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1.	Hu, Jinhong, et al. (författare) Safety and immunogenicity of a malaria vaccine, Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1/MSP-1 chimeric protein formulated in montanide ISA 720 in healthy adults 2008 Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 3:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: The P. falciparum chimeric protein 2.9 (PfCP-2.9) consisting of the sequences of MSP1-19 and AMA-1 (III) is a malaria vaccine candidate that was found to induce inhibitory antibodies in rabbits and monkeys. This was a phase I randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the PfCP-2.9 formulated with a novel adjuvant Montanide ISA720. Fifty-two subjects were randomly assigned to 4 dose groups of 10 participants, each receiving the test vaccine of 20, 50, 100, or 200 microg respectively, and 1 placebo group of 12 participants receiving the adjuvant only.METHODS AND FINDINGS: The vaccine formulation was shown to be safe and well-tolerated, and none of the participants withdrew. The total incidence of local adverse events (AEs) was 75%, distributed among 58% of the placebo group and 80% of those vaccinated. Among the vaccinated, 65% had events that were mild and 15% experienced moderate AEs. Almost all systemic adverse reactions observed in this study were graded as mild and required no therapy. The participants receiving the test vaccine developed detectable antibody responses which were boosted by the repeated vaccinations. Sixty percent of the vaccinated participants had high ELISA titers (>1:10,000) of antigen-specific antibodies which could also recognize native parasite proteins in an immunofluorescence assay (IFA).CONCLUSION: This study is the first clinical trial for this candidate and builds on previous investigations supporting PfCP-2.9/ISA720 as a promising blood-stage malaria vaccine. Results demonstrate safety, tolerability (particularly at the lower doses tested) and immunogenicity of the formulation. Further clinical development is ongoing to explore optimizing the dose and schedule of the formulation to decrease reactogenicity without compromising immunogenicity.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) 2002SL0046; Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN66850051 [66850051].
2.	Li, Nannan, et al. (författare) Phytolith and simulation evidence for precipitation-modulated vegetation dynamics along the East Asian monsoon margin 2022 Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-0182. ; 590 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract An improved understanding of past interactions between terrestrial vegetation and various forcings, such as climate change, human impact, and paleofire, is crucial for assessing impacts of future global change on terrestrial ecosystems. This study seeks to find the key factor or factors that have driven Holocene vegetation change along the East Asian monsoon margin. Several high-resolution pollen records are reviewed and new phytolith-based paleovegetation reconstructions and physical geochemical datasets are presented from a peatland in northeastern China. Using 108 modern topsoil samples as a training set, canopy cover and vegetation composition are estimated for the period since 5100 cal. yr BP. Variation partitioning analysis (VPA) is used to determine the relative importance of climate change, human impacts, and paleofire disturbance. The generalized dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS is forced with climate anomaly output from an atmospheric general circulation model to simulate vegetation dynamics during the mid-Holocene and the pre-industrial era. The proxy-based estimates are compared to modelling output. Results indicate that regional tree cover varied from 10% to 40% during the past five millennia. The single-core, phytolith-based reconstructions are generally consistent with stacked tree pollen z-scores calculated from different records along the East Asian monsoon margin, implying that mid-Holocene tree cover decrease was persistent and almost synchronous over extensive areas. VPA demonstrates that long-term monsoon marginal vegetation successions were mainly caused by climate effects. Numerical modelling suggests that since the mid-Holocene the retreat of forests along the monsoon margin was primarily associated with precipitation deficits. Our investigation highlights that the precipitation associated with the East Asian monsoon system has exerted a stronger influence than the westerlies on the monsoon margin climate and vegetation change. With ongoing global change, close attention to variations in precipitation patterns and amounts should be especially helpful in efforts aimed at ecological monitoring, change prediction, and restoration.
3.	Wang, Dandan, et al. (författare) Ultrafast carrier dynamics of near-band-edge emission in single-crystal ZnO nanorods 2011 Ingår i: Materials research bulletin. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0025-5408 .- 1873-4227. ; 46:6, s. 937-940 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We report on rational synthesis and optical characteristics of highly crystallined ZnO nanorods which were grown by a facile chemical vapor transport method. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of as-fabricated ZnO nanorods are dominated by near-band-edge emission with a characteristic fine structure due to high crystallinity. Furthermore, the recombination emission involving carrier dynamics of near-band-edge emission in ZnO nanorods was systematically investigated by temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Recombination peaks pertaining to the exciton emissions are monitored and resolved in both temporal and spatial regimes.
