| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Otero, Jaime, et al.
(författare)
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Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 20:1, s. 61-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth. Young anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) emigrate from freshwater nursery areas during spring and early summer to feed and grow in the North Atlantic Ocean. The transition from the freshwater ('parr') stage to the migratory stage where they descend streams and enter salt water ('smolt') is characterized by morphological, physiological and behavioural changes where the timing of this parr-smolt transition is cued by photoperiod and water temperature. Environmental conditions in the freshwater habitat control the downstream migration and contribute to within- and among-river variation in migratory timing. Moreover, the timing of the freshwater emigration has likely evolved to meet environmental conditions in the ocean as these affect growth and survival of the post-smolts. Using generalized additive mixed-effects modelling, we analysed spatio-temporal variations in the dates of downstream smolt migration in 67 rivers throughout the North Atlantic during the last five decades and found that migrations were earlier in populations in the east than the west. After accounting for this spatial effect, the initiation of the downstream migration among rivers was positively associated with freshwater temperatures, up to about 10 °C and levelling off at higher values, and with sea-surface temperatures. Earlier migration occurred when river discharge levels were low but increasing. On average, the initiation of the smolt seaward migration has occurred 2.5 days earlier per decade throughout the basin of the North Atlantic. This shift in phenology matches changes in air, river, and ocean temperatures, suggesting that Atlantic salmon emigration is responding to the current global climate changes.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Jonsson, Leif, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Kommunchefers chefskap : ett lokalt präglat chefskap i politisk miljö
- 2002
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att vara kommunchef (eller kommundirektör, kanslichef) kan vara ett ensamt arbete vanligen finns det bara en i varje kommun. Till vem vänder man sig för råd och hjälp? Hur disponerar man sin tid? Vad innehåller egentligen denna specifika chefsposition? I Kommunchefers chefskap har erfarenheter och tankar från kommunchefer i Östergötland, Småland och Södermanland samlats. Under tre år har de tillsammans med forskare samarbetat kring teori och praktik för att utveckla kunskap kring vad kommunchefskapet innebär. I forskarnas analyser av kommunchefernas empiriska erfarenheter blottläggs bland annat påverkan från rådande företagsledarideal, och hur lokala förhållanden och politisk miljö inverkar. Boken kan till exempel användas vid ledarskapsutbildning i politiskt styrda organisationer, vid rekrytering av kommunchefer, eller vid utformning av kommunchefsfunktioner. Den vänder sig till personer som är praktiskt verksamma i kommuner och andra offentliga organisationer, samt till de som är allmänt intresserade av ledningsfrågor i offentliga organisationer
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Roterande kommunchefskap : Idéer bakom en chefskonstruktion
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten behandlas en speciell chefsfunktion, nämligen kommunchefsfunktionen; en ledningsfunktion som fungerar som länk mellan politik och förvaltning i kommuner. Det är en chefsfunktion som rätt så ofta förknippas med bekymmer som har att göra med svårigheter att få politisk och administrativ ledning att fungera tillsammans. I rapporten diskuteras frågor om vilka omständigheter som kan prägla kommunchefsfunktionen. Detta görs med hjälp av ett exempel på hur en sådan funktion har konstruerats i Åtvidabergs kommun, en konstruktion som kallas för roterande kommunchefskap. Med det menas att flera personer verksamma i övergripande chefsfunktioner i kommunen samtidigt utgör en kommunchefsgrupp där personerna roterar på posten som formell kommunchef med intervaller på två månader åt gången. När man inte innehar positionen som formell kommunchef är man biträdande kommunchef med ansvar för vissa delar av kommunchefsfunktionen. Kommunchefsgruppen utgörs av fem personer; tre förvaltningschefer, personalchef samt ekonomichef.I studien av det aktuella fallet visar det sig att det framför allt är idéer om hur chefsfunktionen skall fungera i förhållande till dess uppdragsgivare som har präglat konstruktionen. Idéerna bakom konstruktionen har sitt ursprung i lokala omständigheter, vilket är intressant att notera i tider då organiseringsidéer ofta sprids inom och mellan kontexter. Den aktuella kommunen behövde en kraftfull och samlad ledning för att komma till rätta med en besvärlig ekonomisk situation. Bakom chefskonstruktionsidéerna fanns också upplevda problem kretsande kring en tidigare kommunchefkonstruktion som hade upplevts som ineffektiv.Utifrån det aktuella fallet kan några allmänna lärdomar göras. En första är att den konstruktion som kallas för roterande kommunchefskap har allmängiltiga inslag i sig, vilket gör att den kan vara tillämpbar i andra miljöer. En andra lärdom handlar om att den aktuella chefskonstruktionen är mindre personberoende än som ofta är fallet med enskilt chefskap och det är den på grund av att den är språksatt. En tredje lärdom är att det aktuella fallet pekar på betydelsen av att kommunledande aktörer både lägger vikt vid ledningsorganiseringsfrågor och kan handskas med sådana frågor.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Robert
(författare)
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Organisationstillblivelse och identitet : en studie av ÖstSam
- 2002
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Organisationstillblivelse och identitet - en studie av ÖstSam" är en licentiatavhandling som syftar till att bidra med kunskaper om organisationers tillblivelse i termer av identitet. A v handlingen bygger på en studie av framväxten av organisationen ÖstSam. I tid sträcker sig studien från slutet av 1996 till början av år 2000. Från hösten 1998 har framväxten följts via intervjuer, observationer och dokument.Studien beskriver framväxten av ÖstSam. Vidare tolkas framväxten utifrån identitet som perspektiv. Detta görs genom att vad ÖstSam utvecklats till i termer av identitet presenteras. Hur ÖstSams identitet växt fram beskrivs också. Utifrån fallet ÖstSam och med hjälp av teorier som presenteras, diskuteras hur organisationers tillblivelse kan förstås i termer av identitet. Diskussionen mynnar framförallt ut i att grundarnas intentioner utgör underlag för innehållet i identiteten, vilket har visat sig omtolkas, rekonstrueras, över tiden. Mot bakgrund av detta menar jag att en organisations innehåll och process är förutsättningar för varandra. Båda är viktiga for vad en organisation utvecklas till. Studien visar också att kontexten påverkat utvecklaodet av vilka man är. Verksamhetens art, organisationens geografiska läge samt tid i form av historiskt arv och aktöremas tankar om framtiden för organisationen har varit av betydelse för vad ÖstSam utvecklats till i termer av identitet.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Adloff, C, et al.
