| 1. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Äldre i transportsystemet : mobilitet, design och träningsproblematik
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Generally, more elderly will be travelling and be out on the roads as active road-users in the future. Research exists on the travelling habits of the elderly; but more in-depth knowledge on the elderly's preferences as license-holders, drivers, road-users and actors in public transport is required. The aim of this report is to give an overview of previous research as well as to indicate a number of directions for future research on the mobility of the elderly as actors within the transport system. The work has a clear multidisciplinary approach, with knowledge from social science, behavioural science and technical research on transport and the elderly. However, the main weight lays on social science and behavioural science issues. The report is divided into eleven chapters: 1) contains a short background, purpose and method questions; 2) discusses the project's scientific and social relevance; 3) provides theoretical background and theoretical concepts; 4) mentions previous research on the elderly as car drivers; 5) is a chapter on license-less vehicles; 6) discusses traffic and road design for the elderly; 7) discusses the elderly as pedestrians and bicycle road-users; 8) is about the elderly in public transport and 9) is about the training of elderly drivers. Chapter 10) consists of a final discussion and chapter 11) summarises point by point the need for research on issues which have come to light in the report
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| 2. |
- Alm, Jens, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Cykling – en integrerad del i ett framtida transportsystem som bidrar till en hållbar samhällsutveckling : resultat från enkätstudie och workshop
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport redogörs för resultat från en genomförbarhetsstudie, innefattande dels en enkätstudie, dels en workshop. Syftet har varit att identifiera vilka frågor som i ett svenskt utvecklingsarbete behöver prioriteras, integreras och samordnas av olika aktörer ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv, för att skapa underlag och förslag på strategiskt initiativ kring det utvecklingsarbete som Trafikverket och Cykelcentrum gemensamt koordinerar. Enkäten riktade sig till olika svenska aktörer, i form av experter som representerar olika nyckelområden rörande främjande av cykling, så som forskare, planerare på kommunal och regional nivå, statliga myndigheter samt intressenter från bland annat Svenska Turistföreningen, Nationella cykelrådet, Cykelfrämjandet, Svenska Cykelstäder och Svensk Cykling. Analysen baseras dels på de fasta svarsalternativen, dels på de öppna kommentarerna som följde frågorna. Resultaten visar på en rad olika aspekter där arbetet med att främja cykling kan och bör förbättras och utvecklas mot det gemensamma målet för en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Övergripande visar resultaten på en diskrepans mellan mål och utförande. Det kan till exempel handla om upplevda brister för samordning och samverkan på och mellan olika nivåer (nationell, regional och lokal), finansiering och kunskap. Respondenter uttrycker också att bilen fortfarande är norm, vilket försvårar arbetet med främjandet av cykling. För främjande av cykling behöver förändringar ske med ökad prioritering av cykel genom exempelvis förändringar i regler/föreskrifter och i infrastrukturen. För detta krävs dock, enligt respondenterna, ökad finansiering samt förbättringar avseende statistik och mätmetoder. En ytterligare relaterad faktor är bättre samordning och samverkan mellan olika aktörer, på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå. Fem områden har identifierats som särskilt viktiga för fortsatt forskning: • nationell samordning och den nationella cykelstrategin • data, samhällsekonomiska analyser och mätmetoder • arbete och ansvar för barn och ungas cykling till och från skolan • kombinerat resande mellan cykel och kollektivtrafik • cykling och innovation.
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| 3. |
- Antonson, Hans, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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A crack in the Swedish welfare façade? : A review of assessing social impacts in transport infrastructure planning
- 2018
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Ingår i: Progress in Planning. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0305-9006 .- 1873-4510. ; 138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparison of social impact categorisation in strategic planning across European Union Member States shows that Sweden neither categorises nor breaks down categories of social impact in areas such as transport infrastructure development. This article accordingly studies how social issues are handled during transport infrastructure planning. An analysis of different source materials will answer four research questions:To what extent are social impacts integrated into environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports?Are social impacts sufficiently integrated and/or does this treatment simply amount to ‘good practice’?Can any trend be detected over time in terms of addressing social issues in impact assessments?What key measures could increase the influence of social impact issues on transport infrastructure planning practice?The study involved a content analysis of six EIA handbooks and EIA statements (EISs) for 18 large transport infrastructure projects. The concepts searched for in these documents largely apply to issues of vulnerability, health, social problems, perceived safety, and alienation. Our data were interpreted through the theoretical lens of institutional interplay. We found that though social aspects are not new considerations in EIA research, they are included in only a small proportion of the 18 Swedish EISs, mostly in connection with health and accessibility. We also found that the more recent documents allotted less space to social issues. It is unlikely that most individuals in the organisations that order EISs, or the consultancies that write them, are unaware of the broader interpretation of ‘human beings’ which includes social aspects.The conclusion is that in the absence of a government initiative to clarify how social impacts can be addressed in transport infrastructure planning, there is a need for an external network for organisations involved in transport infrastructure EISs.
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| 4. |
- Berg, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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"I want complete freedom" : car use and everyday mobility among the newly retired
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to investigate car use among newly retired people, to explore to what extent car transport is used for everyday mobility and how it is valued in comparison to other transport modes.The data consists of travel diaries and qualitative interviews with 24 individuals, aged between 61 and 67, living in a middle-sized Swedish city. The informants filled in a travel diary during 1 week that were analysed by VISUAL-TimePAcTS, an application for visualising and exploring activity diary data. The semi-structured qualitative interviews were analysed using a qualitative content analysis.The car was used for several trips daily and often for short trips. The informants had a lot of everyday projects that they would not be able to perform if they did not have access to a car. The informant’s social context implies new space-time constraints. Commitments to family members, engagement in associations and spouses’ occupations affect how much and when they use the car, and their overall mobility.In contrast to much research on older people’s mobility that has studied slightly older people, this study have focused on a specific group that are relatively healthy, well-off, and have the possibility to choose between different modes of transport. By combining travel diaries and qualitative interviews, we have explored how newly retired people reason as regard their travel behaviour but also how they actually travel.
