| 1. |
- Lidestav, Gun, et al.
(författare)
-
Preface: Gender and forestry
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25, s. 1-5
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Elias, et al.
(författare)
-
Constituting gender and gender equality through policy : the political of gender mainstreaming in the Swedish forest industry
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2040-7149 .- 2040-7157. ; 37:8, s. 763-779
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeIn Sweden, gender mainstreaming policies have a long political history. As part of the national gender equality strategy of the Swedish forest industry, the ten largest forestry companies committed themselves to gender mainstream their policies. Limiting the impact of policies and the agency of change, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the varied and conflicting meanings and constitution of the concepts, the problem and, in extent, the organisational realities of gender mainstreaming.Design/methodology/approachIn both, implementation and practice, gender mainstreaming posse challenges on various levels and by analysing these documents as practical texts from the WPR-approach. This paper explores constructions of gender and gender equality and their implications on the practice and the political of gender mainstreaming in a male-dominated primary industry.FindingsThe results show that the organisations themselves were not constituted as the subject of the policy but instead some of the individuals (women). The subject position of women represented in company policy was one of lacking skills and competences and in the need of help. Not only men and the masculine norms but organisational processes and structures were also generally invisible in the material. Power and conflict were mainly absent from the understanding of gender equality. Instead, consenting ideas of gender equality were the focus. Such conceptualisations of gender equality are beneficial for all risk concealing power structures and thereby limit the political space for change.Originality/valueBy highlighting the scale of policy and the significance of organisational contexts, the results indicate how gender and gender equality are constitutive through the governing technologies of neoliberal and market-oriented ideologies in policy – emphasising the further limiting of space for structural change and politicalization within the male-dominated organisations of Swedish forest industry.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Elias, et al.
(författare)
-
Creating alternative spaces and articulating needs: Challenging gendered notions of forestry and forest ownership through women's networks
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 67, s. 38-44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The forest industry continues to be men dominated, dependent on forest owners' supply of raw material and of significant importance to the national and local economy and economic development in Sweden. The interconnection between masculinity and the work, knowledge, forest owners and professionals in the sector contributes to exclusion of women. In response to this, women forest owners have formed networks in different local areas. Through focus group interviews, this study examined the strategies, functions and positions of these networks, both in their individual locations and the overall policy processes of gender mainstreaming of the sector, to scrutinise the reproduction of gender inequities and the gendered notion of forestry. The results show how the networks are acting to expand the discursive space, establish alternative publics and empower their members by inventing and circulating counterdiscourses. The different strategies adopted by the networks appear to have emerged in response to contemporary political processes. The conclusion is that one single public sphere cannot encompass the diversity of the contemporary forestry sector, indicating a need to contain a multiplicity of publics, both to challenge the modes of deliberation that mask domination and to facilitate transformative processes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Elias, et al.
(författare)
-
Gendered Resource Access and Utilisation in Swedish Family Farming
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 3, s. 188-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gendered relations in resource access and farming are two important intersecting themes of gender studies in a northern rural context. However, conventional analysis and perceptions of the economy conceal the contribution of women within families, in businesses and in the labor market. This article demonstrate the significance of capital to farming women's engagement with agriculture using a Swedish case study, based on descriptive analyses of data from the Federation of Swedish Farmers. To disclose the embodiment of family farming, gendered control of land, business activities and farm incomes is analyzed. On this empirical basis, we argue for reconstitution of farm-related entrepreneurial research, rural development policies and rural gender studies from a new material feminist approach. Access to resources, typically land, together with social forces and embodied experiences constitute the basis of strategic focus and agency. We demonstrate that acknowledgement of access to resources in the research process and in the understanding of social relations, resistance and situated knowledge are essential.
|
|
| 5. |
- Andersson, Elias, et al.