4.	Yu, Miao, et al. (författare) SERS study of single-walled carbon nanotubes on silver films deposited on different substrates 2003 Ingår i: Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities / Gao Deng Xue Xiao Hua Xue Xue Bao. - : Chinese Electronic Periodical Services. - 0251-0790. ; 24:6, s. 1285-1288 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on silver films deposited on various substrates, including sapphire, quartz and glass, has been studied systematically. The characteristic features of G-band and D-band have been analyzed and compared with arc discharged and laser ablation samples. D-band is much more sensitive than G-band. The position and the intensity of the G-band in SERS spectra depend on substrates. The peak shift and absolute intensity of G-band on sapphire is obviously larger than that on glass. The contribution of high frequency vibrations to the D-band is also deendent on substrates. Compared to the SWNTs samples with a high semiconducting tube concentration, the sample with high metallic tube concentration has a stronger interaction with silver films.
5.	Zhou, Yin, et al. (författare) Inflammation and Apoptosis: Dual Mediator Role for Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Development of Necrotizing Enterocolitis 2017 Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 23:1, s. 44-56 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of neonatal gastrointestinal mortality; effective interventions are lacking with limited understanding of the pathogenesis of NEC. The importance of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in NEC is well documented; however, the potential mechanisms that regulate enterocyte inflammation and apoptosis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of TLR4-mediated inflammation and apoptosis in the development of NEC and to determine the major apoptotic pathways and regulators in the process. Methods: TLR4-deficient C57BL/10ScNJ mice and lentivirus-mediated stable TLR4-silent cell line (IEC-6) were used. NEC was induced by formula gavage, cold, hypoxia, combined with lipopolysaccharide in vivo or lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro. Enterocyte apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL or Annexin analysis. The expression of TLR4, caspase3, caspase8, caspase9, Bip, Bax, Bcl-2, and RIP was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-2 were examined by Luminex. Results: Defect of TLR4 led to suppressed enterocytes apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo; the expression of caspase3, caspase8, Bip, and Bax was decreased; and caspase9 and Bcl-2 were increased. NEC severity was attenuated in TLR4-deficient mice compared with wild-type counterparts, and enterocytes apoptosis was correlated with NEC severity. RIP and cytokine level of tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-2 were also decreased. Conclusions: TLR4-induced inflammation and apoptosis play a critical role in the pathogenesis of NEC. TLR4 inhibition, combined with extrinsic (caspase8) and/or endoplasmic reticulum stress (Bip) apoptosis signaling blockade could serve as a potential effective treating strategy for NEC.
6.	Ali, Zaheer, et al. (författare) Synchronized tissue-scale vasculogenesis and ubiquitous lateral sprouting underlie the unique architecture of the choriocapillaris 2020 Ingår i: Developmental Biology. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0012-1606 .- 1095-564X. ; 457:2, s. 206-214 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The choriocapillaris is an exceptionally high density, two-dimensional, sheet-like capillary network, characterized by the highest exchange rate of nutrients for waste products per area in the organism. These unique morphological and physiological features are critical for supporting the extreme metabolic requirements of the outer retina needed for vision. The developmental mechanisms and processes responsible for generating this unique vascular network remain, however, poorly understood. Here we take advantage of the zebrafish as a model organism for gaining novel insights into the cellular dynamics and molecular signaling mechanisms involved in the development of the choriocapillaris. We show for the first time that zebrafish have a choriocapillaris highly similar to that in mammals, and that it is initially formed by a novel process of synchronized vasculogenesis occurring simultaneously across the entire outer retina. This initial vascular network expands by un-inhibited sprouting angiogenesis whereby all endothelial cells adopt tip-cell characteristics, a process which is sustained throughout embryonic and early post-natal development, even after the choriocapillaris becomes perfused. Ubiquitous sprouting was maintained by continuous VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells delaying maturation until immediately before stages where vision becomes important for survival, leading to the unparalleled high density and lobular structure of this vasculature. Sprouting was throughout development limited to two dimensions by Bruchs membrane and the sclera at the anterior and posterior surfaces respectively. These novel cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying choriocapillaris development were recapitulated in mice. In conclusion, our findings reveal novel mechanisms underlying the development of the choriocapillaris during zebrafish and mouse development. These results may explain the uniquely high density and sheet-like organization of this vasculature.