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| 5. |
- Berg, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility in the transition to retirement : the intertwining of transportation and everyday projects
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 38:June, s. 48-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through travel diaries and interviews with newly retired urban residents in Sweden our aim was to explore (1) mobility patterns in the transition to retirement, (2) the influence of space-time restrictions and resources on mobility and (3) the meaning and embodied experience of mobility. This time-geographic study contributes with knowledge on how mobility is influenced by individual, social and geographical contexts. Illustrated by four cases, our result show that retirement changes the preconditions for mobility and creates new space-time restrictions. To spend more time on projects that were previously carried out outside working time, such as caring for grandchildren, volunteer work and household responsibilities, influenced the informants' demands for mobility and choice of transport mode. However, the informants have resources that can be seen as strategies to overcome space-time restrictions. Most of the informants found it important to structure the day, to some it was vital to have something to do during the day while others enjoyed the possibility to take each day as it comes. Everyday mobility was a way of forming a structure by getting out of the house, either just for a walk or for making errands. The informants' embodied experiences of mobility influenced their choice to walk and cycle for transport for the reasons of comfort, get fresh air, or simply to get out of the house. The daily mobility pattern that was established was a result of individual preferences and resources as well as negotiations with family members. We conclude that the transition to retirement is a period when new mobility patterns are considered, evaluated and practiced.
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| 6. |
- Berg, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Time to spare : Everyday activities among newly retired people in a middle-sized city
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Retirement has recently been studied as a complex process that affects people’s lives in many different ways (Teuscher 2010; Grenier 2011; Halleröd, Örestig and Stattin 2013). Retirement implies changes in time-space use, interruption in routines and changed social patterns. Leisure activities, shopping, errands and rest are no longer determined by the working life rhythm. New time-space constraints might at the same time occur that limit the individual’s actions, such as reduced income, new or increased commitments towards children and grandchildren, involvement in associations or part-time work (Kleiber and Nimrod, 2009; Szinovacz et al., 2001; Van den Bogaard et al., 2013).A vast amount of research from different fields has focused on the implications of retirement for wellbeing (Bender 2012; Wang 2007), adjustment (Van Solinge and Henkens 2008), identity (Teucher 2010), volunteering (Van den Bogaard et.al., 2013) and physical activity (Lahti et al. 2011). So far, only a few studies have investigated everyday activities and timespace use among older people in general and the post-World War II generation in particular (Chatzitheochari and Arber 2011; Gauthier and Smeeding 2003). In many studies of time-space use, the aim has been to illuminate the juggling of everyday activities that occurs and to deal with the balance between work, leisure and family (Schwanen and de Jong 2008; Kwan 2000; Scholten, Friberg and Sanden 2012). Naturally, retired people have not been included in those studies, although many older people play an important role in the lives of families with small children (Schwanen 2008) and seek supporting and leading roles as citizens (cf. Gagliardi, et al. 2007; Leinonen 2011; Liechty, Yarnal and Kerstetter 2012; McCormack et al. 2008; Nimrod and Adoni 2006; Sperazza and Banerjee 2010). Little is known about the expectations this generation has on retirement and its demands for activities. The aim of this study is therefore to explore newly retired peoples everyday activities. What activities do they take part in and where are these activities carried out? In what respect, and for what reasons, do activities change or stay the same upon retirement?The remaining of this paper begins with a discussion of the implications of retirement on everyday activities in accordance to previous research. The time-geographical perspective and concepts used here for studying activities is then presented. That is followed by a description of methods, data and analysis, before the empirical analysis of travel diaries and qualitative interviews is given. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in relation to previous research.
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| 7. |
- Book, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Kollektivtrafikens roll i resenärens vardagsliv : Litteraturöversikt
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande litteraturöversikt visar på i första hand bredden i tidigare och pågående forsknings- och utredningsarbete om resenärer i kollektivtrafiken. Översikten tar avstamp med ett kapitel om studier av resenärers beteende, preferenser och attityder. Där beskrivs studier av beteendevetenskaplig karaktär om bland annat kvalitet i kollektivtrafiken och om välbefinnande hos resenärer, baserade på resenärers utsagor och beteenden. Därefter kommer ett kapitel som beskriver studier om resandet och vardagslivets komplexitet, vilket bland annat handlar om resande och tid, samt aktiviteter i samband med kollektivtrafikresor och vad människor gör när de reser med kollektivtrafik (utöver att förflytta sig från en plats till en annan). Vidare beskriver vi i ett kapitel studier om tillgänglighet. Dels handlar det om fysisk tillgänglighet med fokus på fordon, stations- och hållplatsmiljöer; dels handlar det om sociala aspekter på tillgänglighet och om resenärers upplevelser och erfarenheter av tillgänglighet i och till kollektivtrafiken.Ett kapitel beskriver olika resenärsgrupper och deras erfarenheter, vilket är ett omfattande område där flera olika sätt att kategorisera resenärer går att skönja i tidigare studier; såsom ålder (barn, unga, äldre), kön (jämställdhet), resenärer med funktionsnedsättningar, pendlare, arbetsresor, skolresor, fritidsresor. Vidare följer ett kapitel om studier av trygghet och säkerhet i kollektivtrafiken och dess miljöer samt ett kapitel om metoder och prognosmodeller som används i planeringen.I ett avslutande kapitel diskuterar vi vad som framträder via den forskning och utredningsverksamhet som kartlagts i litteraturöversikten. Vad behöver beforskas mer och hur ser kunskapsluckorna ut? Hela resan är ett område som vi ser har utvecklingspotential i förhållande till tidigare studier. Likaså tror vi att man inom kollektivtrafiken behöver öka kunskapen om resenärerna för att kunna möta behoven i deras vardagsliv. Utvecklingen av komplementära metoder och modeller för prognoser i planeringen är också ett angeläget område, liksom att planera för hållbart resande.
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| 8. |
- Broth, Mathias, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Showing where you're going : Instructing the accountable use of the indicator in live traffic
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Linguistics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0802-6106 .- 1473-4192. ; 28, s. 248-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article takes an interest in how students at a driving school areinstructed how to make the car's behaviour intelligible (accountable)to other road users in traffic. Taking the indicator as an example,the analytic focus is on the ways in which the indicator'srelevance is instructed and its timely activation practiced, andhow activating the indicator is instructed as part of moreencompassing turning procedures. The indicator is one of the centralresources built into cars for displaying to others a driver'sintention about where to go next. Although indicating does not,in itself, affect the movement of the car, activating the indicatoris crucial for allowing others to anticipate a car's movement inspace, and coordinate themselves with it. The analysis showshow instructors manage trainee drivers' instructed actions duringdriving by providing descriptions of what using the indicatoraccomplishes before a directive to turn (a), after a directive to turn(b), and as accounts for initiating correction of trainee driver carcontrol activity (c).
