| 1. |
- Bundred, Nigel J, et al.
(författare)
-
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition does not improve the reduction in ductal carcinoma in situ proliferation with aromatase inhibitor therapy: results of the ERISAC randomized placebo-controlled trial.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 16:5, s. 1605-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tamoxifen reduces risk of recurrence after breast conservation surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), but no data exists on the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitors for DCIS. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in DCIS, representing another potential therapeutic target. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of aromatase and/or COX-2 inhibition on epithelial proliferation and apoptosis in a presurgical study of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive DCIS. Methods: Postmenopausal women with ER-positive DCIS diagnosed by core biopsy were randomized to a 2 x 2 design of either 14 days of exemestane or placebo and celecoxib, or placebo immediately before surgery. Paired baseline and end point biopsies were analyzed for proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), COX-2, and progesterone receptor (PR) expression by immunohistochemistry. The primary end point was a decrease in Ki67 between diagnosis and surgical excision.
|
|
| 2. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
-
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study using Mind-Body Interventions among Refugees in Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. - : University of Buckingham Press. - 2043-7730 .- 2043-7749. ; 9:3, s. 19-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Migration is one of the major challenges of the 21st century with many refugees being victims of torture and experiencing war and the collapse of their society. Sweden, for example, received about 169,520 refugees during 2015 and 20–30% of them were estimated to suffer from mental illness. Nevertheless, research shows that about 66.40% of refugees never reveal their traumatic experiences to a doctor and a majority refuse psychiatric help. Hence, we need innovative methods to promote the physical, mental, and social health of refugees. Objective: We examined the effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching (i.e., a biopsychosocial approach to coaching) and Well-Being Spa (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on the personality and health of a sample of refugees living in Sweden. Methodology: Participants were recruited as part of a health and employment project in Blekinge, Sweden. A total of 70 Syrian refugees were randomly assigned to a six-month intervention comprising either Well-Being Coaching, or Well-Being Spa, or both (i.e., Mind–Body). The participants reported personality (temperament and character), well-being (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and harmony in life), and ill-being (defeat and entrapment, and anxiety and depression) at the beginning and at the end of the six-month intervention period. Results: Participants assigned to the Well-Being Coaching intervention showed increases in self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.84), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.36), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.43), and life satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 0.56), and decreases in both negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.38) and defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.89). Participants assigned to the Well-Being Spa intervention showed decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.55), reward dependence (Cohen’s d = 0.69), negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.82), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.53), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.34), and external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.42). Participants assigned to the Mind–Body intervention showed significant decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.47), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.61), depression (Cohen’s d = 0.34), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.56), external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.44), and internal entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.79) and increases in persistence (Cohen’s d = 0.27), self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.28), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.43), self-transcendence (Cohen’s d = 0.51), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.42), and harmony in life (Cohen’s d = 0.36). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that Well-Being Coaching strengthens refugees’ character, while the Well-Being Spa treatments reduced participants’ tendency to worry and anxiety. Finally, the combination of these two interventions seems to promote the development of health-related traits, reduce ill-health, and stress, and increase well-being in a wider biopsychosocial perspective.
|
|
| 3. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
-
Increases in character development, resilience, and well-being among participants in Anthropedia's well-being coaching training
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 30th APS Annual Convention. San Francisco, CA, USA: 24-27 May 2018.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examined the impacts of the year-long, 270-hour, Anthropedia Well-Being Coaching Training on character development, health, and resilience. There was a significant increase in subjective well-being, and character development including self-acceptance, empathy, moral reasoning, and self-transcendence as a whole as measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).
|
|
| 4. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
-
The Health Effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching: A 6-Month Pilot Study Among Long-Term Unemployment Swedish Young Adults
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years Sweden had an increased number of asylum seekers entering the country. Asylum seeking can affect the physical and mental health of individuals due to prolonged application processes and waiting times which can lead to inactivity. Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors leading to noncommunicable diseases and overall mortality. The Public Health Report Blekinge 2014 states that groups with low socioeconomic status are less likely to be physically active in comparison with groups with a high socioeconomic status. Physical activity contributes to physical and mental well-being, and increases the possibilities for creating social networks as well as being part of the society. The project “Health for Everybody” (Hälsa för Alla) offers physical and cultural activities to approximately 300 refugees who have been granted asylum in the Blekinge region. The activities are conducted with the help of physical trainers, testing staff and community workers. In its current format each group of 20 to 30 refugees is offered training once a week for a 10-week period. The participants’ physical and psychological health and lifestyle habits are measured before and after the program through bioimpedance, physical conditioning tests and self-reports of psychological aspects related to health and lifestyle. We examined the health effects of cultural activities and Well-Being Coaching among long-term unemployed Swedish young adults. While individuals receiving cultural activities only showed a slight decrease in anxiety, those receiving Well-Being Coaching showed significant increases in subjective well-being and decreases in depression, anxiety, and sense of defeat and entrapment.
