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Sökning: WFRF:(Lennartsson Martin)

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1.
  • Lennartsson, Martin (författare)
  • The transition of industrialised house-building towards improved production control
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Production control is the coordination of supply chain and production activities within manufacturing systems to achieve specific delivery flexibility and delivery reliability with a minimum of cost. Swedish industrialised house-building is a part of housing construction, employing an engineer-to-order production strategy, meaning that products (buildings) are engineered (designed) and produced to order. The building system is used as a strategic asset, giving flexibility to the client and aiming for production standardisation (e.g. operations, material) and predictability (e.g. quality and delivery times) of the production. Still, the operational platform encounters problems resulting in severe rework, which impact on quality and time frames.This thesis describes the transition for industrialised house-building towards improved production control by assessing tools from other manufacturing typologies than industrialised housing and engineer-to-order. The aim of the assessment was to identify barriers against the transition. When assessing tools from other fields it is important that the analysis relates to the business model employed i.e. avoid the risk that measures introduced to the operational platform compromise the flexibility of the end product (the building).The tools were decided from a decision base methodology, which is a combination of a model for competitive capabilities and the three areas product, process and supply chain. The investigated tools were modularity, Systematic production Analysis (SPA) and Failure mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Empirical data were gathered from the production process of an industrialised house-builder and one of their first-tier suppliers. The results show that the tools have to be changed to fit in the industrialised house-building company. SPA was for example deconstructed with the idea to iteratively add back removed parts. In the FMEA study, the tool was also revised by suggesting new ranking systems to prioritise failure modes in production and the idea to reflect the industrial context of the house-builder and engineer-to-order. Especially indicative was the interaction between the severity and detection classes and the length of the supply chain.The most prominent barriers for production control identified in the assessment were product design in terms of interfaces and their tolerances, lack of testing in the production (exacerbated by the process length), choice of wood as the structural material, orders dispatched to the factory project-by-project, and lack of vertical integration among consultants and suppliers. Also, in the investigation of the transition towards improved production control, the assessment of the tools showed that it should be managed in a stepwise manner. Consequently, the impact from the tools on both the operational platform but also the business model can be monitored.
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2.
  • Andersson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • The anomalous hyperfine structure of Al II
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 45:13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The hyperfine structure of a large number of transitions in Al II cannot be described using A and B hyperfine constants and the hyperfine structure is therefore said to be anomalous. In this paper, we have studied the hyperfine structure of a few transitions in Al II, 3s5s(3)S-3s5p(3)P, 3s4d(3)D-3s5p(3)P and 3s5p(3)P-3s5d(3)D, by combining theory and experiment. It is shown that the anomalous hyperfine structure is due to strong off-diagonal hyperfine interaction resulting not only in a deplacement of the energies of the hyperfine levels, but also resulting in large intensity redistribution among the individual hyperfine lines. It is shown that the hyperfine mixing in 3s4d(3)D and 3s5d(3)D is very large, whereas small but not negligible in 3s5p(3)P. By combining experimental spectra and theory we could obtain accurate wavefunctions for the 3s4d(3)D and 3s5d(3)D hyperfine levels which were used to calculate the gf-values of all individual hyperfine transitions not only for 3s5p(3)P, but also for 3s3p(3)P and 3s4p(3)P, where the off-diagonal hyperfine interaction leads to negligible intensity redistribution.
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3.
  • André, Samuel, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the design platform in industrialized housing for efficient design and production of customized houses
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Transdisciplinary engineering for complex socio-technical systems. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643680200 - 9781643680217 ; , s. 125-134
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrialized house-building (IHB) is a sector offering unique products by adopting an engineer-to-order (ETO) strategy. Customer satisfaction is achieved by adaptation of product solutions and the fast-paced introduction of new technology in combination with short lead-times and cost-efficient production. Product platforms is acknowledged as a strategic enabler for mass customization and increased competitiveness. The strategy has been a necessity in the mechanical industry for several decades. However, for IHB, platforms have only gained interest in recent years. In general, ETO companies struggle with adopting the common product platform approach, set by pre-defined modules and components. Predefinitions require standardization of the product offer which reduces the customization ability which is regarded as a competitive edge. The Design Platform (DP) approach was developed aimed to support ETO companies by utilizing different types of engineering assets in a coherent transdisciplinary model enabling efficient customization. The long-term aim of this work is to investigate and support the DP applicability in IHB to increase efficiency in development and delivery. For this article, data were gathered from a single case study, including workshops with company representatives combined with interviews and document analysis. Based on the data analysis, engineering assets were identified and characterized. Further, a conceptual PLM solution is proposed and outlined to support the DP application combined with the assets. The results suggest that a PLM system can host parts of the DP and that it is applicable in IHB.
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5.
  • Areth Koroth, Rohith, et al. (författare)
  • A method to capture and share production requirements supporting a collaborative production preparation process
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 273-282
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The production preparation process (3P) enables collaboration between design and production engineers during product development but its efficiency is limited by the abundance of documentation of manufacturing constraints and capabilities. Empirical studies showed that use of production requirements can increase the efficiency of 3P, however, the support for production engineers to capture and share production requirements is scarce. A method to support production engineers in identifying, defining, structuring and sharing production requirements and collaborating with design engineers is presented. The method has three major parts - focus areas and requirement categories, a worksheet for production requirements capturing and prioritization, and a workflow for using the worksheet. The method was developed in collaboration with practitioners and contributes to the existing knowledge by providing production engineers with a structured way of working with production requirements. Evaluation of the method in the case company showed its usability when developing product variants and that additional work is needed to support the development of new product families and assembly lines.
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7.
  • Areth Koroth, Rohith, et al. (författare)
  • Aligning production requirements with product and production maturities : enhancing production preparation during product development
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 195-204
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Product development is multidisciplinary with high uncertainties necessitating coordinated decision-making between design and production. This paper presents a method to work with production requirements to support production preparation during product development aligned with different product and production maturities. The work was conducted in collaboration with two global manufacturing firms. The method supports identification, definition, and structuring of production requirements and the collaboration between design and production engineers for requirement prioritization and follow-up. 
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8.
  • Areth Koroth, Rohith, et al. (författare)
  • Design for Producibility : A Case Study on Theory, Practice and Gaps
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Transdisciplinarity and the Future of Engineering. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643683386 - 9781643683393 ; , s. 134-143
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Changing customer requirements, regulations, technology and regulations, shift to automated assembly and product variety are common challenges faced by many manufacturing industries and alignment between product and production system is critical for business success. Design engineers should be aware of production constraints and capabilities to ensure efficient manufacture and assembly of products that are developed. This requires different and detailed support to guide the work, evaluate different design solutions, enable continuous and concurrent work with design for producibility and production preparation. A study was conducted in three companies to understand alignment and integration of product development and production preparation processes. Also, utilization of production requirements, design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) and failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) to support design for producibility (DFP) was studied. Currently, production preparation is done through discussions between design and production engineers. Production preparation and work with DFMA and FMEA is skill and experience dependent. Definition, structuring and sharing of production requirements on different system levels, from production and product perspectives are identified as critical to supporting design for producibility and production preparation. The work with FMEA and DFMA can be developed and improved with systematic and structured way of working with production requirements.
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9.