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Broth, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Telling the Other's side : Formulating others' mental states in driver training
- 2019
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Ingår i: Language & Communication. - : Elsevier. - 0271-5309 .- 1873-3395. ; 65, s. 7-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines ascriptions of mental states to other road users in live traffic driver training. Through this practice, instructors formulate how others make sense of the trainee driver's car. Using multimodal conversation analysis, we demonstrate how others' side formulations support trainee drivers' communicative handling of the car during ongoing coordination events. In contrast, formulations occurring after coordination events serve educational ends, yielding the generic inferential practices by which competent drivers make contextual sense of others' actions. Therefore, others' side formulations comprise an important instructional resource for introducing neophyte drivers into the real-world theorizing, rendering traffic its orderly social character.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Cromdal, Jakob, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Sensational driving : instructing and calibrating sensory perception in early driver training
- 2020
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Ingår i: Discursive psychology and embodiment. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030537081 - 9783030537098 ; , s. 169-196
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although psychological states have been widely examined as social objects indiscursive psychology (DP), little is known about the interactional organisationof perception. This chapter is about joint sensorial activities in driver training.Specifically, we explore how neophyte drivers are being trained in identifyingand analysing kinetic information—including the car’s vibration, movementand direction—when performing routine car control operations. Throughmultimodal conversation analysis of four video-recorded examples, wedemonstrate how driving instructors gesturally enact sensations to invite theirstudents to “feel” the car’s kinetic status, how they jointly produce coordinatedsensory activities and how the sensoriality of the event is intersubjectivelyestablished through “feel enquiries”. Treating sensory perception asembedded—and embodied—in practical social activity, highlights the benefitsof including corporeality in future DP enquiry.
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| 13. |
- Dahl, Emmy, et al.
(författare)
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Konstruktioner av maskulinitet i samtal om kollektivtrafik
- 2012
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Ingår i: Norma. - : Universitetsforlaget. - 1890-2138 .- 1890-2146. ; 7:2, s. 160-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article highlights how environmental issues influence transport planning, and how they make transport planners rethink previous categorizations of user groups. The introduction of an environmental discourse leads to a questioning of men’s travel activities, i.e. car driving. However, the critique against men’s travelling does not address all men. Instead, two types of masculinities are constructed in the local planning discourse: the first one is a ‘problematic’ obsolete old driver. The second one is a young ‘quality conscious’ man who opts for new technological solutions. The relationship between these two constructions of masculinities is hierarchical.The transport planners interpret it as their responsibility to make sure that public transport is regarded as attractive to younger men and their imagined ‘needs’. The elderly men however, are made scapegoats and are blamed for their unsustainable travelling. These rather stereotypical constructions of men also include a negative perception of elderly men. The analysis is based on discussions in eight focus groups, accomplished in 2009 with 36 transport planners and politicians (24 men and 12 women) working with the planning of the future public transport system in Malmö city in the south of Sweden.
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| 14. |
- Deppermann, Arnulf, et al.
(författare)
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Overtaking as an interactional achievement : Video analyses of participants' practices in traffic
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gesprächsforschung. - Mannheim, Germany : Verlag für Gesprächsforschung. - 1617-1837. ; 19, s. 1-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we pursue a systematic and extensive study of overtaking in traffic as an interactional event. Our focus is on the accountable organisation and accom-plishment of overtaking by road users in real-world traffic situations. Data and anal-ysis are drawn from multiple research groups studying driving from an ethnometh-odological and conversation analytic perspective. Building on multimodal and se-quential analyses of video recordings of overtaking events, the article describes the shared practices which overtakers and overtaken parties use in displaying, recog-nising and coordinating their manoeuvres. It examines the three sequential phases of an overtaking event: preparation and projection; the overtaking proper; the re-alignment post-phase including retrospective accounts and assessments. We iden-tify how during each of these phases drivers and passengers organise intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle practices: driving and non-driving related talk between vehicle-occupants, the emerging spatiotemporal ecology of the road, and the driving actions of other road users. The data is derived from a two camera set-up recording the road ahead and car interior. The recordings are from three settings: daily commuting, driving lessons, race-car coaching. The events occur on a variety of road types (mo-torways, country roads, city streets, a race track, etc.), in six languages (English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, and Swedish) and in seven countries (Australia, Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK). From an exception-ally diverse collection of video data, the study of which is made possible thanks to the innovative collaboration of multiple researchers, the article exhibits the range of practical challenges and communicative skills involved in overtaking.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Utredning av mål för ökad cykling i Sverige : ett regeringsuppdrag
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns idag inget definierat nationellt mål för ökad cykling i Sverige. VTI fick i uppdrag av regeringen att ta fram detta. I uppdraget ingår att ta fram en målstruktur och föreslå indikatorer och system för uppföljning. Vi har inhämtat kunskap genom litteraturstudier, en workshop, en enkätundersökning samt genom egna analyser av data från nationella resvaneundersökningar. Vi har avgränsat definitionen av cykling till att omfatta färd med trampcykel med eller utan elassistans – i dagligt tal ”vanlig” cykel och elcykel. Enkelt uttryckt ska cyklandet fördubblas till 2035 och mer specifikt föreslår vi följande mål, målstruktur och ambitionsnivå: • Övergripande mål: Cyklingen i hela Sverige ska öka så att tillgängligheten förbättras, folkhälsan stärks och klimat- och miljöpåverkan minskar. • Etappmål 1: Cykelresornas andel av det totala antalet resor i Sverige ska öka till 20 procent år 2030 och till 26 procent år 2035, utan att andelen gång- eller kollektivtrafikresande minskar. • Etappmål 2: Cykelresornas andel av det totala persontransportarbetet i Sverige ska öka till 3 procent till 2035, utan att gång- eller kollektivtrafiken minskar. • Delmål 1: Cykelresornas andel av det totala antalet resor i Sverige kortare än 10 km, ska öka till 30 procent år 2030 och till 45 procent år 2035, utan att andelen gång- eller kollektivtrafik[1]resande minskar. • Delmål 2: Cykelresornas andel av det totala antalet resor för barn i grundskoleåldern i Sverige ska öka till 40 procent år 2030 och till 50 procent år 2035, utan att andelen gångresor minskar. Därutöver har vi föreslagit sju indikatorer med tillhörande mått som kan kopplas till ovanstående målförslag. Den nationella resvaneundersökningen kan användas för uppföljning av målen och Nationella cykelrådets sammanställning ”Nationellt cykelbokslut” kan med fördel användas för uppföljningen av indikatorerna.
