| 1. |
- Gale, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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Band termination spectroscopy in 157Er
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - 0954-3899. ; 21:2, s. 193-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The level scheme of 157Er has been extended from a spin region where the nucleus behaves as a prolate rotor to a region where the spin is produced by the alignment of all or most of the available valence nucleons along the symmetry axis of a weakly deformed oblate shape. The level scheme was established at high spin using up to four-fold gamma -ray coincidences detected in the Eurogam spectrometer following the reaction 114Cd( 48Ca,5n)157Er at a bombarding energy of 210 MeV. Particularly favoured states have been established at IK=69/2+, 81/2+, 71/2+, 77/2-, 87-/2 and 89-/2. Specific single-particle configurations are assigned to these special states by comparison with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. These states are related to structures observed in the neighbouring nuclei 158Er and 157Ho. These data provide the spectrum of single-particle states for the lowest lying valence orbitals above the 146Gd closed core.
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| 2. |
- Mandenius, C. F., et al.
(författare)
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Predicting fermentability of wood hydrolyzates with responses from electronic noses
- 1999
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Ingår i: Biotechnology progress (Print). - New York, NY, United States : AIChE. - 8756-7938 .- 1520-6033. ; 15:4, s. 617-621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fermentability of lignocellulose hydrolyzates have been predicted from the responses of a combination of chemical gas sensors. The hydrolyzates were prepared by dilute-acid hydrolysis of wood from pine, aspen, birch, and spruce. The volatile emission from the hydrolyzates before fermentation was measured, and the sensor array response pattern was compared with the observed fermentability of the hydrolyzates, i.e. with the final ethanol concentration after fermentation and the maximum specific ethanol production rate. Two concentration parameters in the hydrolyzates, furfural and the sum of furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), were also predicted from the responses. The sensors used were metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), tin oxide semiconductor devices, and conductive polymer sensors configured in two sensor arrays. The sensor array response pattern was analyzed by principal component analysis and artificial neural networks. Predictions from artificial neural networks deviated from measured values with less than 15%.The fermentability of lignocellulose hydrolyzates have been predicted from the responses of a combination of chemical gas sensors. The hydrolyzates were prepared by dilute-acid hydrolysis of wood from pine, aspen, birch, and spruce. The volatile emission from the hydrolyzates before fermentation was measured, and the sensor array response pattern was compared with the observed fermentability of the hydrolyzates, i.e. with the final ethanol concentration after fermentation and the maximum specific ethanol production rate. Two concentration parameters in the hydrolyzates, furfural and the sum of furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), were also predicted from the responses. The sensors used were metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), tin oxide semiconductor devices, and conductive polymer sensors configured in two sensor arrays. The sensor array response pattern was analyzed by principal component analysis and artificial neural networks. Predictions from artificial neural networks deviated from measured values with less than 15%.
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| 3. |
- Abdelaziz, Omar Y., et al.
(författare)
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Biological valorization of low molecular weight lignin
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 0734-9750. ; 34:8, s. 1318-1346
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin is a major component of lignocellulosic biomass and as such, it is processed in enormous amounts in the pulp and paper industry worldwide. In such industry it mainly serves the purpose of a fuel to provide process steam and electricity, and to a minor extent to provide low grade heat for external purposes. Also from other biorefinery concepts, including 2nd generation ethanol, increasing amounts of lignin will be generated. Other uses for lignin – apart from fuel production – are of increasing interest not least in these new biorefinery concepts. These new uses can broadly be divided into application of the polymer as such, native or modified, or the use of lignin as a feedstock for the production of chemicals. The present review focuses on the latter and in particular the advances in the biological routes for chemicals production from lignin. Such a biological route will likely involve an initial depolymerization, which is followed by biological conversion of the obtained smaller lignin fragments. The conversion can be either a short catalytic conversion into desired chemicals, or a longer metabolic conversion. In this review, we give a brief summary of sources of lignin, methods of depolymerization, biological pathways for conversion of the lignin monomers and the analytical tools necessary for characterizing and evaluating key lignin attributes.
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| 4. |
- Almeida, João R.M., et al.
