| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Guo, Xingyi, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Novel Susceptibility Genes for Colorectal Cancer Risk From a Transcriptome-Wide Association Study of 125,478 Subjects
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 160:4, s. 1164-1178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Susceptibility genes and the underlying mechanisms for the majority of risk loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remain largely unknown. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to identify putative susceptibility genes.Methods: Gene-expression prediction models were built using transcriptome and genetic data from the 284 normal transverse colon tissues of European descendants from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and model performance was evaluated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 355). We applied the gene-expression prediction models and GWAS data to evaluate associations of genetically predicted gene-expression with CRC risk in 58,131 CRC cases and 67,347 controls of European ancestry. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and knockdown experiments in CRC cells and tumor xenografts were conducted.Results: We identified 25 genes associated with CRC risk at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold of P < 9.1 × 10-6, including genes in 4 novel loci, PYGL (14q22.1), RPL28 (19q13.42), CAPN12 (19q13.2), MYH7B (20q11.22), and MAP1L3CA (20q11.22). In 9 known GWAS-identified loci, we uncovered 9 genes that have not been reported previously, whereas 4 genes remained statistically significant after adjusting for the lead risk variant of the locus. Through colocalization analysis in GWAS loci, we additionally identified 12 putative susceptibility genes that were supported by TWAS analysis at P < .01. We showed that risk allele of the lead risk variant rs1741640 affected the promoter activity of CABLES2. Knockdown experiments confirmed that CABLES2 plays a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis.Conclusions: Our study reveals new putative susceptibility genes and provides new insight into the biological mechanisms underlying CRC development.
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| 3. |
- Zhang, Huai, et al.
(författare)
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A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Hepatology international. - 1936-0541.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p=0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%).This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.
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| 4. |
- Zhang, Juqing, et al.
(författare)
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Super-enhancers conserved within placental mammals maintain stem cell pluripotency
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite pluripotent stem cells sharing key transcription factors, their maintenance involves distinct genetic inputs. Emerging evidence suggests that super-enhancers (SEs) can function as master regulatory hubs to control cell identity and pluripotency in humans and mice. However, whether pluripotency-associated SEs share an evolutionary origin in mammals remains elusive. Here, we performed comprehensive comparative epigenomic and transcription factor binding analyses among pigs, humans, and mice to identify pluripotency-associated SEs. Like typical enhancers, SEs displayed rapid evolu-tion in mammals. We showed that BRD4 is an essential and conserved activator for mammalian pluripotency-associated SEs. Comparative motif enrichment analysis revealed 30 shared transcription factor binding motifs among the three species. The majority of transcriptional factors that bind to identified motifs are known regulators associated with pluripotency. Further, we discovered three pluripotency-associated SEs (SE-SOX2, SE-PIM1, and SE-FGFR1) that displayed remarkable conservation in pla-cental mammals and were sufficient to drive reporter gene expression in a pluripotency-dependent manner. Disruption of these conserved SEs through the CRISPR-Cas9 approach severely impaired stem cell pluripotency. Our study provides insights into the understanding of conserved regulatory mechanisms underlying the maintenance of plu-ripotency as well as species-specific modulation of the pluripotency-associated regula-tory networks in mammals.
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| 5. |
- Lin, Qing-Fang, et al.
(författare)
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A stable aluminosilicate zeolite with intersecting three-dimensional extra-large pores
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6575, s. 1605-1608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zeolites are crystalline porous materials with important industrial applications, including uses in catalytic and adsorption-separation processes. Access into and out of their inner confined space, where adsorption and reactions occur, is limited by their pore apertures. Stable multidimensional zeolites with larger pores able to process larger molecules are in demand in the fine chemical industry and for the oil processing on which the world still relies for fuels. Currently known extra-large-pore zeolites display poor stability and/or lack pore multidimensionality, limiting their usefulness. We report ZEO-1, a robust, fully connected aluminosilicate zeolite with mutually intersecting three-dimensional extra-large plus three-dimensional large pores. ZEO-1 is stable up to 1000 degrees C, has an extraordinary specific surface area (1000 square meters per gram), and shows potential as a catalytic cracking catalyst.
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| 6. |
- Liu, Daosheng, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation on heating aging mechanism of cellulose paper for oil-immersed transformer main insulation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids. - 2153-3733 .- 2153-3725. ; 2019-June:June
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power transformer plays a vital role in maintaining reliable and efficient electricity supply. However, in service is increasing and growing older, much and much attention has been paid on their aging condition and life assessment than ever. The aging and degradation of transformer insulation will determine the life-time of its operation. The intensities of these depend on mechanical, thermal and environmental stresses that act on the insulations. Due to the temperature rise, the lifetime of insulation material will be shortened. The accelerated thermal aging method is often adopted to do some evaluation on the oil-paper insulation materials under different temperature for the thermal lifetime model. According to existing aging test, both insulation paper and mineral oil were aged at the same temperature. In this paper, the thermal aging experiments were implemented on the transformer main insulation model made with modified and unmodified insulation paper. The accelerated thermal aging tests were finished, and the superior electric characteristics of the nano-TiO2 and cellulose composition insulation were validated.
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| 7. |
- Liu, Daosheng, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression Mechanism of TiO 2 for the Partial Discharge of Oil-paper Insulation in Intensive Electric Field
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids. - 2153-3733 .- 2153-3725. ; 2019-June
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rapid development of modern HVDC transmission technology, higher insulation properties are put forward on the oil-paper insulation system of the transformer, which determine the transformer service life to a certain extent. Traditional transformer oil-paper insulation is becoming increasingly difficult to meet the demands of insulation system with large capacity and miniaturization at ultra-high voltage level. In order to improve the insulation strength of oil-paper system, the insulation cellulose paper modified by TiO2 nanoparticles of different diameters (5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm) were prepared, in addition, each of modified cellulose paper has different mass fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles (1%, 3%, 5%, 7% wt.). The partial discharge (PD) detection platform was established, and the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) values of the oil-paper insulation system with and without nanoparticles were measured. To investigate the PD characteristics, the PD waveforms and PD frequency spectrums of modified cellulose paper and the unmodified were obtained. The suppression mechanism of TiO2 nanoparticles on PD was explored through scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. All the experiment results indicate that adding nano-TiO2 is beneficial to enhance the insulation properties of oil-paper insulation, and the optimum diameter and mass fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles to suppress oil-paper PD were obtained.
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| 8. |
- Liu, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Irreversible phase transitions of the multiferroic oxide Mn3TeO6 at high pressures
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 121:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to their large bandgaps, multiferroic oxides, the promising candidates for overcoming the disadvantages of metal-halide perovskites as light absorbers, have so far very limited use in solar cell applications. Previous investigations demonstrate that high pressure represents an efficient tool for tuning the bandgap of multiferroic Mn3TeO6 (MTO). However, the underlying mechanism of the giant bandgap reduction discovered in MTO remains unclear, which critically prevents the design of next-generation light absorbers. In this study, we performed in situ x-ray diffraction analyses on the structure evolution of MTO upon compression and decompression, discovering a sequence of irreversible phase transitions R(3)over bar -> C2/c -> P2(1)/n. The experimental results, supported by electronic structure calculations, show the shortening of Mn-O-Mn bonding, and, to a lower extent, the decrease in connectivity of octahedra across the phase transition, explain the giant bandgap reduction of MTO. These findings will facilitate the design and synthesis of next-generation light absorbers in solar cells.
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| 9. |
- Long, Chang, et al.
