| 1. |
- Leonardsson, Hanna, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Achieving peaceful climate change adaptation through transformative governance
- 2021
-
Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Which form of governance is required to bridge tensions that stem from the urgent need of climate change adaptation (CCA) on the one hand, and the imperative of upholding peace and social stability in vulnerable areas on the other? This article proposes transformative governance as a framework and methodology for addressing this question. It recognizes that the increased pace of climate change requires urgent and thorough adjustments to actual or expected climate change effects through a transformation of societies to increase their capacity to build sustainability. Our framework for transformative governance approach responds to this imperative and is based on three components: a theoretical framework for peaceful CCA governance derived from the fields of sustainability governance, political ecology and peacebuilding, second, a ‘glocal’ and bottom-up approach illustrated by two examples of cross-border collaboration, that demonstrate peaceful CCA governance as necessarily glocal, thirdly a learning methodology that implies context-based, goal-oriented, pluralistic and interactive co-production of knowledge. These are argued to be vital conditions for implementing CCA governance that is transformative and supports peaceful societies.
|
|
| 2. |
- Leonardsson, Hanna, 1984
(författare)
-
Between Diversity and Unity: Young Lebanese Visions of Legitimate Social and Political Systems 20 Years after Civil War
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Peace, Conflict and Development. - 1742-0601. ; :17, s. 102-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two decades have passed since the end of the Lebanese civil war. The young generation has not experienced war but the social and political system in which they live is still influenced by the power-sharing mechanisms that ended the war. Power-sharing mechanisms protect the Lebanese diversity but further divide society along sectarian lines and affect the possibility of building a united society. In this article the visions of Lebanese university students are analysed to reveal what social and political systems they consider legitimate for Lebanon. The article argues that the current power-sharing system can remain legitimate since it provides security, which is crucial for the acceptance of the system. At the same time a united Lebanese identity is preferred by all students. By juxtaposing power-sharing democracy with a society of conviviality this article uncovers several dilemmas for post-conflict societies. The article concludes that to establish long-term peace the social and political systems cannot be viewed separately but must be analysed in relation to each other.
|
|
| 3. |
- Leonardsson, Hanna, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Local Initiatives: Factors in and Lessons for Sustainable Development
- 2022
-
Ingår i: UI Papers. ; 3, s. 1-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reviews scholarly literature on local initiatives for sustainable development, exploring how such initiatives succeed and become part of a wider societal transformation towards sustainability. Five factors are highlighted: capacity and learning; flexibility and profitability; solidarity and autonomy, support and access, and networks. Drawing on these factors the paper emphasizes the importance of understanding the linkages between local initiatives and the outside world; that knowledge and different types of knowledge matter; and, that a holistic approach to sustainable development is of importance.
|
|
| 4. |
- Leonardsson, Hanna, 1984
(författare)
-
Navigating "the local". Municipal engagement in Lebanese local peacebuilding
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The last decade or so, there has been an increasing disappointment in and critique towards the way peace is built. As peacebuilding is critiqued for being too shallow, too centralised and neglecting local contexts, “the local turn in peacebuilding” has increasingly gained ground, stressing that peacebuilding requires locally embedded practices and space for local agency. Through an empirical study of three Lebanese municipalities, the aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the role of local governments in local peacebuilding within a world that is globally connected but which increasingly pays attention to the particular. Taking the local turn seriously, this thesis analyses three peacebuilding functions that incorporate core ideas of the local peacebuilding literature. First, service-delivery highlights the need to satisfy local needs in order to address grievances and discontent. Second, citizen-local state interactions emphasise the need to include the local population in order to build meaningful and locally grounded peace. Third, vertical relationships emphasise the interconnections between different actors on different levels that allow local governments to play a role in building peace. Analysing the peacebuilding functions through the perceptions of local government officials and local stakeholders, the thesis asks, how can we understand the role of Lebanese municipalities in local peacebuilding? Overall, the study deepens our understanding of the role of local governments in local peacebuilding in post-conflict contexts. In particular, the study emphasises the need for contextualising peacebuilding and highlights that “the local” is also a political and dynamic space. Thus, in Lebanon, the local government is understood as one actor in local peacebuilding, but an actor that gains its importance depending on the local context at hand and its connections to local, national and global arenas.
