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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 6. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 8. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 9. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 10. |
- Hu, Li-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Terbinafine prevents colorectal cancer growth by inducing dNTP starvation and reducing immune suppression
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0024 .- 1525-0016. ; 30:10, s. 3284-3299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing evidence indicates that gut fungal dysbiosis might play a key role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We sought to explore whether reversing the fungal dysbiosis by terbinafine, an approved antifungal drug, might inhibit the development of CRC. A population-based study from Sweden identified a total of 185 patients who received terbinafine after their CRC diagnosis and found that they had a decreased risk of death (hazard ratio=0.50) and metastasis (hazard ratio=0.44) compared with patients without terbinafine administration. In multiple mouse models of CRC, administration of terbinafine decreased the fungal load, the fungus-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion, and the tumor burden. Fecal microbiota transplantation from mice without terbinafine treatment reversed MDSC infiltration and partially restored tumor proliferation. Mechanistically, terbinafine directly impaired tumor cell proliferation by reducing the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) to reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), suppressing the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), resulting in nucleotide synthesis disruption, deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) starvation and cell cycle arrest. Collectively, terbinafine can inhibit CRC by reversing fungal dysbiosis, suppressing tumor cell proliferation, inhibiting fungus-induced MDSC infiltration, and restoring antitumor immune response.
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| 11. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2014 Challenge Results
- 2015
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Ingår i: COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2014 WORKSHOPS, PT II. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319161808 - 9783319161815 ; , s. 191-217
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge 2014, VOT2014, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 38 trackers are presented. The number of tested trackers makes VOT 2014 the largest benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. Features of the VOT2014 challenge that go beyond its VOT2013 predecessor are introduced: (i) a new VOT2014 dataset with full annotation of targets by rotated bounding boxes and per-frame attribute, (ii) extensions of the VOT2013 evaluation methodology, (iii) a new unit for tracking speed assessment less dependent on the hardware and (iv) the VOT2014 evaluation toolkit that significantly speeds up execution of experiments. The dataset, the evaluation kit as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 12. |
- Zhang, Hong-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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PINCH Protein Expression in Normal Endometrium, Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma
- 2010
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Ingår i: CHEMOTHERAPY. - : S. Karger AG. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 56:4, s. 291-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein ( PINCH), as an adapter protein of the LIM family for signal transduction in the integrin and growth factor pathway, is upregulated in the stroma of several common types of cancers and involved in promoting tumor progression. In the present study, we examined PINCH expression in normal endometrium, atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma, and further studied the relationships of PINCH expression with clinicopathological variables in cancer patients. Methods: PINCH expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 23 normal endometrial samples, 18 atypical endometrial hyperplasias and 48 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. Results: The PINCH expression in the stroma of cancer (71%) was significantly increased compared to either normal endometrium (17%, p andlt; 0.0001) or atypical hyperplasia (39%, p = 0.017), along with 9 cancers that had stronger PINCH expressions at the invasive margin of the cancers compared to the inner cancers. PINCH expression in cancer was higher in the patients with hypertension (p = 0.041) and estrogen exposure time andgt;30 years (p = 0.021). On the other hand, PINCH expression was not related to menopausal status, gravid status, blood sugar/lipid, family background of cancer, histological grade, myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, lymph nodal metastases, growth pattern, estrogen and progestogen receptors (p andgt; 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that PINCH seems to play a role, presently unknown, in the tumorigenesis and development of endometrial cancer that merits further study.
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| 13. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 14. |
- Abdoullaye, Doukary, et al.
(författare)
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Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 August 2009 - 30 September 2009
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 10:1, s. 232-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article documents the addition of 238 microsatellite marker loci and 72 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Adelges tsugae, Artemisia tridentata, Astroides calycularis, Azorella selago, Botryllus schlosseri, Botrylloides violaceus, Cardiocrinum cordatum var. glehnii, Campylopterus curvipennis, Colocasia esculenta, Cynomys ludovicianus, Cynomys leucurus, Cynomys gunnisoni, Epinephelus coioides, Eunicella singularis, Gammarus pulex, Homoeosoma nebulella, Hyla squirella, Lateolabrax japonicus, Mastomys erythroleucus, Pararge aegeria, Pardosa sierra, Phoenicopterus ruber ruber and Silene latifolia. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Adelges abietis, Adelges cooleyi, Adelges piceae, Pineus pini, Pineus strobi, Tubastrea micrantha, three other Tubastrea species, Botrylloides fuscus, Botrylloides simodensis, Campylopterus hemileucurus, Campylopterus rufus, Campylopterus largipennis, Campylopterus villaviscensio, Phaethornis longuemareus, Florisuga mellivora, Lampornis amethystinus, Amazilia cyanocephala, Archilochus colubris, Epinephelus lanceolatus, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Symbiodinium temperate-A clade, Gammarus fossarum, Gammarus roeselii, Dikerogammarus villosus and Limnomysis benedeni. This article also documents the addition of 72 sequencing primer pairs and 52 allele specific primers for Neophocaena phocaenoides.
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| 15. |
- An, Junghwa, et al.
(författare)
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Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009-30 November 2009
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 10:2, s. 404-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.