(författare)
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Regulating reconstruction of oxide-derived Cu for electrochemical CO2 reduction toward n-propanol
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - 2375-2548. ; 9:43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) is the most efficient and likely practical electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction toward multicarbon products. However, the inevitable but poorly understood reconstruction from the pristine state to the working state of OD-Cu under strong reduction conditions largely hinders the rational construction of catalysts toward multicarbon products, especially C-3 products like n-propanol. Here, we simulate the reconstruction of CuO and Cu2O into their derived Cu by molecular dynamics, revealing that CuO-derived Cu (CuOD-Cu) intrinsically has a richer population of undercoordinated Cu sites and higher surficial Cu atom density than the counterpart Cu2O-derived Cu (Cu2OD-Cu) because of the vigorous oxygen removal. In situ spectroscopes disclose that the coordination number of CuOD-Cu is considerably lower than that of Cu2OD-Cu, enabling the fast kinetics of CO2 reaction and strengthened binding of *C-2 intermediate(s). Benefiting from the rich undercoordinated Cu sites, CuOD-Cu achieves remarkable n-propanol faradaic efficiency up to similar to 17.9%, whereas the Cu2OD-Cu dominantly generates formate.
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| 10. |
- Sun, Xiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
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Revealing microstructural degradation mechanism induced by interdiffusion between Amdry365 coating and IN792 superalloy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 241
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Metallic coatings are widely employed to improve the oxidation resistance of superalloys. However, the interdiffusion between the metallic coatings and the superalloys leads to microstructural degradation in both. Some of the underlying degradation mechanisms are still elusive, e.g., the γ′ (Ni3Al) phase depletion in superalloys, where a large amount of γ′ precipitates are dissolved in the γ matrix even though the incoming Al from coatings indeed increases the Al content. Here, we investigated the interdiffusion behavior between the Amdry365 coating and the IN792 superalloy at 1100 °C, using multiple microscopic techniques and thermodynamics calculations. Our results showed an excellent agreement between experiments and thermodynamics simulations, indicating the dominant role of Al on the initial diffusion-induced phase transitions. We proposed the Al-Cr interference effect to account for the pile-up behavior of Cr and the reduced Al content near the coating/superalloy interface. The local phase equilibrium calculations revealed that the γ′ depletion in the superalloy is primarily attributed to the loss of γ′-forming elements, such as Ta and Ti. Our findings opened up an avenue for studies on the superalloy/coating interdiffusion, contributing to reducing this damaging impact.
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| 11. |
- Sun, Xiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
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Revealing microstructural degradation mechanism induced by interdiffusion between Amdry365 coating and IN792 superalloy
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Materials and Design. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1873-4197 .- 0264-1275. ; 241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metallic coatings are widely employed to improve the oxidation resistance of superalloys. However, the interdiffusion between the metallic coatings and the superalloys leads to microstructural degradation in both. Some of the underlying degradation mechanisms are still elusive, e.g., the γ′ (Ni3Al) phase depletion in superalloys, where a large amount of γ′ precipitates are dissolved in the γ matrix even though the incoming Al from coatings indeed increases the Al content. Here, we investigated the interdiffusion behavior between the Amdry365 coating and the IN792 superalloy at 1100 °C, using multiple microscopic techniques and thermodynamics calculations. Our results showed an excellent agreement between experiments and thermodynamics simulations, indicating the dominant role of Al on the initial diffusion-induced phase transitions. We proposed the Al-Cr interference effect to account for the pile-up behavior of Cr and the reduced Al content near the coating/superalloy interface. The local phase equilibrium calculations revealed that the γ′ depletion in the superalloy is primarily attributed to the loss of γ′-forming elements, such as Ta and Ti. Our findings opened up an avenue for studies on the superalloy/coating interdiffusion, contributing to reducing this damaging impact.
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| 12. |
- Wei, Yanfei, et al.
(författare)
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Stalled oligodendrocyte differentiation in IDH-mutant gliomas.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genome medicine. - 1756-994X. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roughly 50% of adult gliomas harbor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. According to the 2021 WHO classification guideline, these gliomas are diagnosed as astrocytomas, harboring no 1p19q co-deletion, or oligodendrogliomas, harboring 1p19q co-deletion. Recent studies report that IDH-mutant gliomas share a common developmental hierarchy. However, the neural lineages and differentiation stages in IDH-mutant gliomas remain inadequately characterized.Using bulk transcriptomes and single-cell transcriptomes, we identified genes enriched in IDH-mutant gliomas with or without 1p19q co-deletion, we also assessed the expression pattern of stage-specific signatures and key regulators of oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation. We compared the expression of oligodendrocyte lineage stage-specific markers between quiescent and proliferating malignant single cells. The gene expression profiles were validated using RNAscope analysis and myelin staining and were further substantiated using data of DNA methylation and single-cell ATAC-seq. As a control, we assessed the expression pattern of astrocyte lineage markers.Genes concordantly enriched in both subtypes of IDH-mutant gliomas are upregulated in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC). Signatures of early stages of oligodendrocyte lineage and key regulators of OPC specification and maintenance are enriched in all IDH-mutant gliomas. In contrast, signature of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, myelination regulators, and myelin components are significantly down-regulated or absent in IDH-mutant gliomas. Further, single-cell transcriptomes of IDH-mutant gliomas are similar to OPC and differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte progenitors, but not to myelinating oligodendrocyte. Most IDH-mutant glioma cells are quiescent; quiescent cells and proliferating cells resemble the same differentiation stage of oligodendrocyte lineage. Mirroring the gene expression profiles along the oligodendrocyte lineage, analyses of DNA methylation and single-cell ATAC-seq data demonstrate that genes of myelination regulators and myelin components are hypermethylated and show inaccessible chromatin status, whereas regulators of OPC specification and maintenance are hypomethylated and show open chromatin status. Markers of astrocyte precursors are not enriched in IDH-mutant gliomas.Our studies show that despite differences in clinical manifestation and genomic alterations, all IDH-mutant gliomas resemble early stages of oligodendrocyte lineage and are stalled in oligodendrocyte differentiation due to blocked myelination program. These findings provide a framework to accommodate biological features and therapy development for IDH-mutant gliomas.
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| 13. |
- Zhang, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of anti-BCG benz[α]anthraquinones and new siderophores from a Xinjiang desert-isolated rare actinomycete Nocardia sp. XJ31
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0175-7598 .- 1432-0614. ; 104:19, s. 8267-8278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current global demand for novel anti-TB drugs has drawn urgent attention on the discovery of natural product compounds with anti-TB activity. Lots of efforts have emphasized on environmental samples from unexplored or underexplored natural habits and identified numerous rare actinomycete taxa producing structurally diverse bioactive natural products. Herein, we report a survey of the rare actinobacteria diversity in Xinjiang region together with the discovery of anti-TB active natural products from these strains. We have collected 17 soil samples at different sites with different environmental conditions, from which 39 rare actinobacteria were identified by using a selective isolation strategy with 5 media variations. Among those isolated strains, XJ31 was identified as a new Nocardia sp. based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. Through one strain-many compounds (OSMAC) strategy combined with anti-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin bioassay-guided isolation, two groups of compounds were identified. They were twelve siderophores (nocardimicins, 1-12) and two anthraquinones (brasiliquinones, 13 and 14) and ten of them were identified as new compounds. The structures of the purified compounds were elucidated using HR-ESI-MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR techniques. The anti-TB bioassays revealed that the two benz[α]anthraquinones have potent activity against BCG (MICs = 25 μM), which can be used as a promising start point for further anti-TB drug development.
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| 14. |
- Zhu, Zhenshuo, et al.