7.	Bettegowda, Chetan, et al. (författare) Detection of circulating tumor DNA in early- and late-stage human malignancies 2014 Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 6:224, s. 224ra24- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The development of noninvasive methods to detect and monitor tumors continues to be a major challenge in oncology. We used digital polymerase chain reaction-based technologies to evaluate the ability of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect tumors in 640 patients with various cancer types. We found that ctDNA was detectable in >75% of patients with advanced pancreatic, ovarian, colorectal, bladder, gastroesophageal, breast, melanoma, hepatocellular, and head and neck cancers, but in less than 50% of primary brain, renal, prostate, or thyroid cancers. In patients with localized tumors, ctDNA was detected in 73, 57, 48, and 50% of patients with colorectal cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast adenocarcinoma, respectively. ctDNA was often present in patients without detectable circulating tumor cells, suggesting that these two biomarkers are distinct entities. In a separate panel of 206 patients with metastatic colorectal cancers, we showed that the sensitivity of ctDNA for detection of clinically relevant KRAS gene mutations was 87.2% and its specificity was 99.2%. Finally, we assessed whether ctDNA could provide clues into the mechanisms underlying resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor blockade in 24 patients who objectively responded to therapy but subsequently relapsed. Twenty-three (96%) of these patients developed one or more mutations in genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Together, these data suggest that ctDNA is a broadly applicable, sensitive, and specific biomarker that can be used for a variety of clinical and research purposes in patients with multiple different types of cancer.
8.	Cheng, M., et al. (författare) Oxidation of Ammonia by Ilmenite under Conditions Relevant to Chemical-Looping Combustion 2015 Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 29:12, s. 8126-8134 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The oxidation of ammonia to NOx and N-2 was investigated under conditions that pertain to the fuel reactor during the chemical-lopping combustion of coal with ilmenite. The catalytic decomposition of NH3, the oxidation of NH3 over ihnenite, and the reduction of NO by reduced ilmenite and NH3 were studied experimentally. The catalytic decomposition of NH3, NO reduction by NH3, and reduced ilmenite were found to be important for N-2 formation. NH3 oxidation over ilmenite was the only way in which NO could be formed in this systerri, with around 18% the NH3 being converted to NO at 850-950 degrees C, The oxidation of NH3 was only slightly influenced by the reactor temperature but was strongly influenced by the concentrations of NH3 and syngas. NO formation was,promoted by high concentrations of NH3 and decreased by high concentrations of syngas. The selectivity of the NH3 toward-NO formation was favored at low concentrations of NH3 and syngas. The conversion of NH3 was complete in most cases, although 15-25% of the NH3 was not converted when the inlet syngas concentration increased to levels higher than 10-30%.
9.	Ge, C. R., et al. (författare) Antibodies to Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Are Pathogenic in Mice and May Be Clinically Relevant in Rheumatoid Arthritis 2022 Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is an autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and experimental models of arthritis. This study was undertaken to investigate the structure, function, and relevance of anti-COMP antibodies. Methods We investigated the pathogenicity of monoclonal anti-COMP antibodies in mice using passive transfer experiments, and we explored the interaction of anti-COMP antibodies with cartilage using immunohistochemical staining. The interaction of the monoclonal antibody 15A11 in complex with its specific COMP epitope P6 was determined by x-ray crystallography. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a surface plasma resonance technique were used to study the modulation of calcium ion binding to 15A11. The clinical relevance and value of serum IgG specific to the COMP P6 epitope and its citrullinated variants were evaluated in a large Swedish cohort of RA patients. Results The murine monoclonal anti-COMP antibody 15A11 induced arthritis in naive mice. The crystal structure of the 15A11-P6 complex explained how the antibody could bind to COMP, which can be modulated by calcium ions. Moreover, serum IgG specific to the COMP P6 peptide and its citrullinated variants was detectable at significantly higher levels in RA patients compared to healthy controls and correlated with a higher disease activity score. Conclusion Our findings provide the structural basis for binding a pathogenic anti-COMP antibody to cartilage. The recognized epitope can be citrullinated, and levels of antibodies to this epitope are elevated in RA patients and correlate with higher disease activity, implicating a pathogenic role of anti-COMP antibodies in a subset of RA patients.