  • Areth Koroth, Rohith, et al. (författare)
  • Product Platforms and Production : Current State and Future Research Directions Targeting Producibility and Production Preparation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Transdisciplinary Engineering for Resilience: Responding to System Disruptions. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643682082 - 9781643682099 ; , s. 332-341
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • New business opportunities are created when the advantage of changeable manufacturing systems expand beyond increased freedom in production location to increased freedom in product design. However, there are new challenges to overcome, including improved ability to design and adapt products when requirements from stakeholders quickly change and/or new technology rapidly evolves. Simultaneously, the producibility of each design must be ensured while keeping the lead-time of the whole process to the minimum. Changeable product platforms (both flexible and adaptable platforms) are gaining attention in both research and industry. However, the level of alignment and integration of product development and production is critical for the efficiency of the product realization process. In this study, we map the state of practice in five companies with an initial literature review. The companies had no formal platform strategy and faced challenges with variant management and development time, had manual processes for production preparation and reuse of technical solutions and knowledge happened through components and documents. The production preparation and reuse were dependent on the engineer’s competence. Future work will concentrate on identifying how manufacturing inputs can be added as a design asset in a changeable product platform to enhance producibility and production preparation.
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10.
  • Areth Koroth, Rohith (författare)
  • Supporting production preparation during product development using production requirements
  • 2023
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Product development is affected by uncertainties due to changing customer requirements, changing regulations, technological developments, long lead times, high product complexities, and geopolitical issues. Automation, increased flexibility of production, and reduced lead times are drivers that allow product development to be competitive in this scenario. Design engineers should be aware of production capabilities to facilitate early producibility assessments and to avoid late changes. Production preparation is identified as an important activity in the product development process, whereby the producibility of a product is assessed. In this thesis, the current state of production preparation during product development is investigated and a method is introduced supporting production preparation using production requirements. The work was carried out using the design research methodology framework and comprised four studies based on the four steps of the framework. The research clarification and descriptive study 1 phases aimed at developing understanding and were done by means of data collection at the companies through interviews and document studies. The next two steps were prescriptive study and descriptive study 2, which aimed at developing and evaluating the support. This was done through observation, workshops, and solution development. The production preparation process is supported by Design for Manufacturing and Assembly, failure mode and effects analysis, lesson-learnt documents, and computer-aided design, and the efficiency of the process is dependent on individual skills and knowledge. Tools to support common understanding, remove ambiguity in requirements, and enable collaboration between design and production engineers are needed. The developed method allows for the identification, definition, structuring, and sharing of production requirements, aligning with varying maturities of product and production systems during product development. This helps improve the collaboration between design and production engineers for production preparation.
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12.
  • Björnfot, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Projekt: Installationssamordning
  • 2010
  • Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Projektet syftar till att arbeta fram en modell för hur modularisering kan utnyttjas praktiskt i byggsammanhang. Specifikt handlar det om att definiera och avgränsa moduler samt att redogöra för hur en teknisk plattform kan skapas som stöds av en individuell utveckling av moduler för tekniska installationer. Medverkande parter Universitet: Luleå tekniska universitet (LTU) Företag: Lindbäcks Bygg AB Norvag Byggsystem AB Moelven ByggModul AB Setra Group AB Martinsons Byggsystem AB
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13.
  • Borg, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the Assessment List for Trustworthy AI in the Context of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Ethics in Software Engineering Research and Practice (SEthics). ; , s. 5-12
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in critical applications. Thus, the need for dependable AI systems is rapidly growing. In 2018, the European Commission appointed experts to a High-Level Expert Group on AI (AI-HLEG). AI- HLEG defined Trustworthy AI as 1) lawful, 2) ethical, and 3) robust and specified seven corresponding key requirements. To help development organizations, AI-HLEG recently published the Assessment List for Trustworthy AI (ALTAI). We present an illustrative case study from applying ALTAI to an ongoing development project of an Advanced Driver-Assistance System (ADAS) that relies on Machine Learning (ML). Our experience shows that ALTAI is largely applicable to ADAS development, but specific parts related to human agency and transparency can be disregarded. Moreover, bigger questions related to societal and environmental impact cannot be tackled by an ADAS supplier in isolation. We present how we plan to develop the ADAS to ensure ALTAI-compliance. Finally, we provide three recommendations for the next revision of ALTAI, i.e., life-cycle variants, domainspecific adaptations, and removed redundancy.
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15.
  • Bosch-Sijtsema, Petra, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • Barriers and facilitators for BIM use among Swedish medium-sized contractors - “We wait until someone tells us to use it”
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Visualization in Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2213-7459. ; 5:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The pace of diffusion of BIM (Building Information Modelling) use is considered to increase with governmental initiatives in which public clients in countries like Finland, Singapore, United Kingdom, and Sweden begin requiring BIM as a part of the project delivery. Currently, larger contractor firms use BIM to a certain extent. However, BIM use by mid-sized contractor firms (that is, firms with 50–500 employees that can successfully compete with larger contractors on projects costing a maximum of 50 million Euros) is relatively unknown. Hence, the aim of the paper is to explore current use and perceived constraints and driving forces of BIM-implementation with respect to mid-sized contractors. Methods: A mixed method approach was applied, and data was collected through an interview study and a survey involving chief executive officers or their closest sub-ordinates in mid-sized contractor firms in Sweden. The survey was based on a technology-, organization-, and environment framework that is used in information systems research to study the use of interorganizational information systems. The total population of firms in the survey corresponded to 104. The study presented the preliminary results based on 32 answers (with a 31% response rate). Results: Fifty-eight percent of the surveyed respondents stated that they had been involved in a project in which BIM was used in some manner. The most commonly used application included visualization, which also facilitates coordination and communication. The biggest perceived constraints involved partners that did not use BIM, lack of demand from clients, and the absence of internal demand in the company. With respect to the two last obstacles, significant differences existed between users and non-users. The most common perceived driving forces included the fact that BIM is perceived as a means to follow technical development and that BIM provides competitive advantages to the company. Conclusions: It is concluded that the main driver responsible for BIM-implementation is mainly determined by an individual’s subjective positive or negative evaluation of BIM, instead of external pressure from clients and partners or by the internal capacity and knowledge to use BIM.
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16.