(författare)
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Energy flow and rapidity gaps between jets in photoproduction at HERA
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 24:4, s. 517-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dijet events in photon-proton collisions in which there is a large pseudorapidity separation, Deltaeta > 2.5 between the two highest E-T jets are studied with the H1 detector at HERA. The inclusive dijet cross sections are measured as functions of the longitudinal momentum fractions of the proton and photon which participate in the production of the jets, x(p)(jets) and x(gamma)(jets) respectively, Deltaeta, the pseudorapidity P separation between the two highest E-T jets, and E-T(gap), the total summed transverse energy between the jets. Rapidity gap events are defined as events in which E-T(gap) is less than E-T(cut), for E-T(cut) varied between jets 0.5 and 2.0 GeV. The fraction of dijet events with a rapidity gap is measured differentially in Deltaeta, x(p)(jets) and x(gamma)(jets). An excess of events with rapidity gaps at low values of E-T(cut) is observed above the expectation from standard photoproduction processes. This excess can be explained by the exchange of a strongly interacting colour singlet object between the jets.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ahlqvist, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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A link between GIP and osteopontin in adipose tissue and insulin resistance.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 62:6, s. 2088-2094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low grade inflammation in obesity is associated with accumulation of the macrophagederived cytokine osteopontin in adipose tissue and induction of local as well as systemic insulin resistance. Since GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) is a strong stimulator of adipogenesis and may play a role in the development of obesity, we explored whether GIP directly would stimulate osteopontin (OPN) expression in adipose tissue and thereby induce insulin resistance. GIP stimulated OPN protein expression in a dose-dependent fashion in rat primary adipocytes. The level of OPN mRNA was higher in adipose tissue of obese individuals (0.13±}0.04 vs 0.04±}0.01, P<0.05) and correlated inversely with measures of insulin sensitivity (r=-0.24, P=0.001). A common variant of the GIP receptor (GIPR) (rs10423928) gene was associated with lower amount of the exon 9 containing isoform required for transmembrane activity. Carriers of the A-allele with a reduced receptor function showed lower adipose tissue OPN mRNA levels and better insulin sensitivity. Together, these data suggest a role for GIP not only as an incretin hormone, but also as a trigger of inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue. Carriers of GIPR rs10423928 A-allele showed protective properties via reduced GIP effects. Identification of this unprecedented link between GIP and OPN in adipose tissue might open new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Akerstrom, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Association between catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and mortality or stroke
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 110, s. 163-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation effectively reduces symptomatic burden. However, its long-term effect on mortality and stroke is unclear. We investigated if patients with atrial fibrillation who undergo catheter ablation have lower risk for all-cause mortality or stroke than patients who are managed medically. Methods We retrospectively included 5628 consecutive patients who underwent first-time catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation between 2008 and 2018 at three major Swedish electrophysiology units. Control individuals with an atrial fibrillation diagnosis but without previous stroke were selected from the Swedish National Patient Register, resulting in a control group of 48 676 patients. Propensity score matching was performed to produce two cohorts of equal size (n=3955) with similar baseline characteristics. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality or stroke. Results Patients who underwent catheter ablation were healthier (mean CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score 1.4 +/- 1.4 vs 1.6 +/- 1.5, p<0.001), had a higher median income (288 vs 212 1000 Swedish krona [KSEK]/year, p<0.001) and had more frequently received university education (45.1% vs 28.9%, p<0.001). Mean follow-up was 4.5 +/- 2.8 years. After propensity score matching, catheter ablation was associated with lower risk for the combined primary endpoint (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.69). The result was mainly driven by a decrease in all-cause mortality (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.63), with stroke reduction showing a trend in favour of catheter ablation (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.07). Conclusions Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation was associated with a reduction in the primary endpoint of all-cause mortality or stroke. This result was driven by a marked reduction in all-cause mortality.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Small x phenomenology: summary and status
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 25:1, s. 77-101
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to summarize the general status of our understanding of small-x physics. It is based on presentations and discussions at an informal meeting OIL this topic held in Lund, Sweden, in March 2001. This document also marks the founding of an informal collaboration between experimentalists and theoreticians with a special interest in small-x physics. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Bo Andersson. who died unexpectedly from a heart attack on March 4th, 2002.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Greger, et al.
(författare)
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Stad och landsbygd
- 1994
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Ingår i: Musiken i Sverige.1. - 9170547009 - 9185428825 ; , s. 359-395
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Greger, et al.
(författare)
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Städerna som musikmiljöer
- 1992
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Ingår i: Musiken i Sverige.2. - 9170547017 - 9185428787 ; , s. 143-168
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av användningen av arbetstidsmodellen 3-3 på akutmottagningen och LAH
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten innehåller resultat från en utvärdering som har gjorts av användningen avarbetstidsmodellen 3-3 vid akutmottagningen och LAH inom Närsjukvården i centrala Östergötland.Utvärderingen har gjorts på uppdrag av Landstinget i Östergötland.Utvärderingen har inte skett inom ramen för något särskilt forskningsmässigt sammanhangoch präglas därför inte av några medvetet valda teoretiska perspektiv. Rapporten torde dockkunna användas som underlag för forskningsmässiga ambitioner. För sådana ändamål avslutasrapporten med några forskningsmässiga reflektioner.Utvärderingen visar att positiva effekter har uppnåtts med hjälp av 3-3-systemet. Det sätt attförlägga arbetstid som systemet innebär har inneburit goda möjligheter för personalen attåterhämta sig både fysiskt och mentalt. Med hjälp av återhämtningsmöjligheterna har personalenhälsa förbättrats liksom trivsel och motivation. Både långtids- och korttidssjukfrånvarohar minskat. Arbetsglädjen har tilltagit. Dessa effekter är högst påtagliga. De har i sin turmedfört ett ökat intresse för lärande vilket har kommit verksamhet och patienter till goda. Denmer utvilade personalen har också inneburit ett bättre omhändertagande och bemötande avpatienter.Användningen av arbetstidsmodellen 3-3 har medfört ökade lönekostnader, dock i en lägreomfattning än den arbetstidsförkortning som systemet innebär för enskilda arbetstagare. Gjordaberäkningar visar att lönekostnadsökningen kan kompenseras av minskade kostnader försjukfrånvaro och övertid.Vid utvärderingen har det framkommit att 3-3-system tycks passa för verksamheter som pågårdygnet runt veckans alla dagar och som ställer krav på fysisk och mental återhämtning. För attkunna uppnå positiva effekter med denna arbetstidsmodell måste personalen vilja förlägga sinarbetstid på det sätt som modellen innebär.Utvärderingen har också pekat på vikten att uppmärksamma och arbeta med frågor om arbetstidsförläggningi stort och inte bara i samband med användning av arbetstidsmodeller av dettaslag. Frågor av detta slag behöver också uppmärksammas i förhållande till verksamhetsmässigaaspekter. Inom arbetstidsområdet tycks det finnas möjligheter till att utveckla tänkande ochhandlande med vars hjälp effektiviseringar torde kunna göras.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Arnell, Sven-Inge, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Att lämna chefsjobb : Vad kan hända?