(författare)
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Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Yeast Cultures Pre-Adapted for Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Fermentation. - : MDPI AG. - 2311-5637. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economically feasible bioethanol process from lignocellulose requires efficient fermentation by yeast of all sugars present in the hydrolysate. However, when exposed to lignocellulosic hydrolysate, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is challenged with a variety of inhibitors that reduce yeast viability, growth, and fermentation rate, and in addition damage cellular structures. In order to evaluate the capability of S. cerevisiae to adapt and respond to lignocellulosic hydrolysates, the physiological effect of cultivating yeast in the spruce hydrolysate was comprehensively studied by assessment of yeast performance in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), measurement of furaldehyde reduction activity, assessment of conversion of phenolic compounds and genome-wide transcription analysis. The yeast cultivated in spruce hydrolysate developed a rapid adaptive response to lignocellulosic hydrolysate, which significantly improved its fermentation performance in subsequent SSF experiments. The adaptation was shown to involve the induction of NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductases and conversion of phenolic compounds during the fed-batch cultivation. These properties were correlated to the expression of several genes encoding oxidoreductases, notably AAD4, ADH6, OYE2/3, and YML131w. The other most significant transcriptional changes involved genes involved in transport mechanisms, such as YHK8, FLR1, or ATR1. A large set of genes were found to be associated with transcription factors (TFs) involved in stress response (Msn2p, Msn4p, Yap1p) but also cell growth and division (Gcr4p, Ste12p, Sok2p), and these TFs were most likely controlling the response at the post-transcriptional level.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Borgström, Celina, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of modifications procuring growth on xylose in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying the Weimberg pathway
- 2019
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Ingår i: Metabolic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-7176. ; 55, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most prevalent xylose-assimilating pathways in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, i.e. the xylose isomerase (XI) and the xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase (XR/XDH) pathways, channel the carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and further into glycolysis. In contrast, the oxidative and non-phosphorylative bacterial Weimberg pathway channels the xylose carbon through five steps into the metabolic node α-ketoglutarate (αKG) that can be utilized for growth or diverted into production of various metabolites. In the present study, steps preventing the establishment of a functional Weimberg pathway in S. cerevisiae were identified. Using an original design where a S. cerevisiae strain was expressing the essential four genes of the Caulobacter crescentus pathway (xylB, xylD, xylX, xylA) together with a deletion of FRA2 gene to upregulate the iron-sulfur metabolism, it was shown that the C. crescentus αKG semialdehyde dehydrogenase, XylA was not functional in S. cerevisiae. When replaced by the recently described analog from Corynebacterium glutamicum, KsaD, significantly higher in vitro activity was observed but the strain did not grow on xylose. Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) on a xylose/glucose medium on this strain led to a loss of XylB, the first step of the Weimberg pathway, suggesting that ALE favored minimizing the inhibiting xylonate accumulation by restricting the upper part of the pathway. Therefore three additional gene copies of the lower Weimberg pathway (XylD, XylX and KsaD) were introduced. The resulting S. cerevisiae strain (ΔΔfra2, xylB, 4x (xylD-xylX-ksaD)) was able to generate biomass from xylose and Weimberg pathway intermediates were detected. To our knowledge this is the first report of a functional complete Weimberg pathway expressed in fungi. When optimized this pathway has the potential to channel xylose towards value-added specialty chemicals such as dicarboxylic acids and diols.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Brink, Daniel P., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the diversity of microbial lignin catabolism : experiences from the eLignin database
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0175-7598 .- 1432-0614. ; , s. 3979-4002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin is a heterogeneous aromatic biopolymer and a major constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood and agricultural residues. Despite the high amount of aromatic carbon present, the severe recalcitrance of the lignin macromolecule makes it difficult to convert into value-added products. In nature, lignin and lignin-derived aromatic compounds are catabolized by a consortia of microbes specialized at breaking down the natural lignin and its constituents. In an attempt to bridge the gap between the fundamental knowledge on microbial lignin catabolism, and the recently emerging field of applied biotechnology for lignin biovalorization, we have developed the eLignin Microbial Database (www.elignindatabase.com), an openly available database that indexes data from the lignin bibliome, such as microorganisms, aromatic substrates, and metabolic pathways. In the present contribution, we introduce the eLignin database, use its dataset to map the reported ecological and biochemical diversity of the lignin microbial niches, and discuss the findings.
