| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Agirre, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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The CCP4 suite: integrative software for macromolecular crystallography
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section D. - : INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. - 2059-7983. ; 79, s. 449-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Collaborative Computational Project No. 4 (CCP4) is a UK-led international collective with a mission to develop, test, distribute and promote software for macromolecular crystallography. The CCP4 suite is a multiplatform collection of programs brought together by familiar execution routines, a set of common libraries and graphical interfaces. The CCP4 suite has experienced several considerable changes since its last reference article, involving new infrastructure, original programs and graphical interfaces. This article, which is intended as a general literature citation for the use of the CCP4 software suite in structure determination, will guide the reader through such transformations, offering a general overview of the new features and outlining future developments. As such, it aims to highlight the individual programs that comprise the suite and to provide the latest references to them for perusal by crystallographers around the world.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Kent, 1967-
(författare)
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On the Military Utility of Spectral Design in Signature Management : a Systems Approach
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an ongoing duel between military sensor development and developments in signature management. The last decade, with warfare characterized by joint expeditionary operations and asymmetry, has favored sensors. However, on account of the worsening security situation in Europe, there is now also an increasing interest in efforts to increase survivability of own military platforms. Spectral design is one of several promising technologies with extensive research potentially suitable for Low Observable platforms. It involves creating desired spectral optical responses from surfaces, in this case reducing contrast to background, by choosing suitable materials and structures. The challenge to a military decision-maker, faced with inherent uncertainties concerning the future and with limited resources, is how to choose among alternative capabilities, technologies or equipment. Correspondingly, on account of the system character of the signature attribute, researchers in technologies for signature management has difficulties communicating relevant basis for these decisions. The scope of this thesis is therefore to find and analyze patterns in decision situations involving technology or technical systems for military use, and the purpose is to propose conceptual and methodological contributions to support future decisionmaking. The technology focus is on spectral design and the application in focus is signature management of Low Observable military platforms. The research objective is addressed from a military system and capability centric perspective using methods from several disciplines in the military sciences domain. The result is synthesized from four separate studies: 1) on spectral design using systematic review of literature, 2) on military utility using a concept formation method, 3) on modeling for how to operationalize a link between spectral design and measures of military utility using methods of military operations research, and, 4) on cases of systems engineering of military Low Observable platform designs. In summary, the result of the work presented in this thesis is a compilation of related work in military sciences, systems engineering and material optics into a framework to support effective decision-making in relevant contexts. The major contribution to theory is a proposed concept called Military Utility, capturing how to communicate the utility of technical systems, or technology, in a military context. It is a compound measure of Military Effectiveness, Military Suitability and Affordability. Other contributions can be expected to support decision-making in practice; - the so-called Ladder-model is a template for how to quantitatively operationalize the military effectiveness dimension of Military Utility regarding the use of spectral design; - an applied Ladder-model is demonstrated, useful for analyzing the military utility of spectral designs in Low Observable attack aircraft; - a probabilistic framework for survivability assessments is adopted into a methodology for doing the analysis, and lastly; - a generic workflow is identified, from relevant development programs, including decision-situations that can benefit from the adopted methodology.