(författare)
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Histone demethylase complexes KDM3A and KDM3B cooperate with OCT4/SOX2 to define a pluripotency gene regulatory network
- 2021
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 35:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pluripotency gene regulatory network of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells(piPSCs), especially in epigenetics, remains elusive. To determine the biological function of epigenetics, we cultured piPSCs in different culture conditions. We found that activation of pluripotent gene- and pluripotency-related pathways requires the erasure of H3K9 methylation modification which was further influenced by mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) served feeder. By dissecting the dynamic change of H3K9 methylation during loss of pluripotency, we demonstrated that the H3K9 demethylases KDM3A and KDM3B regulated global H3K9me2/me3 level and that their co-depletion led to the collapse of the pluripotency gene regulatory network. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) provided evidence that KDM3A and KDM3B formed a complex to perform H3K9 demethylation. The genome-wide regulation analysis revealed that OCT4 (O) and SOX2 (S), the core pluripotency transcriptional activators, maintained the pluripotent state of piPSCs depending on the H3K9 hypomethylation. Further investigation revealed that O/S cooperating with histone demethylase complex containing KDM3A and KDM3B promoted pluripotency genes expression to maintain the pluripotent state of piPSCs. Together, these data offer a unique insight into the epigenetic pluripotency network of piPSCs.
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| 15. |
- Allgurén, Thomas, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Alkali sulfation during combustion of coal in a pilot scale facility using additives to alter the global sulfur to potassium and chlorine to potassium ratios
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. - : Elsevier BV. - 1540-7489. ; 38:3, s. 4171-4178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the urgent needs to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions there is an increasing interest in the use of alternative fuels. For this reason, there is a need for new knowledge on how to design and adapt existing heat and power plants to biogenic and waste-derived fuels. This work relates to co-firing of biomass and coal and the sulfation of alkali chlorides in coal-fired flames doped with chemical additives. We aim to examine the global time scales of alkali sulfation and chlorination based on combustion experiments that were conducted in a 30-kW coal flame. Temperature, gas and particle composition measurements were conducted. Both experiments and modelling support that the apparent alkali sulfation kinetics are fast in a coal-fired flame and that it is dominated entirely by the presence of SO 2. The availability of oxygen and carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons, is also critical to sustain the sulfation reaction cycle; low concentrations are sufficient. For industrial boilers this implies that sulfur addition, in combination with reburning, should constitute an efficient strategy to mitigate alkali-chlorination and the related high temperature corrosion.
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| 16. |
- Allgurén, Thomas, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of Alkali, Chlorine and Sulfur on Aerosol Formation
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of low-quality fuels in power generation is typically motivated by a potential reduction in fuel costs or CO2 emissions, the latter in case the fuel is based on biomass. These features make low quality fuels attractive at the same time as such fuels are usually problematic to use in power generation due to fuel composition. One of the main issues is deposition of aerosols upon heating surfaces reducing heat transfer and causing high-temperature corrosion (HTC). The later most often related to alkali chlorides, and these are formed from alkali species and chlorine when released during the combustion process. The present work aims to investigate how the gas phase chemistry are connected to the formation aerosols and their characteristics. This is an ongoing work why only part of the preliminary results is presented focusing on the interaction between alkali, sulfur and chlorine in the gas phase. The results presented here indicate a clear correlation between the S/Cl ratio and the formation of alkali sulfates over chlorides. It is also indicated that the local conditions at which the species are released and available in the gas phase is important for the resulting formation of alkali sulfates.
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| 17. |
- Andreoni, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing Cadences with Realistic Light-curve Filtering for Serendipitous Kilonova Discovery with Vera Rubin Observatory
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 258:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current and future optical and near-infrared wide-field surveys have the potential to find kilonovae, the optical and infrared counterparts to neutron star mergers, independently of gravitational-wave or high-energy gamma-ray burst triggers. The ability to discover fast and faint transients such as kilonovae largely depends on the area observed, the depth of those observations, the number of revisits per field in a given time frame, and the filters adopted by the survey; it also depends on the ability to perform rapid follow-up observations to confirm the nature of the transients. In this work, we assess kilonova detectability in existing simulations of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time strategy for the Vera C. Rubin Wide Fast Deep survey, with focus on comparing rolling to baseline cadences. Although currently available cadences can enable the detection of >300 kilonovae out to ∼1400 Mpc over the 10 year survey, we can expect only 3–32 kilonovae similar to GW170817 to be recognizable as fast-evolving transients. We also explore the detectability of kilonovae over the plausible parameter space, focusing on viewing angle and ejecta masses. We find that observations in redder izy bands are crucial for identification of nearby (within 300 Mpc) kilonovae that could be spectroscopically classified more easily than more distant sources. Rubin's potential for serendipitous kilonova discovery could be increased by gain of efficiency with the employment of individual 30 s exposures (as opposed to 2 × 15 s snap pairs), with the addition of red-band observations coupled with same-night observations in g or r bands, and possibly with further development of a new rolling-cadence strategy.
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| 18. |
- Balpande, A. R., et al.
(författare)
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Excellent specific strength-ductility synergy in novel complex concentrated alloy after suction casting
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials and Design. - 1873-4197 .- 0264-1275. ; 242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lightweight alloys are known to improve the fuel efficiency of the structural components due to high strength-to-weight ratio, however, they lack formability at room temperature. This major limitation of poor formability is most of the time overcome by post-fabrication processing and treatments thereby increasing their cost exponentially. We present a novel Ti50V16Zr16Nb10Al5Mo3 (all in at. %) complex concentrated alloy (Ti-CCA) designed based on the combination of valence electron concentration theory and the high entropy approach. The optimal selection of constituent elements has led to a density of 5.63 gm/cc for Ti-CCA after suction casting (SC). SC Ti-CCA displayed exceptional room temperature strength (UTS ∼ 1.25 GPa) and ductility (ε ∼ 35 %) with a yield strength (YS) of ∼ 1.1 GPa (Specific YS = 191 MPa/gm/cc) without any post-processing treatments. The exceptional YS in Ti-CCA is attributed to hetero grain size microstructure, whereas enormous strength-ductility synergy is due to the concurrent occurrence of slip and deformation band formation in the early stages of deformation followed by prolonged necking event due to delayed void nucleation and growth. The proposed philosophy of Ti-CCA design overcomes the conventional notion of strength-ductility trade-off in such alloy systems by retaining their inherent characteristics.
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| 19. |
- Cai, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Size-segregated particle number and mass concentrations from different emission sources in urban Beijing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 20:21, s. 12721-12740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although secondary particulate matter is reported to be the main contributor of PM2.5 during haze in Chinese megacities, primary particle emissions also affect particle concentrations. In order to improve estimates of the contribution of primary sources to the particle number and mass concentrations, we performed source apportionment analyses using both chemical fingerprints and particle size distributions measured at the same site in urban Beijing from April to July 2018. Both methods resolved factors related to primary emissions, including vehicular emissions and cooking emissions, which together make up 76% and 24% of total particle number and organic aerosol (OA) mass, respectively. Similar source types, including particles related to vehicular emissions (1.6 +/- 1.1 mu gm(-3); 2.4 +/- 1.8 x 10(3) cm(-3) and 5.5 +/- 2.8 x 10(3) cm(-3) for two traffic-related components), cooking emissions (2.6 +/- 1.9 mu gm(-3) and 5.5 +/- 3.3 x 10(3) cm(-3)) and secondary aerosols (51 +/- 41 mu gm(-3) and 4.2 +/- 3.0 x 10(3) cm(-3)), were resolved by both methods. Converted mass concentrations from particle size distributions components were comparable with those from chemical fingerprints. Size distribution source apportionment separated vehicular emissions into a component with a mode diameter of 20 nm (traffic-ultrafine) and a component with a mode diameter of 100 nm (traffic-fine). Consistent with similar day- and nighttime diesel vehicle PM2.5 emissions estimated for the Beijing area, traffic-fine particles, hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA, traffic-related factor resulting from source apportionment using chemical fingerprints) and black carbon (BC) showed similar diurnal patterns, with higher concentrations during the night and morning than during the afternoon when the boundary layer is higher. Traffic-ultrafine particles showed the highest concentrations during the rush-hour period, suggesting a prominent role of local gasoline vehicle emissions. In the absence of new particle formation, our re-sults show that vehicular-related emissions (14% and 30% for ultrafine and fine particles, respectively) and cooking-activity-related emissions (32 %) dominate the particle number concentration, while secondary particulate matter (over 80 %) governs PM2.5 mass during the non-heating season in Beijing.