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att lämna chefsjobb är ett resultat av ett forskningsarbete ingående i projektet Chefersrörlighet i organisationer inom Helix. Helix är ett VINN Excellence Center vid Linköpings universitet med den centrala uppgiften att skapa en arena för forskning och innovation där forskare från olika discipliner kan samverka med företag och organisationer för att utveckla nya kunskaper och metoder om rörlighetens betydelse för lärande, hälsa och innovationer. Arbetet bakom den här rapporten startade hösten 2008 som en del av projektet chefers rörlighet som startade hösten 2006. Följande parter inom Helix har deltagit i projektet: Finspångs kommun, Industrikompetens, Linköpings kommun, Mjölby kommun,Norrköpings kommun, Siemens, Toyota BT Products AB och Unionen på Saab. I projektet har vi arbetat med en interaktiv forskningsansats vilket förenklat betyder att medverkande forskare och deltagare från parterna tillsammans har skapat ny kunskap. Deltagarna från parterna har varit: Gunnar Mångsbro, Anders Granberg, Eva Pettersson, Peter Jonsson, Katarina Nyhammar, Kerstin Arwenhed, Eva Kullbjer, Jan Kovacs, UlricaNorman, Stig Karlsson, Mia Kling, Anna Skogens och Maria Söderberg. Vi från projektet vill framföra ett stort tack till alla personer som har ställt upp på intervjuer. Utan er medverkan hade vi inte kunnat genomföra projektet. Tack så mycket!
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| 21. |
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Astrid Lindgrens världar i Vimmerby : En studie om kulturarv och samhällsutveckling
- 2010. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad kan hända i ett samhälle där det finns en blomstrande upplevelseindustri kopplad till ett kulturarv? Det är den fråga som författarna till Astrid Lindgrens världar i Vimmerby belyser ur en rad perspektiv. Vimmerby är fokus för deras fallstudie och de skildrar utvecklingen av lokalsamhället och den framväxande besöksnäringen kring Astrid Lindgren och hennes författarskap.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Berglund, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Smartphone Dispatch of Volunteer Responders on Automated External Defibrillators and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests : The SAMBA Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: JAMA cardiology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2380-6583 .- 2380-6591. ; 8:1, s. 81-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to nearby out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) has emerged in several emergency medical services, but no randomized clinical trials have evaluated the effect on bystander use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs).Objective To evaluate if bystander AED use could be increased by smartphone-aided dispatch of lay volunteer responders with instructions to collect nearby AEDs compared with instructions to go directly to patients with OHCAs to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial assessed a system for smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to individuals experiencing OHCAs that was triggered at emergency dispatch centers in response to suspected OHCAs and randomized 1:1. The study was conducted in 2 main Swedish regions: Stockholm and Västra Götaland between December 2018 and January 2020. At study start, there were 3123 AEDs in Stockholm and 3195 in Västra Götaland and 24 493 volunteer responders in Stockholm and 19 117 in Västra Götaland. All OHCAs in which the volunteer responder system was activated by dispatchers were included. Excluded were patients with no OHCAs, those with OHCAs not treated by the emergency medical services, and those with OHCAs witnessed by the emergency medical services.Interventions Volunteer responders were alerted through the volunteer responder system smartphone application and received map-aided instructions to retrieve nearest available public AEDs on their way to the OHCAs. The control arm included volunteer responders who were instructed to go directly to the OHCAs to perform CPR.Main Outcomes and Measures Overall bystander AED attachment, including those attached by volunteer responders and lay volunteers who did not use the smartphone application.Results Volunteer responders were activated for 947 patients with OHCAs. Of those, 461 were randomized to the intervention group (median [IQR] age of patients, 73 [61-81] years; 295 male patients [65.3%]) and 486 were randomized to the control group (median [IQR] age of patients, 73 [63-82] years; 312 male patients [65.3%]). Primary outcome of AED attachment occurred in 61 patients (13.2%) in the intervention arm vs 46 patients (9.5%) in the control arm (difference, 3.8% [95% CI, −0.3% to 7.9%]; P = .08). The majority of AEDs were attached by lay volunteers who were not using the smartphone application (37 in intervention arm, 28 in control). There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes. Among the volunteer responders using the application, crossover was 11% and compliance to instructions was 31%. Volunteer responders attached 38% (41 of 107) of all AEDs and provided 45% (16 of 36) of all defibrillations and 43% (293 of 666) of all CPR.Conclusions and Relevance In this study, smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to OHCAs to retrieve nearby AEDs vs instructions to directly perform CPR did not significantly increase volunteer AED use. High baseline AED attachement rate and crossover may explain why the difference was not significant.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02992873
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| 25. |
- Berglund, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
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Wellbeing, emotional response and stress among lay responders dispatched to suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrests
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 170, s. 352-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Systems for smartphone dispatch of lay responders to perform cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and bring automated external defibrillators to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) are advocated by recent international guidelines and emerging worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the emotional responses, posttraumatic stress reactions and levels of wellbeing among smartphone-alerted lay responders dispatched to suspected OHCAs. Methods: Lay responders were stratified by level of exposure: unexposed (Exp-0), tried to reach (Exp-1), and reached the suspected OHCA (Exp-2). Participants rated their emotional responses online, at 90 minutes and at 4–6 weeks after an incident. Level of emotional response was measured in two dimensions of core affect: “alertness” – from deactivation to activation, and “pleasantness” – from unpleasant to pleasant. At 4–6 weeks, WHO wellbeing index and level of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) were also rated. Results: Altogether, 915 (28%) unexposed and 1471 (64%) exposed responders completed the survey. Alertness was elevated in the exposed groups: Exp-0: 6.7 vs. Exp-1: 7.3 and Exp-2: 7.5, (p < 0.001) and pleasantness was highest in the unexposed group: 6.5, vs. Exp-1: 6.3, and Exp-2: 6.1, (p < 0.001). Mean scores for PTSD at follow-up was below clinical cut-off, Exp-0: 9.9, Exp-1: 8.9 and Exp-2: 8.8 (p = 0.065). Wellbeing index showed no differences, Exp-0: 78.0, Exp-1: 78.5 and Exp-2: 79.9 (p = 0.596). Conclusion: Smartphone dispatched lay responders rated the experience as high-energy and mainly positive. No harm to the lay responders was seen. The exposed groups had low posttraumatic stress scores and high-level general wellbeing at follow-up. © 2021