|
|
| 5. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
-
Well-Being Coaching Training: Character, Resilience and Well-Being
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 9th European Conference on Positive Psychology. Budapest, Hungary.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The level of stress in the 21st century is increasing the risk for lifestyle and stress-related illness in all populations, including health care professionals who have the double burden of their personal problems and those of their patients. Between 2009 and 2014, psychiatric diagnoses, including burnout, have doubled in health care populations like nurses, doctors, and psychotherapists [1]. In order to help others, health care professionals have the need of a variety of tools and approaches to work on their own resilience, health, and well-being. The Anthropedia Foundation in collaboration with the Center for Well-Being at Washington University in St. Louis developed a specialized training that is person-centered, interdisciplinary, and biopsychosocial in orientation. This training can be integrated into existing professions or used independently. The training program has been designed to increase three character dimensions (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) that have been shown to lead to increases in physical and mental health, resilience, and overall well-being [2-4]. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether well-being training was effective in increasing character scores in the training participants. Method: 50 trainees were given the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Temperament and Character Inventory before and after the one-year training. Paired t-tests were performed to examine significant differences. Results: Analyses showed significant differences in the Temperament and Character Inventory subscales of self-acceptance (t = 2.2, df = 49, p < .05, Cohen’s D = 0.77), empathy (t = 2.6, df = 49, p < .05, Cohen’s D = 0.90), moral reasoning (t = 3.17, df = 49, p < .01, Cohen’s D = 1.11), and the scale of self-transcendence (t = 2.98, df = 49, p < .01, Cohen’s D = 1.04). There was a marginal increase in positive emotions (t = 1.18, df = 49, p < .05) and life satisfaction (t = 1.57, df = 49, p < .05), and a marginal decrease in negative emotions (t = 1.26, df = 49, p < .05). Conclusions: Results suggest that the training methodology increased subjective well-being, as well as self-directedness (self-acceptance), cooperativeness (empathy and moral reasoning), and self-transcendence. Cross-cultural studies on these character dimensions have demonstrated strong relationships between increases in character development and perceived social support, perceived health, and resilience [2-4]. In other words, the well-being coaching training increases sustainable global health, resilience and psychological well-being, and not simply hedonic well-being. The coaching is more intensive since it is one-on-one, thus we expect the effect on subjective well-being and character to be even greater for coachees.
|
|
| 6. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
A Pilot Study on Newly Graduated Nurses' Personal Vulnerability for Burnout
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 31st Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Washington, D.C., USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nurses’ work is characterized by overload and hard decisions. Despite 80% of new ly graduated nurses being socially warm and dedicated, 72.97% lacked purpose and meaning and felt ineffective and disconnected from the rest of the world. Moreover, 51.70% had a personality profile with high risk for burnout and ill-being.
|
|
| 7. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
A Pilot Study on Resilience (Harm Avoidance, Persistence, and Self-directedness) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Resilient profile is low in Harm Avoidance (i.e., relaxed, confident, and optimistic) and high in Persistence (i.e., industrious, perseverant, and hard-working) and Self-Directedness (i.e., responsible, reliable, self-acceptant, goal-oriented, and resourceful). We found that, compared to the general population, only 6.90% of Swedish newly graduated nurses had a resilient profile.
|
|
| 8. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
A Pilot Study on Temperament (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, and Reward Dependence) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One factor for burnout vulnerability among nurses is their temperament profile. Compared to the general population, about 80% of Swedish newly graduated nurses were sentimental, warm, dedicated, attached, and dependent (i.e., high Reward Dependence) and 50% were worrying, pessimistic, doubtful, shy and low in energy (i.e., high Harm Avoidance).
|
|
| 9. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperativeness
- 2017
-
Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cooperativeness (concept of relations with others) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait is a measure of how well people get along with others, that is, tolerance, helpfulness, empathy, compassion, and social principles (Cloninger, 2004).