10.	He, Yibo, et al. (författare) A subset of antibodies targeting citrullinated proteins confers protection from rheumatoid arthritis. 2023 Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Although elevated levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the in vivo functions of these antibodies remain unclear. Here, we have expressed monoclonal ACPAs derived from patients with RA, and analyzed their functions in mice, as well as their specificities. None of the ACPAs showed arthritogenicity nor induced pain-associated behavior in mice. However, one of the antibodies, clone E4, protected mice from antibody-induced arthritis. E4 showed a binding pattern restricted to skin, macrophages and dendritic cells in lymphoid tissue, and cartilage derived from mouse and human arthritic joints. Proteomic analysis confirmed that E4 strongly binds to macrophages and certainRA synovial fluid proteins such as α-enolase. The protective effect of E4 was epitope-specific and dependent on the interaction between E4-citrullinated α-enolase immune complexes with FCGR2B on macrophages, resulting in increased IL-10 secretion and reduced osteoclastogenesis. These findings suggest that a subset of ACPAs have therapeutic potential in RA.
11.	Ji, Guomin, et al. (författare) Enhanced rectifying performance by asymmetrical gate voltage for BDC20 molecular devices 2014 Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 4:32, s. 16537-16544 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract By applying the asymmetrical gate voltage on the 1,4-bis (fullero[c]pyrrolidin-1-yl) benzene BDC20 molecule, we investigate theoretically its electronic transport properties using the density functional theory and nonequilibrium Greens function formalism for a unimolecule device with metal electrodes. Interestingly, the rectifying characteristic with very high rectification ratio, 91.7 and 24.0, can be obtained when the gate voltage is asymmetrically applied on the BDC20 molecular device. The rectification direction can be tuned by the different gate voltage applying regions. The rectification behavior is understood in terms of the evolution of the transmission spectrum and projected density of states spectrum with applied bias combined with molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian states analyses. Our finding implies that to realize and greatly promote rectifying performance of the BDC20 molecule the variable gate voltage applying position might be a key
12.	Ji, Guomin, et al. (författare) Rectifying behaviors of an Au/(C-20)(2)/Au molecular device induced by the different positions of gate voltage 2012 Ingår i: RSC ADVANCES. - : RSC Publishing. - 2046-2069. ; 2:30, s. 11349-11353 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The electronic transport properties of a gated Au/(C-20)(2)/Au molecular device are studied using nonequilibrium Greens function in combination with density functional theory. The results show that different applied positions of the external transverse gate voltage can effectively tune the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of molecular devices. Rectifying behaviors of the device can be realized when the gate voltage is applied asymmetrically on the left C-20 molecule, and the rectification directions can also be modulated by the positive or negative value of the gate voltage. These results provide an important theoretical support to experiments and the design of a molecular rectifier.
13.	Li, Marcella, et al. (författare) A Report on the International Transglutaminase Autoantibody Workshop for Celiac Disease 2009 Ingår i: American Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1572-0241 .- 0002-9270. ; 104:1, s. 154-163 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVES: Measurement of transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGAA) is considered to be the most efficient single serologic test for celiac disease (CD) by the American Gastroenterological Association Institute. We hypothesized that a large international collaborative effort toward improving and standardizing TGAA measurement is both feasible and necessary. The primary aim of this workshop is to compare TGAA assays among various research and clinical laboratories and examine assay concordance and improve (and eventually standardize) the TGAA assay. METHODS: A total of 20 laboratories (5 commercial laboratories, 15 research and clinical laboratories) participated that included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radiobinding assays. A total of 150 serum samples were distributed to each laboratory, with each laboratory receiving an equal aliquot that was coded and blinded, composed of 100 healthy control sera and 50 CD sera. RESULTS: Laboratory sensitivity ranged from 69% to 93% and specificity ranged from 96% to 100%. By receiver operator characteristic analysis, the area under the curve (C index) ranged from 0.9488 to 0.9904. When analyzing for linear correlation, r-squared was as high as 0.8882 but as low as 0.4244 for the celiac samples between different laboratories performing ELISA. CONCLUSIONS: This transglutaminase autoantibody workshop allows for larger-scale international participation for the purposes of improving and eventually standardizing the TGAA assay with subsequent workshops.