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| 26. |
- Berglund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Stimulates Osteopontin Expression in the Vasculature via Endothelin-1 and CREB.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 65:1, s. 239-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone with extrapancreatic effects beyond glycemic control. Here we demonstrate unexpected effects of GIP signaling in the vasculature. GIP induces the expression of the pro-atherogenic cytokine osteopontin (OPN) in mouse arteries, via local release of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Infusion of GIP increases plasma OPN levels in healthy individuals. Plasma ET-1 and OPN levels are positively correlated in patients with critical limb ischemia. Fasting GIP levels are higher in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke) when compared to controls. GIP receptor (GIPR) and OPN mRNA levels are higher in carotid endarterectomies from patients with symptoms (stroke, transient ischemic attacks, amaurosis fugax) than in asymptomatic patients; and expression associates to parameters characteristic of unstable and inflammatory plaques (increased lipid accumulation, macrophage infiltration and reduced smooth muscle cell content). While GIPR expression is predominantly endothelial in healthy arteries from human, mouse, rat and pig; remarkable up-regulation is observed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells upon culture conditions yielding a "vascular disease-like" phenotype. Moreover, a common variant rs10423928 in the GIPR gene associated with increased risk of stroke in type 2 diabetes patients.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Bergström, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi isolated from Ixodes ricinus in northern Sweden.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 24:2, s. 181-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ixodes ricinus ticks, harbouring Borrelia burgdorferi, were found in an area in northern Sweden, not thought to be endemic for Lyme borreliosis. This investigation took place at Norrbyskär, an island situated in the Bothnian Gulf, 63 degrees 33'N/19 degrees 52'E. One of 42 nymphal and 8/43 adult I. ricinus ticks collected carried spirochetes as seen by phase contrast microscopy. Pure bacterial cultures were obtained from 2 of the ticks. Western blot analysis using species-specific monoclonal antibodies showed that the isolated spirochetes were B. burgdorferi. The identity of the isolated spirochetes was confirmed by DNA amplification using B. burgdorferi OspA and flagellin gene specific oligonucleotides as well as partial DNA sequencing of the respective OspA and flagellin genes. The 2 isolated spirochaete populations were different as shown by their protein profiles in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels. Moreover, the demonstration of Lyme borreliosis in a patient from the island of Norrbyskär indicates the need for clinical consideration of this disease in northern Sweden.
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| 29. |
- Björk, Robert G., 1974, et al.
(författare)
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A Climate Change aspect on root dynamics and nitrogen partitioning in a tundra landscape
- 2005
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Ingår i: Sediment budgets and rates of sediment transfer across cold environments in Europe. 3rd Workshop of the ESF Network SEDIFLUX, Durham, UK, 15 – 19 December 2005..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) recently reported that Arctic is rapidly changing due to Climate Change. Likewise, the mountains of Europe are going to experience large shifts in plant composition and 41-56% of the alpine species might be on the edge of extinction according to the 1st synthesis of the Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA). Although the tundra ecosystems are subjected to dramatical changes as a result of Climate Change, there is little knowledge of the effect on root dynamics and its implication on the nitrifying and denitrifying microbial community. Here, we compare nitrification enzyme activity (NEA) and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) rates along an altitudinal gradient with the effects of climatic warming using Open Top Chambers (OTCs) in consideration with root dynamics and architecture. This study was conducted at Latnjajaure Field Station (LFS) located in the midalpine region in northern Sweden. LFS is the Swedish field site for the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), established in 1993. This gives an opportunity to investigate long-term effects of climatic warming by OTCs and an altitudinal gradient (1000m to 1365m), both within a very small geographical range. The OTCs used at LFS increases the soil surface temperature by approximately 1.5ºC whereas air temperatures normally falls with 0.6ºC with every hundred meter of increased altitude. To analyse the NEA and DEA we used an anaerobic incubation technique, based on acetylene inhibition technique, resulting in N2O as the only end product, which then were analysed by gas chromatography. Soil cores were additionally sampled in the OTCs to study the effects of climatic warming on the root system. The specific root length, root length density and root biomass were determined for the different root fractions. The results from NEA and DEA contradict each other. The gradient study show decreased NEA and DEA rates with falling altitude, whereas the warming experiment show a slight non significant increase due to the temperature enhancement by OTCs. The preliminary results from the root sampling indicate that there is a plant community specific response in root architecture, which has an output on root biomass and particularly in the fraction of fine roots, although, climatic warming did not have any significant affect on the root biomass. The fact that altitudinal temperature decline did not reduce NEA and DEA rates might in part be explained of the variables measured here, although they are not conclusive.
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| 30. |
- Björk, Robert G., 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term warming effects on root morphology, root mass distribution, and microbial activity in two dry tundra plant communities in northern Sweden
- 2007
-
Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 176:4, s. 862-873
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- center dot Effects of warming on root morphology, root mass distribution and microbial activity were studied in organic and mineral soil layers in two alpine ecosystems over > 10 yr, using open-top chambers, in Swedish Lapland. center dot Root mass was estimated using soil cores. Washed roots were scanned and sorted into four diameter classes, for which variables including root mass (g dry matter (g DM) m(-2)), root length density (RLD; cm cm(-3) soil), specific root length (SRL; m g DM-1), specific root area (SRA; m(2) kg DM-1), and number of root tips m(-2) were determined. Nitrification (NEA) and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) in the top 10 cm of soil were measured. center dot Soil warming shifted the rooting zone towards the upper soil organic layer in both plant communities. In the dry heath, warming increased SRL and SRA of the finest roots in both soil layers, whereas the dry meadow was unaffected. Neither NEA nor DEA exhibited differences attributable to warming. center dot Tundra plants may respond to climate change by altering their root morphology and mass while microbial activity may be unaffected. This suggests that carbon may be incorporated in tundra soils partly as a result of increases in the mass of the finer roots if temperatures rise.
