where the complexity of product offers is steadily increasing - is to manage risk by forming virtual enterprises. A virtual enterprise is a network of partner companies that join on equal terms when an opportunity arises to develop a product offer, e.g. a jet engine offer, in a more agile manner than if any of the partners would realise it by themselves. They therefore team up to share risk, investment and resources - to in return also share revenue and profit. A driver for the formation of the virtual enterprise is the ability to effectively utilise partner knowledge assets. However, when sharing and managing knowledge effectively across the virtual enterprise, current practices have yet to evolve to meet the needs of knowledge workers, who may come from different aerospace companies, have different roles, belong to different disciplines and that may also be situated in geographically dispersed locations.Improving product development includes allowing developers from all disciplines to know - as early as possible in the product development process - more about the customer needs, the desired product properties, and the downstream impact of the decisions they choose to make throughout the process. Knowing about the impact in downstream phases would allow for significant time and cost savings due to the avoidance of unnecessary and expensive rework that would otherwise occur much further on in the product's life cycle.Among other things, a virtual enterprise can start organising and mapping the knowledge assets available in their teams, and information overload can be managed by assuring that the right knowledge ends up with the right person, to mention but a few things that can facilitate the everyday work of engineers and their colleagues. When working in a product development project, the virtual enterprise needs to assess the quality of the created knowledge as early as possible to devise the correct actions early. In this thesis, a Gated Maturity Assessment technique including the concept of knowledge maturity has been developed as an example of an improved stage-gate decision-making process. With this approach development teams are able to assess the knowledge maturity level in the content and rationale that is put forward as a basis for a decision - as opposed to only assessing the raw data of the results (i.e. thrust, weight, fuel burn, etc.). Knowledge maturity is used to support decision makers when in the process of assessing a decision base to make a decision whether to go ahead, abort the process, or order rework to be done. Naturally, if the decision base is poor, a decision to go ahead should probably not be taken, as the consequences might be negative. In assessing maturity, decision makers can determine at decision points if the knowledge base is good enough to move forward to the next step in the jet engine component design, if there is need for rework, and what specific areas need to be improved. Decision makers can divert and focus resources to areas of importance due to, for instance, too low maturity levels.Knowledge maturity is a way to - using a criteria scale that prescribes the knowledge needed at each level - help development teams assess and visualise how well they know what they know, and subsequently, what they need to know. This thesis explores the feasibility of using knowledge maturity as a way of supporting knowledge engineering in the context of a development process in aeronautics.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Karlsson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
-
Information driven collaborative engineering : enabling functional product innovation
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Challenges in Collaborative Engineering - CCE '05. - Jönköping, Sweden : Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Jönköping University. - 9197560413
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses Information Driven Collaborative Engineering (IDCE) as an enabler of Functional Product Innovation (FPI). It discusses challenges that arise in functional product development and how distributed collaborative work will be affected. Finally the paper proposes bringing the domains of Distributed Collaborative Engineering (DCE) and Knowledge Enabled Engineering (KEE) together to form IDCE, in order to meet these challenges.
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| 39. |
- Kastensson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Embracing risk to pursue product innovation in automotive industry
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A company’s ability to successfully introduce radically new products and services is a key success factor for sustaining competitive advantage. This is particularly true for the automotive industry, where smaller manufacturers with niche products struggle to compete with the large-scale efforts of their bigger competitors, and are thus in desperate need to innovate their way out of the current crisis. A key challenge for companies seeking innovation is how to better understand the role of risk in innovative practice. The purpose of this study is to investigate how managers within an automotive company perceive the concept of innovation and the relation between innovation and risk. The study is based on interviews with fifteen managers representing a cross-section of disciplines. The analysis of the informants’ answers resulted in two overarching themes, “novelty” and “value”, which were further broken down into seven sub-themes to highlight different facets of innovation that were raised by managers from these disciplines. While there were many similarities in the perceptions, the most striking differences related to; 1) innovation as being about the “combination of things to something new”, and 2) innovation as being about increasing “customer value”. Several informants noted that risk taking is a success factor to achieve innovation, but they also acknowledged that there are several inhibiting factors that are in contradiction with this approach, such as limited time and money. Further the paper has highlighted the crucial challenge of how to effectively balance risk and opportunity to invest in long-term opportunities, without risking short-term growth.