  • Bosch-Sijtsema, Petra, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • Hinder och drivkrafter for BIM i medelstora entreprenadföretag
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Under senare år har det inom samhällsbyggnadssektorn förts en diskussion om att BIM (byggnadsinformationsmodellering) kan utveckla och effektivisera sektorn, genom att t ex. beställare börjar ställa krav på BIM som en del av projektleveransen. Idag använder de större entreprenadföretagen BIM i varierande omfattning under byggprocessen, men hur BIM- användningen ser ut bland medelstora entreprenadföretag är mindre känt. Mot denna bakgrund är syftet med projektet att undersöka vilka hinder och drivkrafter för BIM-användningen som medelstora entreprenadföretag upplever, samt förekomst och omfattning av BIM-användningen i dessa företag. Projektets övergripande mål är att visa på hur upplevda hinder för BIM- användningen kan överbryggas för öka företagens beredskap inför framtida beställarkrav på BIM. Data har samlats in via djupintervjuer och två enkätstudier för att bl a kartlägga omfattningen av BIM-användningen. Genom enkätstudierna har det var möjligt att få en tydlig bild av vad BIM används till, samt rangordningen på de upplevda hindren och drivkrafterna. Första enkätstudien, ”företagsenkäten”, riktades mot företagens ledning. Av de 32 företag som besvarade enkäten uppger 57 procent att de har varit involverade i något projekt där BIM/3D- modeller har använts i något skede. Det absolut vanligaste användningsområdet är visualisering och kollisionskontroller. Det största upplevda hindret var avsaknaden av beställarkrav på BIM, samt att samarbetspartners inte använder BIM. Bland de företag som hade erfarenhet av BIM upplevdes höga investeringar i hård- och mjukvara som det största hindret. Den klart starkaste drivkraften för att använda BIM är att företagen upplever att de kan hänga med i den tekniska utvecklingen, medan man inte lika starkt upplevde att BIM är en strategiskt viktig fråga. Den andra enkätstudien riktades mot företagens tjänstemän och besvarades av 194 personer. Av dessa hade 35 procent medverkat i projekt där BIM användes i något skede, 35 procent kände till BIM men hade inte medverkat i något projekt där BIM hade använts, medan 30 procent uppgav att de inte hade någon kännedom om BIM. Användningen av BIM för visualisering upplevdes som den främsta nyttan och var även det vanligaste användningsområdet. I likhet med företagsledningen ansåg tjänstemännen att BIM hjälpte företaget att hänga med i den tekniska utvecklingen, samt att BIM kan ge företaget en ökad konkurrenskraft. Avsaknaden av beställarkrav på BIM och höga investeringar i hård- och mjukvara upplevdes som de största hindren. Den omedelbara slutsatsen är att de största upplevda hindren ligger utanför de medelstora entreprenadföretagens kontroll och diskussionen om kommande beställarkrav på BIM har inte satt något större avtryck i företagens verksamhet. Vidare är det värt att notera att 30 procent av respondenterna i enkäten till tjänstemän uppger att de inte har någon kännedom om BIM. Men det finns starka skäl att anta att kännedomen om BIM kommer att öka i och med BIM ingår i utbildningen av ingenjörer på landets högskolor och universitet. Vidare är respondenterna väl medvetna om att det krävs förändring och utveckling av arbetssätt, upphandlingsformer, samt samarbetsformer med partners för att bättre utnyttja möjligheterna med BIM. Men detta är lite motsägelsefullt eftersom man samtidigt håller med i påståendet: ”Jag använder gärna BIM mer om det anpassas till vårt arbetssätt”. En annan slutsats är att icke-användarföretagen väntar på att någon annan skall kräva att de använder BIM, medan företagen som har använt BIM gör det för att de ser fördelar i sin egen verksamhet. Det är även värt att notera att icke-användarna av BIM i enkäten till tjänstemännen har i grunden en positiv inställning till BIM och dess olika användningsområden. När det gäller aktiviteter som företagen själva kan initiera och i synnerhet de företag som redan är involverade i projekt där BIM används, är att börja göra modellerna mera tillgängliga även i produktionsskedet. Slutligen, vad som både användar- och icke användarföretag skall dra nytta är att utnyttja de kunskaper nyutexaminerade byggnadsingenjörer har om BIM. Dessa nyutbildade byggnadsingenjörer kan få både formella och informella roller som BIM-facilitatorer.
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17.
  • Bäckstrand, Jenny, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • Customizations vs. Platforms : A Conceptual Approach to COSI
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Advances in Production Management Systems. Production Management for Data-Driven, Intelligent, Collaborative, and Sustainable Manufacturing. APMS 2018.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319997032 - 9783319997049 ; , s. 116-123
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In recent years, many manufacturers have experienced an increased demand for customized products and services, which requires the manufacturer to simultaneously offer both standardized and customized products. Consequently, several manufacturing strategies must be efficiently employed. These companies do not express the same prerequisites as ‘pure’ ETO companies since they need to be able to differentiate customized orders from standard orders, but also be able to differentiate between the manufacturing dimension and the engineering dimension of customization. Whereas standard orders can be processed with a platform approach, the customized orders contain specific requirements and information represented by ‘customer-order specific information’ (COSI). This paper defines and presents competitive scenarios where platform constraints are combined with COSI for efficient customizations. Implications for the approach and a path forward is discussed.
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18.
  • De Goey, Heleen, et al. (författare)
  • Design Thinking as Facilitator for Sustainable Innovation : Exploring Opportunities at SMEs in the Swedish Wood Products Industry
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Design thinking (DT) is the application of design practice as an approach to innovate and initiate change. Recently, DT has received increasing attention as an approach to address sustainability challenges. However, this area is less studied. The purpose of this study was to explore how DT could enable small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Swedish wood products industry to create more sustainable offers. Various actors from this industry have identified the need to develop sustainable offers, although few discuss how this is realized. Interviews have been conducted with six SMEs to increase understanding on challenges they perceive with developing sustainable products. Current practice is compared to potential benefits of DT described in literature. Three main benefits of DT for SMEs have been identified. It could enable SMEs [1] to redefine the purpose of their offers, [2] to better address needs and [3] to address conflicting requirements regarding sustainability.
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19.
  • Deneberg, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • Prognostic DNA methylation patterns in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia are predefined by stem cell chromatin marks
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 118:20, s. 5573-5582
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) comprise between forty and fifty percent of all adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. In this clinically diverse group molecular aberrations such as FLT3ITD, NPM1 and CEBPA mutations recently have added to the prognostic accuracy. Aberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of cancer including AML. We investigated in total 118 CN-AML samples in a test and a validation cohort for genome-wide promoter DNA methylation with Illumina Methylation Bead arrays and compared them to normal myeloid precursors and global gene expression. IDH and NPM1 mutations were associated with different methylation patterns (p=0.0004 and 0.04, respectively). Genome-wide methylation levels were elevated in IDH mutated samples (p=0.006). We observed a negative impact of DNA methylation on transcription. Genes targeted by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins and genes associated with bivalent histone marks in stem cells showed increased aberrant methylation in AML (p<0.0001). Furthermore, high methylation levels of PcG target genes were independently associated with better progression free (OR 0.47, p=0.01) and overall survival (OR 0.36, p=0.001). In summary, genome wide methylation patterns show preferential methylation of PcG targets with prognostic impact in CN-AML.
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20.
  • Eger, Glenda, 1984- (författare)
  • Regulation and Function of MAP Kinases in PDGF Signaling
  • 2016
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a family of signaling molecules that stimulates cell growth, survival and migration. PDGF is recognized by specific transmembrane proteins, the PDGF receptors, which relay the signals to the cell activating the Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and other signaling pathways. Aberrant activation of these pathways is frequently detected in cancer. Hence, the study of these processes is essential for identifying potential drug targets or diagnostic markers.In paper I, we identified Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 1 NR4A1 to be regulated by PDGF via MAP kinases, clarifying the role of Extracellular signal–regulated kinases (Erk) 1/2, Erk5 and Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in its regulation. NR4A1 was found to be important for the tumorigenic potential, measured as anchorage-independent growth, of glioblastoma cells.Since the cellular responses elicited by PDGF result from the balance between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events, we investigated the role of the dual specificity phosphatases DUSP4/MKP-2 and DUSP6/MKP-3. In paper II, we describe the crucial role of Erk1/2 and p53 in the expression of DUSP4/MKP2. Moreover, we observed that DUSP4/MKP-2 downregulation decreases Erk5 activation and accelerates PDGFRβ internalization and downregulation resulting in a specific inhibition of Signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) 3, Src and protein kinase C (PKC), and partially of p38, Stat1/5 and Phoshoplipase Cγ (PLCγ).In paper III, we report that DUSP6/MKP-3 creates a negative cross-talk between Erk1/2 and Erk5 and an auto-inhibitory feedback loop on the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. In paper IV, we identify a new regulative mechanism of the PDGF pathway. PDGF induces Erk5 expression and activation that modulates the PDGFRβ activity. After Erk5 downregulation, the receptor undergoes to a faster and stronger activation that results in a faster internalization and degradation.In conclusion, we present a mechanism through which the PDGF/MAP kinases support tumor growth, and elucidate different regulatory pathways involved in PDGF signaling.
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21.