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| 31. |
- Björk, Robert G., 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Nitrification and Denitrification Enzyme Activity: a successful tool in Arctic and Alpine soil ecology
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The 14th ITEX workshop, Falls Creek, Victoria, Australia, 2–6 February 2007..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nitrogen is consideration to be a limiting factor for plants and microbes in arctic and alpine ecosystems and the rates of mineralization, nitrification, and denitrifi¬cation are known to be generally low. However, Climate Change is expected to alter the nitrogen availability and dynamics and, as a consequence, affect plant community composition and production. The general consensus today is that increased temperature will lead to greater microbial activity and more plant-available nitrogen. Nevertheless, nitrification and denitrification are restricted by a number of environmental factors such as low tem¬perature and low pH. The C/N ratio and the water content of the soils also play an important role in determining the rates of nitrification and denitrification. Since 2002 microbial studies has been undertaken at Latnjajure, and comprise several microbial techniques, e.g. Nitrification Enzyme Activity (NEA), Denitrification Enzyme Activity (DEA), Phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PFLA), and Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE). These studies focuses on the interaction between plants and microbes along natural environmental gradients, both within plant communities and within the landscape, but also entails the OTCs used in the ITEX studies at Latnjajaure. Here we present the techniques NEA and DEA and give some brief results from how these have been successfully applied at Latnjajaure. In ecosystems with low nitrification activity, small amounts of NO3-/NO2- will be formed and it is thus difficult to measure low fluxes. However, NO3-/NO2- can be converted to N2O and then analysed by gas chromatography, whereby the detection limit is increased at least 1000 times compared to the spectroscopical technique. These techniques are referred to Nitrification (NEA) and Denitrification Enzyme Activity (DEA) and give a potential measure on the nitrification and denitrification rates, which goes back to the actual populations of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the soil. For instance, NEA has been proved to better correlate with extractable NH4+ concentration than net nitrification does, and still after twelve weeks show a strong correlation with the initial extractable NH4+ concentration. Therefore, these variables, in particular NEA, have the advantage of being a much more stable variable than, for instance, extractable N concentrations and net nitrification, and NEA and DEA are therefore suitable when working in fringe environments with restricted logistics like the Latnjajaure catchment. NEA is measured using a two-step incubation technique; first by incubate the soil with a nutrient solution for 24 hours in darkness, at room temperature on a rotary shaker. Sub-samples are then withdrawn after a specified time schedule. The second step allows NO3- to be reduced to N2O by adding a modified denitrifying bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis ATCC 43928, together with a carbon source. This strain of bacteria lacks the enzyme to reduce N2O to N2. The samples are then again incubated in darkness, at room temperature for 24 hours, and analysed by gas chromatography. This method was first used by Lensi et al. (1985, 1986), to study nitrification potentials in forest soils. Furthermore, the method has been developed for soils with low pH and small amounts of NO3- and the analysis makes the quantification without interference of organic matter, which makes it suitable for arctic and alpine ecosystems. To analyse DEA an anaerobic incubation technique is used, based on acetylene inhibition of the N2O-reductase resulting in N2O as the only end product. The soil sample is evacuated and flushed with N2. Thereafter acetylene is inserted to a final acetylene concentration of 10%, and the samples are shaken continuously and gas samples are withdrawn after a specified time schedule, which is then analysed by gas chromatography. This provides an estimate of the maximum concentration of functional denitrifying enzymes in the soil. Denitrifiers, in contrast to nitrifiers, are heterotrophs and can switch from using NO3- as an alternative electron acceptor to O2 under aerobic conditions. This makes other factors in the soil important determinants of DEA, e.g. availability of oxygen and C. Hence, the presence of denitrifiers is rarely a limitation for denitrification and they usually make up a reasonably large fraction of the soil bacteria. At Latnjajaure NEA shows a larger differentiation across plant communities than DEA. However, the spatial variability in the landscape, at the meso-scale, was in the same range in both variables and increased with altitude from 1000 to 1365 m a.s.l, particularly in heath plant communities. This result suggests that the decrease in mean annual temperature with altitude (0.6ºC with every one hundred meters) did not reduce nitrification and denitrification rates, as one might have expected. None of the other variable studied could explain the altitudinal increase in all cases, and the factors controlling the nitrification and denitrification rates seem to vary with the vegetation type. Furthermore, neither NEA nor DEA exhibited any changes between the ambient and warmed plots in the warming experiments. However, the warming experiment in the dry heath exhibited a change in root morphology via increased specific root length (SRL; m gDM-1) and specific root area (SRA; m2 kgDM -1). As both heterotrophic microbes and plants out-compete nitrifiers for NH4+, a change in root morphology, as seen in the warming experiment, may also explain the increased activity of nitrifying and denitrifying microbes with altitude.
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| 32. |
- Björklund, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment with lignin residue - A novel method for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysates
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - 1559-0291. ; 98, s. 563-575
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose to hydrolysates intended for production of fuel ethanol results in the formation of byproducts in addition to fermentable sugars. Some of the byproducts, such as phenolic compounds and furan aldehydes, are inhibitory to the fermenting microorganism. Detoxification of the hydrolysates may be necessary for production of ethanol at a satisfactory rate and yield. The lignin residue obtained after hydrolysis is a material with hydrophobic properties that is produced in large amounts as a byproduct within an ethanol production process based on lignocellulosic raw materials. We have explored the possibility of using this lignin residue for detoxification of spruce dilute-acid hydrolysates prior to fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three dilute-acid hydrolysates of spruce were treated with lignin residue, which in all cases resulted in improved fermentability in terms of productivity and yield of ethanol. The effect was improved by washing the lignin before treatment, by using larger amounts of lignin in the treatment, and by performing the treatment at low temperature. Treatment with the lignin residue removed up to 53% of the phenolic compounds and up to 68% of the furan aldehydes in a spruce dilute-acid hydrolysate. A larger fraction of furfural was removed compared to the less hydrophobic 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
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| 33. |
- Blomgren, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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How Strong is the Strong Interaction?
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the InternationalWorkshop on Nuclear Data for the Transmutation of Nuclear Waste. - 3000122761
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 34. |
- Boethius, Adam, et al.
(författare)
-
Huseby Klev and the Quest for Pioneer Subsistence Strategies : Diversification of a Maritime Lifestyle
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The Ecology of Early Settlement in Northern Europe : Conditions for Subsistence and Survival - Conditions for Subsistence and Survival. - 9781781795156 - 9781781796030 ; 1, s. 99-128
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bone material from three archaeological occupation phases at Huseby Klev provides the best source of evidence currently available about the subsistence strategies of pioneer settlers in Northern Europe. The results from Huseby Klev indicate that the pioneer settlers initially relied heavily on marine mammals for their sustenance. This subsistence strategy changed during the second and third occupation phases of the site, during which fishing became the most important part of the diet. These changes in subsistence strategy are interpreted as arising from different factors. A highly nutritious ocean on the west coast of Scandinavia at the end of the last ice age resulted in large numbers of available marine mammals in the ocean, which supported a large human population able to base its economy on them. As the ocean became less nutritious withthe cessation of freshwater mixing, the marine mammals suffered a natural population decline, while humans still relied upon them heavily, resulting in a marine-mammal collapse. This forced the human populations to change their subsistence strategy, and fish became dominant in the diet. The bone material from Huseby Klev implies a good knowledge of fishing methods and seafaring, in addition to which it highlights the ocean as the main source of sustenance during the time from the Preboreal–Boreal transition to the mid Atlantic chronozone. The hunting of terrestrial mammals, also found on the site, is interpreted as mainly being undertaken to supply raw material. Finds of reindeer imply the presence of reindeer in Mesolithic western Scandinavia, but they were not prioritized in the diet, possibly only being exploited during yearly migrations. Birds are common in the bone material, and a large number of bird species with a low number of identified fragments from each species implies opportunistic hunting of all but auks, which were hunted in large numbers. The bone material from Huseby Klev is the oldest and best-preserved Atlantic coastal material in Europe, and the results indicate an advanced knowledge of utilizing aquatic resources and suggest a boom in aquatic reliance that is earlier and more widespread than previously known.
