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| 2. |
- Ahmad, Azeem, 1984-
(författare)
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Contributions to Improving Feedback and Trust in Automated Testing and Continuous Integration and Delivery
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An integrated release version (also known as a release candidate in software engineering) is produced by merging, building, and testing code on a regular basis as part of the Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) practices. Several benefits, including improved software quality and shorter release cycles, have been claimed for CI/CD. On the other hand, recent research has uncovered a plethora of problems and bad practices related to CI/CD adoption, necessitating some optimization. Some of the problems addressed in this work include the ability to respond to practitioners’ questions and obtain quick and trustworthy feedback in CI/CD. To be more specific, our effort concentrated on: 1) identifying the information needs of software practitioners engaged in CI/CD; 2) adopting test optimization approaches to obtain faster feedback that are realistic for use in CI/CD environments without introducing excessive technical requirements; 3) identifying perceived causes and automated root cause analysis of test flakiness, thereby providing developers with guidance on how to resolve test flakiness; and 4) identifying challenges in addressing information needs, providing faster and more trustworthy feedback. The findings of the research reported in this thesis are based on data from three single-case studies and three multiple-case studies. The research uses quantitative and qualitative data collected via interviews, site visits, and workshops. To perform our analyses, we used data from firms producing embedded software as well as open-source repositories. The following are major research and practical contributions. Information Needs: The initial contribution to research is a list of information needs in CI/CD. This list contains 27 frequently asked questions on continuous integration and continuous delivery by software practitioners. The identified information needs have been classified as related to testing, code & commit, confidence, bug, and artifacts. We investigated how companies deal with information needs, what tools they use to deal with them, and who is interested in them. We concluded that there is a discrepancy between the identified needs and the techniques employed to meet them. Since some information needs cannot be met by current tools, manual inspections are required, which adds time to the process. Information about code & commit, confidence level, and testing is the most frequently sought for and most important information. Evaluation of Diversity Based Techniques/Tool: The contribution is to conduct a detailed examination of diversity-based techniques using industry test cases to determine if there is a difference between diversity functions in selecting integrationlevel automated test. Additionally, how diversity-based testing compares to other optimization techniques used in industry in terms of fault detection rates, feature coverage, and execution time. This enables us to observe how coverage changes when we run fewer test cases. We concluded that some of the techniques can eliminate up to 85% of test cases (provided by the case company) while still covering all distinct features/requirements. The techniques are developed and made available as an open-source tool for further research and application. Test Flakiness Detection, Prediction & Automated Root Cause Analysis: We identified 19 factors that professionals perceive affect test flakiness. These perceived factors are divided into four categories: test code, system under test, CI/test infrastructure, and organizational. We concluded that some of the perceived factors of test flakiness in closed-source development are directly related to non-determinism, whereas other perceived factors concern different aspects e.g., lack of good properties of a test case (i.e., small, simple and robust), deviations from the established processes, etc. To see if the developers’ perceptions were in line with what they had labelled as flaky or not, we examined the test artifacts that were readily available. We verified that two of the identified perceived factors (i.e., test case size and simplicity) are indeed indicative of test flakiness. Furthermore, we proposed a light weight technique named trace-back coverage to detect flaky tests. Trace-back coverage was combined with other factors such as test smells indicating test flakiness, flakiness frequency and test case size to investigate the effect on revealing test flakiness. When all factors are taken into consideration, the precision of flaky test detection is increased from 57% (using single factor) to 86% (combination of different factors).