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| 17. |
- Forward, Sonja, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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A Detailed Approach to Qualitative Research Methods
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Transportation. - Oxford : Elsevier. ; , s. 39-45
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Qualitative methods in research have become increasingly popular since it can generate data which would be difficult, or sometimes impossible, using quantitative methods. In qualitative studies, the focus is very much on how somebody creates their own meaning of events, rather than applying a ready-made structure. The aim is not to generate results which can be analyzed statistically and then generalized to other contexts but to collect in-depth nonnumerical data from a smaller sample. To achieve this numerous skills are required including, having an open mind and being able to improvise on the spot. This article starts with a presentation of qualitative and quantitative methods, differences and similarities, and challenging the preconceived idea that one is subjective and the other objective. Following which the focus is on in-depth interviews explaining how it should be prepared and also how to design a protocol. Sample size is discussed and what to consider when recruiting participants. The interview itself is covered at some length including some important points which need to be considered. The ending of an interview is also crucial and therefore some thoughts about this are compiled. The article concludes with a short description of how to conduct focus group interviews.
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| 18. |
-
Gendering Smart Mobilities
- 2020. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book considers gender perspectives on the ‘smart’ turn in urban and transport planning to effectively provide ‘mobility for all’ while simultaneously attending to the goal of creating green and inclusive cities. It deals with the conceptualisation, design, planning, and execution of the fast-emerging ‘smart’ solutions.The volume questions the efficacy of transformations being brought by smart solutions and highlights the need for a more robust problem formulation to guide the design of smart solutions, and further maps out the need for stronger governance to manage the introduction and proliferation of smart technologies. Authors from a range of disciplinary backgrounds have contributed to this book, designed to converse with mobility studies, transport studies, urban-transport planning, engineering, human geography, sociology, gender studies, and other related fields.The book fills a substantive gap in the current gender and mobility discourses, and will thus appeal to students and researchers studying mobilities in the social, political, design, technical, and environmental sciences.
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| 19. |
- Hallin, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Transportplanering i förändring : En handbok om jämställdhetskonsekvensbedömning i transportplaneringen
- 2016. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efterfrågan på att belysa sociala konsekvenser i samband med transportplaneringen växer allt mer i Sverige (Trafikverket, 2014). Ett exempel är tunnelbaneutbyggnaden i Stockholm där sociala konsekvensbeskrivningar varit en del av processen vid sidan av järnvägsplan och miljökonsekvensbeskrivning (MKB). Två andra exempel är miljöbedömningarna för Stockholm stads nya översiktsplan och för Regional Utvecklingsplan för Stockholmsregionen (RUFS) som görs i form av hållbarhetsbedömningar där utgångspunkten är social hållbarhet. Göteborgs stad har också arbetat fram ett verktyg för social konsekvensanalys som används i många av kommunens stadsutvecklingsprojekt.Den sociala miljön består av många aspekter, exempelvis jämlikhet, och det är en relevant fråga varför handboken fokuserar på en delaspekt av jämlikhet, det vill säga mellan kvinnor och män, och inte tar ett helhetsgrepp. Svaret är inte att jämlikheten mellan män och kvinnor är viktigare än den mellan andra grupper. Anledningen är att det redan finns etablerade verktyg för exempelvis barnkonsekvensanalyser. Tillgänglighetskrav för personer med funktionsnedsättning och äldre är också väl etablerade. Däremot saknas ett etablerat verktyg för att analysera hur en förändring påverkar kvinnor och män. Vår uppfattning är också att metoden för social konsekvensbeskrivning är en processorienterad paraplymetod, likt MKB, under vilken det ingår flera aspekter som vart och ett är att betrakta som ett expertområde med specifika analysmetoder. Jämställdhet är ett sådant expertområde och JKB är den analysmetod som i dagsläget saknas i transportplaneringen.
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| 20. |
- Hansson, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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En kollektivtrafik för alla : En nulägesbeskrivning av forskning och utvecklingsprojekt inom funktionshinderområdet
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten syftar till att ge en översikt över arbetsområdet tillgänglighet i kollektivtrafiken och inkluderar exempel både från forskning och mer praktiskt arbete. Rapporten ska inte ses som en heltäckande översikt, utan ämnar snarare ge en överblick och nulägesbild över området. I rapporten presenteras en genomgång av vissa mål och regelverk som är relevanta utifrån tillgänglighet ur nationellt och europeiskt perspektiv. Därefter ges en nationell utblick som berör frågor om ansvar, information, och myndigheter som på olika sätt arbetar med frågor relaterade till tillgänglighet i kollektivtrafiken. En genomgång av forskning inom området görs ur ett mer övergripande perspektiv (en mer detaljerad genomgång kommer att publiceras i artikelformat framöver) och därefter med några exempel på forskningsrapporter som publicerats nationellt. Översikten ger även exempel på europeiska forskningsprojekt som på olika sätt berör frågor om tillgänglighet i kollektivtrafiken samt på andra pågående EU-initiativ inom området.
