| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Cockell, C.S., et al.
(författare)
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Darwin - an experimental astronomy mission to search for extrasolar planets
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experimental Astronomy. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 23:1, s. 435-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a response to ESA call for mission concepts for its Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 plan, we propose a mission called Darwin. Its primary goal is the study of terrestrial extrasolar planets and the search for life on them. In this paper, we describe different characteristics of the instrument.
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| 9. |
- Fridlund, M., et al.
(författare)
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The Search for Worlds Like Our Own
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astrobiology. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1531-1074 .- 1557-8070. ; 10:1, s. 5-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The direct detection of Earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby stars and the characterization of such planets particularly, their evolution, their atmospheres, and their ability to host life-constitute a significant problem. The quest for other worlds as abodes of life has been one of mankind's great questions for several millennia. For instance, as stated by Epicurus similar to 300 BC: "Other worlds, with plants and other living things, some of them similar and some of them different from ours, must exist.'' Demokritos from Abdera (460-370 BC), the man who invented the concept of indivisible small parts-atoms-also held the belief that other worlds exist around the stars and that some of these worlds may be inhabited by life-forms. The idea of the plurality of worlds and of life on them has since been held by scientists like Johannes Kepler and William Herschel, among many others. Here, one must also mention Giordano Bruno. Born in 1548, Bruno studied in France and came into contact with the teachings of Nicolas Copernicus. He wrote the book De l'Infinito, Universo e Mondi in 1584, in which he claimed that the Universe was infinite, that it contained an infinite amount of worlds like Earth, and that these worlds were inhabited by intelligent beings. At the time, this was extremely controversial, and eventually Bruno was arrested by the church and burned at the stake in Rome in 1600, as a heretic, for promoting this and other equally confrontational issues (though it is unclear exactly which idea was the one that ultimately brought him to his end). In all the aforementioned cases, the opinions and results were arrived at through reasoning-not by experiment. We have only recently acquired the technological capability to observe planets orbiting stars other than our Sun; acquisition of this capability has been a remarkable feat of our time. We show in this introduction to the Habitability Primer that mankind is at the dawning of an age when, by way of the scientific method and 21(st)-century technology, we will be able to answer this fascinating controversial issue that has persisted for at least 2500 years.
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| 10. |
- Borge, M. J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Scattering of the halo nucleus 11Li and its core 9Li on 208Pb at energies around the Coulomb barrier
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 381:1, s. Art. no. 012085-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first measurement of the elastic scattering of the halo nucleus 11Li and its core 9Li on 208Pb at energies around the Coulomb barrier is presented. The 11Li reaction showed a large cross section for the breakup channel, even at energies well below the barrier. The analysis of the 11Li + 208Pb scattering data in terms of the continuum-discretized coupled-channel calculations indicates that the effect of the coupling to the breakup channels produces a strong suppression of the elastic cross section at energies above and below the barrier. This effect is mainly due to the strong Coulomb coupling to the dipole states in the low-lying continuum of 11Li.
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| 11. |
- Cubero, M., et al.
(författare)
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Elastic scattering of 9Li on 208Pb at energies around the Coulomb barrier
- 2011
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 9780735409378 ; 1377, s. 338-340
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the dynamical effects of the halo structure of 11Li on the scattering on heavy targets at energies around the Coulomb barrier. This experiment was performed at ISAC‐II at TRIUMF with a world record in production of the post‐accelerated 11Li beam. As part of this study we report here on the first measurement of the elastic cross section of the core nucleus, i.e. 9Li on 208Pb, at energies around the Coulomb barrier. A preliminary optical model analysis has been performed in order to extract a global optical potential to describe the measured angular distributions.
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| 12. |
- Cubero, M., et al.
(författare)
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Scattering of 9Li on 208Pb at energies around the Coulomb barrier
- 2011
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Ingår i: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2101-6275 .- 2100-014X. - 9782759806935 ; 17, s. Art. no. 16002-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to study the dynamics of 11Li and 9Li beams in a strong electric field at energies around the Coulomb barrier, we measured at the ISACII-TRIUMF Facility the angular distribution of elastic and inelastic scattering of 11Li+208Pb at 24.2 and 29.7 MeV and 9Li+208Pb at 24, 29.5 and 33 MeV laboratory energies. We present here the first determination of the angular distribution of the cross section of 9Li+208Pb. The results are compared with theoretical calculations using the double-folding São Paulo Potential (SPP) for the real part and a for the imaginary part a Woods-Saxon potential. A good overall agreement is obtained.
