| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Boström, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Design proposal of electrical system for linear generator wave power plants
- 2009
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Ingår i: 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS. - : IEEE. - 9781424446483 - 9781424446506 ; , s. 4180-4185
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an electrical system layout for a wave power plant connecting linear generators to the grid. The electrical power out from the wave energy converters must be converted before they can be connected to the grid. The conversion is carried out in marine substations that will be placed on the seabed.The paper presents experimental power data from a wave energy converter that has been in operation at the Lysekil research site since March 2006. Moreover, results and analyses from experiments and simulations from tests with the generator connected to a rectifier and filter are presented. A simulation is made to show the difference between having the generator connected to a linear load and a nonlinear load, which would be the case when the generator is connected to the grid.
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| 3. |
- Boström, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental results from an offshore wave energy converter
- 2008
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Ingår i: Volume 6. ; , s. 653-657
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anoffshore wave energy converter (WEC) was successfully launched at theSwedish west coast in the middle of March 2006. TheWEC is based on a permanent magnet linear generator locatedon the ocean floor driven by a point absorber. Ameasuring station has been installed on a nearby island whereall measurements and experiments on the WEC have been carriedout. The output voltage from the generator fluctuates both inamplitude and frequency and must therefore be converted to enablegrid connection. In order to study the voltage conversion, themeasure station was fitted with a six pulse diode rectifierand a capacitive filter during the autumn of 2006. Theobject of this paper is to present a detailed descriptionof the existing wave energy system of the Islandsberg project.Special attention will be given to the power absorption bythe generator when it is connected to a non linearload
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| 4. |
- Boström, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Results From an Offshore Wave Energy Converter
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering-Transactions of The Asme. - : ASME International. - 0892-7219 .- 1528-896X. ; 132:4, s. 041103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An offshore wave energy converter (WEC) was successfully launched at the Swedish west coast in the middle of March 2006. The WEC is based on a permanent magnet linear generator located on the sea floor driven by a point absorber. A measuring station has been installed on a nearby island where all measurements and experiments on the WEC have been carried out. The output voltage from the generator fluctuates both in amplitude and frequency and must therefore be converted to enable grid connection. In order to study the voltage conversion, the measuring station was fitted with a six pulse diode rectifier and a capacitive filter during the autumn of 2006. The object of this paper is to present a detailed description of the Lysekil research site. Special attention will be given to the power absorption by the generator when it is connected to a nonlinear load.
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| 5. |
- Boström, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental results of rectification and filtration from an offshore wave energy system
- 2009
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 34:5, s. 1381-1387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present paper presents results from a wave energy conversion that is based on a direct drive linear generator. The linear generator is placed on the seabed and connected to a buoy via a rope. Thereby, the natural wave motion is transferred to the translator by the buoy motion. When using direct drive generators, voltage and current output will have varying frequency and varying amplitude and the power must be converted before a grid connection. The electrical system is therefore an important part to study in the complete conversion system from wave energy to grid connected power. This paper will bring up the first steps in the conversion: rectification and filtration of the power. Both simulation studies and offshore experiments have been made. The results indicate that this kind of system works in a satisfactory way and a smooth DC power can be achieved with one linear generator.
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| 6. |
- Boström, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Study of aWave Energy Converter Connected to a Nonlinear Load
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. - 0364-9059 .- 1558-1691. ; 34:2, s. 123-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents experimental results from a wave energy converter (WEC) that is based on a linear generator connected to a rectifier and filter components. The converter-filter system is installed onshore, while the linear wave generator operates offshore a few kilometers from the Swedish west coast. The power from the generator has been rectified with a diode bridge and then filtered using a capacitive filter. Performance of the whole conversion system was studied using resistive loads connected across the filter. The aim was to investigate the operational characteristics of the generator while supplying a nonlinear load. By changing the value of the resistive component of the load, the speed of the translator can be changed and so also the damping of the generator. The power absorbed by the generator was studied at different sea states as well. The observations presented in this paper could be beneficial for the design of efficient wave energy conversion systems.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gravråkmo, Halvar, et al.