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| 16. |
- Hu, Jinhong, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and immunogenicity of a malaria vaccine, Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1/MSP-1 chimeric protein formulated in montanide ISA 720 in healthy adults
- 2008
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 3:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The P. falciparum chimeric protein 2.9 (PfCP-2.9) consisting of the sequences of MSP1-19 and AMA-1 (III) is a malaria vaccine candidate that was found to induce inhibitory antibodies in rabbits and monkeys. This was a phase I randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the PfCP-2.9 formulated with a novel adjuvant Montanide ISA720. Fifty-two subjects were randomly assigned to 4 dose groups of 10 participants, each receiving the test vaccine of 20, 50, 100, or 200 microg respectively, and 1 placebo group of 12 participants receiving the adjuvant only.METHODS AND FINDINGS: The vaccine formulation was shown to be safe and well-tolerated, and none of the participants withdrew. The total incidence of local adverse events (AEs) was 75%, distributed among 58% of the placebo group and 80% of those vaccinated. Among the vaccinated, 65% had events that were mild and 15% experienced moderate AEs. Almost all systemic adverse reactions observed in this study were graded as mild and required no therapy. The participants receiving the test vaccine developed detectable antibody responses which were boosted by the repeated vaccinations. Sixty percent of the vaccinated participants had high ELISA titers (>1:10,000) of antigen-specific antibodies which could also recognize native parasite proteins in an immunofluorescence assay (IFA).CONCLUSION: This study is the first clinical trial for this candidate and builds on previous investigations supporting PfCP-2.9/ISA720 as a promising blood-stage malaria vaccine. Results demonstrate safety, tolerability (particularly at the lower doses tested) and immunogenicity of the formulation. Further clinical development is ongoing to explore optimizing the dose and schedule of the formulation to decrease reactogenicity without compromising immunogenicity.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) 2002SL0046; Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN66850051 [66850051].
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| 17. |
- Li, Shenpan, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatic injury and ileitis associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice upon F–53B exposure
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F–53B), a substitute of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), has attracted significant attention for its link to hepatotoxicity and enterotoxicity. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of F–53B-induced enterohepatic toxicity remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to explore the role of F–53B exposure on enterohepatic injury based on the gut microbiota, pathological and molecular analysis in mice. Here, we exposed C57BL/6 mice to F–53B (0, 4, 40, and 400 μg/L) for 28 days. Our findings revealed a significant accumulation of F–53B in the liver, followed by small intestines, and feces. In addition, F–53B induced pathological collagen fiber deposition and lipoid degeneration, up-regulated the expression of fatty acid β-oxidation-related genes (PPARα and PPARγ, etc), while simultaneously down-regulating pro-inflammatory genes (Nlrp3, IL-1β, and Mcp1) in the liver. Meanwhile, F–53B induced ileal mucosal barrier damage, and an up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes and mucosal barrier-related genes (Muc1, Muc2, Claudin1, Occludin, Mct1, and ZO-1) in the ileum. Importantly, F–53B distinctly altered gut microbiota compositions by increasing the abundance of Akkermansia and decreasing the abundance of Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group in the feces. F–53B-altered microbiota compositions were significantly associated with genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation, inflammation, and mucosal barrier. In summary, our results demonstrate that F–53B is capable of inducing hepatic injury, ileitis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis may play an important role in the F–53B-induced enterohepatic toxicity.
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| 18. |
- Lin, Zhong, et al.
(författare)
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Rhizospheric effects on atrazine speciation and degradation in laterite soils of Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 25:13, s. 12407-12418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) is a worldwide-used herbicide and often detected in agricultural soils and groundwater at concentrations above the permitted limit, because of its high mobility, persistence, and massive application. This study applied pot experiments to investigate the atrazine contents and speciation during the phytoremediation process by Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. in laterite soils. From the change of the total atrazine and bioavailable atrazine measured by diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT), P. alopecuroides significantly improved atrazine degradation efficiency from 15.22 to 51.46%, attributing to the increasing bioavailable atrazine in rhizosphere. Only a small amount of atrazine was taken up by P. alopecuroides root and the acropetal translocation from roots to shoots was limited. The atrazine speciation was significantly different between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere, attributing to the declining pH and organic matters in rhizosphere. The relationship between pH and soil-bound/humus-fixed atrazine illustrated the pH-dependant release of the atrazine from soils and the competition between humus adsorption and uptake by P. alopecuroides. The present study reveals the important roles of soil pH and organic matters in atrazine speciation and availability in laterite soils, and provides new insights in the rhizospheric effects on effective phytoremediation of atrazine.
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| 19. |
- Liu, Kui, et al.
(författare)
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Kallikrein genes are associated with lupus and glomerular basement membrane-specific antibody-induced nephritis in mice and humans
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 119:4, s. 911-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune-mediated nephritis contributes to disease in systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture syndrome (caused by antibodies specific for glomerular basement membrane [anti-GBM antibodies]), and spontaneous lupus nephritis. Inbred mouse strains differ in susceptibility to anti-GBM antibody-induced and spontaneous lupus nephritis. This study sought to clarify the genetic and molecular factors that maybe responsible for enhanced immune-mediated renal disease in these models. When the kidneys of 3 mouse strains sensitive to anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis were compared with those of 2 control strains using microarray analysis, one-fifth of the underexpressed genes belonged to the kallikrein gene family,which encodes serine esterases. Mouse strains that upregulated renal and urinary kallikreins exhibited less evidence of disease. Antagonizing the kallikrein pathway augmented disease, while agonists dampened the severity of anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis. In addition, nephritis-sensitive mouse strains had kallikrein haplotypes that were distinct from those of control strains, including several regulatory polymorphisms,some of which were associated with functional consequences. Indeed, increased susceptibility to anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis and spontaneous lupus nephritis was achieved by breeding mice with a genetic interval harboring the kallikrein genes onto a disease-resistant background. Finally, both human SLE and spontaneous lupus nephritis were found to be associated with kallikrein genes, particularly KLK1 and the KLK3 promoter, when DNA SNPs from independent cohorts of SLE patients and controls were compared. Collectively, these studies suggest that kallikreins are protective disease-associated genes in anti-GBM antibody-induced nephritis and lupus.