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| 3. |
- Asplund, Mikael, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Integrering av den sociala dimensionen i datautbildningar
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bidrag från 7:e Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar. - : Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet. - 9789177906056 ; , s. 189-190
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Eidenskog, Maria, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing the world one engineer at a time – unmaking the traditional engineering education when introducing sustainability subjects
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. - : EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1467-6370 .- 1758-6739. ; 24:9, s. 70-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The information technology (IT) sector has been seen as central to society's transformation to a more just and sustainable society, which underlines teachers’ responsibility to foster engineers who can contribute specifically to such ends. This study aims to report an effort to significantly update an existing engineering programme in IT with this ambition and to analyse the effects and challenges associated with the transformation.Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on a combination of action-oriented research based on implementing key changes to the curriculum; empirical investigations including surveys and interviews with students and teachers, and analysis of these; and a science and technology studies-inspired analysis.Findings: Respondents were generally positive towards adding topics relating to sustainability. However, in the unmaking of traditional engineering subjects, changes created a conflict between core versus soft subjects in which the core subjects tended to gain the upper hand. This conflict can be turned into productive discussions by focusing on what kinds of engineers the authors’ educate and how students can be introduced to societal problems as an integrated part of their education.Practical implications: This study can be helpful for educators in the engineering domain to support them in their efforts to transition from a (narrow) focus on traditional disciplines to one where the bettering of society is at the core.Originality/value: This study provides a novel approach to the transformation of engineering education through a theoretical analysis seldom used in studies of higher education on a novel case study.
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| 5. |
- Enberg, Cecilia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Rapport: Lärande för hållbar utveckling vid utbildningsprogram vid IEI, LiU
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport beskriver en studie vars syfte har varit att undersöka vilka utmaningar och möjligheter som finns med att på ett systematiskt sätt arbeta för att främja ett lärande för hållbar utveckling vid LiU. Vår utgångspunkt har varit universitetskanslerämbetets tematiska utvärdering från 2017 av lärosätenas arbete med att främja en hållbar utveckling genom sina utbildningar. Vi har genomfört en studie med programansvariga vid utbildningar som ges vid institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, IEI varav en del på filosofisk och andra på teknisk fakultet. Dels har vi gått igenom utbildningsplanerna för programmen, dels har vi genomfört en enkätundersökning och en uppsättning fokusgruppsdiskussioner med programansvariga.Ett mindre antal av programmen och specifikt civilingenjörsutbildningen i Energi, Miljö & Management (EMM) har i utbildningsplaner referenser till specifika mål för en hållbar utveckling som man avser förbereda sina studenter att kunna bidra till. De flesta programs primära fokus ligger dock på anställningsbarhet för sina studenter. Från enkäten och fokusgruppsdiskussioner har vi förstått att det för många programansvariga har varit det första tillfället de fått att fundera över hur deras utbildningar eventuellt bidrar till att förbereda studenter för att hantera utmaningar kopplade till en hållbar utveckling. I våra resultat märks också en tydlig ambivalens och tveksamhet inför både vad man gör just nu, vad man vill göra och vilken sorts drivkrafter och styrning man önskar i det arbetet. Flera programansvariga hävdar å ena sidan att begreppet är svårdefinierat, men att man å andra sidan är säker på att man arbetar i en riktning som gör att utbildningarna bidrar till att främja en hållbar utveckling. Man hävdar att en del lärare vid de egna programmen kan sakna kompetens att hantera problem med flera dimensioner, men anser samtidigt att de egna lärarna har den kompetens som behövs för utbildnings-programmen. Man ser positivt på studenters och externa finansiärers önskemål om förändringar av utbildningarna, men är samtidigt tveksam till många av de sätt som LiU skulle kunna använda för att stödja arbetet med för-ändringar.Baserat på vår analys av programansvarigas respons och universitetskanslersämbetets rekommendationer ger vi avslutningsvis rekommendationer för fortsatt arbete med frågan om lärande för hållbar utveckling på LiU.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Björn, Professor, PhD, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the challenge of the energy crisis : Tackling system complexity with megagaming
- 2023
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Ingår i: ECCE '23: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2023. - New York, NY United States : ACM Digital Library. - 9798400708756
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is tightly coupled to the usage of energy in differentforms. Creating and using sustainable energy solutions is increasinglybeing recognized as the greatest challenge of our time. Theenergy crisis concerns everyone who consumes energy or servicesthat rely on energy to be performed, in practice almost everythingwe buy. However, the temporal and psychological distance to climatechange has led to a situation where the consequences of ourenergy usage often is considered a future problem or “someoneelse’s” problem. Current methods to increase awareness and understandingof climate change and the need to create sustainableenergy solutions are usually based on simulation or negotiationgames. Methods similar to crisis management exercises are uncommon.In this paper, we propose to use Megagames, large scale socialgames, as a method for increasing the awareness of the challengesrelated to creating sustainable energy solutions. Examples fromtwo Megagame test runs are provided and discussed.