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| 20. |
- Fry, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of fuel composition on sulfation and deposition rates of alkali salts
- 2018
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Ingår i: CLEARWATER CLEAN ENERGY CONFERENCE 2018. - 9781510867666
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work is based on recent pilot-scale experiments that examines the behavior of alkali, chlorine and sulfur containing aerosols during both air- and oxy-combustion conditions. The experiments have been performed at University of Utah where solid fuel experiments were performed in a 100kW combustion unit. The experiments focus on the formation of depositing ash particulates. The results from these experiments are then compared to chemical reaction kinetics simulations that allows for a more detailed investigation of the gas phase chemistry and its influence on the ash composition. The work aims to improve the understanding of how the ash composition and its deposit rate depends on the fuel composition and combustion conditions. The results show that the temperature is an important parameter for the aerosol formation influencing both composition and particle size distribution. The simulations also indicate that the amount of sulfur and chlorine in relation to potassium is important for the sulfation of potassium.
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| 21. |
- Hao, Meimei, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of component parameters on propagation characteristics of foaming polyurethane grout in rock fractures
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 428
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyurethane grouting is an important technical solution used for seepage prevention and mechanical reinforcement of fractured rock. Various components of polyurethane grout significantly affect the grout properties and propagation behavior. The present study focuses on the crucial role of component parameters in controlling the propagation process and designing grouting parameters for foaming polyurethane grout. A coupled modeling approach combining chemical reactions and flow field analysis is developed to investigate the polyurethane foaming process. The proposed modeling approach is validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data from the literature. The influence of key component parameters: isocyanate index, initial water concentration and physical blowing agent, on the propagation characteristics (including propagation distance, maximum pressure, final density, reaction time and maximum temperature) of foaming polyurethane grout in rock fractures are further analyzed. The results reveal two distinct types of effects caused by the components, i.e., a monotonic relationship and a parabolic trend. Critical values are identified for the impact of isocyanate index on maximum propagation distance, final density and characteristic time, as well as for the influence of physical blowing agent on maximum propagation distance, final density and maximum pressure. Other parameters demonstrated a monotonic relationship. Additionally, a quantitative assessment is conducted to evaluate the impact of multiple components on propagation characteristics. The finding indicates that the initial water concentration has a significant effect on all properties, while isocyanate index exerts a more pronounced impact on reaction time and maximum temperature. The effect of the physical blowing agent is relatively minor compared to other factors. This study is helpful for material selection and proportioning of polyurethane grout in practical engineering applications.
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| 22. |
- Hao, Meimei, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical simulation of polymer grouting for rock fracture: Influence of isocyanate index on grout propagation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Tunnelling for a Better Life - Proceedings of the ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress, WTC 2024. - : CRC Press/Balkema. ; , s. 718-725
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The grout propagation plays a crucial role in the design of polyurethane grouting for reinforcing and sealing fractured rock. Understanding the influence of isocyanate index on the diffusion process is essential for selection and material modification to improve the grouting effectiveness. In this study, a numerical method was developed to simulate the grout propagation of polyurethane, considering the coupled of reaction kinetics and fluid flow. Furthermore, the influence of the isocyanate index on pressure, diffusion distance, component conversion and density were analyzed. These findings contribute to the preparation and selection of polyurethane grout for practical engineering applications.
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| 23. |
- Hao, Zifan, et al.
(författare)
-
High-performance eight-channel system with fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Chip. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2709-4723 .- 2772-2724. ; 3:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have become a mainstream photon-counting technology that has been widely applied in various scenarios. So far, most multi-channel SNSPD systems, either reported in literature or commercially available, are polarization sensitive, that is, the system detection efficiency (SDE) of each channel is dependent on the state of polarization of the to-be-detected photons. Here, we reported an eight-channel system with fractal SNSPDs working in the wavelength range of 930 to 940 nm, which are all featured with low polarization sensitivity. In a close-cycled Gifford-McMahon cryocooler system with the base temperature of 2.2 K, we installed and compared the performance of two types of devices: (1) SNSPD, composed of a single, continuous nanowire and (2) superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector (SNAP), composed of 16 cascaded units of two nanowires electrically connected in parallel. The highest SDE among the eight channels reaches 96−5+4%, with the polarization sensitivity of 1.02 and a dark-count rate of 13 counts per second. The average SDE for eight channels for all states of polarization is estimated to be 90 ± 5%. It is concluded that both the SNSPDs and the SNAPs can reach saturated, high SDE at the wavelength of interest, and the SNSPDs show lower dark-count (false-count) rates, whereas the SNAPs show better properties in the time domain. With the adoption of this system, we showcased the measurements of the second-order photon-correlation functions of light emission from a single-photon source based on a semiconductor quantum dot and from a pulsed laser. It is believed that this work will provide new choices of systems with single-photon detectors combining the merits of high SDE, low polarization sensitivity, and low noise that can be tailored for different applications.
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| 24. |
- Hong, Shuxian, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of impressed current efficiency during accelerated corrosion of reinforcement
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Composites. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-9465. ; 108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impressed current technique is a widely adopted method for accelerating corrosion of steel reinforcement. The mass loss of steel can be theoretically estimated by Faraday's law with the assumption that all of the impressed current participated in the corrosion reaction. In the present study, accelerated corrosion process of reinforcing steel with impressed current was non-destructively traced by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) with high accuracy. The mass loss of steel at different accelerated corrosion periods was analyzed and the efficiency of impressed current was calculated. It was found that the mass loss of steel did not always follow Faraday's law, and impressed current efficiencies varied with different corrosion periods. In the early corrosion periods, the water electrolysis occurred and lowered the current efficiency due to the high anode potential. While in the late corrosion periods, the natural corrosion caused the current efficiency to exceed 100%.
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| 25. |
- Li, Andol X., et al.
(författare)
-
Improving the User Engagement in Large Display Using Distance-Driven Adaptive Interface
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Interacting with computers. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0953-5438 .- 1873-7951. ; 28:4, s. 462-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current large display-based user interfaces are mainly derived from normal-sized desktop screens and the extra-large size causes difficulties in information navigation and perception. Therefore, user engagement in large display-based information interaction is relatively low. In order to address the user engagement issue, in this paper we propose the distance-driven adaptive interface, which specialises in performing navigation tasks within large displays. We conducted an initial exploratory study with 30 participants to examine how the distance correlated with interaction performances in large displays. Given the findings we conducted an experimental study with an additional 31 participants to further investigate how the distance-driven interface satisfies users' distance requirements and improves user engagement within six dimensions. The results show that the distance-driven interface offered a statistically significant user engagement improvement in terms of novelty, felt involvement, focused attention and endurability. Importantly, linear correlations between the distance, interaction efficiency and accuracy were identified-in that efficiency increased and accuracy decreased with increasing distance.
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| 26. |
- Li, Andol X., et al.