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| 20. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 21. |
- Qian, Zhenchao, et al.
(författare)
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Triboelectric nanogenerators made of polybenzazole aerogels as fire-resistant negative tribo-materials
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flame-retardant negative tribo-materials are desirable for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) using under harsh conditions, such as thermal power fields and aerospace. The existed negative tribo-materials are mainly polymeric materials, and their high-temperature stability and fire resistance still need to be improved. Herein, poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) aerogels (PBOAs) were used as the negative tribo-materials in TENGs. Because of the large porosity and high specific surface area, the resultant TENGs exhibit maximum open circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and charge density of 40 V, 2.9 mA m(-2) and 72 mu C m(-2), respectively. The device can light 36 LED bulbs and charge the capacitor to 10 V within 250 s. The device can also be used as a self-powered, highly sensitive sensor for monitoring human motion and even slight collisions with an impulse of only 3 mu N s. PBOA has been paired with aluminum foil to fabricate PBOA/Al TENGs, which exhibit V on of 32 V(, )J(SC) of 1.2 mA M-2 and charge density of 32 mu C M-2 at a temperature as high as 350 degrees C, demonstrating the possibility of application of TENGs in high-temperature environments.
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| 22. |
- Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 582, s. 84-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses(1). The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data. This flexibility resulted in sizeable variation in the results of hypothesis tests, even for teams whose statistical maps were highly correlated at intermediate stages of the analysis pipeline. Variation in reported results was related to several aspects of analysis methodology. Notably, a meta-analytical approach that aggregated information across teams yielded a significant consensus in activated regions. Furthermore, prediction markets of researchers in the field revealed an overestimation of the likelihood of significant findings, even by researchers with direct knowledge of the dataset(2-5). Our findings show that analytical flexibility can have substantial effects on scientific conclusions, and identify factors that may be related to variability in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results emphasize the importance of validating and sharing complex analysis workflows, and demonstrate the need for performing and reporting multiple analyses of the same data. Potential approaches that could be used to mitigate issues related to analytical variability are discussed. The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.
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| 23. |
- Capel, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Effective field theory analysis of the Coulomb breakup of the one-neutron halo nucleus 19 C
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - 1434-601X .- 1434-6001. ; 59:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyse the Coulomb breakup of 19 C measured at 67A MeV at RIKEN. We use the Coulomb-Corrected Eikonal (CCE) approximation to model the reaction and describe the one-neutron halo nucleus 19 C within Halo Effective Field Theory (Halo EFT). At leading order we obtain a fair reproduction of the measured cross section as a function of energy and angle. The description is insensitive to the choice of optical potential, as long as it accurately represents the size of 18 C. It is also insensitive to the interior of the 19 C wave function. Comparison between theory and experiment thus enables us to infer asymptotic properties of the ground state of 19 C: these data put constraints on the one-neutron separation energy of this nucleus and, for a given binding energy, can be used to extract an asymptotic normalisation coefficient (ANC). These results are confirmed by CCE calculations employing next-to-leading order Halo EFT descriptions of 19 C: at this order the results for the Coulomb breakup cross section are completely insensitive to the choice of the regulator. Accordingly, this reaction can be used to constrain the one-neutron separation energy and ANC of 19 C.
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| 24. |
- Chen, Zhibin, et al.
(författare)
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Summary of the 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap-based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS) was held through the hybrid mode on 13-14 September 2021 in Hefei, China, jointly organized by the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). It followed the 1st GDT-FNS Workshop held in November 2018 in Hefei, China, and the 2nd taking place in November 2019 in Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. With the financial support from CAS and China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), this workshop was attended by more than 80 participants representing 20 institutes and universities from seven countries, with oral presentations broadcast via the Zoom conferencing system. Twenty-two presentations were made with topics covering design and key technologies, simulation and experiments, steady-state operation, status of the ALIANCE project, multi applications of neutron sources, and other concepts (Tokamaks, Mirrors, FRC, Plasma Focus, etc). The workshop consensus was made including the establishment of the ALIANCE International Working Group. The next GDT-FNS workshop is planned to be held in May 2022 in Novosibirsk.