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| 9. |
- Cederwall, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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HIGH-SPIN STATES OF BA-120
- 1991
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei. - 0939-7922 .- 1431-5831. ; 338:4, s. 461-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The very neutron deficient nucleus 120Ba has been investigated in a high-spin gamma-spectroscopic study. The yrast band of 120Ba is extended up to spin 22 h and one tentatively assigned negative-parity side band is observed up to spin 15 h. The experimental results are compared with Total Routhian Surface calculations.
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| 10. |
- Cederwall, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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SIGNATURE INVERSION IN CS-120 - EVIDENCE FOR A RESIDUAL PN INTERACTION
- 1992
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 542:3, s. 454-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states have been observed in the odd-odd isotope 120Cs in S-32-induced reactions. The previously known band is extended to higher spin and several new bands are identified. Band-head configurations have been inferred by comparing the band properties with known bands in the odd nuclei 121Cs and 121Ba. A remarkable signature inversion is observed in the pi-h11/2 x nu-h11/2 band. The experimental data are compared with calculations made within the total routhian surface model and the two-particle plus triaxial rotor model. It is concluded that a significant residual pn interaction rather than triaxiality is responsible for the signature inversion phenomenon in the pi-h11/2 x nu-h11/2 band of 120Cs.(~)[GRAPHICS]
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| 11. |
- Costa, Thales H.F., et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration-scale enzymatic saccharification of sulfite-pulped spruce with addition of hydrogen peroxide for LPMO activation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-104X .- 1932-1031. ; 14:4, s. 734-745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The saccharification of lignocellulosic materials like Norway spruce is challenging due to the recalcitrant nature of the biomass, and it requires optimized and efficient pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis processes to make it industrially feasible. In this study, we report successful enzymatic saccharification of sulfite-pulped spruce (Borregaard's BALI™ process) at demonstration scale, achieved through the controlled delivery of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the activation of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) present in the cellulolytic enzyme preparation. We achieved 85% saccharification yield in 4 days using industrially relevant conditions – that is, an enzyme dose of 4% (w/w dry matter of substrate) of the commercial cellulase cocktail Cellic CTec3 and a substrate loading of 12% (w/w). Addition of H2O2 and the resulting controlled and high LPMO activity had a positive effect on the rate of saccharification and the final sugar titer. Clearly, the high LPMO activity was dependent on feeding the reactors with the LPMO co-substrate H2O2, as in situ generation of H2O2 from molecular oxygen was limited. These demonstration-scale experiments provide a solid basis for the use of H2O2 to improve enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass at large industrial scale.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- DORING, J, et al.
(författare)
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EVIDENCE FOR NEW ISOMERS AND BAND STRUCTURES IN RB-80
- 1992
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 46:6, s. R2127-R2131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in the doubly odd nucleus Rb-80 have mainly been studied via the Zn-68(F-19,alpha3n) reaction at 72 MeV beam energy utilizing the NORDBALL detector system. The level scheme has been extended up to a (15+) state at 4446 keV excitation energy. In the low-spin region seven new isomers with lifetimes in the nanosecond region have been found. In addition, a 6+ isomer with a half-life of the order of mus has been identified at an excitation energy of 494.4 keV. For the level sequence built on this isomer positive parity is suggested and the states are ascribed to the intruder two-quasiparticle configuration (pig9/2 x nug9/2) and collective excitations.
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| 14. |
- DORING, J, et al.