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| 21. |
- Hansson, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
-
Kollektivtrafik för alla! : En kunskapsöversikt inom funktionshinderområdet
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sammanställning av postrar från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur säkerställer vi att ingen blir lämnad bakom (Leave No One Behind, LNOB)? En av de mest centrala frågorna inom ramen för de globala målen. Klimatarbetet handlar främst om att få fler att resa mer klimatanpassat och resurseffektivt. Här är kollektivtrafiken en viktig aktör. Lösningar fokuseras i stor utsträckning mot en snabb och effektiv kollektivtrafik, med genomgående inslag av digitalisering och andra tekniska lösningar (autonoma fordon, digitala biljettsystem, digitala lösningar) som ersätter personal både ombord på fordon och i kundtjänst mm. Detta skapar en oro bland olika grupper! Trots brett arbete gällande tillgänglighet för alla i kollektivtrafiken, kvarstår många utmaningar, både ur ett internationellt och ett nationellt perspektiv. Detta framträder inte minst via de EU-finansierade projekt som hanterar frågor om digitalisering, samskapande och deltagande metoder om en tillgänglig kollektivtrafik för alla.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Henriksson, Per, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Challenging situations, self-reported driving habits and capacity among older drivers (70+) in Sweden : a questionnaire study
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the survey study in Sweden was to investigate health issues, driving habits and use of a car. The researchers were also interested in which traffic situations were judged as difficult or dangerous, avoidance strategies adopted for such situations, type of car used, equipment (ADAS systems) and its frequency of use. Respondents were asked to report any accidents in the previous two years, and to self-estimate their cognitive functioning and driving ability. Target population: Persons born in 1941 or earlier (aged 70 years or more in the year 2011), living in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden, holder of a driving licence for category B, passenger car and still driving. This resulted in a target group comprising 1,362 active drivers. The overall picture of an older driver emerging from this study is one who enjoys car driving, uses the car often and is not particularly occupied by thoughts about stopping driving. Possible bias in this picture of older drivers may be due to the fact that those most interested in car driving were also those most interested in the study and thus in answering the questionnaire. There are several “truths” about older drivers reported in the literature that are questionable in the light of the present study. It is sometimes said that older people drive old cars, but this phenomenon is not supported by the questionnaire data in our study. The changes in driving behaviour often attributed to ageing drivers, e.g. driving more slowly, less frequently and over shorter distances, are applicable in the case of about one-third of the drivers in the present study. Analyses of this study confirm that health status is not the only reason someone stops driving; being less confident/apprehensive in the context of car driving may result in driving cessation. Findings indicate that preventive action, such as retraining sessions or developing driver assistance systems, will have to be taken into account if the risk associated with certain situations is to be reduced.
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| 24. |
- Hjorthol, Randi, et al.
(författare)
-
Mobility in different generations of older persons : The development of daily travel in different cohorts in Denmark, Norway and Sweden
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 18:5, s. 624-633
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Scandinavian countries Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the proportion of older people in the total population is expected to reach about 25% in 2060. The ageing of the population has a variety of social implications. One aspect of population ageing that has relatively little attention in the Scandinavian countries is the question of everyday mobility. The purpose of this paper is to get a better understanding of the activity and travel patterns of different groups of older people, examine how travel- and activity patterns are developing during the life course, study the changes over time and how the "new" generations of older people behave compared to the older ones. The method used is cohort analysis of National Travel Surveys from the three countries in a 20 years perspective. Results show a significant period effect in car ownership and use among older people in Denmark. Norway and Sweden with a clear increase during the past 20 years. This is especially true for women. The increase in the number of driver's licence-holders and car availability is reflected in travel mode choice among older people: both men and women maintain their car-use habits at old age. Another clear finding is that older people today travel more than the comparable age groups 20-25 years ago: everyday trip rates are higher and activities outside home are more common. While commuting and work-related trips decline after retirement, shopping and leisure trips do not start to decline before high age. From the cohort analysis we see that leisure and shopping trips are maintained in the period after retirement, and the car is important to reach shopping malls, health service, leisure activities, visit relatives and other social company.
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| 25. |
- Hrelja, Robert, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Handling social considerations and the needs of different groups in public transport planning : A review of definitions, methods, and knowledge gaps
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; :16, s. 2-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses the integration of social considerations into public transport planning. It addresses the challenge of balancing social benefits against objectives such as efficiency and cost minimization. Through a literature review, this paper examines methods for assessing public transport accessibility for potentially disadvantaged groups and identifies knowledge gaps in existing research. The analysis reveals a predominant focus on post-implementation (ex-post) accessibility assessments and a lack of research examining potential impacts (ex-ante) during planning stages. Furthermore, the paper identifies a lack of research on how to weigh social benefits against other more conventional objectives such as efficiency and cost minimization and also against environmental considerations. Research usually proposes changes ex-post based solely on a desire to improve accessibility for potentially disadvantaged groups. Therefore, there is a need for more research on how to manage conflicting interests in planning, for example through composite methods. The paper also highlights the tendency of research to overlook the practical usability of methods developed. The relevance of methods to policy makers and planners responsible for planning public transport systems remains largely unexplored. To develop practically useful methods, research needs a better understanding of the norms governing planning practices. It is common to discuss how the mobility needs of potentially disadvantaged passenger groups should be met in isolation from policy contexts. More research is needed about how the potential tensions between social, economic, and environmental considerations play out in public transport planning practices. All of this leads to a risk of a theory–practice gap, marked by a disconnect between research and the practical needs of the public transport providers. By proposing a more nuanced research approach that better reflects the complexity of real-world planning and the different needs of user groups, research can enable public transport planning for what we term ‘sustainable accessibility’.
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| 26. |
- Hrelja, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
New ways of dealing with social consequences and needs in public transport planning? : A review of methods and research gaps
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 152-153
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The planning of public transport systems has for a long time prioritised the so-called high demand- routes (routes that have the most passengers). This may have negative consequences for certain groups of users and their accessibility. The public transport industry sees, due to the traditional prioritisation of high demand-routes, a need for knowledge of, and greater consideration for, social aspects and the needs of different user groups. This presentation presents a review of the rich international research literature on public transport accessibility, covering methods to be used to be used when deciding if and when a greater emphasis should be given to meeting the mobility needs of disadvantaged passenger groups or providing geographical equity and how toconsider mitigation in situations with negative social impacts. It also identifies research gaps related to the above topic based on practical experiences of public transport planning in Swedish Public transport authorities.The literature searches were carried out in databases such as Scopus. A qualitative synthesis of the literature is presented. The results are discussed and compared with experience of actual knowledge needs in planning based on interviews with officers. There are methods for estimating accessibility, and methods for determining the extent to which improved accessibility actually leads to groups taking part in more activities or not. For example, the literature often provides methods for assessing accessibility in time and space by analyzing accessibility in terms of reachability to jobs or services by public transport in a city, or by formulating a method that is first used to evaluate the supply side of public transport services in a city, which is then compared with demographic and spatial distributions of the population (for example divided by age, ethnicity, education, income or access to a car) in order to produce transit gap indexes. This means that research contribute knowledge about existing public transport systems and the effects of investments including how to direct them to places and groups in greatest need.