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| 25. |
- Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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| 26. |
- Dang, Wen-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic effects of artesunate on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice are dependent on T follicular helper cell differentiation and activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway
- 2019
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Ingår i: Phytomedicine. - München : Elsevier. - 0944-7113 .- 1618-095X. ; 62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Anti-malarial drug artesunate (ART), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisnin, has immunosuppressive effects on several autoimmune diseases, including Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Colitis. However, molecular mechanisms of ART, especially on follicular helper T cells (Tfh), central players in SLE pathology, are far from clear.PURPOSE: The object for this work is to investigate the therapeutic effect of ART on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and its regulatory function on Tfh cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: MRL/lpr mice were used to explore therapeutic effects of ART on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and its regulatory functions on Tfh cells. Then, experiments of renal function were accomplished using the biochemical kits. Effects of ART on histopathology of kidneys, inflammatory factors and autoantibodies were examined using H&E staining, ELISA and real-time PCR. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used to examine effects of ART on Tfh differentiation and Jak2-Stat3 signaling pathway.RESULTS: Upon oral administration, ART significantly prolonged the survival of MRL/lpr mice, ameliorated the lupus nephritis symptoms, decreased the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies deposited in the kidney, and the levels of pathogenic cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-21). After ART treatment, T-cell compartment in the spleen of MRL/lpr mice was restored in terms of reduction in the number of Tfh cells and in the maintenance of the ratio of Tfr to follicular regulatory T cells (Tfh). In addition, ART has significantly inhibited the phosphorylation levels of Jak2 and Stat3 in the MRL/lpr mice.CONCLUSION: ART showed therapeutic effects on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting the differentiation of Tfh cells as well as altering the activation status of Jak2-Stat3 signaling cascade. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH
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| 27. |
- Fan, Li Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Central Asian heat extremes by statistical downscaling: Validation and future projection for 2015‒2100
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advances in Climate Change Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1674-9278. ; 13:1, s. 14-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing heatwaves and extreme temperatures have recently been observed across Central Asia (CA). Accurately assessing and projecting the changing climate extremes at the local (station) scale required for climate risk management are therefore highly important. However, global and regional climate models often fail to represent the statistical distributions of observed daily extreme variables and hence extremes in complex terrain. In this work, we developed a statistical downscaling (SD) model to project summer daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and heatwave indices for 65 meteorological stations in CA toward 2100. The SD model involves first-order autoregression and multiple linear regression using large-scale Tmax and circulation indices (CIs) as predictors, and the model is cross-validated against historical observations. The local Tmax and heatwave indices are then projected for 2015–2100 driven by the output of a global climate model (CNRM-CM6-1) under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585). The application of the SD model significantly improves forecasting of the probability distribution (10th/90th percentiles) of Tmax at stations, particularly across mountainous regions. The model also captures interannual variability and the long-term trend in Tmax, consistent with synoptic-scale inputs. SD projections demonstrate strong warming trends of summer Tmax in CA toward 2100 with rates between 0.35–0.64 °C per decade based on the SSP245 and SSP370 scenarios. Consequently, heatwave occurrence is projected to rise by 1.0–5.0 and 2.0–7.0 d per decade under the SSP245 and SSP370 scenarios, respectively, by 2100. Duration, intensity, and amplitude of heatwaves rise at greater rates under higher-emission scenarios, particularly in southeastern CA. The proposed SD model serves as a useful tool for assessing local climate extremes, which are needed for regional risk management and policymaking for adaption to climate change.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Li, Chunxia, et al.
(författare)
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Noncovalent microarrays from synthetic amino-terminating glycans : Implications in expanding glycan microarray diversity and platform comparison
- 2021
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 31:8, s. 931-946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycan microarrays have played important roles in detection and specificity assignment of glycan recognition by proteins. However, the size and diversity of glycan libraries in current microarray systems are small compared to estimated glycomes, and these may lead to missed detection or incomplete assignment. For microarray construction, covalent and noncovalent immobilization are the two types of methods used, but a direct comparison of results from the two platforms is required. Here we develop a chemical strategy to prepare lipid-linked probes from both naturally derived aldehyde-terminating and synthetic amino-terminating glycans that addresses the two aspects: expansion of sequence-defined glycan libraries and comparison of the two platforms. We demonstrate the specific recognition by plant and mammalian lectins, carbohydrate-binding modules and antibodies and the overall similarities from the two platforms. Our results provide new knowledge on unique glycan-binding specificities for the immune receptor Dectin-1 toward beta-glucans and the interaction of rotavirus P[19] adhesive protein with mucin O-glycan cores.
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| 31. |
- Li, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Four-Point Sweeping Method to Investigate Hysteresis of MoS2 FET
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 41:9, s. 1356-1359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hysteresis is a frequently observed phenomenon in the transfer characteristics of thin film transistors. Charge trapping/de-trapping processes of gate oxide and gate-channel interface are commonly known to be the origin of hysteresis and correlated to low frequency noise (LFN) properties of the devices. In this letter, a rapid four-point sweeping method (RFSM) is proposed to reveal the dependence of hysteresis, as well as the distribution of effective trap density on sweeping rate and gate bias range. Based on the RFSM, the hysteresis properties of four-layer MoS2 FETs are studied in detail. The experimental results demonstrate that the hysteresis and trap density at different frequencies and gate voltages, which could further roughly map the traps with different time constants and energy depths, can be obtained by the simple RFSM. Trap density estimated by RFSM shows a comparable range with that extracted from LFN, indicating that the traps inducing the hysteresis may also cause LFN.