|
|
| 5. |
- Leonardsson, Hanna, 1984
(författare)
-
Navigating the local. Politics of peacebuilding in Lebanese municipalities
- 2023
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How is peace built at the local level? Covering three Lebanese municipalities with striking sectarian diversity, Saida, Bourj Hammoud and Tyre, this book investigates the ways in which local service delivery, local interactions and vertical relationships matter in building peace. Using the stories and experiences of municipal councillors, employees and civil society actors, it illustrates how local activities and agencies are performed and what it means for local peace in Lebanon. Through its analysis, the book illustrates what the practice of peacebuilding can look like at the local level and the wider lessons, both practical and theoretical, that can be drawn from it.
|
|
| 6. |
- Leonardsson, Hanna, 1984
(författare)
-
Peace Through Violence and Violence Through Peace: Peacebuilding Practices and a Conflictual Peace in Lebanon
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Geopolitics. - 1465-0045.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on peace has been filled with notions of peacebuilding in crisis or creating more problems than it solves. However, as peacebuilding is critiqued for not fulfilling its promises, the nuances of peace and violence present in peacebuilding practices are often left ignored. Arguing that peace is a continuum of peace and violence seen by understanding peace as embodied, spatial, and political, the article analyses peacebuilding practices creating a conflictual Lebanese peace. The article looks closer at three such practices: service provision, local interactions, and Lebanese local governance. Through empirical material, the article illustrates how service provision, local interactions and local governance are performed through power relations sustaining a continuum of peace and violence. As such, the article argues that rather than a continuum between peace and violence, Lebanese peacebuilding is a simultaneous process of peace and violence. This questions the assumed opposition between violence and peace and claims that by emphasising peace as embodied, situated, and political we can discern different peace(s) more peaceful for some than others.
|
|
| 7. |
- Leonardsson, Hanna, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
The ‘local turn’ in peacebuilding: a literature review of effective and emancipatory local peacebuilding
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Third World Quarterly. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-6597 .- 1360-2241. ; 36:5, s. 825-839
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is a literature review of the current local turn in peacebuilding. After a short introduction on the origins of ‘the local’ in peacebuilding, it gives an overview of current research and policy debates on the issue along two different lines. First, it emphasises the local in peacebuilding as a measure to increase peacebuilding effectiveness, as explored in the literature on the benefits of decentralisation and local governments for peace, as well as in the debates on local capacity and ownership as essential parts of peacebuilding policy. Second, it focuses on the local in peacebuilding as a means of emancipation and inclusion of local agency, expressed partly through the emphasis on voices from below and partly within the critical approaches to how the local has been interpreted in peacebuilding so far, arguing for a peacebuilding that is essentially local.
|
|
| 8. |
- Leonardsson, Hanna, 1984
(författare)
-
Vertical Relationships and Local Peacebuilding in Lebanon: The Case of Responsive Waste Management
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Peacebuilding and Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1542-3166 .- 2165-7440. ; 15:2, s. 219-234
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing understanding that vertical relationships matter for peacebuilding efforts that respond to local needs. There is little consensus, however, on how to study verticality in peacebuilding empirically. This article asks how we can understand responsiveness to needs through vertical relationships in post-conflict spaces. To answer this question, the article develops an analytical framework of vertical relationships as a peacebuilding function. Arguing that responsiveness to needs is a critical factor in building a legitimate peace, the article applies this framework to the case of municipal waste management during the waste crisis in Lebanon in 2015. Building on 31 interviews in two Lebanese municipalities, the article illustrates the complexity of vertical relationships in a post-conflict space. It concludes that vertical relationships enable responsiveness to needs by drawing on political belonging, thus promoting a fragile peacebuilding dependent on national political divides. © The Author(s) 2020.