(författare)
-
Jämställdhet som branschgemensam strategi i skogsbrukssektorn 2013-2015
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den svenska skogssektorn står inför stora utmaningar för att kunna anpassa sig till ökad konkurrens på råvaror, tjänster och arbetskraft i övergången mot en biobaserade ekonomin. Detta kräver en större innovationsförmåga. Projektet Jämställdhet som branschgemensam strategi i skogsbrukssektorn har med utgångspunkt i den nationella jämställdhetsstrategin syftat till att analysera och utveckla det branschgemensamma jämställdhetsarbetet. Policyanalys kombinerad med en interaktiv forskningsmetod, som inkluderar sektorns olika parter i den kunskapsskapande processen, har utgjort projektets övergripande forskningsansats. Projektet har finansierats av VINNOVA och pågått från november 2013 till augusti 2015. Arbetet har genomförts med hjälp av organisationsspecifika studier och dialogbaserade workshops kring de jämställdhetsstrategiska insatserna, med avsikten att utveckla och etablera en erfarenhetsbaserad plattform för jämställdhetsinnovation i skogsbrukssektorn. De organisationsspecifika studierna har genomförts under 2014 och fokuserat på ett antal jämställdhetsfrämjande åtgärder. Resultaten från dessa inledande undersökningar och analyser har legat till grund för tre stycken workshops med branschens aktörer. Att skogsbrukssektorn traditionellt dominerats av män är något som tydligt präglar dagens skogliga organisationer och utbildningar. Olika ansatser har gjorts för att locka fler kvinnor till skogen och deras andel ha under de senare decennierna långsamt stigit. Dock ligger andelen idag fortsatt på en relativt låg. Mönstret som har växt fram visar att sektorn har svårt att attrahera och rekryter kvinnor och andra grupper av män, som t.ex. från städer eller med en annan etnisk bakgrund. Tidigare studier visar att kvinnor, bland annat till följd av den maskulina skogliga kulturen, inte identifierar sig med eller känner sig inkluderade i skogsbrukssektorn (Lidestav et al., 2011). De skogliga utbildningarna utgör den primära vägen in och förser sektorn med rekryterings- och kompetensunderlag för alla dess nivåer. I dagsläget utgör kvinnorna en minoritet vid de olika utbildningarna. Mindre fem procent av eleverna på landets skogliga inriktningar vid naturbruksgymnasierna är flickor. Vid SLU:s Skogsmästarprogram och Jägmästarprogram är motsvarande andel ungefär 20 respektive 30 procent. Ett steg i att gemensamt förändra den nuvarande situationen inom sektorns arbetsorganisationer har varit jämställdhetsstrategin ”Konkurrenskraft kräver jämställdhet” som lanserades 2011. Ur detta arbete har det växt fram ett antal jämställdhetsfrämjande insatser som inom olika områden har syftat till att bidra till en positiv utveckling. Dessa insatser har dock kommit olika långt och implementerats på skilda sätt. Det är i detta sammanhang som projektet har verkat och interagerat. Dess resultat bidrar både till att stärka det genusvetenskapliga forskningsfältet och till kunskapsbaserade jämställdhetsåtgärder i skogsnäringen. I denna slutrapport beskrivs projektet, dess genomförande och innehåll. De olika delstudier och aktiviteter som har utgjort centrala katalysatorer i genomförandet och kunskapandet presenteras var för sig. Med detta som bas blickar projektet avslutningsvis framåt genom att ge tre konkreta förslag kring hur jämställdhetsarbetet bör utvecklas i framtiden.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Elias, et al.
(författare)
-
Services for What and for Whom? A Literature Review of Private Forest Owners' Decision-Making in Relation to Forest-Based Services
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Small-Scale Forestry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1873-7617 .- 1873-7854. ; 22, s. 511-535
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The more distanced forest owners become from their forests, the more room there is for different kinds of advice and service provision to help them in their forest management decisions. Therefore, the quality and adaptation of these services impact the use of forest resources significantly, including at a broader scale. Even though the forest owners' decision-making at the general level, as well as the role of advisory services and their efficiency has been the subject of various studies, literature on how forest owners make decisions in relation to the various types of service provisions appears to be limited, and no systematic review has been found. To offer a better understanding of the present state of knowledge on, and the relations between, decision-making, forest related services, and forest ownership, this literature review provides an overview of the scientific research between 2008 and 2020 on private forest owners' decision-making related to services. The results show that the forest owners' decision-making related to services has been gaining increasing interest as a research topic, especially during the last 5-6 years. However, it is still dominated by a few countries and contexts. In addition, in the current research decision-making concept is mostly understood as a decision outcome i.e., the forest owners' choice between typically two alternatives. The importance of process-based understanding on decision-making, on the other hand, seemed to be largely missing from the forest owner studies. As conclusions, five proposals for future research avenues are presented.