14.	Li, Yanpeng, et al. (författare) Cartilage-binding antibodies initiate joint inflammation and promote chronic erosive arthritis 2020 Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : BMC. - 1478-6362. ; 22 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Antibodies binding to cartilage proteins are present in the blood and synovial fluid of early rheumatoid arthritis patients. In order to develop animal models mimicking the human disease, we have characterized the arthritogenic capacity of monoclonal antibodies directed towards different joint proteins in the cartilage.Methods: Purified antibodies specific to unmodified or citrullinated collagen type II (CII), collagen type XI (CXI), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) were produced as culture supernatant, affinity purified, pooled as antibody cocktails (Cab3 and Cab4), and injected intravenously into mice to induce arthritis. An adjuvant (lipopolysaccharide or mannan) was subsequently injected intraperitoneally on either day 5 or day 60 to enhance arthritis. Antibody binding and complement activation on the cartilage surface were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods. Bone erosions and joint deformations were analyzed by histological assessments, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and micro-CT. Luminex was used to detect CII-triple helical epitope-specific antibody responses.Results: The new cartilage antibody cocktails induced an earlier and more severe disease than anti-CII antibody cocktail. Many of the mouse strains used developed severe arthritis with 3 antibodies, binding to collagen II, collagen XI, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (the Cab3 cocktail). Two new models of arthritis including Cab3-induced LPS-enhanced arthritis (lpsCAIA) and Cab3-induced mannan-enhanced arthritis (mCAIA) were established, causing severe bone erosions and bone loss, as well as epitope spreading of the B cell response. Cab4, with addition of an antibody to citrullinated collagen II, induced arthritis more efficiently in moderately susceptible C57BL/6 J mice.Conclusions: The new mouse model for RA induced with cartilage antibodies allows studies of chronic development of arthritis and epitope spreading of the autoimmune response and bone erosion.
15.	Liu, Bingbing, et al. (författare) Resistivity and fractal structure in carbon nanotube networks 2002 Ingår i: Journal of Physics Condensed Matter vol. 14 issue 44. - Bristol : Institute of Physics. ; , s. 11125-11129 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract We have measured the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the resistance for bulk samples of single-walled nanotubes treated in different ways. Hydrostatic pressure-treated samples and as-grown samples show a two-dimensional variable-range hopping behaviour while samples treated in non-hydrostatic pressure or in acid for a long time show a three-dimensional transport behaviour. We suggest that the observed two-dimensional behaviour arises from a network structure with a fractal dimension lower than three.
16.	Ma, Tan, et al. (författare) Effects of In Utero Exposure to Di-n-Butyl Phthalate on Testicular Development in Rat 2017 Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 14:10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Humans are inevitably exposed to ubiquitous phthalate esters (PAEs). In utero exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) induces abnormal development of the testis and reproductive tract in male offspring, which correspond closely with the human condition of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS)-like syndrome. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, pregnant rats were orally exposed to either corn oil (controls) or DBP at three different doses by gavage during Gestational Days 12.5-21.5. Pathological examinations were performed for toxicity evaluation. Proliferation and apoptosis related proteins (ras related dexamethasone induced 1 (Rasd1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases1/2 (MEK1/2), Bcl-2, and Bax) were measured for mechanisms exploration. The results showed that different doses of DBP caused male developmental and reproductive toxicity in rats, including the decrease of anogenital distance (AGD), the histological damage of testis, and apoptosis of seminiferous tubule cells. Our data suggested that DBP played chronic and continuous toxic roles on male reproductive system by disrupting expression of Rasd1 and MEK1/2 as well as Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Further research is warranted.
17.	Normann, Fredrik, 1982, et al. (författare) Oxidation of ammonia over a copper oxide-containing solid oxygen carrier with oxygen uncoupling capability 2016 Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-2921 .- 0010-2180. ; 165, s. 445-452 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Measurements and modelling of the oxidation of ammonia over copper oxide (CuO) under conditions relevant to chemical-looping combustion with oxygen uncoupling show that CuO fully converts NH3 into NO or N-2 under most of these conditions. Our experiments demonstrate that considerable amounts of NO are formed when the oxygen carrier is fully oxidised. Decreasing the degree of oxidation of the oxygen carrier affected the selectivity of the NH3 oxidation towards NO. Ageing of the oxygen carrier had a similar effect. Modelling suggests that these results reflect a change in the rate of oxygen release from the CuO particles.