(författare)
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HIGH-LYING 3-QUASI-PARTICLE BANDS AND SIGNATURE SPLITTING IN RB-81
- 1994
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 50:4, s. 1845-1850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new high-lying level sequences of negative parity have been identified in the odd-proton nucleus Rb-81 by in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy using the reactions Br-79(alpha, 2n) at 27 MeV and Zn-68(F-19, alpha2n) at 72 MeV. One sequence, dominated by M1 transitions, is interpreted as a three-quasiparticle band predominantly containing a neutron in the p1/2, p3/2, or f5/2 subshell coupled to g9/2 proton and g9/2 neutron excitations. The other new level sequence forms the three-quasiparticle extension of the unfavored negative-parity band, but the states decay also by E1 transitions. The signature splitting points to a configuration where an aligned g9/2 proton pair is involved.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- García-Hidalgo, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Vanillin Production in pseudomonas : Whole-genome sequencing of pseudomonas sp. strain 9.1 and reannotation of pseudomonas putida CalA as a vanillin reductase
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240. ; 86:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial degradation of lignin and its related aromatic compounds has great potential for the sustainable production of chemicals and bioremediation of contaminated soils. We previously isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain 9.1 from historical waste deposits (forming so-called fiber banks) released from pulp and paper mills along the Baltic Sea coast. The strain accumulated vanillyl alcohol during growth on vanillin, and while reported in other microbes, this phenotype is less common in wild-type pseudomonads. As the reduction of vanillin to vanil- lyl alcohol is an undesired trait in Pseudomonas strains engineered to accumulate vanillin, connecting the strain 9.1 phenotype with a genotype would increase the fundamental understanding and genetic engineering potential of microbial vanillin metabolism. The genome of Pseudomonas sp. 9.1 was sequenced and assembled. Annotation identified oxidoreductases with homology to Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase ScADH6p, known to reduce vanillin to vanillyl alcohol, in both the 9.1 genome and the model strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Recombinant expression of the Pseudomonas sp. 9.1 FEZ21_09870 and P. putida KT2440 PP_2426 (calA) genes in Escherichia coli revealed that these open reading frames encode aldehyde reductases that convert vanillin to vanillyl alcohol, and that P. putida KT2440 PP_3839 encodes a coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase that oxidizes coniferyl alcohol to coniferyl aldehyde (i.e., the function previ-ously assigned to calA). The deletion of PP_2426 in P. putida GN442 engineered to accumulate vanillin resulted in a decrease in by-product (vanillyl alcohol) yield from 17% to -1%. Based on these results, we propose the reannotation of PP_2426 and FEZ21_09870 as areA and PP_3839 as calA-II. IMPORTANCE Valorization of lignocellulose (nonedible plant matter) is of key interest for the sustainable production of chemicals from renewable resources. Lignin, one of the main constituents of lignocellulose, is a heterogeneous aromatic biopolymer that can be chemically depolymerized into a heterogeneous mixture of aromatic building blocks; those can be further converted by certain microbes into value-added aromatic chemicals, e.g., the flavoring agent vanillin. We previously isolated a Pseudomonas sp. strain with the (for the genus) unusual trait of vanil- lyl alcohol production during growth on vanillin. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolate led to the identification of a vanillin reductase candidate gene whose deletion in a recombinant vanillin-accumulating P. putida strain almost completely alleviated the undesired vanillyl alcohol by-product yield. These results represent an important step toward biotechnological production of vanillin from lignin using bacterial cell factories.
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| 17. |
- JERRESTAM, D, et al.
(författare)
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COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS IN CD-106
- 1994
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 571:2, s. 393-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High Spin states in 106Cd were populated by the reactions Zr-94(O-17, 5n) and Ge(S-32, 4n) at 80 MeV and at 148 MeV, respectively. The gamma-decay was studied by gamma-spectroscopic methods using the Nordball multi-detector army. Protons and alpha-particles were detected in particle detector system, thus selecting the neutron channel. The experiment included gamma-ray yields, gammagamma-coincidences and gamma-ray angular relation measurements. Collective bands extending up to spin 26+, 20- and 21-, have been observed in 106Cd. A new lifetime Of 11(-3)+6 ns for the 16+ state at 7118.7 keV has been found. Both total Routhian surfaces and spin diabatic surfaces have been calculated and used for assigning quasiparticle configurations to the bands. The (+, 0) band is assigned as a nuh11/2(2) configuration below I = 16+ and at higher spins suggested to be built on a pig9/2(2)nuh11/2(2) configuration. The large hindrance observed for the decay from the 16+ state supports the latter assignment. With the alignment of the nuh11/12(2) pair the deformation is predicted to change from (epsilon2,gamma) = (0.13,-2-degrees) to (0.17, 4-degrees). The configuration of the negative parity bands is assigned as either a nuh11/2(1)d5/2(1) or a nuh11/2(1)(g7/2xd5/2)1, With (epsilon2, gamma) = (0.14,9-degrees.