(författare)
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Power Production by Linear Wave Energy Converters of Point Absorber Type with Vertical Cylindrical Buoys during Various Sea States
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two wave energy converters (WEC) were deployed near the city of Lysekil as part of Uppsala University's wave energy project. The converters were electrically identical and mechanically very similar. The converters were installed on the seabed at 25 m depth at the same site and believed to be exposed to very similar wave conditions. They utilized permanent magnets oscillating vertically due to surface buoys actuating the generators. The buoys were vertical cylinders excitated by ocean waves, with different diameters but with equal volume. The power production from the converters and the sea states were measured and comparison of power production between the two converters during various sea states was conducted. Also wind and tidal oscillations were considered and were found to influence the power production directly or indirectly, as did also significant wave height and energy period. The only difference between the two converters were the buoys, as the generators and electric loads were equal. During a 4 day period of various wave climates, the WEC with the buoy with 78 % larger water plane area than the WEC with the more narrow buoy with a water plane area of 7.07 m2 was found to produce 11 % more power.
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| 9. |
- Hai, Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Force in the connection line for a wave energy converter : simulation and experimental setup
- 2014
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Ingår i: 33Rd International Conference On Ocean, Offshore And Arctic Engineering, 2014, Vol 9A. - San Francisco, USA. - 9780791845530
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to capture ocean wave energy and transform it into electric energy, Uppsala University has developed a point absorber wave energy converter (AVEC) for electricity production. For a better understanding of a torus shaped buoy's performance, this paper conducts a force analysis under linear conditions, to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristic and line force differences between the torus buoy that is going to be deployed, and two similar cylindrical buoys. The result reveals the line force fromthis torus buoy is roughly 5% larger than from cylindrical buoys for the most energy dense wave climate in Lysekil test site, and negative added mass phenomena won't have a significant impact for the line force. To measure the line force, a force measurement system has been designed. A detailed description is given on the design of the 500 kN force measurement system, and the major differences compared with former force measurement systems. Onshore test result has also been presented. With the force measurement experiment, hydrodynamic analysis for torus buoy can be validated when the system performs linearly, and extreme force for storm weather can be monitored to provide information for future WEC structure's mechanical design.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Leijon, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A wave power unit
- 2009
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Lejerskog, Erik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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A Switchgear
- 2011
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 14. |
- Lejerskog, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed Study of Closed Stator Slots for a Direct-Driven Synchronous Permanent Magnet Linear Wave Energy Converter
- 2014
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Ingår i: Machines. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-1702. ; 2:1, s. 73-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to analyze how a permanent magnet linear generator for wave power behaves when the stator slots are closed. The usual design of stator geometry is to use open slots to maintain a low magnetic leakage flux between the stator teeth. By doing this, harmonics are induced in the magnetic flux density in the air-gap due to slotting. The closed slots are designed to cause saturation, to keep the permeability low. This reduces the slot harmonics in the magnetic flux density, but will also increase the flux leakage between the stator teeth. An analytical model has been created to study the flux through the closed slots and the result compared with finite element simulations. The outcome shows a reduction of the cogging force and a reduction of the harmonics of the magnetic flux density in the air-gap. It also shows a small increase of the total magnetic flux entering the stator and an increased magnetic flux leakage through the closed slots.
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| 15. |
- Lejerskog, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental results on power absorption from a wave energy converter at the Lysekil wave energy research site
- 2015
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 77, s. 9-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power generation from wave power has a large potential to contribute to our electric energy production, and today, many wave power projects are close to be commercialized. However, one key issue to solve for many projects is to decrease the cost per installed kW. One way to do this is to investigate which parameters that have a significant impact on the wave energy converters (WEC) performance. In this paper, experimental results on power absorption from a directly driven point absorbing WEC are presented. The experiments have been carried out at the Lysekil research site in Sweden. To investigate the performance of the WEC, the absorbed power and the speed of the translator are compared. The result confirms that the buoy size and the translator weight have a large impact on the power absorption from the generator. By optimizing the buoy size and translator weight, the WEC is believed to produce power more evenly over the upward and downward cycle. Moreover, to predict the maximum power limit during normal operation, a simulation model has been derived. The results correlates well with experimental data during normal operation.