(författare)
-
On the Influence of Distance in the Interaction With Large Displays
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology. - 1551-319X .- 1558-9323. ; 12:8, s. 840-850
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As reported by a recent survey, over half of large display purchases are conducted for productivity purposes, while the remainder are purchased for a variety of purposes such as gaming and advertising. These large displays have advanced visibility, scalability, and accessibility characteristics and thus benefit perceived usability. However, usability issues such as the difficulties in precisely accessing distal information on large displays while on the move are still of concern. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the influence of moving distance on perceived usability in interactions with large displays. Comparative study results show inconsistent perceived usability throughout a range of distances, which differs from standard usability conventions. Moreover, the results show a correlation between distance and perceived usability in that, as the distance from commonly visited ranges increases, the perceived usability level decreases, and vice versa. The study demonstrates that distance is an effective interaction modality in large-display interactions, although it has weaknesses such as limited input channels.
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| 27. |
- Li, Jiuyi, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual Assignment of Adult Diffuse Gliomas into the EM/PM Molecular Subtypes Using a TaqMan Low-Density Array.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 25:23, s. 7068-7077
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to develop a diagnostic platform to capture the transcriptomic resemblance of individual adult diffuse gliomas of WHO grades II-IV to neural development and the genomic signature associated with glioma progression.Based on the EM/PM classification scheme, we designed a RT-PCR-based TaqMan Low-density array (TLDA) containing 44 classifier and 4 reference genes. Samples of a training data set (GSE48865), characterized by RNA-sequencing, were utilized to optimize the TLDA design and to develop a support vector machine (SVM)-based prediction model. Complemented with Sanger sequencing for IDH1/2, and low coverage whole genome sequencing (WGS), the TLDA and SVM prediction model were tested in a validation (31 gliomas) and a test (121 gliomas) dataset.Independent of morphologically defined subtypes and grades, gliomas can be individually assigned into the EM and PM glioma subtypes with the respective areas under ROC curves at 0.86 and 0.85 in the validation dataset. The EM gliomas showed a medium overall survival (OS) of 15.6 months, whereas the medium OS for PM gliomas was not reached (hazard ratio = 3.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.96 to 6.45). The EM and PM gliomas showed distinct patterns of genomic alterations, with IDH mutation and 1p19q co-deletion in the PM gliomas and gain of chromosome 7/loss of chromosome 10 in the EM gliomas. Extensive chromosomal abnormalities marked the progression of PM gliomas.The integration of EM/PM subtyping, IDH sequencing and low coverage WGS may improve the risk stratification and selection of treatment regimens for glioma patients.
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| 28. |
- Li, Shicheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Modeling transient flow dynamics around a bluff body using deep learning techniques
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0029-8018 .- 1873-5258. ; 295
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The significance of understanding the flow past a bluff body (BB) lies in its relevance to ocean, structural, and environmental applications. Capturing the transient flow behaviors with fine details requires extensive computational power. To address this, the present study develops an improved method for modeling the complex flow dynamics around a BB under steady and unsteady conditions. It is a deep learning (DL)-enhanced reduced-order model (ROM) that leverages the strengths of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for model reduction, convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) for feature extraction and temporal modeling, and Bayesian optimization for hyperparameter tuning. The model starts with dimensionality reduction, followed by DL optimization and forecasting, and terminates with flow field reconstruction by combining dominant POD modes and predicted amplitudes. The goal is to establish a DL-driven ROM for fast and accurate modeling of the flow evolution. Based on the comparison of millions of data samples, the predictions from the ROM and CFD are considerably consistent, with a coefficient of determination of 0.99. Furthermore, the ROM is ∼10 times faster than the CFD and exhibits a robust noise resistance capability. This study contributes a novel modeling approach for complex flows, enabling rapid decision-making and interactive visualization in various applications, e.g., digital twins and predictive maintenance.
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| 29. |
- Li, Xiangdong A., et al.
(författare)
-
Design and Evaluation of Cross-Objects User Interface for Whiteboard Interaction
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319586960 - 9783319586977 ; , s. 180-191
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whiteboard has long been an important tool for education and communication, and nowadays it embraces display functions and other interactive features such as pen pointing and selecting of digital contents. Despite the enhanced interactivity, it is often time- and cost-consuming to implement specific apparatus for different whiteboard interactions. Therefore, we aimed at incorporating physical-world objects (e.g. Lego Rubik’s cubes) as the cross-objects user interface for multiple whiteboard interaction tasks without incurring heavy development work. The user interface utilised electromagnetic technique to extract electromechanical signals and recognised normal objects, thus extended the generality. To further understand effectiveness of the user interface, we implemented a low-fidelity prototype and conducted within-subject evaluation. The results showed the cross-objects user interface was natural, responsive, and easy of learning as the conventional whiteboard. Moreover, the user interface outperformed over the conventional one in the perspectives of configuration efficiency and versatility of multiple interaction tasks. Given these findings, practical implications for future tangible user interface design for whiteboard interactions are discussed.
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| 30. |
- Li, Xiaolong, 1991
(författare)
-
Alloy Design for Refractory High Entropy Alloys with Better Balanced Mechanical Properties at Both Room Temperature and Elevated Temperatures
- 2023
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Motivated by the desire to improve the energy efficiency of gas turbines by operating them at higher temperatures (HT), which will contribute to a more energy efficient and carbonless society, the quest for novel ultrahigh-temperature materials can never be overwhelming. High entropy alloys, the recently emerged multi-component alloys with equiatomic or close-to-equiatomic compositions, are considered highly promising as next-generation ultrahigh-temperature materials. In particular, refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs), one category of HEAs comprising refractory elements with high melting points, are thought to hold the greatest potential to surpass the current state-of-the-art HT materials, Ni-based superalloys, whose upper bound of service temperature has been limited by the melting point of Ni. The alloy design of RHEAs for HT applications is highly challenging though. Specifically, how to balance HT strength, room-temperature (RT) ductility and oxidation resistance is a formidable materials challenge. For instance, the solid solution hardening (SSH) strategy has been proved to work nicely to enable excellent HT strength for singe-phase bcc structured RHEAs, however, at the cost of losing tensile ductility at RT. Another example is that adding Al, Cr or Si into RHEAs could improve their oxidation resistance, which however harms their RT ductility due to the easy formation of undesirable intermetallics. Innovative strategies to design RHEAs that can meet these demanding materials requirements, i.e., simultaneously possessing excellent HT strength, acceptable RT ductility and excellent oxidation resistance, are desperately in need and constitute the main topic of this licentiate thesis. Here in this work, the solid solution softening (SSS) strategy was utilized to soften selected RHEAs to achieve RT ductility without compromising HT strength. Minor additions of substitutional transition metals, Mn, Al and Cu, were confirmed to soften a Hf20Nb31Ta31Ti18 RHEA from RT to 1000oC. Further, with the solo Mn additions into a (HfNbTi)85Mo15 RHEA, a concurrent SSS at RT and SSH at intermediate temperatures was achieved, which led to better-balanced mechanical properties at both RT and elevated temperatures. Combining SSS at low temperatures and SSH at intermediate temperatures holds the potential to induce non-zero tensile ductility for those RHEAs with decent HT strength, hence, to deliver desirable mechanical properties required by ultrahigh-temperature materials, and contributes to accelerate the alloy development and engineering applications of RHEAs.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Li, Xiaolong, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Solid solution softening at room temperature and hardening at elevated temperatures: a case by minor Mn addition in a (HfNbTi) 85 Mo 15 refractory high entropy alloy
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Materials Research Express. - 2053-1591. ; 10:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To address the conflict between room-temperature (RT) ductility and high-temperature (HT) strength in single phase bcc-structured refractory high entropy alloys, here we propose to use minor alloying to achieve solid solution softening at RT and simultaneously, solid solution hardening at HT. Our strategy was manifested by minor Mn additions in a RT brittle (HfNbTi)85Mo15 refractory high entropy alloy, where nominal Mn additions ranging from 2 at. % down to 0.03 at. % were seen to soften the base (HfNbTi)85Mo15 alloy at RT, while to harden the base alloy at the temperature range from 400 to 800 °C. The yield stress in all studied alloys showed a three-stage pattern, characterized by a temperature dependent stage at temperatures below 400 °C, followed by a temperature independent stage at intermediate temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 °C, and finally another temperature dependent stage at temperatures higher than 800 °C. The mechanisms for solid solution softening and solid solution hardening in single phase bcc-structured refractory high entropy alloys were discussed, together with their temperature dependence.