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| 18. |
- JERRESTAM, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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IN-BEAM SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE NUCLEUS CD-105
- 1995
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 593:2, s. 162-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High spin states in Cd-105 have been studied using reactions Cd-106(p, pn), Cd-106(He-3, 2p2n), Zr-92(O-16, 3n) and Ge-76(S-34, 5n). The excited levels are dominated by a negative parity band structure up to spin 47/2(-) and a positive parity structure up
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Johansson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Shikimic acid production by a modified strain of E-coli (W3110.shik1) under phosphate-limited and carbon-limited conditions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 1097-0290 .- 0006-3592. ; 92:5, s. 541-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shikimic acid is one of several industrially interesting chiral starting materials formed in the aromatic amino acid pathway of plants and microorganisms. In this study, the physiology of a shikimic acid producing strain of Escherichia coli (derived from W31 10) deleted in aroL (shikimic acid kinase II gene), was compared to that of a corresponding control strain W31 10) under carbonand phosphate-limited conditions. For the shikimic acid producing strain (referred to as W31 10.shik1), phosphate limitation resulted in a higher yield of shikimic acid (0.059 +/- 0.012 vs. 0.024 +/- 0.005 c-mol/c-mol) and a lower yield of by-products from the shikimate pathway, when compared to carbon-limited condition. The yield of the by-product 3-clehydroshikimic acid (DHS) decreased from 0.076 +/- 0.028 to 0.022 +/- 0.001 c-mol/c-mol. Several other by-products were only detected under carbon-limited conditions. The latter group included 3-dehydroquinic acid (0.021 +/- 0.021 c-mol/c-mol), quinic acid (0.012 +/- 0.005 c-mol/c-mol), and gallic acid (0.002 +/- 0.001 c-mol/c-mol). For both strains, more acetate was produced under phosphate than the carbon-limited case. Considerable cell lysis was found for both strains but was higher for W3110.shikl ' and increased for both strains under phosphate limitation. The advantages of the latter condition in terms of an increased shikimic acid yield was thus counteracted by an increased cell lysis, which may make downstream processing more difficult. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 21. |
- JUUTINEN, S, et al.
(författare)
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EVIDENCE FOR BAND TERMINATION IN XE-118
- 1991
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei. - 0939-7922 .- 1431-5831. ; 338:3, s. 365-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The yrast band of Xe118 has been extended up to tentatively I-pi = 34+ in a heavy-ion in-beam gamma-spectroscopic study using the NORDBALL detector array. A band crossing is observed at the highest spins and interpreted within the Modified Oscillator Model as a transition to a terminating band.
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| 22. |
- Kownacki, J, et al.
(författare)
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High-spin studies of the neutron deficient nuclei In-103, In-105, In-107, and In-109
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 627:2, s. 239-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states of the isotopes 103,105,107,109In have been investigated using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic methods. Results from three different experiments are presented. Targets of 54Fe, 50Cr, and 92Mo were bombarded by a 270 and 261 MeV 58Ni beam and by a 95 MeV 19F beam, respectively. Reaction channel separation was achieved with a charged-particle detector array and in the first two experiments also with a 1π neutron detector system. As a result of these experiments the level schemes of 103,105,107,109In were significantly extended. Excited states of these odd-A indium isotopes are discussed within the framework of the nuclear shell model and the hole-core coupling scheme. The systematics of excited states of light odd-A indium isotopes is also discussed.
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| 23. |
- Lidén, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Combining garden therapy and supported employment - a method for preparing women on long-term sick leave for working life
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 30:2, s. 411-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015 Nordic College of Caring Science. Women are overrepresented among the group people suffering from long-term illness. In addition to their illness, suffering long-term sick leave leads to economical restraints as well social distress. There are gaps in our understanding of the challenges these women face. There is also lack of knowledge about how these challenges can be effectively addressed in rehabilitation. This deficiency is problematic from an ethical, justice and a caring perspective. In this study, changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among women on long-term sick leave were investigated during and after participating in a rehabilitation programme combining two validated methods, Garden Therapy and Supported Employment (SE). The study also discusses difficulties in realising research related to vulnerable under-privileged people. From a population of 329 women who had reported their interest to participate, 245 were randomised to the programme. Of these 144 accepted participation in the research project and of these 123 women accepted to answer the SF-36 questionnaire. The participants were between 21 and 62 years with poor physical and mental health. They had received public financial support from <1 year to >10 years. The SF-36 measurement was carried out at baseline, after completion of Garden Therapy and after completion of SE. The results are based on data of respondents who participated at all the three occasions (n = 52). When comparing HRQoL baseline with the following occasions, the participants' General Health (GH), Vitality (VT), Social Functioning (SF) and mental health had improved significantly. The Four Leaf Clover (FLC) programme could be an appropriate method for reducing socially induced suffering. However, to conduct intervention studies where vulnerable persons are involved, it is off vital importance to consider whether the participants have the strength to complete the intervention.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- LIDEN, F, et al.