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| 27. |
- Jernås, Margareta, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
Separation of human adipocytes by size: hypertrophic fat cells display distinct gene expression
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860 .- 0892-6638. ; 20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enlarged adipocytes are associated with insulin resistance and are an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes. To understand the molecular link between these diseases and adipocyte hypertrophy, we developed a technique to separate human adipocytes from an adipose tissue sample into populations of small cells (mean 57.6+-3.54 um) and large cells (mean 100.1+-3.94 um). Microarray analysis of the cell populations separated from adipose tissue from three subjects identified 14 genes, of which five immune-related, with more than fourfold higher expression in large cells than small cells. Two of these genes were serum amyloid A (SAA) and transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1). Real-time RT-PCR analysis of SAA and TM4SF1 expression in adipocytes from seven subjects revealed 19-fold and 22-fold higher expression in the large cells, respectively, and a correlation between adipocyte size and both SAA and TM4SF1 expression. The results were verified using immunohistochemistry. In comparison with 17 other human tissues and cell types by microarray, large adipocytes displayed by far the highest SAA and TM4SF1 expression. Thus, we have identified genes with markedly higher expression in large, compared with small, human adipocytes. These genes may link hypertrophic obesity to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes.
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| 28. |
-
Kollektivtrafik i storstadens skugga : Krönikor från Living lab i Uddevalla
- 2019
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Denna skrift innehåller ett antal korta texter som summerar resultaten från forsknings- och samverkansprojektet Living lab Uddevalla med syftet att utforska, problematisera och peka på utvecklingsriktningar för kollektivtrafiken i Uddevalla. Vi hoppas att skriften ska kunna inspirera också läsare som verkar i andra städer med liknande förutsättningar.Uddevalla är en kommun med många trafikutmaningar. Det finns en lång rad frågor att ta tag i för att få en attraktiv och välfungerande trafiksituation, med hållbara transporter snarare än bilen i fokus. Detta är nödvändigt inför framtiden. Och Uddevalla är inte alls unikt, denna skrift drivs av övertygelsen att det finns lärdomar härifrån som är giltiga i många andra städer bortom de stora metropolerna.
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| 29. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-
(författare)
-
Analys av integreringen av jämställdhet i regional transportplanering i Dalarna : Regional systemanalys Dalarna och Länsplan för regional transportinfrastruktur Dalarna 2018–2029
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med studien var att analysera integreringen av det transportpolitiska jämställdhetsmålet i den regionala transportplaneringen i Region Dalarna. Projektet genomfördes med kvalitativ innehållsanalys av dokumenten ”Regional systemanalys Dalarna – underlag för transportinfrastrukturplanering” och ”Länsplan för regional transportinfrastruktur Dalarna 2018–2029” samt intervjuer med åtta nyckelpersoner som medverkat i arbetsprocesserna med att ta fram de båda dokumenten. Dokumenten uppvisar en bra bild av transportinfrastrukturen i regionen men ger en ganska allmän bild av befolkningen, som bland annat kan hänskjutas till att det i flera avseenden saknas uppdelning mellan olika befolkningsgrupper i den statistik som presenteras. Forskarna föreslår att den kunskap som finns om transportinfrastrukturen och befolkningen regionalt, används mer systematiskt för att analysera olika gruppers (såsom kvinnor och män, äldre och yngre) resande samt deras inflytande och möjligheter att påverka sin egen mobilitet. I intervjuerna framkommer att både jämställdhet och mångfald uppfattas som svårt i den regionala transportplaneringen och att det behövs mer kunskap och erfarenhet. Intervjupersonerna hänvisar till att det finns en del kunskap men att det saknas strukturer för hur den kan tas in i planeringsprocessen. Vissa uttalanden pekar på att det pågår ett pionjärarbete. Jämställdhet och mångfald beskrivs av vissa som ”nya” inslag i den regionala transportinfrastrukturplaneringen, jämfört med frågor som framkomlighet, tillväxt och miljö. De saknar utvecklade rutiner för att integrera jämställdhet och mångfald i sina arbetsprocesser. Genomgående när det gäller jämställdhet erfordras en tydligare inriktning – till exempel att integrera könsuppdelad statistik på regional nivå och analyser av den egna regionen kopplad till målformuleringarna på nationell nivå (transportpolicy och nationella jämställdhetsmål). Ett exempel på metod skulle kunna var jämställdhetskonsekvensbedömning (JKB), men även en bredare social konsekvensbedömning (SKB) där man inkluderar olika grupper med utgångspunkt i grunderna i diskrimineringslagen.