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| 32. |
- Li, Fang-Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of K-Ras4B-plasma membrane association with a membrane microdomain-targeting peptide
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemical Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2041-6520 .- 2041-6539. ; 11:3, s. 826-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association of K-Ras4B protein with plasma membrane (PM) is required for its signaling activity. Thus, direct inhibition of K-Ras4B-PM interaction could be a potential anti-Ras therapeutic strategy. However, it remains challenging to modulate such protein-PM interaction. Based on Ras isoform-specific PM microdomain localization patterns, we have developed a potent and isoform-selective peptide inhibitor, Memrasin, for detachment of K-Ras4B from the PM. Memrasin is one of the first direct inhibitors of K-Ras4B-PM interaction, and consists of a membrane l(d) region-binding sequence derived from the C-terminal region of K-Ras4B and an endosome-escape enhancing motif that can aggregate on membrane. It forms peptide-enriched domains in the l(d) region, abrogates the tethering of K-Ras4B to the PM and accordingly impairs Ras signaling activity, thereby efficiently decreasing the viability of several human lung cancer cells in a dose-responsive and K-Ras dependent manner. Memrasin provides a useful tool for exploring the biological function of K-Ras4B on or off the PM and a potential starting point for further development into anti-Ras therapeutics.
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| 33. |
- Li, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal schemes and benefits of recovering waste heat from data center for district heating by CO2 transcritical heat pumps
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recovering waste heat from data center (DC) for district heating by CO2 transcritical heat pumps can effectively improve the performance of DC and reduce CO2 emission of district heating. However, the optimal design schemes, financial and environmental benefits, and market competitiveness of waste heat heating system are still unclear for different application scenarios. To realize the optimal system design and evaluate the benefits at different application scenarios, this work analyzed and compared the comprehensive performance of four system design schemes, considering two waste heat recovery locations and two cycle types. The maximum coefficient of performance (COP) was set as the optimization goal. Influences of electricity and heat prices on the optimal scheme and thermo-economic performance of waste heat heating system were analyzed. The direct electric-heating, coal-heating, gas-heating, air source heat pump, and ground source heat pump were selected as the comparative heating methods to evaluate the market competitiveness of waste heat heating system. Results show that using waste heat of cooling water from IT room achieves a better thermo-economic performance than that from chillers, which increases maximum COP by 18.2%-28.9% and reduces system investment cost by 4.2%-10.2%. The COP of IHE cycle (e.g., add an internal heat exchanger in the simple cycle) is larger, whereas the simple cycle has a lower investment cost. The cycle type with the shortest dynamic payback period depends on actual electricity and heat prices. The financial and environmental benefits of waste heat heating system are very attractive since it can reduce energy cost by 23.0%-75.0% compared with common heating methods and reduce CO2 emission by 12,880 tons annually compared with gas-heating. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of DC will be improved by waste heat reuse, and the annual energy reuse effectiveness (ERE) can decrease from 1.296 to 0.902 at the annual heating time of 121 days.
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| 34. |
- Li, Shiyu, et al.
(författare)
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Docking and Activity of DNA Polymerase on Solid-State Nanopores
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ACS Sensors. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2379-3694. ; 7:5, s. 1476-1483
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integration of motor enzymes with biological nanopores has enabled commercial DNA sequencing technology; yet studies of the similar principle applying to solid-state nanopores are limited. Here, we demonstrate the real-life monitoring of phi29 DNA polymerase (DNAP) docking onto truncated-pyramidal nanopore (TPP) arrays through both electrical and optical readout. To achieve effective docking, atomic layer deposition of hafnium oxide is employed to reduce the narrowest pore opening size of original silicon (Si) TPPs to sub-10 nm. On a single TPP with pore opening size comparable to DNAP, ionic current measurements show that a polymerase-DNA complex can temporally dock onto the TPP with a certain docking orientation, while the majority become translocation events. On 5-by-5 TPP arrays, a label-free optical detection method using Ca2+ sensitive dye, are employed to detect the docking dynamics of DNAP. The results show that this label-free detection strategy is capable of accessing the docking events of DNAP on TPP arrays. Finally, we examine the activity of docked DNAP by performing on-site rolling circle amplification to synthesize single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which serves as a proof-of-concept demonstration of utilizing this docking scheme for emerging nanopore sensing applications.
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| 35. |
- Li, Shiyu, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of DNA Clogging in Hafnium Oxide Nanopores
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 124:51, s. 11573-11583
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interfacing solid-state nanopores with biological systems has been exploited as a versatile analytical platform for analysis of individual biomolecules. Although clogging of solid-state nanopores due to nonspecific interactions between analytes and pore walls poses a persistent challenge in attaining the anticipated sensing efficacy, insufficient studies focus on elucidating the clogging dynamics. Herein, we investigate the DNA clogging behavior by passing double-stranded (ds) DNA molecules of different lengths through hafnium oxide(HfO2)-coated silicon (Si) nanopore arrays, at different bias voltages and electrolyte pH values. Employing stable and photoluminescent-free HfO2/Si nanopore arrays permits a parallelized visualization of DNA clogging with confocal fluorescence microscopy. We find that the probability of pore clogging increases with both DNA length and bias voltage. Two types of clogging are discerned: persistent and temporary. In the time-resolved analysis, temporary clogging events exhibit a shorter lifetime at higher bias voltage. Furthermore, we show that the surface charge density has a prominent effect on the clogging probability because of electrostatic attraction between the dsDNA and the HfO2 pore walls. An analytical model based on examining the energy landscape along the DNA translocation trajectory is developed to qualitatively evaluate the DNA–pore interaction. Both experimental and theoretical results indicate that the occurrence of clogging is strongly dependent on the configuration of translocating DNA molecules and the electrostatic interaction between DNA and charged pore surface. These findings provide a detailed account of the DNA clogging phenomenon and are of practical interest for DNA sensing based on solid-state nanopores.