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| 7. |
- Leifler, Ola, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A Model for Document Processing in Semantic Desktop Systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the I-KNOW '08, the International Conference on Knowledge Management. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Verlag.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a significant gap between the services provided by dedicated information systems and general desktop systems for document communication and preparation. This situation is a serious knowledge-management problem, which often results in information loss, poor communication, and confusion among users. Semantic desktops promise to bring knowledge-based services to common desktop applications and, ultimately, to support knowledge management by adding advanced functionality to familiar computing environments. By custom tailoring these systems to different application domains, it is possible to provide dedicated services that assist users in combining document handling and communication with structured workflow processes and the services provided by dedicated systems. This paper presents a model for developing custom-tailored document processing for semantic-desktop systems. Our approach has been applied to the domain of military command and control, which as based on highly-structured document-driven processes. Key Words: semantic desktop, document-driven processes, semantic documents, planning
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| 9. |
- Leifler, Ola, 1978-
(författare)
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Combining Technical and Human-Centered Strategies for Decision Support in Command and Control - The ComPlan Approach
- 2008
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Ingår i: ISCRAM2008 Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference. ; , s. 504-515
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ComPlan (A Combined, Collaborative Command and Control Planning tool) is an approach to providing knowledge-based decision support in the context of command and control. It combines technical research on automated planning tools with human-centered research on mission planning. At its core, ComPlan uses interconnected views of a planning situation to present and manipulate aspects of a scenario. By using domain knowledge flexibly, it presents immediate and directly visible feedback on constraint violations of a plan, facilitates mental simulation of events, and provides support for synchronization of concurrently working mission planners. The conceptual framework of ComPlan is grounded on three main principles from human-centered research on command and control: transparency, graceful regulation, and event-based feedback. As a result, ComPlan provides a model for applying a human-centered perspective on plan authoring tools for command and control, and a demonstration for how to apply that model in an integrated plan-authoring environment.
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| 10. |
- Leifler, Ola, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Critique and Visualization as decision support for mass-casualty emergency management
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Second International ISCRAM Conference. - Brussels, Belgium : Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium. - 9076971099 - 9789076971094 ; , s. 155-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emergency management in highly dynamic situations consists of exploring options to solve a planning problem. This task can be supported through the use of visual cues that are based on domain knowledge of the current domain. We present an approach to use visualization of critical constraints in timelines and hierarchical views as decision support in mass-casualty emergency situations.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Leifler, Ola, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Domain-specific knowledge management in a Semantic Desktop
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of I-KNOW '09 9th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies. ; , s. 360-365
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semantic Desktops hold promise to provide intelligent information-management environments that can respond to users’ needs. A critical requirement for creating such environments is that the underlying ontology reflects the context of work properly. For specialized work domains where people deal with rich information sources in a context-specific manner, there may be a significant amount of domain-specific information available in text documents, emails and other domain-dependent data sources. We propose that this can be exploited to great effect in a Semantic Desktop to provide much more effective knowledge management. In this paper, we present extensions to an existing semantic desktop through content- and structure-based information extraction, domain-specific ontological extensions as well as visualization of semantic entities. Our extensions are justified by needs in strategic decision making, where domain-specific, well-structured knowledge is available in documents and communications but scattered across the desktop. The consistent and efficient use of these resources by a group of co-workers is critical to success. With a domain-aware semantic desktop, we argue that decision makers will have a much better chance of successful sense making in strategic decision making.
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| 13. |
- Leifler, Ola, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to the thematic collection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Högre Utbildning. - : Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 2000-7558. ; 10:2, s. 50-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the current thematic collection of Högre Utbildning, we present eight contributions on how to change higher education in ways which will enable students to contribute to a sustainable future, including three invited papers on the systematic transformation of higher education necessary to addressour existential societal challenges.