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| 16. |
- Lejerskog, Erik, 1977-
(författare)
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Linear wave energy converter : Study of electromagnetic design
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis presents results from synchronous linear wave energy converters developed at Uppsala University. A study is done on closed stator slots and a study presenting offshore data focusing on the power absorption from a wave energy converter (WEC). The first step in studying the closed slots has been done during no-load, to study the magnetic flux path from the permanent magnets and to study the forces in the linear generator. The initial studies show a reduction in cogging force and a reduction in harmonics in the magnetic flux density in the air-gap. It also shows an increase of the total flux entering the stator and an increase in flux leakage. The study has been done with FEM simulations and compared with analytical calculations.The second study was done to investigate the power absorption of a WEC in upward and downward motion in relation to the volume of the buoy and mass of the system. The experimental results were compared with a static model focusing on the limit in the absorption. As expected from the model, the WEC absorbs more energy in the upward direction. Also indications of snatch load were observed. Within this thesis, results from a comparison study between two WECs with almost identical electrical properties and the same volume of the buoy, but with different height and diameter have been presented. Moreover, experimental studies including the conversion step between AC to DC have been done.The work done in this thesis is a part of a larger wave power project at Uppsala University. Where everything between the energy absorption from the waves to the connection to the electrical grid is studied. The project has a test-site at the west coast of Sweden near the town Lysekil, where wave energy research has been carried out since 2004.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Lejerskog, Erik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Study of the operation characteristics of a point absorbing direct driven permanent magnet linear generator deployed in the Baltic Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: IET Renewable Power Generation. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1752-1416 .- 1752-1424. ; 10:8, s. 1204-1210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To experimentally study how a wave energy converter (WEC) behaves when parameters such as weight on the translator and buoy volume are changing is of significant importance when trying to optimise the WEC system. This study presents results from a WEC deployed at the Baltic Sea near the island of Åland. Compared with earlier experiments, the weight on the translator has been significantly increased to suit the buoy volume. Experimental results show that the power output between the upward and the downward motions are comparable up to the maximum speed for the downward motion of the translator. To study the speed of the translator in downward direction a model has been derived. The model has also been used to study the impact of having a changing active area. Moreover, finite element (FE) simulations done on the generator have been compared with experimental data and show a good agreement, but at high speeds of the translator the FE simulations start to deviate from the experiments.
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| 20. |
- Lejerskog, Erik, 1977-
(författare)
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Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Operational Wave Energy Converters
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies wave energy converters developed at Uppsala University. The wave energy converters are of point absorbing type with direct driven linear generators. The aim has been to study generator design with closed stator slots as well as offshore experimental studies.By closing the stator slots, the harmonic content in the magnetic flux density is reduced and as a result the cogging forces in the generator are reduced as well. By reducing these forces, the noise and vibrations from the generator can be lowered. The studies have shown a significant reduction in the cogging forces in the generator. Moreover, by closing the slots, the magnetic flux finds a short-cut through the closed slots and will lower the magnetic flux linking the windings.The experimental studies have focused on the motion of the translator. The weight of the translator has a significant impact on the power absorption, especially in the downward motion. Two different experiments have been studied with two different translator weights. The results show that with a higher translator weight the power absorption is more evenly produced between the upward and downward motion as was expected from the simulation models. Furthermore, studies on the influence of the changing active area have been conducted which show some benefits with a changing active area during the downward motion. The experimental results also indicate snatch-loads for the wave energy converter with a lower translator weight.Within this thesis results from a comparative study between two WECs with almost identical properties have been presented. The generators electrical properties and the buoy volumes are the same, but with different buoy heights and diameters. Moreover, experimental studies including the conversion from AC to DC have been achieved.The work in this thesis is part of a larger wave power project at Uppsala University. The project studies the whole process from the energy absorption from the waves to the connection to the electrical grid. The project has a test-site at the west coast of Sweden near the town of Lysekil, where wave energy systems have been studied since 2004.
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| 21. |
- Parwal, Arvind, et al.
(författare)
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Wave Energy Research at Uppsala University and The Lysekil Research Site, Sweden : A Status Update
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a summarized status update ofthe Lysekil wave power project. The Lysekil project is coordinatedby the Div. of Electricity, Uppsala University since 2002, with theobjective to develop full-scale wave power converters (WEC). Theconcept is based on a linear synchronous generator (anchored tothe seabed) driven by a heaving point absorber. This WEC has nogearbox or other mechanical or hydraulic conversion systems,resulting in a simpler and robust power plant. Since 2006, 12 suchWECs have been build and tested at the research site located atthe west coast of Sweden. The last update includes a new andextended project permit, deployment of a new marine substation,tests of several concepts of heaving buoys, grid connection,improved measuring station, improved modelling of wave powerfarms, implementation of remote operated vehicles forunderwater cable connection, and comprehensive environmentalmonitoring studies.
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