|
|
| 10. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamics of Temperament and Character Profiles among Swedish Osteopathic Patients
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 28th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigated the relationship between temperament and character profiles within Swedish osteopathic patients. The results suggest, for example, that patients with an “Explosive” or “Methodical” temperament profile might need to address aspects related to self-control and/or spirituality to make self-directed choices to improve their own health.
|
|
| 11. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of Six Months of Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body Interventions among Refugees in Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: XXXII International Congress of Psychology, Prague, Czech Republic..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Research shows that there is a high prevalence of trauma-related disorders among refugees. Nevertheless, about 66.40% of refugees never reveal their traumatic experiences to a doctor and a majority refuse psychiatric help (Holmström, 2015). We evaluated the health effects of Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body interventions (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on Swedish Refugees. Method A total of 70 refugees, mostly from Syria, underwent the 6-month intervention. At both the beginning and the end of the intervention, participants responded to measures of personality (e.g., temperament and character), well-being (e.g., affect, life satisfaction) and ill-being (e.g., defeat and entrapment, and anxiety and depression). Results At baseline, the refugees showed relatively good levels of well-being, but high levels of anxiety and depression. After the intervention, we found significant reductions in Harm Avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.39), Defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.55), Internal Entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.47), and Anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.42). In addition, we found significant increases in Self-Directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.28) and positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.40). Conclusions: The six-month intervention succeeded in helping refugees regulate their nervous system, expressed by the temperament trait of Harm Avoidance as fear of uncertainty, quick fatigability, and pessimistic worry about future problems. In addition, negative cognitions like feeling defeated and entrapped in life and anxiety symptoms were reduced after the intervention. Last but not the least, the positive affect of refugees increased as measured by self-determination, self-sufficiency, self-acceptance, and a sense of responsibility (i.e., the character trait of Self-Directedness).
|
|
| 12. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Interaction of Health-Related Personality Profiles (Temperament and Character) in Patients
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Evidence Live 16, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A patient's personality is the result of the dynamic interaction of a complex non-linear biopsychosocial system and the external environment to which she/he is continuously adapting to. This interaction is what leads the person to make self-directed choices for her/his well-being, for example, avoiding overeating or smoking. We investigated how temperament profiles are related to character profiles among Swedish osteopathic patients (N = 524). Personality was measured using theTemperament and Character Inventory Revised. The patients' temperament profiles were constructed by dividing their scores in high and low (N = high novelty seeking, n = low novelty seeking, H = high harm avoidance, h = low harm avoidance, R = high reward dependence; r = low reward dependence): NHR "Sensitive", NHr "Explosive", NhR "Passionate", Nhr "Adventurous", nHR "Cautious", nHr "Methodical", nhR "Reliable", nhr "Independent". The character profiles were constructed in the same way (S = high self-directedness, C = high cooperativeness, T = high self-transcendence; s = low self- directedness, c = low cooperativeness, t = low self-transcendence): SCT "Creative", SCt "Organized", ScT "Fanatical", Sct "Autocratic", sCT "Moody", sCt "Dependent", scT "Disorganized", sct "Depressive". We compared temperament and character profiles to see whether there was an agreement between the different combinations of personality dimensions using an exact cell-wise analysis. The results showed, for example, that a "Disorganized" character profile was typical for both an "Explosive" (Chi2=13.06, p<.001) and a "Methodical" (Chi2=6.89, p<.01) temperament profile. Suggesting that health issues in patients with any of these temperament profiles need to address aspects related to the self and others (e.g., self-control, empathy). However, both of these temperament profiles were also typical for the "Depressive" character profile (Chi2=3.23, p<.05 and Chi2=15.03, p<.001, respectively). That is, some patients with these temperament profiles might also need to address aspects related to spirituality to improve their health. The understanding of the person in front might be facilitated by a systematic paradigm that explains personality as an adaptive complex biopsychosociospiritual system. For example, patients with an "Explosive" and/or "Methodical" temperament profile might need to address aspects related to self-control, empathy and/or spirituality to make self-directed choices to improve their own health.