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| 33. |
- Li, Xiaolong, 1991, et al.
(författare)
-
Solid solution softening or hardening induced by minor substitutional additions in a Hf 20 Nb 31 Ta 31 Ti 18 refractory high entropy alloy
- 2023
-
Ingår i: AIP Advances. - 2158-3226 .- 2158-3226. ; 13:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of minor additions of substitutional elements such as Al, Cu, Mn, and Fe on the room-temperature (RT) and elevated-temperature hardness of a single bcc phase Hf20Nb31Ta31Ti18 refractory high entropy alloy is studied here. Interestingly, 2.5 at. % nominal addition of Fe hardened the base Hf20Nb31Ta31Ti18 alloy in the temperature range from RT to 800 °C, while the same nominal content of addition of Al, Cu, and Mn softened the base alloy from RT to 1000 °C. Regardless of solid solution hardening or solid solution softening, the hardness variation with temperature essentially showed the same three-stage pattern for all studied alloys here: a temperature-dependent decrease in hardness below 300 °C/400 °C, followed by a temperature-independent hardness plateau between 300/400 and 800 °C, and finally a temperature-dependent decrease in hardness at temperatures higher than 800 °C. The mechanism for solid solution hardening or softening in bcc-structured refractory high entropy alloys is discussed, together with their temperature dependence.
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| 34. |
- Li, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
-
The roles of added chlorine and sulfur on ash deposition mechanisms during solid fuel combustion
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. - : Elsevier BV. - 1540-7489. ; 38:3, s. 4309-4316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus of this paper is on effects of chlorine and sulfur on coal ash deposition rates, under practically relevant but systematically controlled combustion conditions. This problem is important, not so much for coal, but to understand and predict deposition rates for biomass combustion where chlorine contents can be high. To this end, ash deposition rates on a controlled temperature surface were measured for controlled amounts of chlorine and sulfur added to a pulverized coal, doped with potassium and burned in a 100 kW rated combustion rig. Previous work with 35 tests on 11 coal, biomass and petroleum coke fuels burned under a range of operating conditions had strongly suggested that the deposition rate of the tightly bound inside deposits was independent of the ash aerosol composition, and depended only on PM1 in the flue gas. The loosely bound outside deposition rate was dependent primarily on the total alkali content in the flue gas. The new results using chlorine added to the fuel (in the form of ammonium chloride) required these previous conclusions to be drastically revised. They showed that chlorine, not alkali alone, had large effects on the deposition rate of the inside deposits, which now were orders of magnitude higher than without chlorine addition, and did not fit previous (multi-fuel) correlations with PM1. Sulfur addition, together with chlorine, did not affect deposition rates much, although it did lower the chlorine content of the deposit. These results are interpreted in terms of the ash aerosol size segregated composition, which was also measured, and potential sulfation reactions within the deposit.
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| 35. |
- Li, ZongYi, et al.
(författare)
-
Toward a stem cell gene therapy for breast cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 113:22, s. 5423-5433
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current approaches for treatment of late-stage breast cancer rarely result in a long-term cure. In part this is due to tumor stroma that prevents access of systemically or intratumorally applied therapeutics. We propose a stem cell gene therapy approach for controlled tumor stroma degradation that uses the pathophysiologic process of recruitment of inflammatory cells into the tumor. This approach involves genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their subsequent transplantation into tumor-bearing mice. We show that inducible, intratumoral expression of relaxin (Rlx) either by transplanting tumor cells that contained the Rlx gene or by transplantation of mouse HSCs transduced with an Rlx-expressing lentivirus vector delays tumor growth in a mouse model of breast cancer. The antitumor effect of Rlx was mediated through degradation of tumor stroma, which provided increased access of infiltrating antitumor immune cells to their target tumor cells. Furthermore, we have shown in a human/mouse chimeric model that genetically modified HSCs expressing a transgene can access the tumor site. Our findings are relevant for cancer gene therapy and immunotherapy. (Blood. 2009; 113: 5423-5433)
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| 36. |
- Liu, Alei, et al.
(författare)
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Manipulate Micrometer Surface and Nanometer Bulk Phase Separation Structures in the Active Layer of Organic Solar Cells via Synergy of Ultrasonic and High-Pressure Gas Spraying
- 2019
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 11:11, s. 10777-10784
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For organic solar cells, the vertical and lateral micro-/nanometer-scale structure in the active layer largely determines the device performance. In this work, the surface and bulk domain size of the photoactive layer are successfully manipulated with a facile two-step spraying method, that is, an ultrathin active layer by high-pressure spraying is deliberately stacked on top of the thick active layer by ultrasonic spraying. Thus, the morphology is effectively optimized with the comprehensive study of optical and electrical characteristics, such as photon absorption, exciton dissociation efficiency, and bimolecular recombination. Moreover, the novel method can be used not only in the fullerene system but also in the nonfullerene system, demonstrating the remarkable universality through this synergy method. This work provides an easy and reliable strategy to improve photovoltaic device performance in the industrial large-area spray-coating process.
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| 37. |
- Lou, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
-
An Empirical Evaluation on Arm Fatigue in Free Hand Interaction and Guidelines for Designing Natural User Interfaces in VR
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality. Design and Interaction. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030496944 - 9783030496951 ; , s. 313-324
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research had a systematic study on arm fatigue issue in free hand interaction in VR environment and explored how arm fatigue influenced free hand interaction accuracy. A specifically designed target-acquisition experiment was conducted with 24 volunteered participants (7 left-handedness, 17 right-handedness) recruited. The experiment results indicated that (1) arm fatigue resulted in short durations of hand operation, or frequent alternations of operating hand. The user’s dominant hand had a more durable operation than the non-dominant one; (2) hand operate position had a significant effect on arm fatigue level, a bent arm posture was found to be more labor-saving than an extended arm posture, (3) hand operation at a higher position (e.g., at the head height) perceived arm fatigue more easily than that at a lower position (e.g., at the waist height); and (4) arm fatigue impact hand interaction accuracy negatively.
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| 38. |
- Lou, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
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Distance effects on visual search and visually guided freehand interaction on large displays
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different from mouse-based and touch-based interactions at a static distance, motion-sensing interaction on a large display is typically performed at varying distances ranging from an arm's length to several metres. To investigate the effect of distance on visual search and freehand interaction performance, an empirical experiment was conducted; 30 participants were recruited to complete a series of target search and freehand selection tasks on large displays, which were 1.6 and 2.4 m wide, respectively. The results indicated that (1) the user-preferred viewing distance was positively related to the physical size of the display: a larger display size corresponded to a larger viewing distance. (2) The viewing distance had a two-sided effect on the visual search time efficiency. At a close range, increasing distance improved the search time efficiency; but at a farther range, the efficiency decreased. (3) An optimal field of view at which visual search was most efficient was found; (4) however, increasing the distance lowered freehand interaction efficiency and accuracy. Changing the distance also caused variations in the performance on divided large display areas: (5) the visual search efficiency on the upper area was higher than that on the lower area, increasing the distance reduced the difference; (6) freehand interaction efficiency and accuracy on the lower area outperformed that on the upper area, increasing the distance also reduced the difference. Implications were discussed for building more efficient and user-friendly large display-based user interfaces.