  • Ekman, Simon, et al. (författare)
  • Esophageal cancer : current and emerging therapy modalities
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-7140 .- 1744-8328. ; 8:9, s. 1433-1448
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the last few years, there has been a gradual increase in treatment options for patients with esophageal malignancies. Several clinical studies have been performed, covering not only radiation and chemotherapy, but also the introduction of novel biological agents into the treatment arsenal. Patients with esophageal carcinoma are now offered second-line and sometimes even third-line treatments, and the number of research protocols is increasing. Despite the newly awakened interest in this malignancy, the overall 5-year survival rate has remained at approximately 10% since the 1980s. This review contains a compilation of available studies of esophageal malignancies and discusses current treatment options as well as newly developed therapies targeted at growth factor receptors.
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22.
  • Elgh, Fredrik, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Platform Models for Agile Customization – What's Beyond Modularization?
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Transdisciplinary Engineering Methods for Social Innovation of Industry 4.0. - : IOS Press. - 9781614998976 - 9781614998983 ; , s. 371-380
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many manufacturing companies are suppliers that deliver unique solutions to different business customers. Intense quotation work, with a high demand on accuracy and quick response, and development projects executed in close collaboration with customers and other actors characterize these companies. The projects can run for years or a few weeks depending on the business. Changes of requirements are frequent and technology development required for improved functionality, sustainability and competitiveness. The use of a product platform has been acknowledged as a strategic enabler for product family development and mass customization. However, companies struggle with adopting the common platform approach building upon pre-defined modules and components as it constraints the fulfilment of unique customer requirements and the introduction of new technology at high pace. This work reports the results from case studies conducted in collaboration with four companies. They are in many ways different but face the same challenges when it comes to customization, fluctuating requirements and need of high pace in technology advancement. The focus of this paper is on their initial states; including how they work with their product concept before the customer entry point, the work that is initiated when an order is accepted, the character of requirements and the adoption of product platforms. Criteria on, and identification of, new platforms models, termed Design Assets, are presented followed by a mapping to the Design Platform concept pointing out areas upcoming work, both scientifically and at the companies.
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23.
  • Holmlund, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Lean i praktiken : en studie av produktionen på Englundshus AB
  • 2008
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Bakgrunden till projektet som resulterat i denna rapport, ligger i ett behov att förbättra effektiviteten i fabriken hos Englundshus AB. Syftet är att se över fabrikslayouten, hitta flöden, flaskhalsar och slöseri. Den teoribas som använts, finns inom ramen för Lean Production även kallat Lean Construction inom byggbranschen. Studien har genomförts i tre steg med lika många företagsbesök. Vid det första besöket studerades hela fabrikslayouten och samtliga delprocesser. Besöket resulterade i ett konstaterande att det som i teorierna beskrivs som 5S snabbt skulle skapa mervärde till hela fabriksprocessen. I samband med det andra besöket fokuserades på de två största processerna som är vägg- och golvtillverkning. Ur företagets tidsuppföljning konstaterades att väggtillverkningen var flaskhalsen för delprocesserna. Under besöket drogs även slutsatsen att materialflödet är kritiskt och bör ses över.För att hitta aktiviteten som orsakar flaskhalsen i väggtillverkningen gjordes under besök tre en värdeflödeskartläggning. Den visade att den sista stationen, där panel monteras, är flaskhalsen inom delprocessen.För att minska slöseriet och få ett bättre flöde genom fabriken och därmed minska effekten av flaskhalsen har ett förslag på ny fabrikslayout tagits fram. Förslaget innebär att borden omplaceras så att varje station ges möjlighet till ett bättre materialflöde.
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24.
  • Isaksson, Anders, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • BIM use in the production process among medium sized contractors : A survey of Swedish medium sized contractors
  • 2016
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Building Information Modelling (BIM) is claimed to transform the AEC industry, whereas current research has argued that diffusion of BIM use proceeds at a slower rate than the optimistic predictions. However, governmental initiatives where public clients in countries like Finland, Singapore, United Kingdom and Sweden start to require a Building Information Model as a part of the project delivery, are supposed to increase the pace of diffusion of BIM use. Today, larger contractor firms use BIM to a varying extent. But BIM use in mid-sized contractor firms, with 50 – 500 employees, which successfully can compete with larger contractors on projects up to 50 million Euros, is relatively unknown. The aim of the paper is to explore the current use and perceived challenges and driving forces of BIM-implementation among mid-sized contractors. The data used in this study is collected through a survey send to chief executive officers, or their closest sub-ordinates, of mid-sized construction firms in Sweden. The survey is based on a technology-, organization-, environment framework that is used in information systems research in order to study the use of inter-organizational information systems. The total population of firms in the survey is 136. The preliminary results presented in this paper are based on 31 answers (30 percent response rate). 58 percent of the respondents said that they have been involved in a project where BIM has been used in some way. The most commonly used application is visualization. The highest obstacles perceived are that partners are not using BIM, there is no demand from clients, and there is no internal demand in the company. For the two last obstacles there were significant differences between users and non-users. The most common perceived driving forces were that BIM is a means for following the technical development and BIM can give the company competitive advantages. Moreover, the results indicate that the main driver behind BIM-implementation is mainly determined by an individual’s subjective positive or negative evaluation of BIM, rather than by external pressure from clients and partners, or by internal capacity and knowledge to use BIM.
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25.
  • Jacobson, L., et al. (författare)
  • Mechanisms compensating for visual field restriction in adolescents with damage to the retro-geniculate visual system
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Eye (London. 1987). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-222X .- 1476-5454. ; 26:11, s. 1437-1445
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background To describe visual field (VF) outcome in three adolescents with damage to the optic radiation and to focus on mechanisms that may compensate the practical functional limitations of VF defects. Design Descriptive, prospective multi-case study in a hospital setting. Participants Three teenagers with cerebral visual dysfunction because of damage to the retro-geniculate visual pathways. Methods Best-corrected visual acuity and eye alignment were assessed. Visual field function was tested with Goldmann perimetry, and with Rarebit, Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer and Esterman computerized techniques. Fixation was registered with video oculography during Rarebit examination. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain illustrated brain damage and its relation to the posterior visual system. Results One of the three subjects had bilateral asymmetric white matter damage of immaturity, early-onset exotropia, and a relative homonymous VF defect, but normal binocular VF. The second subject also had bilateral asymmetric white matter damage of immaturity and showed an inferior right quadrantanopia, confirmed by the binocular field. Registration of fixation revealed automatic scanning during perimetry. The third subject had an almost total left homonymous hemianopia after resection of a brain tumour in the right temporal lobe. The hemianopia could be compensated for by fast voluntary scanning. Conclusion Congenital and later-acquired homonymous VF defects may, at least in young subjects, be compensated for by scanning. Exotropia may compensate VF defects and, therefore, the VF should be tested before strabismus surgery. Eye (2012) 26, 1437-1445; doi:10.1038/eye.2012.190; published online 21 September 2012
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26.