(författare)
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ALIGNMENT PROCESSES IN CS-119, CS-121 AND CS-123
- 1992
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 550:2, s. 365-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rotational band structures have been observed in the odd-A Cs isotopes 119Cs, 121Cs and 123Cs. The previously known bands have been extended to higher spin values and several new bands have been established. Alignments of both h11/2 protons and neutrons are seen. Of special interest are the alignment frequencies in the (tentative) [422]3/2+ and [404]9/2+ bands which indicate a configuration-dependent proton pairing. Furthermore, the variation of the interaction strength at the first band crossing in the h11/2 bands does not follow the standard cranked-shell-model predictions. This feature is in line with previous systematic observations of alignment processes in high-j intruder bands, and might infer an additional band mixing due to a neutron-proton interaction.(~)[GRAPHICS]
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Nunes, Diogo Jp, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of nitrogen availability on the poly-3-d-hydroxybutyrate accumulation by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2017
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Ingår i: AMB Express. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-0855. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poly-3-d-hydroxybutyrate (or PHB) is a polyester which can be used in the production of biodegradable plastics from renewable resources. It is naturally produced by several bacteria as a response to nutrient starvation in the excess of a carbon source. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be an alternative production host as it offers good inhibitor tolerance towards weak acids and phenolic compounds and does not depolymerize the produced PHB. As nitrogen limitation is known to boost the accumulation of PHB in bacteria, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of nitrogen availability on PHB accumulation in two recombinant S. cerevisiae strains harboring different xylose consuming and PHB producing pathways: TMB4443 expressing an NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase and a wild-type S. stipitis XR with preferential use of NADPH and TMB4425 which expresses an NADH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase and a mutated XR with a balanced affinity for NADPH/NADH. TMB4443 accumulated most PHB under aerobic conditions and with glucose as sole carbon source, whereas the highest PHB concentrations were obtained with TMB4425 under anaerobic conditions and xylose as carbon source. In both cases, the highest PHB contents were obtained with high availability of nitrogen. The major impact of nitrogen availability was observed in TMB4425, where a 2.7-fold increase in PHB content was obtained. In contrast to what was observed in natural PHB-producing bacteria, nitrogen deficiency did not improve PHB accumulation in S. cerevisiae. Instead the excess available carbon from xylose was shunted into glycogen, indicating a significant gluconeogenic activity on xylose.
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| 28. |
- Nyman, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Revised Swedish guidelines on intravenous iodine contrast medium-induced acute kidney injury 2022: A summary
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 64:5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Society of Uroradiology has revised their computed tomography (CT) guidelines regarding iodine contrast media-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). They are more cautious compared to the European Society of Urogenital Radiology and the American College of Radiology since the actual risk of CI-AKI remains uncertain in patients with moderate to severe kidney damage due to a lack of prospective controlled studies and mainly based on retrospective propensity score-matched studies with low-grade evidence. Another source of uncertainty is the imprecision of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations. However, randomized hydration studies indictae an upper limit risk of CI-AKI of about 5% for outpatients with a GFR in the range of 30-44 or 45-59 mL/min/1.73m(2) combined with multiple risk factors. Apart from GFR limits, the guideline also includes limits for systemic contrast medium exposure expressed in gram-iodine/GFR ratio.