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| 39. |
- Lou, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
-
Hand-adaptive user interface : improved gestural interaction in virtual reality
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Virtual Reality. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4338 .- 1434-9957. ; 25, s. 367-382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most interactive user interfaces (UIs) for virtual reality (VR) applications are based on the traditional eye-centred UI design principle, which primarily considers the user's visual searching efficiency and comfort, but the hand operation performance and ergonomics are relatively less considered. As a result, the hand interaction in VR is often criticized as being less efficient and precise. In this paper, the user's arm movement features, such as the choice of the hand being used and hand interaction position, are hypothesized to influence the interaction results derived from a VR study. To verify this, we conducted a free hand target selection experiment with 24 participants. The results showed that (a) the hand choice had a significant effect on the target selection results: for a left hand interaction, the targets located in spaces to the left were selected more efficiently and accurately than those in spaces to the right; however, in a right hand interaction, the result was reversed, and (b) the free hand interactions at lower positions were more efficient and accurate than those at higher positions. Based on the above findings, this paper proposes a hand-adaptive UI technique to improve free hand interaction performance in VR. A comprehensive comparison between the hand-adaptive UI and traditional eye-centred UI was also conducted. It was shown that the hand-adaptive UI resulted in a higher interaction efficiency and a lower physical exertion and perceived task difficulty than the traditional UI.
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| 40. |
- Lou, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing Free Hand Selection in Large Displays by Adapting to User’s Physical Movements
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2016 Symposium on Spatial User Interaction. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450340687 ; , s. 23-31
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advance in motion sensing technologies such as Microsoft Kinect and ASUS Xtion has enabled users to select targets on a large display through natural hand gestures. In such interaction, the users move left and right to navigate the display, and they frequently adjust body proximity against the display thus to switch between overall views and focus views. These physical movements benefit information navigation, interaction modality switch, and user interface adaptation. But in more specific context of free hand selection in large displays, the effect of physical movements is less systematically investigated. To explore the potential of physical movements in free hand selection, a physical movements-adapted technique is developed and evaluated. The results show that the new technique has significant improvements in both selection efficiency and accuracy, the more difficult selection task the more obvious improvement in accuracy. Additionally, the new technique is preferred to the baseline of pointer acceleration (PA) technique by participants.
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| 41. |
- Qin, Changliang, et al.
(författare)
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Process optimizations to recessed e-SiGe source/drain for performance enhancement in 22 nm all-last high-k/metal-gate pMOSFETs
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - : Elsevier. - 0038-1101 .- 1879-2405. ; 123, s. 38-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the technology of recessed embedded SiGe (e-SiGe) source/drain (S/D) module is optimized for the performance enhancement in 22 nm all-last high-k/metal-gate (HK/MG) pMOSFETs. Different Si recess-etch techniques were applied in S/D regions to increase the strain in the channel and subsequently, improve the performance of transistors. A new recess-etch method consists of a two-step etch method is proposed. This process is an initial anisotropic etch for the formation of shallow trench followed by a final isotropic etch. By introducing the definition of the upper edge distance (D) between the recessed S/D region and the channel region, the process advantage of the new approach is clearly presented. It decreases the value of D than those by conventional one-step isotropic or anisotropic etch of Si. Therefore, the series resistance is reduced and the channel strain is increased, which confirmed by the simulation results. The physical reason of D reducing is analyzed in brief. Applying this recess design, the implant conditions for S/D extension (SDE) are also optimized by using a two-step implantation of BF2 in SiGe layers. The overlap space between doping junction and channel region has great effect on the device's performance. The designed implantation profile decreases the overlap space while keeps a shallow junction depth for a controllable short channel effect. The channel resistance as well as the transfer ID-VG curves varying with different process conditions are demonstrated. It shows the drive current of the device with the optimized SDE implant condition and Si recess-etch process is obviously improved. The change trend of on-off current distributions extracted from a series of devices confirmed the conclusions. This study provides a useful guideline for developing high performance strained PMOS SiGe technology.
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| 42. |
- Reddy, S. R., et al.
(författare)
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High Strain Rate Superplastic Flow and Fracture Characteristics of a Fine-Grained Eutectic High Entropy Alloy
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. - 1073-5623. ; 55, s. 173-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fine-grained micro-duplex AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy exhibited high strain rate superplasticity with an elongation to failure of ~ 960 pct at 1173 K and a strain rate of 10-1 s-1. Optimum superplasticity was associated with a strain rate sensitivity of ~ 0.5, and there were transitions to non-superplastic flow with strain rate sensitivities of < 0.5 at both low and high strain rates. Superplasticity is attributed to grain boundary sliding with the observed retention of an equiaxed grain morphology, with some grain growth. Cavities with dimensions in the range of 1 to 5 μm were observed in specimens pulled to failure. Although analysis revealed that cavity nucleation is likely under the experimental conditions, cavity growth was slow because of control by a plasticity growth rate that was proportional to the cavity size. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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| 43. |
- Shen, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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The Genome of Artemisia annua Provides Insight into the Evolution of Asteraceae Family and Artemisinin Biosynthesis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Plant. - : Cell Press. - 1674-2052 .- 1752-9867. ; 11:6, s. 776-788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artemisia annua, commonly known as sweet wormwood or Qinghao, is a shrub native to China and has long been used for medicinal purposes. A. annua is now cultivated globally as the only natural source of a potent anti-malarial compound, artemisinin. Here, we report a high-quality draft assembly of the 1.74-gigabase genome of A. annua, which is highly heterozygous, rich in repetitive sequences, and contains 63 226 protein-coding genes, one of the largest numbers among the sequenced plant species. We found that, as one of a few sequenced genomes in the Asteraceae, the A. annua genome contains a large number of genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. Notably, the expansion and functional diversification of genes encoding enzymes involved in terpene biosynthesis are consistent with the evolution of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. We further revealed by transcriptome profiling that A. annua has evolved the sophisticated transcriptional regulatory networks underlying artemisinin biosynthesis. Based on comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analyses we generated transgenic A. annua lines producing high levels of artemisinin, which are now ready for large-scale production and thereby will help meet the challenge of increasing global demand of artemisinin.
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| 44. |
- Su, Changqing, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-Viral Cancer Therapy Using Dual-Regulated Oncolytic Adenovirus with Antiangiogenesis Gene for Increased Efficacy.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Cancer Research. - 1557-3125. ; 6, s. 568-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAD) represents a promising approach for cancer therapy. Several CRADs controlled by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter have been developed. However, because of their replicative capacity, the importance of cancer specificity for CRADs needs to be further emphasized. In this study, we have developed a novel dual-regulated CRAD, CNHK500-mE, which has its E1a and E1b gene controlled by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter and the hypoxia response element, respectively. It also carries a mouse endostatin expression cassette controlled by the cytomegalovirus promoter. These properties allow for increased cancer cell targeting specificity and decreased adverse side effects. We showed that CNHK500-mE preferentially replicated in cancer cells. Compared with a replication-defective vector carrying the same endostatin expression cassette, CNHK500-mE-mediated transgene expression level was markedly increased via viral replication within cancer cells. In the nasopharyngeal tumor xenograft model, CNHK500-mE injection resulted in antitumor efficacy at day 7 after therapy. Three weeks later, it led to significant inhibition of xenograft tumor growth due to the combined effects of viral oncolytic therapy and antiangiogenesis gene therapy. Pathologic examination showed that most cancer cells were positive for adenoviral capsid protein and for apoptotic terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling in the CNHK500-mE-treated tumor tissues, and the microvessels in these tumor tissues were diminished in quantity and abnormal in morphology. These results suggest that, as a potential cancer therapeutic agent, the CNHK500-mE is endowed with higher specificity to cancer cells and low cytotoxicity to normal cells. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(4):OF1-8).