18.	Wu, Biying, et al. (författare) Megakaryocytes Mediate Hyperglycemia-Induced Tumor Metastasis 2021 Ingår i: Cancer Research. - : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 81:21, s. 5506-5522 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract High blood glucose has long been established as a risk factor for tumor metastasis, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this association have not been elucidated. Here we describe that hyperglycemia promotes tumor metastasis via increased platelet activity. Administration of glucose, but not fructose, reprogrammed the metabolism of megakaryocytes to indirectly prime platelets into a prometastatic phenotype with increased adherence to tumor cells. In megakaryocytes, a glucose metabolism-related gene array identified the mitochondrial molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) as a trigger for platelet activation and aggregation by stimulating the Ca2+-PKC alpha pathway. Genetic depletion of Glut1 in megakaryocytes blocked MYC-induced GRP75 expression. Pharmacologic blockade of platelet GRP75 compromised tumor-induced platelet activation and reduced metastasis. Moreover, in a pilot clinical study, drinking a 5% glucose solution elevated platelet GRP75 expression and activated platelets in healthy volunteers. Platelets from these volunteers promoted tumor metastasis in a plateletadoptive transfer mouse model. Together, under hyperglycemic conditions, MYC-induced upregulation of GRP75 in megakaryocytes increases platelet activation via the Ca2+-PKC alpha pathway to promote cancer metastasis, providing a potential new therapeutic target for preventing metastasis. Significance: This study provides mechanistic insights into a glucose-megakaryocyte-platelet axis that promotes metastasis and proposes an antimetastatic therapeutic approach by targeting the mitochondrial protein GRP75.
19.	Xiong, Ailun, et al. (författare) Queen Bees : How Is Female Managers' Happiness Determined? 2022 Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper aims to study the determinants of subjective happiness among working females with a focus on female managers. Drawn on a large social survey data set (N = 10470) in China, this paper constructs gender development index at sub-national levels to study how institutional settings are related to female managers' happiness. We find that female managers report higher levels of happiness than non-managerial employees. However, the promoting effect is contingent on individual characteristics and social-economic settings. The full sample regression suggests that female managers behaving in a masculine way generally report a high level of happiness. Meanwhile, female managers who refuse to support gender equality report low happiness levels. Sub-sample analysis reveals that these causalities are conditioned on regional culture. Masculine behavior and gender role orientation significantly predict subjective happiness only in gender-egalitarian regions. This study is one of the first to consider both internal (individual traits) and external (social-economic environment) factors when investigating how female managers' happiness is impacted. Also, this study challenges the traditional wisdom on the relationship between female managers' job satisfaction and work-home conflict. This study extends the literature by investigating the impacts of female managers' masculine behavior on their happiness. This study is useful for promoting female managers' leadership effectiveness and happiness.
20.	Xu, L. H., et al. (författare) Cu-Modified Manganese Ore as an Oxygen Carrier for Chemical Looping Combustion 2014 Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 28:11, s. 7085-7092 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A new type of Mn-based oxygen carrier was prepared by impregnating manganese ore with copper nitrate solution. Cyclic reduction and oxidation reactivity of the materials was investigated in a fluidized-bed reactor. The potential use of these oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion (CLC) was examined. The reactivity of the manganese ore can be highly improved by impregnation of copper. The reactivity of the oxygen carrier reduction is higher with a larger amount of copper impregnated. However, the degree of the reactivity enhancement is not proportional to the amount of copper doped on the oxygen carriers. An important finding is that, even with low Cu loading, such as 0.5 wt % copper impregnated on manganese, the period with full CO conversion can be enhanced 6 times. A very interesting phenomenon is that the Cu-modified manganese ore can completely convert CO, even at a low temperature, such as 500 degrees C. This study proves that the reactivity of the manganese ore could be significantly improved by impregnating copper, even with a small amount. The copper impregnation method could be very promising to improve the reactivity of the manganese ore as oxygen carriers for CLC.
21.	Xu, Zhongwei, et al. (författare) A subset of type-II collagen-binding antibodies prevents experimental arthritis by inhibiting FCGR3 signaling in neutrophils 2023 Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves several classes of pathogenic autoantibodies, some of which react with type-II collagen (COL2) in articular cartilage. We previously described a subset of COL2 antibodies targeting the F4 epitope (ERGLKGHRGFT) that could be regulatory. Here, using phage display, we developed recombinant antibodies against this epitope and examined the underlying mechanism of action. One of these antibodies, R69-4, protected against cartilage antibody- and collagen-induced arthritis in mice, but not autoimmune disease models independent of arthritogenic autoantibodies. R69-4 was further shown to cross-react with a large range of proteins within the inflamed synovial fluid, such as the complement protein C1q. Complexed R69-4 inhibited neutrophil FCGR3 signaling, thereby impairing downstream IL-1β secretion and neutrophil self-orchestrated recruitment. Likewise, human isotypes of R69-4 protected against arthritis with comparable efficiency. We conclude that R69-4 abrogates autoantibody-mediated arthritis mainly by hindering FCGR3 signaling, highlighting its potential clinical utility in acute RA.