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| 40. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Design for Wellbeing
- 2005
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing need for engineering designers to engage in creative activities that result in innovative products and technologies for the benefit of society. However, from an engineering perspective, issues of ‘life quality’ are currently heavily under-prioritized, particularly with regard to people with disabilities. This paper argues that both needs and solutions are now part of the designer’s responsibility, and that it is crucial to make a qualitative assessment of both the potential market impact and the ‘quality of life’ improvements afforded by innovations. Design for Wellbeing offers a perspective on life quality that goes beyond the traditional scope of assistive technology in that it aims to help people make a transformation from an actual state of being to a desired state of being – regardless of ability level.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Distributed team innovation - a framework for distributed product development
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to the need for increased effectivity in global product development, the Polhem Laboratory at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden, and the Center for Design Research at Stanford University, USA, have created the concept of Distributed Team Innovation (DTI). The overall aim of the DTI framework is to decrease the negative impact of geographic distance on product development efforts and to further enhance current advantages of worldwide, multidisciplinary collaboration. The DTI framework uses a three-layered approach to the advancement of global collaboration; with product development, education, and research in dynamic and synergetic interaction. From our preliminary findings, we believe that the approach we have taken in the DTI initiative will make significant contributions to meet current challenges of distributed product development.
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| 43. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Engineering 2.0 : exploring lightweight technologies for the virtual enterprise
- 2010
-
Ingår i: From CSCW to Web 2.0. - London : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9781848829640 - 9781848829657 ; , s. 173-191
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a traditional business partnership, the partner companies are under contractual obligation to share data, information, and knowledge through one or several information systems that the leading firm decides. In such a case, the issue of sharing "whatever needs to be shared" is settled in contracts before any action is taken, however, also giving the implications that sharing expertise becomes a heavy and time-consuming activity. In turn, it can be argued that the heavy administration affects the lead time of product development negatively since the necessary input flows are delayed. In addition, the adaptation to certain predefined collaborative information systems is both expensive and resource-consuming (e.g., educating staff to use them). Also, the system might not be adaptable to the existing internal technology structure, causing a "translation" procedure, again taking up resources. Another structure for collaboration is a network or alliance of independent partner companies. One motivation for a network structure is that the partners can join or leave it more easily. A reason for joining and staying is an implicit sense of knowledge sharing (Tomkins 2001) and access to a "win-win" environment. Furthermore, the partners can be linked by information technology, i.e., forming a virtual structure rather than a physical one. The technologies provide the channels with additional knowledge. In a best-case scenario, a company would get access to a wide range of useful competences, and in a worst-case scenario the company would be drained of its core competences. Accordingly, at least two considerations for joining a partner network can be considered. First, the resources needed to couple the technologies have to be reasonable, due to the underpinning logic of going in and out of more than one network. Second, the company has to identify its knowledge base and evaluate the prospective gains and losses of sharing its expertise.
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| 44. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Engineering 2.0 - Exploring Lightweight Technologies for the Virtual Enterprise
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems, COOP 08.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a Virtual Enterprise setting, it becomes increasingly important to make sure that knowledge and expertise created in one discipline, domain or company is correctly understood and quickly utilized by other actors throughout the value chain. This paper discusses why lightweight technology seems like a particularly promising concept in this context, and why Virtual Enterprises could benefit from learning more about tag clouds, mashups, wikis, and other ‘lightweight' technologies, as complements to the large-scale, arguably ‘heavyweight', product life-cycle management (PLM) systems of current practice. The paper draws on data from a number of product development projects - ranging from the development of manufacturing tools and industrial drive systems, to aircraft engines and armored terrain vehicles. The paper identifies both the kinds of problem typically experienced in the Virtual Enterprise, in relation to knowledge sharing, and explores ways in which lightweight technology might be adapted to solve them.
