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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Yang, Seung Won, et al.
(författare)
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Harnessing an RNA-mediated chaperone for the assembly of influenza hemagglutinin in an immunologically relevant conformation
- 2018
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 32:5, s. 2658-2675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel protein-folding function of RNA has been recognized, which can outperform previously known molecular chaperone proteins. The RNA as a molecular chaperone (chaperna) activity is intrinsic to some ribozymes and is operational during viral infections. Our purpose was to test whether influenza hemagglutinin (HA) can be assembled in a soluble, trimeric, and immunologically activating conformation by means of an RNA molecular chaperone (chaperna) activity. An RNA-interacting domain (RID) from the host being immunized was selected as a docking tag for RNA binding, which served as a transducer for the chaperna function for de novo folding and trimeric assembly of RID-HA1. Mutations that affect tRNA binding greatly increased the soluble aggregation defective in trimer assembly, suggesting that RNA interaction critically controls the kinetic network in the folding/assembly pathway. Immunization of mice resulted in strong hemagglutination inhibition and high titers of a neutralizing antibody, providing sterile protection against a lethal challenge and confirming the immunologically relevant HA conformation. The results may be translated into a rapid response to a new influenza pandemic. The harnessing of the novel chaperna described herein with immunologically tailored antigen-folding functions should serve as a robust prophylactic and diagnostic tool for viral infections.
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- Lee, Young Choon, et al.
(författare)
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A Parallel Metaheuristic Framework Based on Harmony Search for Scheduling in Distributed Computing Systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD. - 0129-0541. ; 23:2, s. 445-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large number of optimization problems have been identified as computationally challenging and/or intractable to solve within a reasonable amount of time. Due to the NP-hard nature of these problems, in practice, heuristics account for the majority of existing algorithms. Metaheuristics are one very popular type of heuristics used for many of these optimization problems. In this paper, we present a novel parallel-metaheuristic framework, which effectively enables to devise parallel metaheuristics, particularly with heterogeneous metaheuristics. The core component of the proposed framework is its harmony-search-based coordinator. Harmony search is a recent breed of metaheuristic that mimics the improvisation process of musicians. The coordinator facilitates heterogeneous metaheuristics (forming a parallel metaheuristic) to escape local optima. Specifically, best solutions generated by these worker metaheuristics are maintained in the harmony memory of the coordinator, and they are used to form new-possibly better-harmonies (solutions) before actual solution sharing between workers occurs; hence, their solutions are harmonized with each other. For the applicability validation and the performance evaluation, we have implemented a parallel hybrid metaheuristic using the framework for the task scheduling problem on multiprocessor computing systems (e.g., computer clusters). Experimental results verify that the proposed framework is a compelling approach to parallelize heterogeneous metaheuristics.
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- Zulfugarov, Ismayil S., et al.
(författare)
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Production of superoxide from Photosystem II in a rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant lacking PsbS
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Plant Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2229. ; 14, s. 242-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: PsbS is a 22-kDa Photosystem (PS) II protein involved in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has two PsbS genes, PsbS1 and PsbS2. However, only inactivation of PsbS1, through a knockout (PsbS1-KO) or in RNAi transgenic plants, results in plants deficient in qE, the energy-dependent component of NPQ. Results: In studies presented here, under fluctuating high light, growth of young seedlings lacking PsbS is retarded, and PSII in detached leaves of the mutants is more sensitive to photoinhibitory illumination compared with the wild type. Using both histochemical and fluorescent probes, we determined the levels of reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, in leaves and thylakoids. The PsbS-deficient plants generated more superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in their chloroplasts. PSII complexes isolated from them produced more superoxide compared with the wild type, and PSII-driven superoxide production was higher in the mutants. However, we could not observe such differences either in isolated PSI complexes or through PSI-driven electron transport. Time-course experiments using isolated thylakoids showed that superoxide production was the initial event, and that production of hydrogen peroxide proceeded from that. Conclusion: These results indicate that at least some of the photoprotection provided by PsbS and qE is mediated by preventing production of superoxide released from PSII under conditions of excess excitation energy.
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