22.	Yan, Xiaoyu, et al. (författare) MCC950 Ameliorates Diabetic Muscle Atrophy in Mice by Inhibition of Pyroptosis and Its Synergistic Effect with Aerobic Exercise 2024 Ingår i: Molecules. - 1420-3049. ; 29:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Diabetic muscle atrophy is an inflammation-related complication of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Even though regular exercise prevents further deterioration of atrophic status, there is no effective mediator available for treatment and the underlying cellular mechanisms are less explored. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of MCC950, a specific, small-molecule inhibitor of NLRP3, to treat pyroptosis and diabetic muscle atrophy in mice. Furthermore, we used MCC950 to intervene in the protective effects of aerobic exercise against muscle atrophy in diabetic mice. Blood and gastrocnemius muscle (GAS) samples were collected after 12 weeks of intervention and the atrophic state was assessed. We initially corroborated a diabetic muscle atrophy phenotype in db/db mice (D) by comparison with control m/m mice (W) by examining parameters such as fasting blood glucose (D vs. W: 24.47 ± 0.45 mmol L−1 vs. 4.26 ± 0.6 mmol L−1, p < 0.05), grip strength (D vs. W: 166.87 ± 15.19 g vs. 191.76 ± 14.13 g, p < 0.05), exercise time (D vs. W: 1082.38 ± 104.67 s vs. 1716 ± 168.55 s, p < 0.05) and exercise speed to exhaustion (D vs. W: 24.25 ± 2.12 m min−1 vs. 34.75 ± 2.66 m min−1, p < 0.05), GAS wet weight (D vs. W: 0.07 ± 0.01 g vs. 0.13 ± 0.01 g, p < 0.05), the ratio of GAS wet weight to body weight (D vs. W: 0.18 ± 0.01% vs. 0.54 ± 0.02%, p < 0.05), and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (FCSA) (D vs. W: 1875 ± 368.19 µm2 vs. 2747.83 ± 406.44 µm2, p < 0.05). We found that both MCC950 (10 mg kg−1) treatment and exercise improved the atrophic parameters that had deteriorated in the db/db mice, inhibited serum inflammatory markers and significantly attenuated pyroptosis in atrophic GAS. In addition, a combined MCC950 treatment with exercise (DEI) exhibited a further improvement in glucose uptake capacity and muscle performance. This combined treatment also improved the FCSA of GAS muscle indicated by Laminin immunofluorescence compared to the group with the inhibitor treatment alone (DI) (DEI vs. DI: 2597 ± 310.97 vs. 1974.67 ± 326.15 µm2, p < 0.05) or exercise only (DE) (DEI vs. DE: 2597 ± 310.97 vs. 2006.33 ± 263.468 µm2, p < 0.05). Intriguingly, the combination of MCC950 treatment and exercise significantly reduced NLRP3-mediated inflammatory factors such as cleaved-Caspase-1, GSDMD-N and prevented apoptosis and pyroptosis in atrophic GAS. These findings for the first time demonstrate that targeting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis with MCC950 improves diabetic muscle homeostasis and muscle function. We also report that inhibiting pyroptosis by MCC950 can enhance the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on diabetic muscle atrophy. Since T2DM and muscle atrophy are age-related diseases, the young mice used in the current study do not seem to fully reflect the characteristics of diabetic muscle atrophy. Considering the fragile nature of db/db mice and for the complete implementation of the exercise intervention, we used relatively young db/db mice and the atrophic state in the mice was thoroughly confirmed. Taken together, the current study comprehensively investigated the therapeutic effect of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis inhibited by MCC950 on diabetic muscle mass, strength and exercise performance, as well as the synergistic effects of MCC950 and exercise intervention, therefore providing a novel strategy for the treatment of the disease.
23.	Yang, Fangkai, et al. (författare) Diffusion-Based Time Series Data Imputation for Cloud Failure Prediction at Microsoft 365 2023 Ingår i: ESEC/FSE 2023 - Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint Meeting European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 2050-2055 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Ensuring reliability in large-scale cloud systems like Microsoft 365 is crucial. Cloud failures, such as disk and node failure, threaten service reliability, causing service interruptions and financial loss. Existing works focus on failure prediction and proactively taking action before failures happen. However, they suffer from poor data quality, like data missing in model training and prediction, which limits performance. In this paper, we focus on enhancing data quality through data imputation by the proposed Diffusion+, a sample-efficient diffusion model, to impute the missing data efficiently conditioned on the observed data. Experiments with industrial datasets and application practice show that our model contributes to improving the performance of downstream failure prediction.