|
|
| 13. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Personality and the Brain: Person-Centered Approaches
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Personality and Brain Disorders: Associations and Interventions. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319900650 ; , s. 3-24
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human personality has been defined as the dynamic organization, within an individual, of psychobiological systems that modulate adaptation to a changing environment (Cloninger, Svrakic, & Przybeck, 1993). In this Chapter, we briefly outline the ancestral lineage of human beings as five major transitions and then describe how human personality has evolved through three major systems of learning and memory in a long series of steps through evolution. The first one is the procedural system, which regulates different emotional responses such as anger, fear, disgust, and ambition, that is, the temperament dimensions of personality. The second system, the propositional system, is present in primates and helps the individual to be self-directed and cooperative in a social environment. The third system, the episodic system, exists only among humans and stands for humans’ capacity for self-awareness, which allows introspection and recollection of autobiographical memories. The second and third systems are responsible for the presence the character dimensions of personality, which can be defined as individual differences in values, goals and self-conscious emotions (e.g., hope, love, and faith). Importantly, character regulates the expression of temperament predispositions, so character is the regulator of well-being regardless of underlying temperament. But the person needs to learn to know and understand her whole being (i.e., temperament and character) to integrate them in order to promote resilience and well-being. Thus, we also present the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and also discuss how interactions between traits within the individual serve as a good description, measurement and base for dialogue in person-centered approaches.
|
|
| 14. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-directedness
- 2017
-
Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-directedness (self-concept) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait involves a person’s sense of responsibility, hopeful purpose, self-acceptance, self-actualization, and resourcefulness (Cloninger, 2004).
|
|
| 15. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-transcendence
- 2017
-
Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-transcendence (concept of our participation in the world as a whole) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait is a measure of how well people identify themselves as an integral part of the universe as a whole and their experience of something elevated that goes beyond ourselves, that is, self-forgetfulness, transpersonal identification, spiritual acceptance, contemplation, idealism (Cloninger, 2004).
|
|
| 16. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Synergetic Effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body Interventions on Refugees’ Health
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We evaluated the effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body interventions (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on health among a sample of refugees living in Sweden. While each intervention increased well-being and reduced ill-being respectively, the combination had a wider biopsychosocial effect on health.
|
|
| 17. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an instrument for personality assessment that was developed by C. Robert Cloninger to provide a comprehensive biopsychosocial model of personality as it develops within individuals (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). It deconstructs personality into seven dimensions that vary widely in the general population, rather than focusing only on pathology or abnormal traits (Cloninger, 2004). Nevertheless, it was designed to be equally applicable to clinical populations without being stigmatizing or pathologizing. The TCI is based on a biopsychosocial model of complex interactions among genetic, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual constructs, rather than assuming that personality can be decomposed into independent dimensions (Cloninger & Cloninger, 2011; Cloninger & Garcia, 2015).
|
|
| 18. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
The Future of Personality Research and Applications: Some Latest Findings
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Personality and Brain Disorders: Associations and Interventions. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319900650 ; , s. 283-297
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human personality, although highly complex, is crucial to understand because it is the strongest predictor of our physical, mental, and social health as well as the actual cause of most mortality and chronic disease. However, despite the fact that earlier twin studies have found that the differences between people in personality are about 50% heritable, until recently only about 1% of this heritability has been explained by specific genes. Here we briefly outline current notions about the genetics of personality and also describe recent research that used novel and innovative person-centered methods to identify nearly all the genes for human personality. This international collaboration among 27 investigators at multiple sites comprised data from the Young Finns Study in Finland with independent replications in Germany and Korea (Zwir et al., 2018ab). In short, these results now make it possible to understand the basic mechanisms that influence our emotions as well as the way we can self-regulate our feelings, goals, and values in order to live healthy and satisfying lives. Thus, providing a foundation for a thorough understanding of the complex molecular and brain processes that regulate human health and well-being. In this line, we also present preliminary results of a recent pilot study, in which interventions targeting character development among Swedish young adults suggest improvements in well-being after six-months of Well-Being Coaching. Importantly, it is argued that character regulates the expression of temperament predispositions, so character is the regulator of well-being regardless of underlying temperament. But since as humans we are body, mind, and psyche at once (i.e., biopsychosocial in nature), the person needs to learn to know and understand her temperament and her character to integrate them in order to adapt intelligently to who she is and the changing circumstances in the world around her.
|
|
| 19. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
-
Personality Among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As expected, compared to the normal population, the unemployed population scored one standard deviation higher in Harm Avoidance and lower in Self-directedness. Additionally, the analyses of personality profiles showed that 84.70% were high in Harm Avoidance, 65.30% low in Self-directedness, 38.30% low in Cooperativeness, and 49.50% low in Self- transcendence.
|
|
| 20. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
-
Resilience Profiles Among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Resilient profile is low in Harm Avoidance (i.e., relaxed, confident, and optimistic) and high in Persistence (i.e., industrious, perseverant, and hard-working) and Self-Directedness (i.e., responsible, reliable, self-acceptant, goal- oriented, and resourceful). We found that, compared to the general population, only 1% of Swedish long-term unemployed had a resilient profile.
|
|
| 21. |
- Lester, Nigel, et al.