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| 13. |
- Fernandez-Garcia, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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Li-11 structural information from inclusive break-up measurements
- 2015
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Ingår i: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2101-6275 .- 2100-014X. ; 88
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structure information of Li-11 halo nucleus has been obtained from the inclusive break-up measurements of the Li-11+Pb-208 reactions at energies around the Coulomb barrier (E-lab = 24.3 and 29.8 MeV). The effective break-up energy and the slope of B(E1) distribution close to the threshold have been extracted from the experimental data.
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| 14. |
- Fernandez-Garcia, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous analysis of the elastic scattering and breakup channel for the reaction Li-11+Pb-208 at energies near the Coulomb barrier
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 92:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a detailed analysis of the elastic scattering and breakup channel for the reaction of Li-11 on Pb-208 at incident laboratory energies of 24.3 and 29.8 MeV, measured at the radioactive ion beam facility of TRIUMF, in Vancouver, Canada. A large yield of Li-9 fragments was detected by four charged particle telescopes in a wide angular range. The experimental angular and energy distributions of these Li-9 fragments have been compared to coupled-reaction-channel and continuum-discretized coupled-channel calculations. The large production of Li-9 fragments at small angles can be explained by considering a direct breakup mechanism, while at medium-large angles a competition between direct breakup and neutron transfer to the continuum of the Pb-208 target was observed.
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| 15. |
- Fernandez-Garcia, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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Study of the break-up channel in 11Li+208Pb collisions at energies around the Coulomb barrier
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 515:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a study of 11Li+208Pb collisions at energies around the Coulomb barrier (Elab 24.3 and 29.8 MeV), measured at the post-accelerated beam facility, ISAC II, at TRIUMF (Vancouver, Canada). A remarkably large yield of 9Li has been observed, a result that is attributed to the weak binding of the 11Li nucleus. The angular distribution of this 9Li yield, relative to the elastic one, has been analysed in terms of first-order semiclassical calculations as well as four-body and three-body Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels (CDCC) calculations, based on a three-body and di-neutron model of the 11Li nucleus, respectively. The calculations reproduce well the trend of the data and support the existence of a large concentration of B(E1) strength at very low excitation energies. The connection of this large B(E1) with a possible low-lying dipole resonance is discussed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 16. |
- Borge, M. J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Scattering of the halo nucleus Li-11 and its core Li-9 on Pb-208 at energies around the Coulomb barrier
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 381
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first measurement of the elastic scattering of the halo nucleus Li-11 and its core Li-9 on Pb-208 at energies around the Coulomb barrier is presented. The Li-11 reaction showed a large cross section for the breakup channel, even at energies well below the barrier. The analysis of the Li-11 + Pb-208 scattering data in terms of the continuum-discretized coupled-channel calculations indicates that the effect of the coupling to the breakup channels produces a strong suppression of the elastic cross section at energies above and below the barrier. This effect is mainly due to the strong Coulomb coupling to the dipole states in the low-lying continuum of Li-11.
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| 17. |
- Cubero, M., et al.
(författare)
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Do Halo Nuclei Follow Rutherford Elastic Scattering at Energies Below the Barrier? The Case of 11Li
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 109:26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first measurement of the elastic scattering of the halo nucleus 11Li and its core 9Li on 208Pb at energies near the Coulomb barrier is presented. The 11Li+208Pb elastic scattering shows a strong reduction with respect to the Rutherford cross section, even at energies well below the barrier and down to very small scattering angles. This drastic change of the elastic differential cross section observed in 11Li+208Pb is the consequence of the halo structure of 11Li, as it is not observed in the elastic scattering of its core 9Li at the same energies. Four-body continuum-discretized coupled-channels calculations, based on a three-body model of the 11Li projectile, are found to explain the measured angular distributions and confirm that the observed reduction is mainly due to the strong Coulomb coupling to the dipole states in the low-lying continuum of 11Li. These calculations suggest the presence of a low-lying dipole resonance in 11Li close to the breakup threshold.
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| 18. |
- Fernandez-Garcia, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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11Li Breakup on 208Pb at Energies Around the Coulomb Barrier
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 110:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inclusive breakup for the Li-11 + Pb-208 reaction at energies around the Coulomb barrier has been measured for the first time. A sizable yield of Li-9 following the Li-11 dissociation has been observed, even at energies well below the Coulomb barrier. Using the first-order semiclassical perturbation theory of Coulomb excitation it is shown that the breakup probability data measured at small angles can be used to extract effective breakup energy as well as the slope of B(E1) distribution close to the threshold. Four-body continuum-discretized coupled-channels calculations, including both nuclear and Coulomb couplings between the target and projectile to all orders, reproduce the measured inclusive breakup cross sections and support the presence of a dipole resonance in the Li-11 continuum at low excitation energy.
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| 19. |
- Van Doesum, Niels J., et al.
(författare)
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Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one's location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries' better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on providing material benefits.
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| 20. |
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