24.	Yao, Mingguang, et al. (författare) Synthesis and characterization of SWCNTs with Ho/Ni as catalyst 2006 Ingår i: New Carbon Materials. - 1007-8827. ; 21:1, s. 70-74 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract SWCNTs were synthesized with high yield by DC arc discharge using Ho/Ni as catalysts. The morphologies, diameter distribution and the content of SWCNTs in the products were characterized by SEM, Raman scattering and TGA. Results indicate that SWCNTs can be efficiently synthesized with Ho/Ni as catalysts. The volume content of SWCNTs in a "web-like" form is as high as 80% in the product. Furthermore, the diameter distribution of SWCNTs, estimated by analyzing the resonance Raman scattering using excitation wavelengths of 632 and 488nm, varies from 1.35 to 1.69nm with a dominant diameter of 1.5nm, which is different from that of the SWCNTs synthesized with Ce/Ni as catalyst, proving that the diameter distribution of SWCNTs is dependent on the properties of the metal catalysts.
25.	Yin, Xiaoqin, et al. (författare) MiR-301b-3p/3584-5p enhances low-dose mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) induced proliferation by targeting Rasd1 in Sertoli cells 2018 Ingår i: Toxicology in Vitro. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0887-2333 .- 1879-3177. ; 47, s. 79-88 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To investigate the possible molecular mechanism of low concentration plasticizer mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP)-induced juvenile Sertoli cells (SCs) proliferation, we evaluated global alterations of miRNA and mRNA expression in rat SCs treated with 0.1 mM MBP. Microarray analysis revealed that miR-3584-5p and miR-301b-3p were up-regulated and their common target gene Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 (Rasd1) was down-regulated. Further work suggested that SCs proliferation induced by low concentration MBP in vitro might be mediated by Rasd1 regulating ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The present study is first to investigate the effect of low-dose MBP on SCs proliferation and may enhance our understanding on the modes of action of low concentration MBP on male reproductive system. We hope the results will contribute to explain the causes of precocious puberty and testicular tumors induced by exogenous chemicals.
26.	Zhang, Ling, et al. (författare) Roles of piRNAs in microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) induced reproductive toxicity in testis on male offspring 2017 Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0278-6915 .- 1873-6351. ; 105, s. 177-185 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the present study, we evaluated the toxic effects on the testis of the male offspring of MC-LR exposure during fetal and lactational periods. Pregnant females were distributed into two experimental groups: control group and MC-LR group which were exposed to 0 and 10 mu g/L of MC-LR, respectively, through drinking water separately during fetal and lactational periods. At the age of 30 days after birth, the male offspring were euthanized. The body weight, testis index, and histomorphology change were observed and the global changes of piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) expression were evaluated. The results revealed that MC-LR was found in the testis of male offspring, body weight and testis index decreased significantly, and testicular tissue structure was damaged in the MC-LR group. In addition, the exposure to MCLR resulted in an altered piRNA expression profile and an increase of the cell apoptosis and a decrease of the cell proliferation in the testis of the male offspring. It was reasonable to speculate that the toxic effects on reproductive system of the male offspring in MC-LR group might be mediated by piRNAs through the regulation of the target genes. As far as we are aware, this is the first report showing that MC-LR could play a role in disorder of proliferative and cell apoptosis in the testis of the male offspring by the maternal transmission effect of toxicity. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
27.	Zhao, Dongmei, 1963, et al. (författare) Study of Bed Material Agglomeration in A Horizontal Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Burning Rice Husk 2012 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21:st International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract During combustion of potassium containing biomass, there is a risk for bed material agglomeration when using circulating fluidized bed boilers (CFB). Tsinghua University has developed a new type of CFB Boiler, a so called horizontal circulating fluidized bed boiler (HCFBB). Instead of having one high combustion chamber, it consists of three combustion chambers with low height but placed in parallel horizontally. The alkali related bed material agglomeration was studied in one of such boilers in Xiamen, China, burning rice husk. Ash samples from the bottom of the bed, from the bottom of the join part of the secondary and burnout chamber and from the cyclone have been taken and they have been studied by SEM-EDX analysis. The results show some interesting correlation among potassium, aluminum, phosphorus. The collection of deposit on heat exchange tubes in the convection section of the boiler was attempted using a deposit probe situated in the flue gas channel during combustion, however no deposit was formed.

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