(författare)
-
The genetic and environmental structure jof the character sub-skales of the temperament and character inventory in adolescence
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Annals of General Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1744-859X. ; 15:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The character higher order scales (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) in the temperament and character inventory are important general measures of health and well-being [Mens Sana Monograph 11:16-24 (2013)]. Recent research has found suggestive evidence of common environmental influence on the development of these character traits during adolescence. The present article expands earlier research by focusing on the internal consistency and the etiology of traits measured by the lower order sub-scales of the character traits in adolescence. METHODS: The twin modeling analysis of 423 monozygotic pairs and 408 same sex dizygotic pairs estimated additive genetics (A), common environmental (C), and non-shared environmental (E) influences on twin resemblance. All twins were part of the on-going longitudinal Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). RESULTS: The twin modeling analysis suggested a common environmental contribution for two out of five self-directedness sub-scales (0.14 and 0.23), for three out of five cooperativeness sub-scales (0.07-0.17), and for all three self-transcendence sub-scales (0.10-0.12). CONCLUSION: The genetic structure at the level of the character lower order sub-scales in adolescents shows that the proportion of the shared environmental component varies in the trait of self-directedness and in the trait of cooperativeness, while it is relatively stable across the components of self-transcendence. The presence of this unique shared environmental effect in adolescence has implications for understanding the relative importance of interventions and treatment strategies aimed at promoting overall maturation of character, mental health, and well-being during this period of the life span.
|
|
| 22. |
- Lester, Nigel, et al.
(författare)
-
The genetic and environmental structure of the character sub-scales of the temperament and character inventory in adolescence.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Annals of General Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1744-859X. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The character higher order scales (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) in the temperament and character inventory are important general measures of health and well-being [Mens Sana Monograph 11:16-24 (2013)]. Recent research has found suggestive evidence of common environmental influence on the development of these character traits during adolescence. The present article expands earlier research by focusing on the internal consistency and the etiology of traits measured by the lower order sub-scales of the character traits in adolescence.METHODS: The twin modeling analysis of 423 monozygotic pairs and 408 same sex dizygotic pairs estimated additive genetics (A), common environmental (C), and non-shared environmental (E) influences on twin resemblance. All twins were part of the on-going longitudinal Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS).RESULTS: The twin modeling analysis suggested a common environmental contribution for two out of five self-directedness sub-scales (0.14 and 0.23), for three out of five cooperativeness sub-scales (0.07-0.17), and for all three self-transcendence sub-scales (0.10-0.12).CONCLUSION: The genetic structure at the level of the character lower order sub-scales in adolescents shows that the proportion of the shared environmental component varies in the trait of self-directedness and in the trait of cooperativeness, while it is relatively stable across the components of self-transcendence. The presence of this unique shared environmental effect in adolescence has implications for understanding the relative importance of interventions and treatment strategies aimed at promoting overall maturation of character, mental health, and well-being during this period of the life span.
|
|
| 23. |
- Lindskär, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Health, Well-Being, and Ill-Being among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Study 1, 34% of Swedish long-term unemployed self-reported health levels in the lowest 15% of the normal population. In Study 2, compared to the normal population, Swedish long-term unemployed scored lower/higher in well-being/ill-being (e.g., 60% had anxiety scores above levels that might need psychiatric care).
|
|
| 24. |
- MacDougall, Andrew S., et al.
(författare)
-
Context-dependent interactions and the regulation of species richness in freshwater fish
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species richness is regulated by a complex network of scale-dependent processes. This complexity can obscure the influence of limiting species interactions, making it difficult to determine if abiotic or biotic drivers are more predominant regulators of richness. Using integrative modeling of freshwater fish richness from 721 lakes along an 11 degrees latitudinal gradient, we find negative interactions to be a relatively minor independent predictor of species richness in lakes despite the widespread presence of predators. Instead, interaction effects, when detectable among major functional groups and 231 species pairs, were strong, often positive, but contextually dependent on environment. These results are consistent with the idea that negative interactions internally structure lake communities but do not consistently 'scale-up' to regulate richness independently of the environment. The importance of environment for interaction outcomes and its role in the regulation of species richness highlights the potential sensitivity of fish communities to the environmental changes affecting lakes globally.
|
|
| 25. |
- Mihailovic, Marko, et al.