  • Jansson, Gustav, et al. (författare)
  • Breakdown Structure in the Digitalization of Design Work for Industrialized House-Building : A Case Study of Systems Building Using Predefinition Levels of Product Platforms
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: ICCREM 2019. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). ; , s. 49-57, s. 49-57
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrialized house-building companies predefine parameters in platforms. In the strive to identify efficient information flow with automation and configuration, the design process requires a breakdown of the product structure of a building to digitally communicate between information systems. The level of predefinitions varies between industrialized house-builders according to market position, type of building processes, and maturity in business. The client decoupling point according to the predefinitions of house-building as a product is central for how and when production information is created. Bill of materials is a breakdown structure that visualize relations and the transformation between engineering, preparation, and production processes from a life cycle perspective. A case study at eight house-building companies was chosen with the aim to identify relations between the level of predefinitions and breakdown structures. House-building platforms with a high level of predefinition on layouts, components, and interfaces show a tendency to use less time in BIM-tools for engineering work and a high level of parameters in manufacturing configuration systems to prepare for production. Meanwhile, the opposite with low levels of predefinitions on components and interfaces focus on BIM-tools for engineering work with longer lead times. An interesting outcome is those with a high level of predefinitions in interfaces but lower levels on component dimensions. These companies have the ability to position their offer to a wide market with flexibility in the engineering work and need to communicate the high levels of interface parameters for the manufacturing sequence with a breakdown of the product together with architects.  
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27.
  • Käkelä, Nikolas, et al. (författare)
  • Viskleken : Samlade lärdomar från ett kollaborativt forskningsprojekt
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Allt fler företag upplever krav på kundanpassning av produkter och för att få nöjda kunder är det en förutsättning att förstå vad kunder verkligen vill ha. Kundanpassade produkter förknippas ofta med små serier och kundens beställningar innehåller specifik information för varje order. Denna information inkluderar när, var, och vad kunden vill ha.I Viskleken har fokus främst varit på företag som tar kundanpassning till sin spets och konstruerar och tillverkar produkter helt enligt enskilda kunders behov. Produkten tas således fram enbart för den enskilda kunden som får en unik lösning skräddarsydd enligt eget önskemål och behov. Den här leveransstrategin brukar kallas engineer-to-order. Att verka inom denna kontext ställer givetvis helt andra krav på företaget i jämförelse med kraven på exempelvis massproducerande företag.I massproducerande företag främjas repetitiva moment för att företaget effektivt ska kunna producera stora volymer av samma produkt. Vid kundanpassning ställs dock krav på företagets flexibilitet för att de ska kunna svara an till en stor variation av kundkrav.Litteraturen och teorin som berör tillverkningsindustrin är dock ofta grundad i den massproduktionslogik som varit den gällande modellen under den större delen av industrialiseringen. Av denna anledning finns det ett behov av ny kunskap som tar gällande förutsättningar i beaktning. Det är i detta ljus vi ser Viskleken: som en agent med utgångspunkt i kundanpassningens faktiska utmaningar vidgar vyerna för vilka färdigheter och kompetenser som nutidens tillverkande företag behöver förfoga över.
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28.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis of product development connected to production for industrialized housebuilding
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Leveraging transdisciplinary engineering in a changing and connected world. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643684406 - 9781643684413 ; , s. 112-121
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrialized housebuilding (IHB) is a sector within the construction trade where product platforms have been introduced from the mechanical industry to manage the product architecture and allow mass customization. The aim of this study is to analyze product development projects connected to the product platform and the production. For IHB, the backbone is a technical platform where components are designed and combined. Clients are satisfied, avoiding compromising the technical platform and the product architecture of the different variants. However, the adaptation to production is decisive and production has increased automation, with less flexibility in relation to the products. Still, product development has focused on the engineering view and the development of building components which fit in the predefined or well-established production facility while at the same time satisfy customer demands, i.e., maintaining the balance between distinctiveness and commonality. The study has observed one IHB company and two of their development projects focusing on changes in the product architecture for components across several of their product families. The development has been carried out in a bottom-up fashion. The results indicate difficulties in finding solutions, which fit production. An integrated design of production obstructs product development; the selection of project participants may affect the project results, both in terms of prior experience but also the problem-solving ability; the lack of project documentation is costly since experience is not captured, which could be recycled in future developments.
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29.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Exploration of the BIM Development and Application : Identifying Key Areas for the Industrialized House-Building Sector
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering. 5-7 June 2018, Tampere, Finland.. ; , s. 1030-1037
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Building Information Modelling (BIM) is claimed to transform the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, whereas current research has argued that diffusion of BIM use proceeds at a slower rate than the optimistic predictions. Much of the research on BIM has focused on the traditional part of the industry and larger companies, whereas less attention has been paid to the industrialized house-builders. The underlying idea of industrialized house-building is to increase efficiency, both internally (do things right) and externally (do the right things), with repetitiveness in production facilities. Previous research indicates that there is a lack of demand for BIM, both internally and externally, and that BIM use is rather determined by an individual’s subjective positive or negative evaluation of BIM, which may be hazardous for industrialized house-builders. However, using BIM in repetitive processes is claimed to have potential to improve the output of industrialized housing building.Hence, based on this background the aim of the paper is twofold: Firstly, to explore the current state of practice, and perceived constraints and driving forces of BIM-use with respect to industrialized house-building. Secondly; based on the results identify key areas for the continuous development of BIM within this sector of the construction trade. A mixed method approach was employed. To begin with, participant observations were carried out in connection to a regional development project, where managers from a selection of industrialized house-building companies assembled in order to identify key areas for development. Thereafter, interviews with managers in industrialized house-building companies were conducted to describe a state of practice within the industrialized house-building sector. Finally, a survey (n=52) was administered to employees at industrialized house-building companies on the Swedish market.Deducted from the observations at the meetings, the vast number of different software that are used in a large variety of different processes and the need for integration between BIM and other systems was highlighted. Discussions mostly concerned technical issues that can be explained by the fact that meetings participants were technical and development managers. The interviews gave at hand that better connection between BIM and the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a topic that should be prioritized. The results from the survey showed that 63 per cent of the respondents have experience from working with BIM. The immediate results show similarities with previous studies of BIM use among mid-sized firms in the traditional building and construction industry regarding use frequency, perceived benefits and constraints, as well as perceived challenges. However, it is concluded that the industrialized house building sector need to adapt BIM aligned to their unique conditions in order to reap benefits, without looking too much at what is going on in the traditional construction industry.
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30.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring Product Development in Industrialized Housing to Facilitate a Platform Strategy
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of 26th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction. - Chennai, India : The International Group for Lean Construction. ; , s. 538-548
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrialized house-building companies are offering unique products by adopting an engineer-to-order (ETO) strategy. Client satisfaction is achieved by adaptation of product solutions and swift introduction of new technology in combination with cost-efficient production and short lead-time for completion. Product development is executed in collaboration with the clients and changes in requirements are frequent. The use of product platforms, where external and internal efficiency are well-balanced, has been acknowledged as a strategic enabler for mass customization and increased competitiveness. However, ETO-companies struggle with adopting the common product platform approach, set by pre-defined modules and components. Predefinitions may cause an imbalance between product development and a lean production system. The aim of this work was to analyse current strategies and support to master the balance of external and internal efficiency in product development within industrialized housebuilding to facilitate the development of a product platform strategy. Data were gathered from a single case study and an on-going product platform development and includes interviews and document analysis. The findings show that product development is guided by a technical platform, but there is an imbalance where external efficiency is prioritized over the internal efficiency.
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31.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the Technical Platform in Industrialized Housebuilding for Robust Product Architecture
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Transdisciplinarity and the Future of Engineering. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643683386 - 9781643683393 ; , s. 33-42
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Improved resource efficiency, in industry and throughout the product life cycle, is a challenge and potentially, integrated product and production platforms can act as support. The aim of this study is to explore the current state of the technical platform in two industrialized housebuilding (IHB) companies from a mixed product architecture perspective. The study is part of a collaboration also involving three manufacturing companies and one IT provider. The research is crossing borders by means of interactive research and transdisciplinary engineering, and more than 50 practitioners and 13 researchers with competences in product management, engineering design, computational engineering, software development, production development, testing, quality, sourcing, and project management have been involved. Product platforms have been introduced in IHB to better control mixed product architectures and allow mass customization. Commonly, there is a technical platform for product architecture management, and a process platform for production management. High customization levels have resulted in an increasing number of variants not efficiently utilizing the technical platform. The results show that strong clients have negative influence on the technical platform while offering multiple products may facilitate simpler management of the technical platform but makes it more difficult to make changes and improvements.