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| 14. |
- Leifler, Ola, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching sustainability, ethics and scientific writing : An integrated approach
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). - : IEEE. - 9781728189611 - 9781728189628
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Innovative Practice Full Paper presents an approach to integrate three critical elements in Computer Science education.The call to imbue computer science graduates with strategic skills needed to address our pressing global sustainability challenges is extremely important, and a great challenge to degree programmes in computer science and software engineering. Doing this successfully requires great care, and possibly several iterations across an entire curriculum. In this regard, learning for sustainability faces similar challenges as understanding scientific results and ethics. Improving skills in searching for, reading, and producing academic texts are often neglected, as are skills in understanding ethics; what norms and values that guide our choices of methods for solving problems. To handle the fact that these subjects (academic writing, ethics and sustainability) are treated separately, and thereby lowering student engagement with the topics, we have successfully integrated them into one coherent subject of Professionalism in Computer Science. By integrating the three subjects, we do three things: a) describe a multi-faceted but integrated engineering role; b) integrate the three aspects of the role we focus on in education and steer away from the view that these are add-ons; and c) increase the motivation of students to take on these aspects of the engineering role.Our approach uses a flipped-classroom style with students playing educational games, participating in discussion seminars and conducting critical analyses of other students’ choices in IT system design. Much emphasis is on the students academic writing abilities, including critical information search and a student peer-review procedure. Also, we do this using an integrated assessment format where teachers from different disciplinary backgrounds jointly assess material from students, which stimulates discussions among ourselves about what and how to assess, and provides a practical way to integrate assessments. We present results from attitude surveys, course evaluations and the contents of the students’ analyses in their final essays. In conclusion, our approach demonstrates a clear shift in how students perceive sustainability, showing that it is possible to achieve changes in attitude towards the subjects as such and their importance for computer scientists.
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| 15. |
- Leifler, Ola, 1978-
(författare)
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User-centric critiquing in command and control : the DKExpert and ComPlan approaches
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes two approaches for using critiquing as decision support for military mission planning. In our work, we have drawn from both human-centered research as well as results on decision support systems research for military mission planning when devising approaches for knowledge acquisition and decision support for mission planning.Our two approaches build on a common set of requirements which have been developed as the consequence of both literature analyses as well as interview studies. In short, these criteria state that critiquing systems should be developed with transparency, ease of use and integration in traditional work flow in mind. The use of these criteria is illustrated in two approaches to decision support in two different settings: a collaborative real-time war-gaming simulation and a planning tool for training mission commanders.Our first approach is demonstrated by the DKExpert system, in which end-users can create feedback mechanisms for their own needs when playing a two-sided war-game scenario in the DKE simulation environment. In DKExpert, users can choose to trigger feedback during the game by instructing a rule engine to recognize critical situations. Our second approach, ComPlan, builds on the insights on knowledge and planning representation gained from DKExpert and introduces an explicit representation of planning operations, thereby allowing for better analysis of planning operations and user-controlled feedback. ComPlan also demonstrates a design for critiquing support systems that respects the traditional work practice of mission planners while allowing for intelligent analysis of military plans.
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| 16. |
- Malmqvist, Johan, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The CDIO Syllabus 3.0 - An Updated Statement of Goals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International CDIO Conference. - : Chalmers University of Technology. - 2002-1593. ; , s. 18-36
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CDIO Initiative is going through a process of reconsidering and updating the CDIO approach for engineering education development. Previous work resulted in substantial updates of the twelve CDIO standards and the introduction of “optional” CDIO standards. This paper reports on a similar review and update of the CDIO Syllabus to version 3.0. It has been developed by a working group consisting of four sub-groups and iterated and refined guided by feedback from the whole CDIO community. There are mainly three external drivers that motivate the changes: sustainability, digitalization, and acceleration. There is also an internal driver in the form of lessons learned within the CDIO community, from using the Syllabus in curriculum and course development. Approximately 70 updates are proposed, amongst them three additions on the X.X level, namely 1.4 Knowledge of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3.1 Teamwork and Collaboration, and 5.3 Research.
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