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| 29. |
- Ravi, Krithika, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial conversion of depolymerized Kraft lignin
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundLignin is a potential feedstock for microbial conversion into various chemicals. However, the microbial degradation rate of native or technical lignin is low, and chemical depolymerization is needed to obtain reasonable conversion rates. In the current study, nine bacterial strains belonging to the Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus genera were evaluated for their ability to grow on alkaline-treated softwood lignin as a sole carbon source.ResultsPseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50090 and Rhodococcus opacus DSM1069 showed the best growth of the tested species on plates with lignin. Further evaluation of P. fluorescens and R. opacus was made in liquid cultivations with depolymerized softwood Kraft lignin (DL) at a concentration of 1 g/L. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed that R. opacus consumed most of the available lower-molecular weight compounds (approximately 0.1–0.4 kDa) in the DL, but the weight distribution of larger fractions was almost unaffected. Importantly, the consumed compounds included guaiacol—one of the main monomers in the DL. SEC analysis of P. fluorescens culture broth, in contrast, did not show a large conversion of low-molecular weight compounds, and guaiacol remained unconsumed. However, a significant shift in molecular weight distribution towards lower average weights was seen after cultivation with P. fluorescens.ConclusionsRhodococcus opacus and P. fluorescens were identified as two potential microbial candidates for the conversion/consumption of base-catalyzed depolymerized lignin, acting on low- and high-molecular weight lignin fragments, respectively. These findings will be of relevance for designing bioconversion of softwood Kraft lignin.
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| 30. |
- Ravi, Krithika, et al.
(författare)
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Biological conversion of aromatic monolignol compounds by a Pseudomonas isolate from sediments of the Baltic Sea
- 2018
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Ingår i: AMB Express. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-0855. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial strains were isolated from the sediments of the Baltic Sea using ferulic acid, guaiacol or a lignin-rich softwood waste stream as substrate. In total nine isolates were obtained, five on ferulic acid, two on guaiacol and two on a lignin-rich softwood stream as a carbon source. Three of the isolates were found to be Pseudomonas sp. based on 16S rRNA sequencing. Among them, isolate 9.1, which showed the fastest growth in defined M9 medium, was tentatively identified as a Pseudomonas deceptionensis strain based on the gyrB sequencing. The growth of isolate 9.1 was further examined on six selected lignin model compounds (ferulate, p-coumarate, benzoate, syringate, vanillin and guaiacol) from different upper funneling aromatic pathways and was found able to grow on four out of these six compounds. No growth was detected on syringate and guaiacol. The highest specific growth and uptake rates were observed for benzoate (0.3 h−1 and 4.2 mmol gCDW −1 h−1) whereas the lowest were for the compounds from the coniferyl branch. Interestingly, several pathway intermediates were excreted during batch growth. Vanillyl alcohol was found to be excreted during growth on vanillin. Several other intermediates like cis,cis-muconate, catechol, vanillate and 4-hydroxybenzoate from the known bacterial catabolic pathways were excreted during growth on the model compounds.
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| 31. |
- Ravi, Krithika, et al.
(författare)
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Conversion of lignin model compounds by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and isolates from compost
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0614 .- 0175-7598. ; 101:12, s. 5059-5070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Starting from mature vegetable compost, four bacterial strains were selected using a lignin-rich medium. 16S ribosomal RNA identification of the isolates showed high score similarity with Pseudomonas spp. for three out of four isolates. Further characterization of growth on mixtures of six selected lignin model compounds (vanillin, vanillate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, p-coumarate, benzoate, and ferulate) was carried out with three of the Pseudomonas isolates and in addition with the strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440 from a culture collection. The specific growth rates on benzoate, p-coumarate, and 4-hydroxybenzoate were considerably higher (0.26–0.27 h−1) than those on ferulate and vanillate (0.21 and 0.22 h−1), as were the uptake rates.There was no direct growth of P. putida KT2440 on vanillin, but instead, vanillin was rapidly converted in to vanillate at a rate of 4.87 mmol (gCDW h)−1 after which the accumulated vanillate was taken up. The growth curve reflected a diauxic growthwhen mixtures of the model compounds were used as carbon source. Vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and benzoate were preferentially consumed first, whereas ferulate was always the last substrate to be taken in. These results contribute to a better understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for the utilization of these bacteria as cell factories for upgrading lignin-derived mixtures of aromatic molecules.
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| 32. |
- Ravi, Krithika, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological characterization and sequence analysis of a syringate-consuming Actinobacterium
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524. ; 285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hardwood lignin is made of up to 75% syringyl-units and the bioconversion of syringate and syringaldehyde is therefore of considerable interest for biological valorization of lignin. In the current study, we have isolated a syringate-consuming bacterium identified as Microbacterium sp. RG1 and characterized its growth on several lignin model compounds. Growth was observed on syringate, 3-O-methylgallate, vanillate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, ferulate and p-coumarate. Toxic aromatic aldehydes such as vanillin and syringaldehyde were converted to their respective alcohols/acids which were eventually consumed with a maximum specific uptake rate of 0.02 and 0.1 mmol (g CDW h) −1 respectively. The isolate was further subjected to whole genome sequencing and putative genes related to the metabolism of syringyl-compounds were mapped for the first time in a Gram-positive bacterium. These findings will be of high significance when designing future host microorganisms and bioprocesses for the efficient valorization of pre-treated lignin feedstocks.