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| 36. |
- Li, Shiyu, et al.
(författare)
-
Label-Free Optical Detection of DNA Polymerase Docking on Solid-State Nanopore Arrays
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Integration of motor enzymes with biological nanopores has enabled commercial DNA sequencing, yet studies of the similar principle applying to solid-state nanopores are limited. Here, we demonstrate the label-free optical detection of phi29 DNA polymerase (DNAP) docking onto truncated-pyramidal nanopores (TPP). Atomic layer deposition of hafnium oxide is employed to shrink the pore opening size of original silicon (Si) TPP to sub-10 nm. Ionic current measurements of single TPP of an opening size comparable to DNAP show that polymerase-DNA complexes can temporally dock onto the TPP with a certain docking orientation, while the majority are translocation events. A label-free optical detection method using Ca2+ sensitive dye is employed to detect the docking of DNAP on 5-by-5 nanopore arrays. The results of the proof-of-concept experiment show that this label-free detection strategy is capable of accessing the docking events of DNAP on solid-state nanopore arrays.
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| 37. |
- Li, Shiyu, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoarrays on Passivated Aluminum Surface for Site-Specific Immobilization of Biomolecules
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Bio Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2576-6422. ; 1:1, s. 125-135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid development of biosensing platforms for highly sensitive and specific detection raises the desire of precise localization of biomolecules onto various material surfaces. Aluminum has been strategically employed in the biosensor system due to its compatibility with CMOS technology and its optical and electrical properties such as prominent propagation of surface plasmons. Herein, we present an adaptable method for preparation of carbon nanoarrays on aluminum surface passivated with poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA). The carbon nanoarrays were defined by means of electron beam induced deposition (EBID) and they were employed to realize site-specific immobilization of target biomolecules. To demonstrate the concept, selective streptavidin/neutravidin immobilization on the carbon nanoarrays was achieved through protein physisorption with a significantly high contrast of the carbon domains over the surrounding PVPA-modified aluminum surface. By adjusting the fabrication parameters, local protein densities could be varied on similarly sized nanodomains in a parallel process. Moreover, localization of single 40 nm biotinylated beads was achieved by loading them on the neutravidin-decorated nanoarrays. As a further demonstration, DNA polymerase with a streptavidin tag was bound to the biotin-beads that were immobilized on the nanoarrays and in situ rolling circle amplification (RCA) was subsequently performed. The observation of organized DNA arrays synthesized by RCA verified the nanoscale localization of the enzyme with retained biological activity. Hence, the presented approach could provide a flexible and universal avenue to precise localizing various biomolecules on aluminum surface for potential biosensor and bioelectronic applications.
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| 38. |
- Li, Shiyu, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoparticle Localization on Solid-State Nanopores Via Electrophoretic Force
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE SENSORS, ACTUATORS AND MICROSYSTEMS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII). - : IEEE. - 9781728120072 ; , s. 2372-2375
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents a versatile and facile method for precise localization of nanoparticles on solid-state nanopores surface-functionalized with carbon via electron beam induced deposition (EBID). For the first time, EBID of carbon is demonstrated to enable nanoparticle localization on solid-state nanopores. To avoid non-specific adsorption of nanoparticles on the surface, an atomic layer deposited Al2O3 layer in combination with phosphonate passivation is used. By tuning the electron dose in the EBID process, the loading fraction of nanoparticles on carbon nanoarrays can be varied on similarly sized domains. Nanoparticle loading driven by electrophoresis can achieve an efficiency that is orders of magnitude higher than that driven by diffusion.
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| 39. |
- Li, Shiyu, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of DNA Translocation and Clogging Using Photoluminescent-Free Silicon Nanopore Arrays
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 2020 IEEE 20th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728182643 ; , s. 193-197
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid-state nanopore arrays hold promises for high-throughput optical analysis of single molecules. However, the high photoluminescence (PL) background emanating from the commonly used silicon nitride (SiNx) membrane for nanopore fabrication and the nonspecific adsorption of analyte on the pore sidewalls have plagued the high sensing sensitivity and efficiency offered by optical sensing. Here, the present work demonstrates an optical monitoring system using a truncated pyramidal nanopore array on a silicon membrane coated with a lipid bilayer for visualization of DNA translocation events. The silicon membrane produces essentially no PL under blue-green laser illumination, which enables more clear identification of DNA translocation and clogging events than using SiNx-based devices. The lipid bilayer coating based on small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) minimizes the nonspecific adsorption of DNA. With confocal microscopy, the fluorescent labeled DNA translocation motion is visualized in three dimensions. The statistical results show that the percentage of DNA clogged pores is significantly reduced for the lipid bilayer coated nanopores as compared to the uncoated nanopores.
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| 40. |
- Li, Zhixuan, et al.