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| 35. |
- Boethius, Adam, et al.
(författare)
-
The Use of Aquatic Resources by Early Mesolithic Foragers in Southern Scandinavia
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The Ecology of Early Settlement in Northern Europe : Conditions for Subsistence and Survival - Conditions for Subsistence and Survival. - 9781781795156 - 9781781796030 ; 1, s. 311-334
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A long tradition in research on prehistoric southern Scandinavia recognizes full use of aquatic resources in the Late Mesolithic Ertebølle Culture (5500–4000 cal BC): coastal sites are frequently found containing well-preserved fish bones, and isotope values from human collagen indicate a high dietary intake of marine resources. However, recent finds and new methodologies suggest that the view of a terrestrially focused diet in the Early Mesolithic period (9500–6800 cal BC) can be reinterpreted, and the use of freshwater resources is found to be more important than previously known. Aquatic resources can therefore be seen to be a major source of sustenance for foraging societies in Scandinavia much earlier than has been realized previously. At Norje Sunnansund, an Early Mesolithic site located in Blekinge, south-eastern Sweden, large amounts of fish bones have been found, and these have been used to estimate the amount of fish beingcaught at the site, by analyzing different rates of taphonomic loss. The results from the excavated part of the settlement suggest that at least 48 tonnes of fish were caught. The large amount of caught fish and the evidence of the means of preparing and storing them provides the earliest example of a large-scale fishing society, and the knowledge required to catch and prepare this volume of fish has further implications at a more structural societal level. A structured society is a prerequisite for the development of sedentism and enables large groups of people to gather during an extended time period. Conservative dietary estimates from the recovered fish bone material suggest that enough fish was caught to sustain 100 adults living solely on fish for over three years.
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| 36. |
- Bolling, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Chefers rörlighet i organisationer
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Med chefers rörlighet i organisationer menas hur personer rör sig in i, mellan och ut ur chefsbefattningar. Sådan rörlighet kan ibland uppfattas som problematisk. Det kan vara ett problem om det är för stor rörlighet och att detta uppfattas som utslag för bekymmer i organisationen ifråga. Det kan också vara ett problem på så sätt att det kan vara svårt att hitta ersättare och att det kan skapa oro bland anställda. Det går också åt energi att rekrytera nyapersoner till chefsjobb.Det kan också uppfattas som ett problem på motsatt sätt, dvs. att det anses vara för lite rörlighet bland personer på chefsbefattningar, vilket antas medföra att verksamhet och andra förhållanden inte utvecklas tillräckligt.Chefers rörlighet i organisationer kan vidare vara problematiskt på så sätt att man och kanske framför allt personer som arbetar med personalfrågor inte alla gånger vet hur man skall handskas med frågor om sådan rörlighet, såsom hur man får till stånd rörlighet bland personer som har chefsuppdrag eller hur man skall handskas med situationer där personer lämnar chefsuppdrag.
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| 37. |
- Borg, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
The More the Merrier: Leveraging on the Bug Inflow to Guide Software Maintenance
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Tiny Transactions on Computer Science. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Issue management, a central part of software maintenance, requires much effort for complex software systems. The continuous inflow of issue reports makes it hard for developers to stay on top of the situation, and the threatening information overload makes activities such as duplicate management, Issue Assignment (IA), and Change Impact Analysis (CIA) tedious and error-prone. Still, most practitioners work with tools that act as little more than issue containers. Machine Learning encompasses approaches that identify patterns or make predictions based on empirical data. While humans have limited ability to work with big data, ML instead tends to improve the more training data that is available. Consequently, we argue that the challenge of information overload in issue management appears to be particularly suitable for ML-based tool support. While others have initially explored the area, we develop two ML-based tools, and evaluate them in proprietary software engineering contexts. We replicated [1] for five projects in two companies, and our automated IA obtains an accuracy matching the current manual processes. Thus, as our solution delivers instantaneous IA, an organization can potentially save considerable analysis effort. Moreover, for the most comprehensive of the five projects, we implemented automated CIA in the tool ImpRec [3]. We evaluated the tool in a longitudinal in situ study, i.e., deployment in two development teams in industry. Based on log analysis and complementary interviews using the QUPER model [2] for utility assessment, we conclude that ImpRec offered helpful support in the CIA task.