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| 33. |
- Risa, Christina F, et al.
(författare)
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Communicative patterns in antenatal diabetes care. An exploratory and descriptive study of midwives led consultations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067. ; 20:13/14, s. 2053-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. To explore and describe the verbal communication patterns in antenatal consultations between pregnant women with diabetes and their midwives. Background. Few studies have focused on the efficacy of communication during consultations between midwives and their clients, especially in a high-risk context. Design. An explorative and descriptive study of antenatal consultations between midwives and their clients at four antenatal diabetes clinics in Norway. Methods. Thematic analysis was used to study verbal communication in ten woman–midwife consultations that were audio recorded and transcribed. The analysis was based on the following questions: (1) who talks and to what degree? (2) What are the topics discussed and who is the initiator? and (3) What characterises the dialogue in the consultations? Results. The results suggest that there was a predominantly medical focus in the consultations, with the communication style characterised by a combination of informal and formal talk. The consultations were structured into three phases, each with its own conversation style. Conclusions. The communication patterns adopted appeared to limit the opportunities of mothers-to-be to express freely any concerns. It is suggested that a larger degree of openness to the emotional and psychological aspects of pregnancy should be incorporated into the consultations. To take advantage of the different competencies in this multidisciplinary diabetes team, the contribution of the midwife to this specialised antenatal care should be both recognised and defined. Relevance to clinical practice. Awareness of each midwife’s own communication style, as well as their attentiveness to a woman’s implicit concerns, is required for the satisfactory support and understanding of the individual pregnant woman. It is necessary to support midwives in the continuous development of their communication skills, a task that should be included as part of midwifery education and undertaken by practitioners in the clinical environment.
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| 34. |
- Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 186:1, s. 32-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a 2,000-year genetic transect through Scandinavia spanning the Iron Age to the present, based on 48 new and 249 published ancient genomes and genotypes from 16,638 modern individuals. We find regional variation in the timing and magnitude of gene flow from three sources: the eastern Baltic, the British-Irish Isles, and southern Europe. British-Irish ancestry was widespread in Scandinavia from the Viking period, whereas eastern Baltic ancestry is more localized to Gotland and central Sweden. In some regions, a drop in current levels of external ancestry suggests that ancient immigrants contributed proportionately less to the modern Scandinavian gene pool than indicated by the ancestry of genomes from the Viking and Medieval periods. Finally, we show that a north-south genetic cline that characterizes modern Scandinavians is mainly due to the differential levels of Uralic ancestry and that this cline existed in the Viking Age and possibly earlier.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Wasserstrom, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring d-xylose oxidation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the Weimberg pathway
- 2018
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Ingår i: AMB Express. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-0855. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae towards efficient d-xylose assimilation has been a major focus over the last decades since d-xylose is the second most abundant sugar in nature, and its conversion into products could significantly improve process economy in biomass-based processes. Up to now, two different metabolic routes have been introduced via genetic engineering, consisting of either the isomerization or the oxido-reduction of d-xylose to d-xylulose that is further connected to the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis. In the present study, cytosolic d-xylose oxidation was investigated instead, through the introduction of the Weimberg pathway from Caulobacter crescentus in S. cerevisiae. This pathway consists of five reaction steps that connect d-xylose to the TCA cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate. The corresponding genes could be expressed in S. cerevisiae, but no growth was observed on d-xylose indicating that not all the enzymes were functionally active. The accumulation of the Weimberg intermediate d-xylonate suggested that the dehydration step(s) might be limiting, blocking further conversion into α-ketoglutarate. Although four alternative dehydratases both of bacterial and archaeon origins were evaluated, d-xylonate accumulation still occurred. A better understanding of the mechanisms associated with the activity of dehydratases, both at a bacterial and yeast level, appears essential to obtain a fully functional Weimberg pathway in S. cerevisiae.
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