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32.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Framework for Digital Development in Industrialized Housebuilding
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: SPS2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681467 - 9781643681474 ; , s. 335-345
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Building Information Modelling (BIM) is claimed to transform the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, whereas current research has argued that diffusion of BIM use proceeds at a slower rate than the optimistic predictions. Despite that potential of BIM is higher in industrialized housebuilding, the trade express similar characteristics as traditional construction both in terms of BIM sue but also organization of assets. The aim of this paper is to present a conceptual framework for digital development in industrialized timber housing. Data were gathered from eight industrialized housebuilding companies in a mixed approach with interviews, focus groups and a survey. The analysis presents the current use of BIM and digital tools and prioritized development areas within this domain. By adding a theoretical overview of current research for industrialized housebuilding with focus on platform strategies and digital development a framework is drawn. Problems with transfer in the interfaces between software were emphasized. Current research on developing a system for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) in industrialized housebuilding indicate a path forward. A PLM system facilitates the development of digital developments such as digital twins and smart products, which possess the potentials to generate crucial feedback, which is crucial for the competitiveness and efficiency of industrialized housebuilding. Thus, for a trade with high levels of complexity, a move towards a fully functional PLM system might not only be desirable but decisive.
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33.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Getting the most out of a collaborative research project – Cross industry design for a holistic view and increased learning
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 34th Annual ARCOM Conference<em>, </em>3-5 September 2018, Belfast, UK<em></em>. - : Association of Researchers in Construction Management (ARCOM). ; , s. 526-535
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lately, collaborative research has gained recognition. The balance between scientific rigour and practical relevance is a continuing issue within construction management research. The purpose of this paper it to describe a cross-industry and cross disciplinary approach to co-creation of knowledge through a collaborative research approach. A collaborative research project on the topic communication regarding customer specific demands is presented using a model with two interacting cycles for knowledge creation. Two construction companies, a housing company with off-site manufacturing and a small subcontractor manufacturing street doors and front doors, are participating. Four other companies within mechanical manufacture, telecom and consultancy are involved. To engage the companies, the project emphasizes activities not adding any contribution to academic production. Networking, industrial education, publications in trade journals, participation in trade fairs etc. might be essential to convince the industry of the practical relevance. The findings prove that applied research does not need to be isolated to specific industries or disciplines, as the collected data are applicable to the different participating companies' despite of their differences. 
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34.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Lean modular design : value-based progress of industrialised housing
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: IGLC 16 Proceedings. - : University of Salford, U.K.. - 9781905732456 ; , s. 541-551
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One of the core ideas of Lean Construction is that the process of designing and producing a construction product should progress continuously and create value for both the customer and the delivery team. The hypothesis in this paper is that modularisation has potential as a method for value management. The aim is to describe how modularisation, in a lean context, can be used as a tool to facilitate the management of internal and external values in industrialised housing. The paper will explore the theory of modularisation and its drivers and examine how the method can promote value management. Modularisation is then explored in practice, using empirical knowledge from the building service systems (HVAC, electricity, etc.) development process at five Swedish multi-storey timber housing producers. The analysis point out the importance of decomposing the modularisation process into a jointly performed industry phase where modules are designed, followed by a company internal product development process that complies to the modules. This paper concludes that it is not the product decomposition into modules that is of importance, rather the process that strives to balance internal and external values.
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35.
  • Lennartsson, Martin (författare)
  • Modularity in industrialised timber housing : a lean approach to develop building service systems
  • 2009
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Modularity has been applied in various disciplines, e.g. manufacturing, computer, cognitive science and education. General advantages are platform thinking and module variants which provide a range of product variants using a small number of components. However, the field has not been fully explored within construction.Sweden has taken a leading role within industrialised timber housing. Much effort has been put in research and development of the timber structural system. Thereby, the building service systems (electrical and HVAC systems) has fallen behind in development. Currently, there are several actors involved, (e.g. consultants, subcontractors, wholesalers) that are individually procured on shortterm agreements. The actors remain in the traditional culture with dispersed views on value. To be able to break this dependency, enhanced industrialised practice for the building services is sought. Modularity is argued to aid in reducing the variation in production, lowering lead times and achieving control of material supply. Through modularity, production control can be achieved and value can be better managed, issues which are prevailing in industrialised timber housing. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the feasibility of modularity for building service systems within industrialised housing in Sweden. The thesis is based on two appended papers, discussing how modularity can be applied to industrialised housing, considering value generation and production control. The research strategy has been to follow previous case conclusions in the design of the next case. Empirical data have been gathered from five case studies ranging from a market survey to a consultant procurement. Five industrial housing companies have participated and data have also been collected from consultants and subcontractors. The results show that influence from traditional culture is particularly evident for the building service systems, as much work is still located on-site and actors in the supply chains act individually to optimise their own values, leading to lack of production control through e.g. faulty drawings. Further, the importance of cooperation within the trade is underlined in order to shield from the protectionism in the building service trade. The implication is the development of industry-wide common modules capturing internal values, and a company driven development process for management of company specific external values. The data have been analysed with a generic set of module drivers and the relation to value and production control, to identify forces for modular division. The findings point out the importance of drawing validation, possibility to isolate the process for parallel assembly and purchasing control through reduction of articles.The general conclusion is to design base module components only comprising necessary systems, which can be adapted to a generic building system. The suggestion is the development of a building service shaft and a building service inner ceiling. The analysis results emphasise the importance of interface design. In this sense are also included interfaces within the process and the supply chain, i.e. between activities and actors in the production process.
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36.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • PLM support for design platforms in industrialized house-building
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Construction Innovation. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1471-4175 .- 1477-0857. ; 23:2, s. 265-286
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PurposeThe purpose of this research is to support the customization ability for industrial house building companies striving to offer individualized products but with a strategy which includes a production facility. This is accomplished by analyzing the as-is state in terms of existing engineering assets and by proposing a to-be state using the design platform and product lifecycle management (PLM) support.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on design research methodology and collected data are in-depth interviews, document reviews and workshops and method development. The theoretical baseline is product platforms and the design platform.FindingsThe analysis showed that despite use of a platform, inherent assets are disorganized. Still, the identified object-based engineering assets were possible to include in a conceptual proposal for better management, both in the process and product view, using an asset relationship matrix and a PLM system.Practical implicationsThe results should be applicable for industrial house building and off-site construction companies and offers an approach to identify and manage their assets and platforms which are crucial to stay competitive.Originality/valuePrevious research on design platforms has focused on engineer-to-order companies within the mechanical industry. The contribution of this paper lies in the application and support of the design platform for industrial house building and the introduction of PLM system support.
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37.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Production control through modularisation
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Proceedings IGLC 17. ; , s. 453-464
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In Sweden, the industrial housing trade has developed for many years with the salient idea of improving production control through an increased level of prefabrication. However, production variability is a consistent issue as work is still sub-optimised, resulting in a fragmented production process. Consequently, problems arise when prefabricated parts and components are assembled. The building services are often a source of high variability (many different components and subcontractors), leading to reduced production control. The aim of this paper is to present how modularisations can provide prerequisites for production control in service system design.So far, modularisation has only rendered little attention in Lean construction. In this paper, a modularisation development effort of five Swedish industrial housing ompanies is reported. To generate a relevant set of modules, several workshops were held together with company representatives and building service consultants. The Design Structure Matrix (DSM) was used to detect the lowest common geometrical denominator of the building service systems as well as crucial connection points and interfaces. Combining the DSM with qualitative module drivers generates a design for service system modules facilitating improved production control.