|
|
| 7. |
- Appelstrand, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Women entrepreneurship - a shortcut to a more competitive and equal forestry sector?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 30:3, s. 226-234
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the potential for soft-governance instruments and processes such as the National Gender Equality Strategy to implement a strategy aiming at improved competiveness through gender equality. A central question addressed is how to create a women entrepreneurial identity within the framework of the dominant gender order in the forest sector? The literature review and policy analysis upon which this article is based shows that both structural and individual factors in combination are important for women to be motivated to develop a business in the green sectors. While fully agree with the above, this article takes the discussion one step further by pointing out how policy programs designed to support rural business often have been carried out in a top-down fashion without sufficient knowledge about specific target groups, and have primarily focused on men's businesses within the primary business areas. In order not to be "genderblind," specific support built from the grassroots level with sufficient knowledge about the target group, i.e. women forest owners, is crucial. Several studies also show that in order for programs or strategies with vague effect goals to work, they have to be legitimate and accepted by the stakeholders, which has shown to be one of the most fundamental weaknesses of this type of soft-governance approach. The essential factor is not the goal itself, but rather which tools are available for implementation. Otherwise, this type of soft policy instruments will only work on those who already believe - that is to say, it is seducing the already seduced.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Berg Lejon, Solveig, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing Small-Scale Forestry by Data Base for Forest Owner Analysis
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Small-Scale Forestry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1873-7617 .- 1873-7854. ; 10, s. 199-210
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, as in other countries with a growing and increasingly diverse population of forest owners, there is an apparent need for more detailed quantitative data of high quality in order to describe and understand present forest conditions and predict and explain future trends. Therefore, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences has developed a Data Base for Forest Owner Analysis (DBFOA) by combining existing forest measurement statistics, gathered on a regular basis by the Swedish Forest Agency since 1992, with records of the individual forest owners. The database consists of self-reported measurement statistics in terms of cuttings, cleaning, scarification and planting from about 30,000 forest management units. It includes information on the owner age, gender, residential proximity to the management unit and the extent of work undertaken by the owner. From 1999 it also indicates whether the forest is certified. This paper demonstrates the use of the database by presenting results from (1) a comparison of management practices on properties that are certified with those that are not, and (2) an examination of how the area of planting and final felling have changed from 1999 to 2006 in total and between male and female forest owners. Results from the first analysis show that the willingness to certify increases with the size of the forest property and also that harvesting activities are more frequent on certified than non-certified properties. The second analysis, show a higher ratio of final felling during 2003-2006 on properties owned by women than properties owned by men.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Buchanan, Astri, et al.
(författare)
-
What's counted as a reindeer herder? Gender and the adaptive capacity of Sami reindeer herding communities in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. S352-S362
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Researchers of adaptive capacity and sustainable livelihoods have frequently used social, cultural, human, economic and institutional capitals to better understand how rural and resource-dependent communities address environmental, social and economic stresses. Yet few studies have considered how men and women contribute differently to these capitals to support community resilience overall. Our research sought to understand the differential contributions of Sami men and women to the adaptive capacity of reindeer husbandry and reindeer herding communities in northern Sweden. Our focus revealed a gendered division of labour in reindeer herding as an economic enterprise as well as gendered contributions to a broader conceptualization of reindeer husbandry as a family and community-based practice, and as a livelihood and cultural tradition. Based on our results, we recommend that community resilience be enhanced by generating more opportunities for men to achieve higher levels of human and economic capital (particularly outside of herding activities) and encouraging women to contribute more directly to institutional capital by participating in the formation and implementation of legislation, policies and plans.