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| 38. |
- Boström, Elisabeth Almer, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Resistin and insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling in rheumatoid arthritis.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Arthritis and rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 63:10, s. 2894-904
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human resistin has proinflammatory properties that activate NF-κB-dependent pathways, whereas its murine counterpart is associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to examine potential cross-talk between resistin and insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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| 39. |
- Brorström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
En referensram för studier av kommuner i förändring
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De fem universitetsanknutna kommunforskningsinstituten har tillsammans utvecklat ett forskningsprogram för studier av framgångsrik förändring och hantering av förändrade ekonomiska förutsättningar och besvärliga situationer. En rapportserie har etablerats för publicering av genomförda studier och framkomna resultat. Rapport 1 i denna serie beskriver forskningsprogrammets innehåll, design och förväntade resultat. Fyra syften med programmet redovisas. Dessa är: • Programmet ska tillhandahålla möjligheter för erfarenhetsutbyte och kunskapsutveckling i kontinuerlig samverkan mellan medverkande kommuner och forskningsinstitut. • Kunskaper ska genereras för framtida bruk. Det handlar om kunskaper som ökar kapaciteten att hantera besvärliga situationer. • Kunskaper ska utvinnas och teori utvecklas om kommuners agerande vid förändrade förutsättningar och i besvärliga situationer. • Vunna kunskaper och empiriska illustrationer ska få genomslag i utbildningar inom de områden och ämnen som studeras i forskningsprogrammet. Ett stort antal empiriska studier har påbörjats och många är under planering. Som en bas för genomförandet av dessa studier, formulering av frågor och tolkning av iakttagelser har tidigare forskning inom för programmet relevanta områden studerats. Viktiga iakttagelser och framkomna resultat i dessa tidigare studier sammanfattas och redovisas i föreliggande rapport som är nummer två i rapportserien. Rapporten är en referensram för studier av förändring och hantering av förändrade ekonomiska förutsättningar och besvärliga situationer. Rapporten kan läsas på flera olika sätt. Det går att djupdyka i ett enskilt kapitel som förefaller vara extra intressant. Det går också att läsa rapporten i sin helhet, från första till sista sidan. Målgruppen är politiker och tjänstemän i kommuner och landsting och forskare och studenter inom ett flertal samhällsvetenskapliga discipliner. Ett stort antal forskare har lämnat bidrag till rapporten. Den har sammanställts av ledamöterna i programmets styrgrupp förstärkta av Viveka Nilsson.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Brusman, Mats, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Kommunledningsrum : om rummets betydelse för ledningsarbetet i kommuner
- 2014
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok vill sätta sökarljuset på rumsliga förtsättningar och på vad byggnader och lokaler, deras utformning och historia, kan betyda för kommunledningens praktik. För detta ändamål har vi besökt fjorton kommuner i östra Götaland och där samtalat med kommunledande personer kring rummets betydelse: Finspång, Motala, Linköping, Söderköping, Valdemarsvik, Åtvidaberg, Norrköping, Mjölby, Boxholm, Ödeshög, Vadstena, Ydre, Kinda samt Vimmerby.
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| 42. |
- Carlos, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Adaptation of a recombinant xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to a sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate with high content of fermentation inhibitors
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2976 .- 0960-8524. ; 98:9, s. 1767-1773
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptation of a xylose-utilizing genetically engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates by cultivation during 353 h using medium with increasing concentrations of inhibitors, including phenolic compounds, furaldehydes and aliphatic acids, led to improved performance with respect to ethanol production. The remaining xylose concentration in the medium at the end of the cultivation was 5.2 g l(-1), while it was 11 g l(-1) in the feed, indicating that approximately half of the xylose was consumed. The performance of the adapted strain was compared with the parental strain with respect to its ability to ferment three bagasse hydrolysates with different inhibitor concentration. The ethanol yield after 24 h of fermentation of the bagasse hydrolysate with lowest inhibitor concentration increased from 0.18 g g(-1) of total sugar with the non-adapted strain to 0.38 g g(-1) with the adapted strain. The specific ethanol productivity increased from 1.15 g ethanol per g initial biomass per h with the non-adapted strain to 2.55 g g(-1) h(-1) with the adapted strain. The adapted strain performed better than the non-adapted also in the two bagasse hydrolysates containing higher concentrations of inhibitors. The adapted strain converted the inhibitory furaldehydes 2-furaldehyde (furfural) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) at a faster rate than the non-adapted strain. The xylose-utilizing ability of the yeast strain did not seem to be affected by the adaptation and the results suggest that ethanol rather than xylitol was formed from the consumed xylose. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 43. |
- Carlsson, Daniel O
(författare)
-
Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Functionalized Nanocellulose Materials and Their Biocompatibility
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nanocellulose has received considerable interest during the last decade because it is renewable and biodegradable, and has excellent mechanical properties, nanoscale dimensions and wide functionalization possibilities. It is considered to be a unique and versatile platform on which new functional materials can be based.This thesis focuses on nanocellulose from wood (NFC) and from Cladophora algae (CNC), functionalized with surface charges or coated with the conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy), aiming to study the influence of synthesis processes on structural and electrochemical properties of such materials and assess their biocompatibility.The most important results of the work demonstrated that 1) CNC was oxidized to the same extent using electrochemical TEMPO-mediated oxidation as with conventional TEMPO processes, which may facilitate easier reuse of the reaction medium; 2) NFC and CNC films with or without surface charges were non-cytotoxic as assessed by indirect in vitro testing. Anionic TEMPO-CNC films promoted fibroblast adhesion and proliferation in direct in vitro cytocompatibility testing, possibly due to its aligned fibril structure; 3) Rinsing of PPy-coated nanocellulose fibrils, which after drying into free-standing porous composites are applicable for energy storage and electrochemically controlled ion extraction, significantly degraded the PPy coating, unless acidic rinsing was employed. Only minor degradation was observed during long-term ambient storage; 4) Variations in the drying method as well as type and amount of nanocellulose offered ways of tailoring the porosities of nanocellulose/PPy composites between 30% and 98%, with increments of ~10%. Supercritical CO2-drying generated composites with the largest specific surface area yet reported for nanocellulose/conducting polymer composites (246 m2/g). The electrochemical oxidation rate was found to be controlled by the composite porosity; 5) In blood compatibility assessments for potential hemodialysis applications, heparinization of CNC/PPy composites was required to obtain thrombogenic properties comparable to commercial hemodialysis membranes. The pro-inflammatory characteristics of non-heparinized and heparinized composites were, to some extent, superior to commercial membranes. The heparin coating did not affect the solute extraction capacity of the composite.The presented results are deemed to be useful for tuning the properties of systems based on the studied materials in e.g. energy storage, ion exchange and biomaterial applications.
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| 44. |
- Chatterjee, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the potential of fungal and plant laccases for active-packaging applications
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - WASHINGTON : American Chemical Society. - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 59:10, s. 5390-5395
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laccases from Trametes versicolor (TvL), Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL), and Rhus vernicifera (RvL) were investigated with regard to their potential utilization as oxygen scavengers in active packages containing food susceptible to oxidation reactions. The substrate selectivity of the laccases was investigated with a set of 17 reducing substrates, mainly phenolic compounds. The temperature dependence of reactions performed at low temperatures (4-31 °C) was studied. Furthermore, the laccases were subjected to immobilization in a latex/clay matrix and drying procedures performed at temperatures up to 105 °C. The results show that it is possible to immobilize the laccases with retained activity after dispersion coating, drying at 75-105 °C, and subsequent storage of the enzyme-containing films at 4 °C. TvL and, to some extent, MtL were promiscuous with regard to their reducing substrate, in the sense that the difference in activity with the 17 substrates tested was relatively small. RvL, on the other hand, showed high selectivity, primarily toward substrates resembling its natural substrate urushiol. When tested at 7 °C, all three laccases retained >20% of the activity they had at 25 °C, which suggests that it would be possible to utilize the laccases also in refrigerated food packages. Coating and drying resulted in a remaining enzymatic activity ranging from 18 to 53%, depending on the drying conditions used. The results indicate that laccases are useful for active-packaging applications and that the selectivity for reducing substrates is an important characteristic of laccases from different sources.
