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- Cerecetto, H, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and herbicidal activity of N-oxide derivatives
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 48:7, s. 2995-3002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of an ongoing program on the chemistry and biological activity of N-oxide-containing molecules, a number of novel 1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide, benzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide, and quinoxaline N,N'-dioxide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their herbicidal activity. Many of these compounds exhibited moderate to good herbicidal pre-emergence activity against Triticum aestivum. Dose-response studies were done on the more representative compounds (12, 20, and 26). The most active compound, butylcarbamoylbenzo[1,2-c]l,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide, 26, displayed herbicidal activity at concentrations as low as 24 g/ha.
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- Costello Daly, C, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the WHO diagnostic algorithm and development of an alternative scoring system for the management of women presenting with vaginal discharge in Malawi
- 1998
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Infections. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1368-4973 .- 1472-3263. ; 74:Suppl 1, s. S50-S58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the WHO algorithm for the detection of cervical infection in women presenting with vaginal discharge and modify the risk assessment score for optimum effectiveness in Malawi.METHODS: 550 consecutive women presenting with non-ulcerative genitourinary complaints were interviewed and examined. Cervical infection was defined as presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on culture and/or Chlamydia trachomatis by EIA. Other laboratory investigations included wet mount microscopy, serology for syphilis and HIV, LED testing of cervical and vaginal secretions, and pH testing of vaginal fluid. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPV) of different algorithms were determined in the analysis.RESULTS: Cervical infection was identified in 19.5% of women (17.1% gonorrhoea, 3.7% chlamydial infection). The sensitivity/specificity/PPV of the WHO risk assessment were 43%/73%/28%, respectively by history and 62%/61%/27% with the addition of speculum examination. Using Malawi results to modify the risk assessment improved the performance to 61%/68%/31% respectively by history alone, which increased to 73%/64%/33% with bimanual examination and 72%/56%/29% with speculum examination.CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of the WHO risk assessment is low for the detection of cervical infection in Malawi. Although the Malawi risk assessment performed somewhat better on history alone, this study identified external and bimanual examination variables that improved the diagnostic performance of the algorithm in settings where speculum examination is not possible. Although the PPVs of the algorithms are low, country specific risk assessments can provide a framework for management until simple, affordable diagnostic tests for the definitive diagnosis of cervical infection are available.
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- Di Russo, Jacopo, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelial basement membrane laminin 511 is essential for shear stress response
- 2017
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Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - : EMBO. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 36:2, s. 183-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shear detection and mechanotransduction by arterial endothelium requires junctional complexes containing PECAM-1 and VE-cadherin, as well as firm anchorage to the underlying basement membrane. While considerable information is available for junctional complexes in these processes, gained largely from in vitro studies, little is known about the contribution of the endothelial basement membrane. Using resistance artery explants, we show that the integral endothelial basement membrane component, laminin 511 (laminin α5), is central to shear detection and mechanotransduction and its elimination at this site results in ablation of dilation in response to increased shear stress. Loss of endothelial laminin 511 correlates with reduced cortical stiffness of arterial endothelium in vivo, smaller integrin β1-positive/vinculin-positive focal adhesions, and reduced junctional association of actin–myosin II. In vitro assays reveal that β1 integrin-mediated interaction with laminin 511 results in high strengths of adhesion, which promotes p120 catenin association with VE-cadherin, stabilizing it at cell junctions and increasing cell–cell adhesion strength. This highlights the importance of endothelial laminin 511 in shear response in the physiologically relevant context of resistance arteries.
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- Entiauspe-Neto, O. M., et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomic Status of Two Simultaneously Described Apostolepis Cope, 1862 Species (Dipsadidae: Elapomorphini) from Caatinga Enclaves Moist Forests, Brazil
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Herpetology. - : Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. - 0022-1511. ; 54:2, s. 225-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apostolepis mariae and Apostolepis thalesdelemai are two simultaneously described Elapomorphini snake species for two mountain ranges of Caatinga Enclaves moist forests in the state of Ceara, northeastern Brazil. Both species were differentiated from congeners and from one another based exclusively on external morphology. We examined the type specimens as well as a comprehensive series of specimens for both species and provide evidence for the recognition of both taxa as conspecific. We apply Article 24.2.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) that provides guidelines for taxonomic status precedence for both species based on the principle of the first reviser decision. Based on the ICZN code, we gave precedence for A. thalesdelemai over A. mariae. Finally, we provide a complementary diagnosis for A. thalesdelemai along with comments on its geographic distribution, natural history, and conservation.
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- Orellana, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Oncogenic mutations at the EGFR ectodomain structurally converge to remove a steric hindrance on a kinase-coupled cryptic epitope
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:20, s. 10009-10018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is initiated by a large ligand-favored conformational change of the extracellular domain (ECD) from a closed, self-inhibited tethered monomer, to an open untethered state, which exposes a loop required for strong dimerization and activation. In glioblastomas (GBMs), structurally heterogeneous missense and deletion mutations concentrate at the ECD for unclear reasons. We explore the conformational impact of GBM missense mutations, combining elastic network models (ENMs) with multiple molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories. Our simulations reveal that the main missense class, located at the I-II interface away from the self-inhibitory tether, can unexpectedly favor spontaneous untethering to a compact intermediate state, here validated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Significantly, such intermediate is characterized by the rotation of a large ECD fragment (N-TR1), deleted in the most common GBM mutation, EGFRvIII, and that makes accessible a cryptic epitope characteristic of cancer cells. This observation suggested potential structural equivalence of missense and deletion ECD changes in GBMs. Corroborating this hypothesis, our FACS, in vitro, and in vivo data demonstrate that entirely different ECD variants all converge to remove N-TR1 steric hindrance from the 806-epitope, which we show is allosterically coupled to an intermediate kinase and hallmarks increased oncogenicity. Finally, the detected extraintracellular coupling allows for synergistic cotargeting of the intermediate with mAb806 and inhibitors, which is proved herein.
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- Timmons, D., et al.
(författare)
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Cost minimization for fully renewable electricity systems : A Mauritius case study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is the world's most prominent environmental problem, and fossil-fuel combustion is its primary cause. To set carbon reduction goals, policy makers require information on feasibility and cost of renewable energy systems. In this study, we describe an economic approach to modeling a national electricity system based entirely on renewable sources, using the island-nation of Mauritius as a case study. Many renewable electricity studies consider levelized costs of electricity (LCOE), which represents average cost of electricity, but cost minimization requires equalizing marginal costs. With variable sources, marginal costs change over time. Minimizing cost thus requires a model incorporating variability at high time resolution (daily or hourly), with the objective of minimizing the levelized cost of electricity for an entire electricity system (LCOES). In Mauritius, the minimum-cost renewable electricity portfolio includes roughly equal proportions of solar, wind, and biomass electricity, along with electricity storage. Policy issues include setting renewable energy targets, selecting policy instruments to incentivize optimum renewable energy portfolios, incorporating energy efficiency, determining appropriate discount rates, ensuring land availability, and accounting for non-cost considerations. Many of the economic and policy issues identified apply universally, and methods demonstrated in this study could be used anywhere in the world.
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