(författare)
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Revealing two radio-active galactic nuclei extremely near PSR J0437−4715
- 2018
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 476:1, s. 399-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Newton's gravitational constant G may vary with time at an extremely low level. The time variability of G will affect the orbital motion of a millisecond pulsar in a binary system and cause a tiny difference between the orbital period-dependent measurement of the kinematic distance and the direct measurement of the annual parallax distance. PSR J0437-4715 is the nearest millisecond pulsar and the brightest at radio wavelengths. To explore the feasibility of achieving a parallax distance accuracy of one light-year, comparable to the recent timing result, with the technique of differential astrometry, we searched for compact radio sources quite close to PSR J0437-4715. Using existing data from the Very Large Array and the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we detected two sources with flat spectra, relatively stable flux densities of 0.9 and 1.0 mJy at 8.4 GHz and separations of 13 and 45 arcsec. With a network consisting of the Long Baseline Array and the Kunming 40-m radio telescope, we found that both sources have a point-like structure and a brightness temperature of >= 10(7) K. According to these radio inputs and the absence of counterparts in other bands, we argue that they are most likely the compact radio cores of extragalactic active galactic nuclei, rather than Galactic radio stars. The finding of these two radio active galactic nuclei will enable us to achieve a sub-pc distance accuracy with in-beam phase-referencing very-long-baseline interferometric observations and provide one of the most stringent constraints on the time variability of G in the near future.
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| 41. |
- Li, Zhijian, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic exploration of essential yeast gene function with temperature-sensitive mutants.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1696 .- 1087-0156. ; 29:4, s. 361-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conditional temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are valuable reagents for studying essential genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We constructed 787 ts strains, covering 497 (∼45%) of the 1,101 essential yeast genes, with ∼30% of the genes represented by multiple alleles. All of the alleles are integrated into their native genomic locus in the S288C common reference strain and are linked to a kanMX selectable marker, allowing further genetic manipulation by synthetic genetic array (SGA)-based, high-throughput methods. We show two such manipulations: barcoding of 440 strains, which enables chemical-genetic suppression analysis, and the construction of arrays of strains carrying different fluorescent markers of subcellular structure, which enables quantitative analysis of phenotypes using high-content screening. Quantitative analysis of a GFP-tubulin marker identified roles for cohesin and condensin genes in spindle disassembly. This mutant collection should facilitate a wide range of systematic studies aimed at understanding the functions of essential genes.
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| 42. |
- MacGregor, Stuart, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies a new melanoma susceptibility locus at 1q21.3
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:11, s. 1114-1118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed a genome-wide association study of melanoma in a discovery cohort of 2,168 Australian individuals with melanoma and 4,387 control individuals. In this discovery phase, we confirm several previously characterized melanoma-associated loci at MC1R, ASIP and MTAP-CDKN2A. We selected variants at nine loci for replication in three independent case-control studies (Europe: 2,804 subjects with melanoma, 7,618 control subjects; United States 1: 1,804 subjects with melanoma, 1,026 control subjects; United States 2: 585 subjects with melanoma, 6,500 control subjects). The combined meta-analysis of all case-control studies identified a new susceptibility locus at 1q21.3 (rs7412746, P = 9.0 x 10(-11), OR in combined replication cohorts of 0.89 (95% CI 0.85-0.95)). We also show evidence suggesting that melanoma associates with 1q42.12 (rs3219090, P = 9.3 x 10(-8)). The associated variants at the 1q21.3 locus span a region with ten genes, and plausible candidate genes for melanoma susceptibility include ARNT and SETDB1. Variants at the 1q21.3 locus do not seem to be associated with human pigmentation or measures of nevus density.
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| 43. |
-
Optical monitoring of single nanoparticle capture in solid-state nanopore array
- 2019
-
Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid-state nanopore arrays hold promises for high-throughput optical or electrical analysis of nanoscale entities. Here, we demonstrate an optical monitoring system for investigation of the capture process of single nanoparticles driven by electrophoretic force in a nanopore array. Over 50% of the single nanoparticle capture events are achieved by controlling the applied voltage across the nanopore membrane with a tailored nanopore size. We find that at a certain voltage bias, the capture of single nanoparticles is a self-termination process.
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| 44. |
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Parallelized single-molecule translocations in arrayed silicon nanopores coated with a lipid bilayer
- 2019
-
Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid-state nanopores have been recognized as a versatile tool for single-molecule detection with high sensitivity. They have been extensively studied for analysis by nanopore translocation of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. As a complement to the electrical sensing readout, optical sensing of labeled molecules on a solid-state nanopore array can notably enhance the sensing capacity with high throughput. However, the widely used silicon nitride (SiNx) nanopore produces significant photoluminescence (PL) background under blue-green laser illumination, which can severely limit, e.g., multicolor sensing for DNA barcode discrimination. In addition, the occasionally occurring irreversible DNA clogging in a solid-state nanopore, because of DNA molecules interacting with the nanopore channel wall during translocation, can seriously affect the sensing efficacy and accuracy. To address these problems, we have developed an optical sensing system dedicated to nanopore arrays fabricated in a free-standing silicon membrane with its surface functionalized by lipid bilayer coating.A silicon nanopore array with pores of sub-20 nm diameter is fabricated in a silicon-on-insulator wafer using electron beam lithography in combination with anisotropic etching. The 55 nm thick free-standing silicon membrane shows negligible PL emission in the 550 to 800 nm spectral range under blue-green laser illumination, which greatly improves the optical signal-to-background ratio for single-molecule detection in comparison with standard SiNx devices. The formation of a lipid bilayer on the nanopore walls is successful as inferred by monitoring in situ the stepwise reduction of the nanopore conductance of ionic current and subsequently by observing ex situ the homogenous fluorescence emitted from a labeled lipid bilayer. As a demonstration, we perform the optical sensing measurements with a conventional wide-field microscope to detect the translocation of fluorophore-labeled DNA strands (120 kbp). With the low background PL of the silicon membrane, the optical signal of individual DNA translocation events is more clearly identified than when using similarly processed SiNx nanopore devices. Moreover, the coated fluidic lipid bilayer provides a nonstick surface to minimize the non-specific interaction of DNA molecules with the silicon pore walls. The results show that the DNA clogging is substantially reduced in the lipid bilayer coated nanopores as compared to uncoated nanopores. These results demonstrate that using silicon nanopores coated by a lipid bilayer is a promising strategy to realizing massively-parallel single-molecule optical detection.
