| 1. |
- Willems, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale GWAS identifies multiple loci for hand grip strength providing biological insights into muscular fitness
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hand grip strength is a widely used proxy of muscular fitness, a marker of frailty, and predictor of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. To investigate the genetic determinants of variation in grip strength, we perform a large-scale genetic discovery analysis in a combined sample of 195,180 individuals and identify 16 loci associated with grip strength (P<5 × 10-8) in combined analyses. A number of these loci contain genes implicated in structure and function of skeletal muscle fibres (ACTG1), neuronal maintenance and signal transduction (PEX14, TGFA, SYT1), or monogenic syndromes with involvement of psychomotor impairment (PEX14, LRPPRC and KANSL1). Mendelian randomization analyses are consistent with a causal effect of higher genetically predicted grip strength on lower fracture risk. In conclusion, our findings provide new biological insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of grip strength and the causal role of muscular strength in age-related morbidities and mortality. © The Author(s) 2017.
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| 4. |
- Harris, WS, et al.
(författare)
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Blood n-3 fatty acid levels and total and cause-specific mortality from 17 prospective studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1, s. 2329-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The health effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been controversial. Here we report the results of a de novo pooled analysis conducted with data from 17 prospective cohort studies examining the associations between blood omega-3 fatty acid levels and risk for all-cause mortality. Over a median of 16 years of follow-up, 15,720 deaths occurred among 42,466 individuals. We found that, after multivariable adjustment for relevant risk factors, risk for death from all causes was significantly lower (by 15–18%, at least p < 0.003) in the highest vs the lowest quintile for circulating long chain (20–22 carbon) omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids). Similar relationships were seen for death from cardiovascular disease, cancer and other causes. No associations were seen with the 18-carbon omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid. These findings suggest that higher circulating levels of marine n-3 PUFA are associated with a lower risk of premature death.
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| 6. |
- Arnbjörnsson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Tomography Findings in Children Operated for Anal Atresia
- 1990
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0939-7248 .- 1439-359X. ; 45:3, s. 178-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computerised tomography and magnetic resonance tomography were performed in nine faecally incontinent patients more than eight years after rectoplasty for high imperforate anus. No statistically significant correlation was found between function, i. e. degree of faecal incontinence, and anatomical findings. Thus, in spite of a detailed demonstration of the post-operative anatomy, the information does not seem to be directly applicable in indicating a way to reoperate for faecal incontinence in this group of patients.
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| 7. |
- Arnbjörnsson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Computed tomography of ano-rectal anomalies : Correlation between radiologic findings and clinical evaluation of faecal incontinence
- 1989
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 30:1, s. 25-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 9 patients with faecal incontinence more than 8 years after rectoplasty for high imperforate anus. The radiologic findings were correlated with the clinical evaluation of faecal incontinence. No statistically significant correlation was found between function and anatomic findings as demonstrated by CT. Thus, although CT demonstrates the post-operative anatomy in a detailed way, the information does not seem to be directly applicable when selecting the type of reoperation for faecal incontinence.
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| 9. |
- Callen, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 27:8, s. 1385-1394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.3%; median 78%; range 30.1 percentage points) compared with the United States (mean 64.6%) and Russia (mean 30.4%). Vaccine acceptance in LMICs is primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against COVID-19, while concern about side effects is the most common reason for hesitancy. Health workers are the most trusted sources of guidance about COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from this sample of LMICs suggests that prioritizing vaccine distribution to the Global South should yield high returns in advancing global immunization coverage. Vaccination campaigns should focus on translating the high levels of stated acceptance into actual uptake. Messages highlighting vaccine efficacy and safety, delivered by healthcare workers, could be effective for addressing any remaining hesitancy in the analyzed LMICs. © 2021, The Author(s).
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| 13. |
- Gruneau Brulin, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Religion vs. the Welfare State-The Importance of Cultural Context for Religious Schematicity and Priming
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1941-1022 .- 1943-1562. ; 10:3, s. 276-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior research, using correlational and self-report methodologies, suggests that religion and public welfare function as alternate security/insurance systems. Consequently, in countries with more expansive public welfare systems people report less religiosity. The present studies expand this field by utilizing experimental methodology and by replicating and extending two previous experiments in both a secular/welfare state context (Sweden) and a religious/nonwelfare state context (the United States). In the first set of experiments, we tested if cognitive access to religious and welfare-related mental schemas differ depending on context. We also tested whether previous findings indicating that people cognitively turn to religion when exposed to threat replicate and extend to the welfare system. In the second set of experiments, we tested whether religious and welfare reminders lead to increased risk taking in these contexts. Our findings show that participants in the secular/welfare state context had lower cognitive access to religious schemas and were less willing to take risks after religious reminders. However, our findings did not replicate those from previous studies: our participants did not have increased cognitive access to religion, nor public welfare, after threat primes. Similarly, our participants were generally not more prone to risk taking after reminders of religion (or public welfare), although such an effect was obtained specifically on high-religious participants. We conclude that cultural context is important to consider when studying psychological functions of religion, and we suggest that the failed replications may be due to cultural, contextual factors. Finally, religious reminders may have contradictory influences on risk taking.
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| 20. |
- Schäfer, David, et al.
(författare)
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Multiscale Investigation of Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes: Analytical Techniques and Applications
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - 1614-6840 .- 1614-6832. ; 14:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The anode/electrolyte interface behavior, and by extension, the overall cell performance of sodium-ion batteries is determined by a complex interaction of processes that occur at all components of the electrochemical cell across a wide range of size- and timescales. Single-scale studies may provide incomplete insights, as they cannot capture the full picture of this complex and intertwined behavior. Broad, multiscale studies are essential to elucidate these processes. Within this perspectives article, several analytical and theoretical techniques are introduced, and described how they can be combined to provide a more complete and comprehensive understanding of sodium-ion battery (SIB) performance throughout its lifetime, with a special focus on the interfaces of hard carbon anodes. These methods target various length- and time scales, ranging from micro to nano, from cell level to atomistic structures, and account for a broad spectrum of physical and (electro)chemical characteristics. Specifically, how mass spectrometric, microscopic, spectroscopic, electrochemical, thermodynamic, and physical methods can be employed to obtain the various types of information required to understand battery behavior will be explored. Ways are then discussed how these methods can be coupled together in order to elucidate the multiscale phenomena at the anode interface and develop a holistic understanding of their relationship to overall sodium-ion battery function.
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