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38.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Production resource management in the industrialised house-building supply chain
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management. - 2221-6529 .- 2223-8379. ; 2:2, s. 78-87
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrialised house-building suppliers must learn to see how the lack of resource management disrupt the synchronisation of their production processes both upstream (e.g. capability to forecast material consumption) and downstream (e.g. order delivery Just-in-Time). In contrast to focus on workflow as is more common in construction, Systematic Production Analysis (SPA) is a tool capable of providing a more robust production process in terms of better resource characterisation and predictability. A roadmap model, composed of six steps, has been developed for simple introduction of SPA. The model is a straightforward way of classifying the production system in terms of impacting resource and parameters attributing to production loss (scrap or downtime). The applicability of SPA is analysed through a pilot case study at a patio door manufacturer. Two main response parameters emerged related to scrap; surface and dimension errors of the work piece material (wood). An objective function was formulated to reduce the scrap without increasing the total cost of the work piece material. It was suggested that the case company evaluates Engineering Wood Products (EWP) leading to a more robust production process (less scrap), but in turn increasing the initial cost of the work piece material. Other potential measures are purchasing new processing tools, investing in new machinery or educating workers which all, directly or indirectly, lead to reduced scrap. Consequently, proper management of production resources will improve their predictability and in turn improve production control.
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39.
  • Lennartsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Step-by-step modularity – A roadmap for building service development
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Lean Construction Journal. - 1555-1369. ; 2010:1, s. 17-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Research Question/Hypothesis: Modularity in 3D can serve as a catalyst for change, towards a more industrial practice of building services in housing construction.Purpose: This paper explores and expands on Fines modularity model and demonstrates it with the development of building services in industrial housing.Research Design/Method: Empirical data were obtained from a joint product development initiative of a shaft and an inner ceiling, involving five industrial housing companies.Findings: The proposed framework is applicable in designing building service modules. The framework is applied by identifying and evaluating the key dimension (product, process or supply chain), followed by stepwise evaluation of the remaining dimensions. Limitations: The research considers development of building services in industrialised housing construction on the Swedish construction market.Implications: The research provides a roadmap for modularisation in construction, i.e. how to initiate a module development and how to analyse its potential. The methodology provides valuable insights in the complex building service trade.Value for practitioners: Experiences from an actual product development initiative in industrialised housing are presented, a process in which five companies jointly developed two building service modules. The roadmap works as an action plan, potentially applicable to other complex construction products/components.
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40.
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41.
  • Qu, Ying, et al. (författare)
  • Differential methylation in CN-AML preferentially targets non-CGI regions and is dictated by DNMT3A mutational status and associated with predominant hypomethylation of HOX genes
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Epigenetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1559-2294 .- 1559-2308. ; 9:8, s. 1108-1119
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The extent and role of aberrant DNA methylation in promoter CpG islands (CGIs) have been extensively studied in leukemia and other malignancies. Still, CGIs represent only a small fraction of the methylome. We aimed to characterize genome-wide differential methylation of cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) cells compared with normal CD34(+) bone marrow cells using the Illumina (R) 450K methylation array. Differential methylation in CN-AML was most prominent in genomic areas far from CGIs, in so called open sea regions. Furthermore, differential methylation was specifically found in genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), with WT1 being the most differentially methylated TF. Among genetic mutations in AML, DNMT3A mutations showed the most prominent association with the DNA methylation pattern, characterized by hypomethylation of CGIs (as compared with DNMT3A wild type cases). The differential methylation in DNMT3A mutant cells vs. wild type cells was predominantly found in HOX genes, which were hypomethylated. These results were confirmed and validated in an independent CN-AML cohort. In conclusion, we show that, in CN-AML, the most pronounced changes in DNA methylation occur in non-CGI regions and that DNMT3A mutations confer a pattern of global hypomethylation that specifically targets HOX genes.
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42.
  • Raudberget, Dag, et al. (författare)
  • A Study of the Application of Design Assets in Product Development
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Transdisciplinarity and the Future of Engineering. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643683386 - 9781643683393 ; , s. 24-32
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The introduction of product platforms has been acknowledged as a strategic enabler for increased business competitiveness. A vast body of research has described different aspects of platforms, but little work has been done on defining or delimiting the different types of elements that may build up a platform. Design assets include platform elements that are not commonly considered as a part of a platform. Previous research has suggested the introduction of formalized design assets to systematically extend an items-based platform with intangible elements. These are transdisciplinary objects, specifically prepared for reuse between projects to provide support for a wide range of engineering activities: specialized CAD geometry, working methods, spread sheets, function models or different types of knowledge representations, among others. The presented research is part of a larger project seeking to improve the collaboration between product development and manufacturing. This paper focuses on the use of potential and formal design assets at a development department of a global manufacturer of consumer products. The results show that the application of formal design assets depends on several factors, such as the level of professional experience and individual working styles. The contribution of the paper is a description of which formal and informal design assets that are used and a discussion on how the formal assets can be better utilized.
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43.
  • Raudberget, Dag, et al. (författare)
  • Developing agile platform assets : exploring ways to reach beyond modularisation at five product development companies
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Agile Systems and Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1741-9174 .- 1741-9182. ; 12:4, s. 311-331
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The use of a product platform has been acknowledged as a strategic enabler for product family development and mass customisation. However, many companies struggle with adopting the common platform approach building upon pre-defined modules and components as it constrains the fulfilment of unique customer requirements and a rapid introduction of new technologies. These are the conditions under which manufacturing companies acting as suppliers operates, where unique solutions are delivered to different business customers, market segments or brands. This work reports the results from case studies of platform development conducted in collaboration with five product developing and manufacturing companies. The focus of this paper is on their initial states; including how they work with their product concept before a development project is started, the character of requirements and the adoption of product platforms. The main contribution of this work is a presentation of criteria on, and identification of, new platform elements termed design assets. These are introduced as a means to enable diverse types of resources to be reused in a company and a pragmatic way to bridge the gap between the physical products and the knowledge, tools and methods needed to realise these.
  •  
44.
  • Raudberget, Dag, et al. (författare)
  • The use of design assets as potential platform elements in two manufacturing disciplines
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Leveraging transdisciplinary engineering in a changing and connected world. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643684406 - 9781643684413 ; , s. 102-111
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A vast body of research has described product platforms as strategic enablers for increased business competitiveness, but there is a lack of empirical research describing what types of assets that are used in industry as elements in a platform. Previous research has suggested a platform as a “collection of assets shared by a group of products” and also classified these assets into four transdisciplinary categories: Components, Processes, Knowledge and People and Relationships. This categorization is, however, too imprecise to identify the core assets needed to build a platform, and better guidance is needed. This paper presents a cross-case study of assets used in the product development process at two case companies. These represent two different product disciplines: Industrialized housebuilding, a sector within the construction trade, and Outdoor Power Equipment producing forest and gardening tools. The main contribution of the paper is a comparison of what formal and informal design assets that are used in the two disciplines.
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45.