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| 45. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Intranet - Luleå University of Technology
- 2001
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Division of Computer Aided Design has been announced as one of ten winners in the Intranet Design Annual, published by web guru Jakob Nielsen at Nielsen/Norman Group. In competition with over 50 nominated organizations, the division's Intranet, developed by Andreas Larsson, Tobias Larsson and Peter Törlind, reached the top ten. Nielsen has been called the "guru of webpage usability" by the New York Times, and he currently holds 60 U.S. Patents, most of them concerning web usability. The report states: “It is also notable that Luleå University of Technology made it to the top 10, despite being designed by a bunch of graduate students. Though small and lacking a lot of resources, this design team focused relentlessly on user needs and on simplifying their design through many fast iterations. Some of the Luleå features underwent up to 50 iterations before they reached their current usability level. ‘I thought my initial design for the calendar application was really easy to use - in fact, I was quite proud of it,’ says one of the developers. But, the design didn’t hold up when professors and other staff members used it, so it was changed. User needs triumphed over the designer’s initial pride. That’s the hallmark of a truly great designer. On a small budget, the way to achieve high-quality design is through fast, cheap iterations and a willingness to do what users need.” http://www.useit.com/alertbox/intranet_design_2001.html http://www.nngroup.com/reports/intranet/2001/
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| 46. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Project: CRESCENDO - Collaborative and Robust Engineering using Simulation Capability Enabling Next Design Optimisation
- 2009
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The IMG4 project CRESCENDO addresses the Vision 2020 objectives for the aeronautical industry by contributing significantly to the fulfilment of three specific targets of the aeronautical industry’s Strategic Research Agenda. CRESCENDO will develop the foundations for the Behavioural Digital Aircraft (BDA),taking experience and results from VIVACE, and integrating these into a federative system and building the BDA on top of them. Main components of the BDA are: the Model Store, the Simulation Factory, the Quality Laboratory, and the Enterprise Collaboration Capabilities. It will be validated through use cases and test cases concerning “Power Plant Integration”, “Energy Aircraft”, “Thermal Aircraft” and “Value Generation” design problems and viewpoints during the preliminary design, detailed design, and test and certification phases of a generic aircraft product life-cycle. The BDA will become the new backbone for the simulation world, just as the Digital Mock-up (DMU) is today for the Product Life-cycle Management (PLM) world. This is considered a challenging area for research and innovation for the next decade. Hence, the CRESCENDO results will provide the aeronautics supply chain with the means to realistically manage and mature the virtual product in the extended/virtual enterprise with all of the requested functionality and components in each phase of the product engineering life cycle. CRESCENDO will make its approach available to the aeronautics supply chain via existing networks, information dissemination, training and technology transfer actions. The project will last three years and be organised into six subprojects: four technical and business-oriented subprojects, one “Enabling Capabilities” subproject which will deliver the BDA and a sixth subproject, responsible for consortium management and innovation issues. CRESCENDO will bring together 59 partners from industry, research institutes, universities and technology providers
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| 47. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Rethinking virtual teams for streamlined development
- 2008
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Ingår i: Virtual technologies. - Hershey PA : Information Science Reference. - 9781599049557 - 9781599049557 ; , s. 1646-1664
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Drawing from experiences in automotive and aerospace development, the authors argue that it is time to radically progress our current understanding of how creativity could be introduced in organizations where factors like legal demands and contractual agreements severely restrict ‘outside-the-box' thinking, and where well-known creativity enablers such as trust, shared goals, and shared culture are becoming increasingly difficult to accomplish.
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| 48. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Rethinking virtual teams for streamlined development
- 2007
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Ingår i: Higher creativity for virtual teams. - Hershey, PA : Information Science Reference. - 9781599041292 - 1599041294 - 9781599041315 - 1599041316 ; , s. 138-156
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Drawing from experiences in automotive and aerospace development, the authors argue that it is time to radically progress our current understanding of how creativity could be introduced in organizations where factors like legal demands and contractual agreements severely restrict ‘outside-the-box' thinking, and where well-known creativity enablers such as trust, shared goals, and shared culture are becoming increasingly difficult to accomplish.
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| 49. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The Mobile intranet : managing people and information in a distributed organization
- 2002
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Ingår i: WWDU 2002. - Berlin : Ergonomic, Inst. für Arbeits- und Sozialforschung. - 3925251081
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a result of the increasing globalisation of organizations, information systems must deal with issues of mobility. Longer distances between the members can lead to a knowledge gap, which means that two groups of people working in the same organization work according to completely different bases of information. Thus, there is a need for the members of an organization to communicate efficiently across geographical and departmental boundaries. The paper discusses motives, methods and experiences from the participatory design of a versatile Intranet application currently in use at the Division of Computer Aided Design, Luleå University of Technology in Sweden.
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| 50. |
- Larsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A modular approach to web based multibody dynamic simulation
- 2001
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Ingår i: International CIRP Design Seminar. - Stockholm : Kungl. Tekniska Högskolan.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer-based tools for modelling and simulation have changed the best practise of product development. Simulation of mechanical dynamic systems have a large potential in product development but are only partly used today due to, for example, modelling complexity. A method, or tool, that supports distribution of multibody dynamic analysis models, in a modular way, is proposed and developed. Ethnographic methods have been used as a means for gaining an understanding of the engineering analysis work practice. The tool incorporates the engineering simulation packages ADAMS and MATLAB in a web based environment, and allows distributed multibody dynamic simulation in product development.
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