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| 45. |
- Su, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal trends of esophageal cancer during 1995-2004 in Nanao Island, an extremely high-risk area in China
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 22:1, s. 43-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of our study was to investigate the temporal malignant tumor incidence rates among the 70,000 residents at the relatively isolated Nanao Island in South China Sea. The data on all malignant tumor cases from Nanao Cancer Registry during 1995-2004 were coded, computerized, and analyzed using the software SPSS10.0. The tumor incident cases, crude incident rate, age-standardized incidence rate, their sex distribution and temporal trend were assessed. A total of 1450 new cancer cases (990 males and 460 females) were identified. The annual average age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of malignant tumors was 208.18/100,000. The age-standardized incidence rate of the ten leading cancers in both sexes combined per 100,000 population were 74.47 for esophageal cancer (EC), 34.81 for cardiac cancer (CC), 25.66 for liver cancer, 26.01 for lung cancer, 18.52 for stomach cancer, 4.45 for nasopharyngeal cancer, 3.91 for breast cancer, 2.53 for colon/rectum cancer, 2.45 for bladder cancer and 1.92 for pancreatic cancer. These ten types of cancers make up to 93% of all cancer cases, with EC and CC being the most prevalent and making up 52% of the total cases. The incidence rates of esophagus, liver, lung, breast, nasopharyngeal, and colon/rectum cancers showed increasing trends during the period from 1995 to 2004 in Nanao Island. Astounding the EC ASR were 72-150/100,000 among male and 26-64/100,000 among female in Nanao Island during 1995-2004. The EC incidence rate in Nanao population is among the highest across the world, which suggests that there are potential genetic and/or environmental factors affecting this particular population.
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| 46. |
- Viljanen, Jan, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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In-situ monitoring of transient gas phase K-Cl-S chemistry in a pilot-scale combustor
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. - : Elsevier BV. - 1540-7489. ; 38:1, s. 1823-1831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomass and waste derived fuels contain large amounts of sodium, potassium, and chlorine that form NaCl and KCl, that is, compounds that cause operational problems, such as slagging, fouling, and high-temperature corrosion. Therefore, alkali chlorides are the main reasons that explain why steam parameters are less advanced and efficient in biomass and waste-based power generation when compared to coal. These problems can be mitigated by introducing sulphur into the system to form alkali sulphates that are not as problematic on steel surfaces as alkali chlorides. However, the alkali sulphation process in realistic combustion environments needs further exploration. Thus, new diagnostic methods for in-situ monitoring of alkali sulphation kinetics in combustion systems are required. In this work, the simultaneous monitoring of KCl and KOH concentrations in a pilot-scale combustor using Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (CPFAAS) during stationary and transient operation of the combustor, is introduced. The CPFAAS information is complemented by monitoring SO2 and HCl concentrations using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The temporal performance of the system is demonstrated by measuring the temporal combustor response curves for KCl sulphation for different Cl/K ratios during rapid changes in gaseous SO2 concentrations. The temporal concentration curves obtained imply that the Cl/K ratio has a significant impact on the temporal alkali sulphation behaviour. The measurement system described enables further exploration of K-Cl-S chemistry in realistic large-scale power plant environments.
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| 47. |
- Wang, Hongjie, et al.
(författare)
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A recombinant adenovirus type 35 fiber knob protein sensitizes lymphoma cells to rituximab therapy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 115:3, s. 592-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many tumors, including lymphomas, upregulate expression of CD46 to escape destruction by complement. Tumor cells are therefore relatively resistant to therapy by monoclonal antibodies, which act through complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). From an Escherichia coli expression library of adenovirus type 35 fiber knob mutants, we selected a variant (Ad35K(++)) that had a higher affinity to CD46 than did the natural Ad35 fiber knob. We demonstrated that incubation of lymphoma cells with recombinant Ad35K(++) protein resulted in transient removal of CD46 from the cell surface. Preincubation of lymphoma cells with Ad35K(++) sensitized cells to CDC, triggered by the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab. In xenograft models with human lymphoma cells, preinjection of Ad35K(++) dramatically increased the therapeutic effect of rituximab. Blood cell counts and organ histology were normal after intravenous injection of Ad35K(++) into mice that express human CD46. The presence of polyclonal anti-Ad35K(++) antibodies did not affect the ability of Ad35K(++) to enhance rituximab-mediated CDC in in vitro assays. The Ad35K(++) based approach has potential implications in monoclonal antibody therapy of malignancies beyond the combination with rituximab. (Blood. 2010; 115: 592-600)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Wei, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption performance and mechanism of waste paper-derived phosphorus-rich carbon for separation of uranium from radioactive wastewater
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-2929. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of household waste -derived materials for wastewater treatment has double environmental benefit due to the availability of simultaneous disposal of household waste and wastewater. In this work, we report the facile production of phosphorus -rich carbon from waste paper as a potential adsorbent for the disposal of uranium (VI)containing nuclear wastewater. A simple phosphoric acid activation -carbonization strategy is developed to effectively transform waste paper into carbon. The phosphorus content of the obtained carbon reaches 8.55 at% and large pores with sizes ranging from 2 to 100 nm are observed. Batch and column adsorption experiments verify that waste paper -derived carbon can efficiently adsorb uranium (VI) from aqueous solution under weakly acidic conditions. The maximum amount of uranium adsorption on the carbon attains 492 mg g -1 at pH 4.6, and adsorption of uranium (VI) on the carbon quickly reaches the equilibrium within 20 minutes. The distribution coefficient of uranium (VI) on waste paper -derived carbon is as high as 128 L g -1 . The carbon can be reused for five times with uranium (VI) adsorption efficiencies above 89% and can be used for dynamic adsorption of uranium (VI) in a fix -bed column. Kinetics, thermodynamics and DFT calculations reveal a surface complexation mechanism between uranium (VI) ion and ionized phosphoric acid group. Moreover, to avoid the generation of secondary polluted water during the treatment of uranium -containing nuclear wastewater, a water -saving method is developed for the adsorption preparation and a water -free combustion method is employed for the disposal of uranium -containing spent adsorbent instead of recycling. This study demonstrates the good application potential of household waste -derived materials in wastewater treatment and provides more clues for the amalgamation of multifold subjects.
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| 50. |
- Zaidi, Syed H., et al.
(författare)
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Landscape of somatic single nucleotide variants and indels in colorectal cancer and impact on survival
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biologically heterogeneous disease. To characterize its mutational profile, we conduct targeted sequencing of 205 genes for 2,105 CRC cases with survival data. Our data shows several findings in addition to enhancing the existing knowledge of CRC. We identify PRKCI, SPZ1, MUTYH, MAP2K4, FETUB, and TGFBR2 as additional genes significantly mutated in CRC. We find that among hypermutated tumors, an increased mutation burden is associated with improved CRC-specific survival (HR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.21-0.82). Mutations in TP53 are associated with poorer CRC-specific survival, which is most pronounced in cases carrying TP53 mutations with predicted 0% transcriptional activity (HR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.21-1.94). Furthermore, we observe differences in mutational frequency of several genes and pathways by tumor location, stage, and sex. Overall, this large study provides deep insights into somatic mutations in CRC, and their potential relationships with survival and tumor features. Large scale sequencing study is of paramount importance to unravel the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer. Here, the authors sequenced 205 cancer genes in more than 2000 tumours and identified additional mutated driver genes, determined that mutational burden and specific mutations in TP53 are associated with survival odds.
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