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| 30. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Att integrera jämställdhet i länstransportplanering : Slutredovisning av forskningsprojektet Implementering av metod för jämställdhetskonsekvensbedömning (JKB) i svensk transportinfrastrukturplanering
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project was to develop and test the model for Gender Equality Impact Assessment as proposed in the report Gender Equality in Traffic Planning. Principally the focus was on the Swedish national gender equality objectives of economic equality and the equal distribution of unpaid housework and provision of care. The project also aimed to identify the need for development of knowledge (of gender equality) and to develop an undergraduate training course for professionals in transportation planning.The departure of the project was taken in the objectives of gender equality in transport and the national gender equality objectives. Every fourth to fifth year a county transport plan is formed for each of the 20 regions of Sweden. These plans are the basis for investments in transport for 10–15 years in the future. The plans are used to prioritize the major transport infrastructure initiatives at the national, regional and local level.The research project was organised into five work packages, where researchers and planners collaborated. Initially the researchers analysed how gender came into account in the last two regional transport plans, and in focus groups and workshops with planners discussed their viewpoints on gender equality in the regional transportation planning. These analyses and discussions formed the basis for the two work packages with additional working sessions where a number of steps in a procedure were tested with the aim to further develop a working model for gender equality impact assessment.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Levin, Lena E, 1958-
(författare)
-
Banverket, Allmänheten och Ostlänken. Studier av samrådskommunikation i samband med järnvägsutbyggnad
- 2005
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten är en avrapportering av en explorativ förstudie inom projektet "Kommunikation i samråd" som avser att utveckla kunskaper för vetenskapliga studier och utvärdering av samrådsprocesser i samband med större samhällsbyggnadsprojekt. Studien bygger på material från deltagande observation och ljudinspelningar vid samrådsmöten mellan Banverkets projektgrupp Ostlänken och berörd allmänhet i samband med utredningen av 150 km snabbtågsjärnväg på sträckan Järna-Linköping, intervjuer och samtal med deltagare vid dessa möten under hösten 2004 och våren 2005, samt Banverkets informationsmaterial (rapporter, broschyrer, kommunikationsplaner, webbsidor, m.m.). Rapporten tematiserar och sammanfattar de 15 samrådsmötena och informationen till allmänheten, samt diskuterar formerna för samråd och anger möjliga riktningar för fortsatt forskning inom projektet.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Explaining Data Analysis Using Qualitative Methods
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Transportation. - Oxford : Elsevier. ; , s. 107-112
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In qualitative research data can be collected through a wide range of methods: interviews, focus groups, and participant and nonparticipant observations. How data is being analyzed varies between disciplines depending on the theoretical perspective, on the study contexts, and the research question. Sometimes a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods might be used. For example, to discover commuting patterns among people in a city area and their experiences of the same, a quantitative method, like travel survey, might be used together with in-depth interviews and observations. This article connects to the previous article on qualitative methods (Volume 7, p. 39-45) and focuses on how qualitative data can be analyzed and presented. It starts with theoretical perspectives on the analysis process and a presentation of various approaches to transcriptions. The analysis often starts during the transcription procedure when the researcher is listening to audio recordings of interviews or watching video recordings of the interaction between informants. Qualitative researchers often organize their data in categories, based on concepts, and in some coding systems. This process is presented and related to examples from research on transport mobility. Reliability and validity in qualitative research are also discussed. The article finishes with a section on how to use quotes and publishing the results.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender equality and ‘smart’ mobility : A need for planning to address the real needs of all citizens
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Gendering Smart Mobilities. - : Taylor and Francis. - 9780429882135 ; , s. 143-161
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Achieving sustainability requires changing the way people think about and solve transportation problems, and transport planning essentially requires a paradigm shift. From the perspectives of the sustainability challenge we may assume that the planning practices need to be revamped: but which practices and whose practices are to be changed? Relying upon studies on regional transport planning, including focus groups, interviews, and workshops in Sweden, this chapter ties the concepts of gender equality to contemporary planning and sustainable ‘smart’ mobility. The aim is to analyse and discuss ways in which knowledge about gender equality is reflected and elaborated in long-term planning practice on a regional level. From the planning practices discussed in focus groups, it seemed that both gender equality and diversity were perceived as difficult thematic areas in regional transport planning, and that more knowledge and experience as well as directives and steering were needed. It was pointed out that there exists some knowledge but there were weak structures for how this knowledge could be incorporated into the planning processes. Conflicting practices are also noticeable. Finally, while new thoughts about social sustainability are being attached to planning practices, popular beliefs still tilt towards assuming that transport planning is and can be gender neutral.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-
(författare)
-
How may public transport influence the practice of everyday life among younger and older people and how may their practices influence public transport?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Social Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-0760. ; 8:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines public transport use through the lens of practice to understand the perspectives of two categories of public transport users: Younger and older people. In taking this approach, we assume that the forms of mobility in a society are dependent on citizens' everyday practices and on the structures of the cities, landscapes, etc. Transport needs and accessibility may vary depending on contexts (i.e., where and how we live) and on the various resources of groups of citizens. Results indicated that younger people are repeatedly referred to public transport to meet their mobility needs, while older people are more often car-dependent. Local variations, among both younger and older people, indicate higher confidence in public transport in big and medium-sized cities and a greater desire for car ownership in small cities. For the transition to sustainable mobility, e.g., public transport, transport associations and local governments should be responsive to the practice of everyday life among citizens: e.g., younger people's leisure activities in afternoons and weekends, and older people's wish for accessible transport service outside the dominant flow of passengers and their daily commuting practice. The data come from Sweden, specifically from focus groups with teenagers aged 14-16 years and retired people aged 63-97 years.
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| 43. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
How to apply gender equality goals in transport and infrastructure planning
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Integrating Gender into Transport Planning: From One to Many Tracks. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030050429 - 9783030050412 ; , s. 89-118
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Working systematically on gender mainstreaming in transport infrastructure entails implementing a gender perspective in all stages of decision-making, planning and execution. In light of the sustainability goals introduced through the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, this chapter presents a model of how to address gender mainstreaming in transport planning in a more systematic way. Previous research has addressed the gender-equality goals in Sweden; now, we suggest how to explore the model in an international context. Our research is influenced by the fields of social impact assessment (SIA) and strategic environmental assessment (SEA), which we have combined into a model for integrating gender equality into transport planning. We call it gender impact assessment (GIA). The model has been developed over ten years of research into how gender-equality goals are implemented in transport planning. The model is objectives-led, goal-oriented, and adapted to planning practice.We argue that an objectives-led approach to GIA could further develop transport planning with regard to gender mainstreaming. First, this approach to GIA could improve the outcomes of transport planning and second, this model of GIA would provide an assessment of whether or not various strategic actions are moving in the desired direction. This means that transport planners would be able to evaluate the fulfilment of the 2030 Agenda goals or national gender-equality goals. Third, GIA would establish assessment criteria to be used for testing the effects on gender equality of strategic actions of transport plans. Fourth and finally, this approach to GIA also highlights potential goal conflicts.