(författare)
-
The personality of newly graduated and employed nurses : Temperament and character profiles of Swedish nurses
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-142X. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the challenges of the 21st century is the high turnover rate in the nursing profession due to burnout and mental illness. From a biopsychosocial perspective, an individual's personality is an important vulnerability-resilience factor that comprises four temperament traits (i.e., a person's emotional reactions) and three character traits (i.e., self-regulation systems). Indeed, different personality profiles are associated to different coping strategies and health outcomes. Objective: We investigated and mapped the temperament and character of Swedish newly graduated and employed nurses’ in relation to the Swedish general population and an age-matched sub-sample. Design: In this cross-sectional study, nurses self-reported their personality (Temperament and Character Inventory) at the beginning of their employment. Setting: The data collection was conducted at a hospital in the South of Sweden. Participants: A total of 118 newly graduated and employed nurses (Mage = 25.95±5.58) and 1,564 individuals from the Swedish general population participated in the study. Methods: We calculated T-scores and percentiles for all seven personality dimensions using the Swedish norms (N = 1,564). The profiles were calculated by combining high/low percentiles scores in three temperament dimensions (Novelty Seeking: N/n, Harm Avoidance: H/h, and Reward Dependence: R/r) and in the three character dimensions (Self-Directedness: S/s, Cooperativeness: C/c and Self-Transcendence: T/t). Results: Regarding T-scores, the nurses reported moderately lower Novelty Seeking (> 0.5 SD), slightly higher Harm-Avoidance (about 0.5 SD), moderately higher Persistence (> 0.5 SD) and Reward Dependence (> 0.5 SD), and extremely lower Self-Directedness (> 1 SD). The prevalence of the most common temperament profiles among the nurses (Swedish general population in brackets) were: 39.80% [10.90%] Cautious (nHR), 21.20% [10.90] Reliable (nhR), and 15.30% [16.50%] Methodical (nHr). The prevalence of the most common character profiles among the nurses were: 31.40% [4.90%] Dependent (sCt), 25.40% [14.40%] Apathetic (sct), and 19.50% [8.80%] Moody (sCT). Conclusions: The analyses of the personality profiles showed that High Novelty Seeking (79%), high Harm Avoidance (65%) high Reward Dependence (80%), low Self-Directedness (95%), and low Self-Transcendence (60%) were more prevalent among the newly graduated and employed nurses. This may partially explain newly graduated nurses’ difficulties at work and high turnover rate. After all, a well-developed character is of special importance when working with patients with serious and terminal illness or under large global crises, such as the current pandemic. Hence, both education at universities and development at work need to be person-centered to reduce stress levels and promote positive self-regulation strategies.
|
|
| 26. |
- Zwir, Igor, et al.
(författare)
-
Three Genetic-Environmental Networks for Human Personality
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26, s. 3858-3875
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic, developmental, and brain-imaging studies suggest that human personality is the integrated expression of three major systems of learning and memory that regulate (1) associative conditioning, (2) intentionality, and (3) self-awareness. We have uncovered largely disjoint sets of genes regulating these dissociable learning processes in different clusters of people with (1) unregulated temperament profiles (i.e., associatively conditioned habits and emotional reactivity), (2) organized character profiles (i.e., intentional self-control of emotional conflicts and goals), and (3) creative character profiles (i.e., self-aware appraisal of values and theories), respectively. However, little is known about how these temperament and character components of personality are jointly organized and develop in an integrated manner. In three large independent genome-wide association studies from Finland, Germany, and Korea, we used a data-driven machine learning method to uncover joint phenotypic networks of temperament and character and also the genetic networks with which they are associated. We found three clusters of similar numbers of people with distinct combinations of temperament and character profiles. Their associated genetic and environmental networks were largely disjoint, and differentially related to distinct forms of learning and memory. Of the 972 genes that mapped to the three phenotypic networks, 72% were unique to a single network. The findings in the Finnish discovery sample were blindly and independently replicated in samples of Germans and Koreans. We conclude that temperament and character are integrated within three disjoint networks that regulate healthy longevity and dissociable systems of learning and memory by nearly disjoint sets of genetic and environmental influences.
|
|
