| 1. |
- Bakker, D. C. E., et al.
(författare)
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An update to the surface ocean CO2 atlas (SOCAT version 2)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 6:1, s. 69-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO 2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models. © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
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| 2. |
- Yasunaka, S., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping of the air-sea CO2 flux in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas: Basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability
- 2016
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Ingår i: Polar Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-9652. ; 10:3, s. 323-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We produced 204 monthly maps of the air-sea CO2 flux in the Arctic north of 60 degrees N, including the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas, from January 1997 to December 2013 by using a self-organizing map technique. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) in surface water data were obtained by shipboard underway measurements or calculated from alkalinity and total inorganic carbon of surface water samples. Subsequently, we investigated the basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability of the CO2 fluxes. The 17-year annual mean CO2 flux shows that all areas of the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas were net CO2 sinks. The estimated annual CO2 uptake by the Arctic Ocean was 180 TgC yr(-1). The CO2 influx was strongest in winter in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas (>15 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) and the Barents Sea (>12 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) because of strong winds, and strongest in summer in the Chukchi Sea (similar to 10 mmol m(-2) day(-1)) because of the sea-ice retreat In recent years, the CO2 uptake has increased in the Greenland/Norwegian Sea and decreased in the southern Barents Sea, owing to increased and decreased air-sea pCO(2) differences, respectively. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 3. |
- Lauvset, S. K., et al.
(författare)
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Annual and seasonal fCO(2) and air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Barents Sea
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963. ; 113-114, s. 62-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Barents Sea is the strongest CO2 sink in the Arctic region, yet estimates of the air-sea CO2 flux in this area show a large span reflecting uncertainty as well as significant variability both seasonally and regionally. Here we use a previously unpublished data set of seawater CO2 fugacity (fCO(2)), and map these data over the western Barents Sea through multivariable linear regressions with SeaWiFS/MODIS remote sensing and TOPAZ model data fields. We find that two algorithms are necessary in order to cover the full seasonal cycle, mainly because not all proxy variables are available for the entire year, and because variability in fCO(2) is driven by different mechanisms in summer and winter. A comprehensive skill assessment indicates that there is a good overall correspondence between observations and predictions. The algorithms are also validated using two independent data sets, with good results. The gridded fCO(2) fields reveal tight links between water mass distribution and fCO(2) in all months, and particularly in winter. The seasonal cycle show peaks in the total air-sea CO2 influx in May and September, caused by respectively biological drawdown of CO2 and low sea ice concentration leaving a large open water area. For 2007 the annual average air-sea CO2 flux is -48 +/- 5 gC m(-2), which is comparable to previous estimates. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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