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| 44. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-
(författare)
-
How to Integrate Gender Equality in the Future of “Smart” Mobility : A Matter for a Changing Planning Practice
- 2019
-
Ingår i: HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems. HCII 2019. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030226664 - 9783030226657 ; , s. 393-412
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable transport is one of the key challenges of the UN and EU to ensure to meet society’s economic, social and environmental needs whilst minimising undesirable impacts. From the perspectives of the sustainability, we may assume that the emphasis should move in direction to changing the practice: but exactly what practice and who’s practices are to be changed? One way is to investigate gendered mobilities. The main differences in mobility patterns between women and men at a general level, are found in modal choice and travel distance. Women’s practices tend to be related to the most sustainable means of transport, while men’s practices are related to more un-sustainable transport. Relying on studies on transport planning including focus groups, interviews and workshops in Sweden, this paper ties the concepts of gender equality, to contemporary planning and sustainable “smart” mobility, and investigates in what way knowledge about gender equality is elaborated in regional planning practice. It appeared from the interviews that both gender equality and diversity were perceived as difficult in regional transport planning and that more knowledge and experience were needed. It was pointed out that there existed some knowledge but that there were no structures for how it could be incorporated into the planning process. Noticeable are conflicting practices, while policy on gender equality are attached to the planning there are still beliefs that transport planning can be gender neutral and free from social impacts. The smart mobility approach promises improvements of mobility and access opportunities for all.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-
(författare)
-
Massmedial gestaltning och vardagsförståelse : Versioner av en arbetsplatsomvandling
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last years, we have witnessed many restructurings of workplaces. This thesis focuses on one particular event, the reduction and reorganization of the garrison of Eksjö in Sweden where hundreds of personnel were involved These changes were covered by the mass media and naturally talked about in semi-public and private places.Language is viewed here as a social practice, in which people tell versions of the event in order to do things. The argument is that the understanding of the full complexity of news events requires an approachbased on more than one communicative arena and including versions both of news media and of those who are actually involved in the news events. Accordingly the study is based on analyses of media texts, i.e. local news, and talk in focus groups combined with ethnographic fieldwork as major methods.The data were analysed with an emphasis on recurrent themes and discursive actors. The purpose was to discover what versions of the event were formulated in the media coverage, and to investigate how these versions correspond with those told by people more directly involved in the event. The results show differences and similarities between various versions of what was occurring. Specific themes and actors occurred in both newspaper articles and focus-group talk. One such theme was phasing out and development. Other themes revolved around anxiety, uncertainty, and the local struggle against the reduction.The media presented a dramatic beginning, followed by a struggle for the future that ended in some sort of closing stages, pointing at improvement and recovery. The mediated discourses strived for unmasking the truth, tried to point out how things really were and to tell what was going to happen next. The focus groups, on the other hand presented somewhat different versions of the event. More of a rapid, unfinished, aimless change, taking place along circular courses. According to some of the focus-group actors, the reorganization had made things at the workplace more complicated. Stories, metaphors and the use of hypothetical actors pointed to oppositions and ambiguities in the conceptualization of the process.In parts of the media discourse, actors were pictured as v.rinners and losers. Some actors (beside journalists themselves) were dominating the news; they were often cited or referred to (i.e., politicians, highrankingofficers, certain experts). Others (i.e., ordinary personnel) were often talked about as victims and seldom spoke independently or seemed to act from a position of influence. One conclusion is that agency and responsibility were, in this way, unevenly distributed in the media discourse. Here it is discussed in terms of dilemmas for journalists/journalism, the media and democracy.
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| 48. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-
(författare)
-
Massmedialkategorisering av äldre i arbetslivet : Den som blir arbetslös vid 50 års ålder får räkna med att gå arbetslös fram till pensionen
- 2009. - 1
-
Ingår i: Åldrande, åldersordning, ålderism. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173937139 ; , s. 105-120
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detta kapitel kommer att handla om kategorisering av ålder i arbetslivet med fokus på den "äldre" arbetskraften och hur den skildras av massmedier. Utgångspunkten är att åldersdiskriminering handlar om negativ särbehandling på grund av ålder. Om exempelvis tjänster eller arbetsuppgifter på en arbetsplats fördelas mot bakgrund av antaganden om att ålder och kompetens hör samman då har det tydliga ålderistiska inslag. Jag vill även hävda att beskrivningar av individer och grupper av individer kan omfattas av ålderismbegreppet och ha ålderistiska inslag, exempelvis massmediers skildringar av äldre personers prestationer eller tillkortakommanden i olika sammanhang. Omorganisation av arbetsplatser är tydliga exempel där ålder har använts (som en kategori) för att definiera människor som ska få tillgång till eller bör avvecklas från vissa tjänster/arbeten och när det har ansetts att personalen behövt föryngras har man exempelvis satt ett ålderstak och erbjudit tidig avgång med pension för dem som hamnat över ålderstaket (t.ex. 50, 55, 60 år). Vid försvarsomvandlingen 1999–2000 infördes så kallad särskild pension (SP) för officerare 55+ och för civilanställda 58+. Även om ålder inte får utgöra grunden för uppsägning kan åldern ha betydelse för hur man resonerar på ledningsnivå, fackligt och i olika arbetsgrupper. Vissa kategoriseringar kan få ålderistiska inslag och kan genom sådana särskilda pensionsåtgärder få fäste i en organisation och även sippra ut i en så kallad "offentlig diskurs". Inte minst i massmedier av olika slag kan kategorierna få fäste.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Levin, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Methods and tools for gender mainstreaming in Swedish transport planning
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender mainstreaming has been the Swedish government's strategy for gender equality policies since the Government Bill Shared Responsibility came into effect in 1993–1994. A transport policy objective of gender equality was introduced in 2001 and modified in 2009. How gender equality in transport should be interpreted and clarified has been discussed and studied by various operators since its introduction. A characteristic feature in many discussions has been a focus on differences in men's and women's travel patterns. Differences in travel patterns have been interpreted to mean that women and men have different values and needs. However, these over-simplifications both of men’s and women’s travel patterns and of their mobility needs often result in stereotypes.The aim of this paper is to bring in a critical approach to generalisation of men’s and women’s travel patterns. The purpose is to present a method of how to work with gender mainstreaming in transport planning, and to provide tools to make systematic gender impact assessments adapted to the Swedish context of gender mainstreaming.[1]The method we propose is based on methods and quality requirements similar to those existing in the fields of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and social impact assessment (SIA)[2]. That is: the method should be appropriate, effective, knowledge-based and open to participation and criticism.• Appropriate means it should be useful as a knowledge base for planning and decision. Consequences should be discernible, and key issues (project-based and business-based) should be clearly defined. • Effective means it can be implemented systematically, and can be structured with the intention of affecting the planning and project solution. It also means that resources should be available in terms of time and money.• Knowledge-based means that it should be based on rationality and professionalism. It should be designed according to good scientific practice and implemented using methods and techniques that are applicable. • Open means that discussions should take place both within the project organization and in open consultation. These discussions should be included in the reports produced and in the decision making process.[1] Faith-Ell, C., & Levin, L. (2013). Kön i trafiken. Jämställdhet i kommunal transportplanering [Gender Mainstreaming. Guidance for Regional and Local Transport Planners]. Stockholm: SKL, Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting.[2] Vanclay, F. & Esteves, A.M. (2012). New Directions in Social Impact Assessment. Conceptual and Methodological Advances. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
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