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| 45. |
- Pham, Ngan Hoang, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Limited Formation of Bowl-Shaped Nanopores for Directional DNA Translocation
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 15:11, s. 17938-17946
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid-state nanopores of on-demand dimensions and shapes can facilitate desired sensor functions. However, reproducible fabrication of arrayed nanopores of predefined dimensions remains challenging despite numerous techniques explored. Here, bowl-shaped nanopores combining properties of ultrathin membrane and tapering geometry are manufactured using a self-limiting process developed on the basis of standard silicon technology. The upper opening of the bowl-nanopores is 60–120 nm in diameter, and the bottom orifice reaches sub-5 nm. Current-voltage characteristics of the fabricated bowl-nanopores display insignificant rectification indicating weak ionic selectivity, in accordance to numerical simulations showing minor differences in electric field and ionic velocity upon the reversal of bias voltages. Simulations reveal, concomitantly, high-momentum electroosmotic flow downward along the concave nanopore sidewall. Collisions between the left and right tributaries over the bottom orifice drive the electroosmotic flow both up into the nanopore and down out of the nanopore through the orifice. The resultant asymmetry in electrophoretic–electroosmotic force is considered the cause responsible for the experimentally observed strong directionality in λ-DNA translocation with larger amplitude, longer duration, and higher frequencies for the downward movements from the upper opening than the upward ones from the orifice. Thus, the resourceful silicon nanofabrication technology is shown to enable nanopore designs toward enriching sensor applications.
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| 46. |
- Wang, Yi-Tong, et al.
(författare)
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Direct production of biodiesel via simultaneous esterification and transesterification of renewable oils using calcined blast furnace dust
- 2021
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 175, s. 1001-1011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct production of biodiesel by both esterification and transesterification of renewable oils with acid value (AV) of 9.6-28.9 mg KOH/g using calcined blast furnace dust is studied. Blast furnace dust calcined at 600-700 degrees C obviously promotes efficient biodiesel production because of the crystal form transformation from lead sulfate particles in dust into active lead oxide, lead sulfide, and lead particles. It is found for the first time that lead oxide, lead sulfide and lead particles can resist saponification from fatty acids to catalyze raw renewable oils to biodiesel with catalytic activity order as follows: lead oxide > lead > lead sulfide > lead sulfate. Biodiesel production process is optimized according to an orthogonal design with biodiesel yield of 92 wt% obtained at AV of 9.6 mg KOH/g (82 wt% after 5 cycles). Biodiesel yield of 84 wt% is achieved at AV of 28.9 mg KOH/g with acidity of 0.18 mmol/g. Calcined blast furnace dust presents potential applications in the production of biodiesel from renewable oils with high AVs.
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| 47. |
- Wang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Dual-Tunable Structural Colors from Liquid-Infused Aerogels
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced Optical Materials. - : Wiley. - 2162-7568 .- 2195-1071. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, dual-tunable structural colors generated from liquid-infused, robust silsesquioxane aerogels due to the specific light scattering by the aerogel skeleton in liquids with matching refractive indices, are reported. The colors are tunable by changing the temperature and the composition of the liquid that roots from the coherence between the colors and the refractive index of the infused liquid. The finding provides new insights and tools for constructing structural colors and light management. It also opens applications of stimuli-responsive smart windows, displays, and sensors. Taking advantage of the penetrable light of selected wavelength, the 3D structures of aerogel skeletons are reconstructed by an optical method, which provides a facile alternative approach to characterizing aerogel structure and will be instrumental to the understanding of the relationship between skeleton structure and mechanical property of porous 3D structures.
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| 48. |
- Wen, Chenyu, et al.
(författare)
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Autogenic analyte translocation in nanopores
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 60, s. 503-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanopores have been widely studied for power generation and single-molecule detection. Although the power level generated by a single nanopore based on electrolyte concentration gradient is too low to be practically useful, such a power level is found sufficient to drive analyte translocation in nanopores. Here, we explore the simultaneous action of a solid-state nanopore as a nanopower generator and a nanoscale biosensor by exploiting the extremely small power generated to drive the analyte translocation in the same nanopore device. This autogenic analyte translocation is demonstrated using protein and DNA for their distinct shape, size and charge. The simple device structure allows for easy implementation of either electrical or optical readout. The obtained nanopore translocation is characterized by typical behaviors expected for an ordinary nanopore sensor powered by an external source. Extensive numerical simulation confirms the power generation and power level generated. It also reveals the fundamentals of autogenic translocation. As it requires no external power source, the sensing can be conducted with simple readout electronics and may allow for integration of high-density nanopores. Our approach demonstrated in this work may pave the way to practical high-throughput single-molecule nanopore sensing powered by the distributed energy harvested by the nanopores themselves.
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| 49. |
- Wen, Chenyu, et al.
(författare)
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On rectification of ionic current in nanopores
- 2019
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 91:22, s. 14597-14604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 50. |
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