|
|
| 9. |
- Leonardsson, Hanna, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Whose voice matters for what? Inclusion in local decision-making in Kenya and Lebanon
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research report compares how local inclusion and participation is connected to citizen influence in two post-conflict societies. This report highlight the special circumstances in a society with experience of armed conflict and deep societal divides. While inclusion is crucial to local democracy, this research also shows the risk of perpetuating conflictual divides. It warns against taking inclusion and participation at face value, and encourages deep context analysis and special attention to marginalised groups at the local level. This report describes in detail the two contexts and compares their respective political systems of inclusion and participation. See the associated policy brief for a shorter version focusing on policy recommendations.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Senit, Carole-Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Inclusiveness
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Political Impact of the Sustainable Development Goals Transforming Governance Through Global Goals?. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9781009082945
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 12. |
- Öjendal, Joakim, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction–Peacebuilding Amidst Violence : Introduction
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1750-2977 .- 1750-2985. ; 15:3, s. 269-288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a literature-reviewing and conceptualizing article introducing a Special Issue that is addressing the broad field of ‘peacebuilding amidst violence’. We take as a point of departure that peacebuilding (as we know it) is widely failing to deliver on its promises. Moreover, the atypical nature and persistence of violence in post-war phases are further undermining the prospect of linear transition from war to peace as typically expected in peacebuilding ventures. We extend, however, our argument and claim that in spite of creative ‘turns’, the concept has exhausted its adaptive capacity, and both conceptually and empirically has few options left. We investigate the three possible, as we see it, remaining options, which all include paradigmatic changes, namely the closure of, the refusal of the failure of, and the re-enacting of, peacebuilding. Although the ‘re-enacting’ is the preferred way forward for the authors of this introductory article, it rather opens up for the ensuing articles presented in the issue than concludes of the desirability and feasibility of that path.
|
|
| 13. |
- Öjendal, Joakim, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
Local Peacebuilding - Challenges and Opportunities
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Peacebuilding is at a crossroads. While it is one of the most important instruments for addressing crisis and fragility, it is also persistently criticised. Chiefly the critique focuses on a past record where peacebuilding efforts have been too superficial, and with a number of recurring conflicts taking place. International interventions – from large scale UN missions to bilateral projects and programmes – often operate at the national level of the state and omit to include a wider range of local level actors. Thus, peacebuilding can become disconnected from local realities and suffer in terms of quality and legitimacy. In this EBA report, Joakim Öjendal, Hanna Leonardsson and Martin Lundqvist review the conventional peacebuilding formula and the critique that has come to be known as ‘the local turn of peacebuilding’. The authors unpack the meaning of local peacebuilding through a review of literature and practice, drawing on experiences from Cambodia, Liberia, Somaliland and Rwanda. The report is a timely contribution to an emergent assessment of peacebuilding aims and methods. Recent reviews by the UN highlight the importance of local processes, noting that attempts to rebuild or extend central authority in fragmented societies can actually lead to a deepening of conflict. The Agenda 2030, in particular Goal 16, draw our attention to the importance of capacity development at all levels of the state, while the collection of works from the Doing Development Differently community strongly argues for a 'localisation’ of aid and peacebuilding. Peacebuilding is also a cornerstone of Swedish development assistance and the Government’s Aid Policy Framework identifies conflict as the main detrimental factor to development. Roughly one third of all Swedish bilateral aid is directed to conflict and post-conflict settings. The Stockholm Declaration, from the International Dialogue co-chaired by Sweden, emphasizes that any strategy for supporting transitions out of fragility must be locally driven, locally owned, and locally led. Yet, despite the emergent recognition that peacebuilding must take place at different levels of the society there are few strategies on how to ‘do’ local peacebuilding. If we should take the imperative of going beyond the national level seriously, it means that we must also understand what local peacebeuilding looks like, how it works, and how it can be supported and promoted. At the same time, it is important to acknowledge the limitations on outside support to the local level, not least from a safety and security perspective. Another constraint is the risk of local peacebuilding coming at odds with international aims and objectives – for instance, on the inclusion of women in peacebuilding processes. Concentrating on the local level is not a panacea to the challenges confronting peacebuilding, and not all actors at the local level are committed to building a peaceful society. Mindful of these challenges, Öjendal, Leonardsson and Lundqvist put forward nine policy recommendations to help peacebuilders ‘take a local turn’. Some recommendations may serve as signposts for a general re-alignment of peacebuilding – for example, when the authors suggest that peacebuilding should plan more conciously for local level engagement already from the start, and allow local actors to be involved in formulating policies that concern them. Other recommendations deal with peacebuilding capabilities, encouraging international actors to invest in continuous learning processes and a more resilient risk management so that peacebuilding interventions can make many ‘smaller bets’ at the local level instead of a few large- scale national programmes. To build on, to synthesise and to make accessible results from previous research, in order to improve the management and development of Swedish aid, is at the heart of EBA's remit. It is my hope that this report will stimulate debate and contribute to the improvement of policy and practice, making peacebuilding more ‘fit for purpose’. The authors’ work has been conducted in dialogue with a reference group chaired by Malin Mobjörk, member of the EBA. The analysis, views and recommendations presented in the report are the sole responsibility of the authors. Stockholm, April 2017 Gun Britt Andersson
|
|