  • Thajudeen, Shamnath, et al. (författare)
  • A Framework Supporting Mixed Production Strategies in Platform Development : A Case Study in Post and Beam Building
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings. - Glasgow, UK : Association of Researchers in Construction Management. ; , s. 93-102
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrialised house building (IHB) design incurs complexities as extensive engineering are required due to high customisation. Companies use different production strategies (PS) to develop building components ranging from standardised to customised depending on the requirements. Platform-based product development has received increased attention from IHB companies striving to be competitive in the industry. However, strategies for platform development supporting the design process are not well-defined for companies using a combination of PS in their development. This study proposes a framework using different PS in the development of a product platform to support the design phase of the post and beam IHB system. Empirical data were gathered from a Swedish multistorey house building company. The main contribution of this study is to provide insights into production strategies while designing components. Moreover, the case is used to exemplify how different subcomponents of the building system can be classified into production strategies and facilitate postponement of strategies to achieve platformbased development. The potential application of different support tools and methods in incremental platform development has been presented.
  •  
46.
  • Thajudeen, Shamnath (författare)
  • A product platform approach to support the design phase of industrialised house building : A framework conceptualisation when using mixed production strategies
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The ability to offer unique solutions that meet customer demands has been considered a competitive advantage in the industrialised house building (IHB) industry. However, IHB companies are struggling due to varying customer needs and the simultaneous need to fulfil legal regulations, market demands, and production constraints. This has forced companies to develop unique solutions for every housing project to satisfy individual requirements, which automatically drives them to follow an engineer-to-order (ETO)-based strategy. The high involvement of customers in the design process results in the need for considerable engineering activities to validate and adjust to the customer demands, thereby providing individualised solutions. Moreover, designers adopt different production strategies based on the degree of pre-engineering. Product platform approaches have been acknowledged as one of the prominent means to improve both internal and external efficiencies. However, the use of traditional platform-based strategies does not suffice for the design of ETO-based components in an IHB system. A systematic approach is required to align the product platform and different production strategies so that customer requirements can be easily managed. Thus, this research aims to outline the means to support the design phase of IHB by applying a product platform approach when using a mixed production strategy.A Swedish multi-storey house building company that uses a glulam-based post and beam building system was used as the main case in this research. Empirical data were collected mainly from interviews, observations, workshops, and document analysis. This research proposes a framework for the systematic development and use of the product platform by following an inductive approach. Further, a parametric design platform method is proposed to achieve a platform-based development for ETO-based components by identifying, formalising, and reusing the design assets. The findings reveal how the transition of production strategies can be managed with supporting tools and methods. Moreover, this thesis emphasizes the importance of adopting the design for manufacturing and assembly (DfMA) in IHB. In addition, the research contributes to the existing knowledge on product platforms in IHB by providing the context of mixed production strategies and best practices to improve the IHB design process.
  •  
47.
  • Thajudeen, Shamnath, et al. (författare)
  • Applying a DFMA Approach in the Redesign of Steel Bracket - a Case Study in Post and Beam System
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC), Edmonton, Canada, July 25-31, 2022. - : International Group for Lean Construction. ; , s. 564-575
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Design for manufacturing and assembly (DfMA) has gained increased attention in the construction industry as the process has been industrialized and shifting towards a combination of factory prefabrication and assembly on site. The aim of this study is two-fold. Firstly, to apply the DfMA approach in the redesign of a steel bracket from a post and beam building system to simplify the design for reducing the cost and improving manufacturability. Secondly, to experimentally evaluate the mechanical properties of the redesigned bracket for implementation. An experimental case study has been conducted in a multistorey post and beam building system. The empirical data were collected from five semi-structured interviews and two workshops.The result shows that the DfMA approach has the potential to improve the manufacturability and cost of building components in Industrialized house building (IHB) and is comparable to lean design. Moreover, the proposed steel bracket offers satisfactory load-bearing capacities and shows an improvement with a reduction of cost by 15%, lead time by 50%, and material efficiency by 25%. DFMA can be used as a promising approach for aligning the design phases of IHB with the production and assembly by improving cross-functional collaboration.
  •  
48.
  • Thajudeen, Shamnath, et al. (författare)
  • Challenges and critical success factors for the design phase in Swedish industrialised house building
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 35th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2019, Leeds, UK. - : Association of Researchers in Construction Management (ARCOM). - 9780995546349 ; , s. 34-43
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The house building industry has been characterised as less productive compared to the manufacturing industry with numerous and challenging activities including a complex integration process. For the last 20 years, industrialised house building has gained increased research and industry attention and is identified as a potential way to improve the overall house building productivity. In the overall process, the design phase has been identified as the bottleneck with several disciplines which have to be coordinated to generate a design solution that meets various customer and market requirements. Many aspects of a building's performance depend on the decisions taken in the early design process. These decisions can have a substantial impact on the overall design, lead time, cost and quality of the final product. However, there are many other important factors which need to be considered by designers during the design phase. Less attention has been paid to the identification of these factors within the design phase of the industrialised house building. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to identify challenges and outline the critical success factors to be considered in the design phase of the Swedish industrialised house building. Qualitative research was conducted in combination with literature reviews and multiple case studies linking three Swedish house building companies. Empirical data were gathered from 20 semi-structured interviews. The study identified common challenges in the house building industry and 20 critical factors that should be addressed in the design phase from both literature and practitioners view. The result shows that fixed production is crucial for identifying the critical factors rather than a building system. Also, many challenges identified from this study could be managed by developing a platform-based approach with support tools and methods for critical factors in the design phase.
  •  
49.
  • Thajudeen, Shamnath, et al. (författare)
  • Expanding the building system into a product platform for improved design and manufacture – A case study in industrialised house-building
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: SPS2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681467 - 9781643681474 ; , s. 346-357
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrialised house builders in Sweden have been challenged to meet the demand for housing solutions as the population has increased at a faster rate. As a result, the housing industry is currently faced with objectives to improve productivity and internal efficiency while also controlling the production cost of houses without compromising external efficiency. To remain competitive, many companies developed own building system (BS) based on fixed or partially fixed production systems with different prefabrication techniques. The challenges remain in the design phase and proper methods and tools are required to manage it. In many industries, the product platform approach has been used as a means to achieve both internal and external efficiency. However, little attention has been paid in relating the platform approach to building system support in the design phase of Industrialised house building (IHB). Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of the industrialised house building system and outline design support solutions for the building system from a product platform approach. Qualitative research was conducted by linking a single case company working with post and beam building system in combination with a literature review. Empirical data were gathered from five semi-structured interviews and two workshop sections. A cause-effect analysis has been conducted to realize the potential causes of challenges in the design process. The result illustrates a methodology with principle solutions that can be used as design support for the case company as a path forward and improve further from a product platform perspective.
  •  
50.
  • Thajudeen, Shamnath, et al. (författare)
  • Identification of challenges and success factors in industrialised house building design
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. - : ICE Publishing. - 1751-4304 .- 1751-4312. ; 175:1, s. 27-37
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The transformation from a traditional to an industrialised house building system requires a strong focus on the design phase, as several factors must be considered and the decisions taken impact both productivity and the value created for customers. The main purpose of this study is to explore the existing challenges and outline the critical success factors to be considered in the design phase of industrialised house building. A multiple-case study was conducted by linking five Swedish timber-based house building companies using different building systems. Empirical data were gathered from 27 semi-structured interviews. The findings contribute to an increased understanding of the existing challenges and knowledge on the critical success factors in the design phase by classifying them into internal and external factors. Moreover, the building system is considered a bridge linking both, and these factors can be used as a decision making support tool for the evaluation and validation of the design solution. Therefore, individual support for the prioritised factors is critical for achieving an efficient design process. The results show that fixed production, not the building system, is crucial for identifying success factors. Finally, manufacturability and assembly factors were identified as prioritised and generally important factors in industrialised building.
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