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| 4. |
- Friedrich, Thilo, 1976-
(författare)
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Engineering Aspects of Computing Systems for Accelerator based Light Sources
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Different characterization methods that rely on electron accelerator technology, in particular synchrotron light sources, have become major research tools for expanding fields in various natural sciences. While traditionally physics research has been the motivation for new accelerator facilities and system designs, newly emerging areas in life sciences, molecular sciences and material science are additionally driving forces today.Light sources and similar research facilities rely heavily on computing systems to fulfill their tasks. The application areas of computing systems include system control and monitoring tasks, data acquisition and processing, networks and a variety of information technology related services, both for in-house users and visiting research groups.Previous research on computing systems for light sources has usually been focused on technical designs and solutions for particular systems, mostly motivated from natural science point of views. This thesis describes the field of computing systems for light sources as a research field of its own, with its special properties, challenges, and relations to other engineering fields in the accelerator world. Further, this thesis evaluates relevant technologies for computing systems with a focus on accelerator facility control system frameworks. Best practices in the development of computing systems are introduced, and related to Systems Engineering (SE) and system lifecycle management.The thesis elaborates a work process framework encompassing organizational and technical processes concerning computing systems at light sources, which is based on the ISO/IEC 15288 standard. The framework enhances work process analysis and improvements, and consequently the effective and efficient achievement of facility goals. An improved approach for Requirements Engineering concerning computing systems at light sources is introduced. Further, a compilation and evaluation of modern design principles and guidelines for controls and IT groups is presented.As a research field, engineering of computing systems for light sources represents a part of the development of a complex socio-technical system. As such, this research field faces particular challenges and properties, such as the uniqueness and often prototypical character of the systems and complex relations of stakeholder interests. The thesis presents and discusses a research approach customized to this research field, both to allow for a holistic approach (using SE) and to accommodate for the practical research constraints. This concerns the study of technical and non-technical research subjects, the basis for scientific study and reasoning, and the role of the researcher as active participant in the field. Finally, an outlook is given on further research opportunities in the field.The thesis work has been accompanying, and been part of, the design and construction of the MAX IV facility, a new state-of-the-art synchrotron based light source in Lund, Sweden.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lawson, Harold, et al.
(författare)
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Provisioning of Deterministic and Non-Deterministic Services for Vehicles: The Rubus Approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: 4th International Workshop on Critical Automotive Applications: Robustness & Safety CARS-2016. - Göteborg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Providing computer-based services for vehicle functions has evolved to the point where a large majority of functions are realized by software. However, the need to provide safety and security in critical functions such as braking, steering, motor control, etc. requires an approach that can guarantee the continuous reliable operation of the functions. At the same time, there are a variety of functions that are less critical from the vehicle operation perspective that can be provided where safety and security are less critical. From a vehicle manufacturers point of view, providing both types of services in an economic and reliable manner is a real challenge. To meet this challenge, we consider the Rubus Tool Suit for the software development and a well-proven (in industrial use for over twenty years) and certified (according to ISO 26262) operating system Kernel for its execution. In addition, a user-friendly approach to model- and component-based development concept called the “software circuits” has provided an approach to meet the demands of both safety-critical deterministic and as well as non-safety critical non-deterministic services. In this paper, a brief history of the evolution of Rubus approach as well as an overview of the driving concepts used in providing the Rubus products are described.
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| 7. |
- Lawson Jr., Harold W.
(författare)
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Micro- and System Architectures in the 1980's
- 1980
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- After approxirnate1y 30 years experience with microprogrammed control concepts, we find ourselves at an interesting turning point leading into the 1980's. Experience with various microprogrammed contro1 techniques has been obtained, some experience has been obtained in recent years in the redistribution of functions between various software and microarchitectureal levels and we have a better idea of methods of timing and synchronization. This know1ed~e together with the possibilities brought on by VLSI will meet in the 1980's and have several interesting effects upon system architecture at microarchitecture and higher architectural levels.We shall consider some of the opportunities and limitations of VLSI and their potential effects upon microarchitecture followed by a view of the future utilization of "programmed logic". More specifically, we shall be considering the structuring of logic, synchronization, microarchitecture characteristics, target machine properties and special purpose microprogrammed machines. Further, we shall touch upon relationships to function distribution, computer aided design and the possibilities for architectural synthesis.
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| 8. |
- Mubeen, Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Academic-industrial Collaboration in the Vehicle Software Domain: Experiences and End-user Perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: 4th International Workshop on Critical Automotive Applications. - Göteborg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a success story of academic-industrial collaboration in the vehicular domain. The collaboration has resulted in the development and evolution of a model- and component-based software development tool chain that is used to develop safety-critical, robust, and certified, control software for vehicles. The tool chain has been successfully used in the vehicle industry for about 20 years. The sustained development of the tool chain is based one a unique collaboration, described in this paper, where the collaborators form a clear value chain from academia, through tool-developer, to the end-users of the technology. We describe experiences of each collaborator with a focus on the end-user's perspective. Moreover, we highlight some ongoing and future works within this collaboration.
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| 9. |
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