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| 45. |
- Claesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Simulation and education Outline and validation of a new dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation educational bundle using the Delphi method
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Resuscitation Plus. - : ELSEVIER. - 2666-5204. ; 17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) is time-dependent. To date, evidence-based training programmes for dispatchers are lacking. This study aimed to reach expert consensus on an educational bundle content for dispatchers to provide DA-CPR using the Delphi Method: An educational bundle was created by the Swedish Resuscitation Council consisting of three parts: e-learning on DA-CPR, basic life support training and audit of emergency out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls. Thereafter, a two-round modified Delphi study was conducted between November 2022 and March 2023; 37 experts with broad clinical and/or scientific knowledge of DA-CPR were invited. In the first round, the experts participated in the e-learning module and answered a questionnaire with 13 closed and open questions, whereafter the e-learning part of the bundle was revised. In the second round, the revised e-learning part was evaluated using Likert scores (20 items). The predefined consensus level was set Results: Delphi rounds one and two were assessed by 20 and 18 of the invited experts, respectively. In round one, 18 experts (18 of 20, 90%) stated that they did not miss any content in the programme. In round two, the scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/AVE, 0.99) and scale-level content validity index based on universal agreement (S-CVI/UA, 0.85) exceeded the threshold level of 80%. Conclusion: Expert consensus on the educational bundle content was reached using the Delphi method. Further work is required to evaluate its effect in real-world out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls.
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| 46. |
- Dellve, Lotta, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Myofeedback training and intensive muscular strength training to decrease pain and improve work ability among female workers on long-term sick leave with neck pain: a randomized controlled trial
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 84:3, s. 335-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The theoretical framework is that muscle tension in the neck is related to insufficient muscular rest and is a risk factor for chronic pain and reduced work ability. Promoting muscle strength and muscle rest may increase work ability and reduce neck pain. Objectives To test whether myofeedback training or intensive strength training leads to decreased pain and increased work ability in women on long-term sick leave. Methods This is a randomized controlled trial of two 1-month interventions with myofeedback or muscular strength training in the home environment. Female human service organization workers (n = 60) on long-term (>60 days) sick leave and with chronic neck pain were followed with self-reported and laboratory-observed data of health, pain, muscular activation, and work ability, at baseline, immediately after the intervention and 3 months after baseline. Results For both intervention groups, pain was lowered over time compared with the control group. Decreased pain and muscular activity was associated with increased self-rated work ability and with laboratory-observed work ability at 3-month follow-up. Decreased pain was also associated with increased self-rated work ability at 1-month follow-up. Muscular strength training was associated with increased self-rated work ability and mental health. Myofeedback was associated with increased observed work ability and self- rated vitality. Conclusions The two interventions showed positive results, suggesting that they could be developed for use in health care practice to address pain and work ability. The intensive muscular strength training program, which is both easy to conduct at home and easy to coach, was associated with increased work ability.
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| 47. |
- Dillenbeck, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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The design of the PRINCESS 2 trial: A randomized trial to study the impact of ultrafast hypothermia on complete neurologic recovery after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with initial shockable
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : MOSBY-ELSEVIER. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 271, s. 97-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Delayed hypothermia, initiated after hospital arrival, several hours after cardiac arrest with 8-10 hours to reach the target temperature, is likely to have limited impact on overall survival. However, the effect of ultrafast hypothermia, i.e., delivered intra-arrest or immediately after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), on functional neurologic outcome after out -of -hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is unclear. In two prior trials, prehospital trans -nasal evaporative intra-arrest cooling was safe, feasible and reduced time to target temperature compared to delayed cooling. Both studies showed trends towards improved neurologic recovery in patients with shockable rhythms. The aim of the PRINCESS2-study is to assess whether cooling, initiated either intra-arrest or immediately after ROSC, followed by in -hospital hypothermia, significantly increases survival with complete neurologic recovery as compared to standard normothermia care, in OHCA patients with shockable rhythms. Methods/design In this investigator -initiated, randomized, controlled trial, the emergency medical services (EMS) will randomize patients at the scene of cardiac arrest to either trans -nasal cooling within 20 minutes from EMS arrival with subsequent hypothermia at 33 degrees C for 24 hours after hospital admission (intervention), or to standard of care with no prehospital or in -hospital cooling (control). Fever ( > 37,7 degrees C) will be avoided for the first 72 hours in both groups. All patients will receive post resuscitation care and withdrawal of life support procedures according to current guidelines. Primary outcome is survival with complete neurologic recovery at 90 days, defined as modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0-1. Key secondary outcomes include survival to hospital discharge, survival at 90 days and mRS 0-3 at 90 days. In total, 1022 patients are required to detect an absolute difference of 9% (from 45 to 54%) in survival with neurologic recovery (80% power and one-sided alpha= 0,025, beta = 0,2) and assuming 2,5% lost to follow-up. Recruitment starts in Q1 2024 and we expect maximum enrolment to be achieved during Q4 2024 at 20-25 European and US sites. Discussion This trial will assess the impact of ultrafast hypothermia applied on the scene of cardiac arrest, as compared to normothermia, on 90 -day survival with complete neurologic recover y in OHCA patients with initial shockable rhythm. Trial registration NCT06025123. (Am Heart J 2024;271:97-108.)
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| 48. |
- Ekroos, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Declines amongst breeding Eider Somateria mollissima numbers in the Baltic/Wadden Sea flyway
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ornis Fennica. - 0030-5685. ; 89:2, s. 81-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the status of the Baltic/Wadden Sea flyway Eider population based on trends in breeding and wintering numbers throughout the region, supplemented by changes in the sex ratio and proportion of young Eiders as monitored in the Danish hunting bag. At the flyway scale, total numbers of breeding pairs decreased by 48% during 2000-2009, after relatively stable breeding numbers in 1991-2000. The majority of the population nest in Finland and Sweden, where the number of breeding pairs has halved over the same period. After initial declines in winter numbers between 1991 and 2000, during 2000-2009, national wintering numbers increased in the Baltic Sea, but decreased in the Wadden Sea. The annual proportion of adult females in the Danish hunting bag data decreased from ca. 45% (1982) to ca. 25% (2009) and simultaneously the proportion of first-winter birds fell from ca. 70% to ca. 30%, indicating dramatic structural changes in the Danish wintering numbers. These results suggest that the total flyway population will experience further declines, unless productivity increases and the factors responsible for decreasing adult female survival are identified and ameliorated. We discuss potential population drivers and present some recommendations for improved flyway-level monitoring and management of Eiders.
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