|
|
| 12. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
-
Att planera för hela skogslandskapet : utmaningar och möjligheter
- 2016
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Skogens många värden behöver samplaneras och sättas i sitt sammanhang utifrån ett landskapsperspektiv. Vi intervjuade skogsägare och skogliga intressenter om hur de ser på skogens värden, äganderätten och skogspolitiska förutsättningar, samt synen på att samarbeta och ta hänsyn till varandras intressen. Vi utgår från behov identifierade i planeringsprocesser som inkluderar många deltagare och intressen, när det gäller att förbättrakommunikation, information och mötesplatser. Vi ser tre möjliga verktyg för att skapa förutsättningar för ett landskapsperspektiv i planeringen av skogens värden: en landskapslots, en samverkansarena, samt utformningen och användandet av skogsbruksplanen.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
-
Opportunites for Integrated Landscape Planning : the Broker, the Arena, the Tool
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Landscape Online. - 1865-1542. ; 55, s. 1-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an integrated social and ecological system, the forest landscape includes multiple values. The need for a landscape approach in land use planning is being increasingly advocated in research, policy and practice. This paper explores how institutional conditions in the forest policy and management sector can be developed to meet demands for a multifunctional landscape perspective. Departing from obstacles recognised in collaborative planning literature, we build an analytical framework which is operationalised in a Swedish context at municipal level. Our case illustrating this is Vilhelmina Model Forest, where actual barriers and opportunities for a multiple-value landscape approach are identified through 32 semi-structured interviews displaying stakeholders’ views on forest values, ownership rights and willingness to consider multiple values, forest policy and management premises, and collaboration. As an opportunity to overcome the barriers, we suggest and discuss three key components by which an integrated landscape planning approach could be realized in forest management planning: the need for a landscape coordinator (broker), the need for a collaborative forum (arena), and the development of the existing forest management plan into an advanced multifunctional landscape plan (tool).
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Erlandsson, Emanuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring quality perception and satisfaction for wood harvesting services with a triad perspective
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Forest Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1494-2119 .- 1913-2220. ; 28, s. 18-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of harvesting operations strongly influences profitability and service satisfaction for both industries and wood suppliers. To assess different perspectives of satisfaction, this study explores quality perceptions of harvesting services using a multi-dimension approach, and suggests a tool for measuring satisfaction from a triad perspective. Values associated with services were identified by interviewing actors involved in triads linked to two forest owners associations (FOAs). FOA managers' and private forest owners' expectations and perceptions of performances by a sample of contractors in relation to these values were then separately measured using an adapted version of the Servqual questionnaire. Similarly, contractors' views of associated planning conditions were evaluated. Quality perceptions varied widely among respondents. The surveyed forest owners commonly determined performance in a subjective manner: many solely by visual impressions. Consequently, many contractors not performing well from a manager perspective still met forest owners' service expectations well, and thus were considered valuable assets by the FOAs from a wood sourcing perspective. The results also revealed differences in valued factors between thinning and final felling operations. The paper concludes with a suggested model to rank relationship success.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Ficko, Andrej, et al.
(författare)
-
European private forest owner typologies : a review of methods and use
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 99, s. 21-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing diversity of non-industrial private forest owners (PFOs) in Europe has been recognized by policy makers and the forestry sector at large. Typologies of these owners have been developed to provide an understanding of the diversity of owners' attitudes, values, beliefs, management objectives and behaviour. We analyzed PFO typologies from 28 European countries published from 1985 to 2015 in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature with respect to 1) research approaches and methods used; 2) typology objectives and problems addressed; 3) policy and management recommendations given. Using an on-line questionnaire we asked the first authors of the most relevant publications to retrospectively assess 4) the use of their typologies in education, science and forest policy. Most of the 66 publications reviewed share the common objective of providing a better understanding of forest ownership. Typologies were also developed to address roundwood mobilization, delivery of public goods, forest management approaches, involvement in PFO associations and entrepreneurship. The most common methodological approach was quantitative where owners were grouped by k-means clustering into 2 to 6 types and labelled with various names. Most frequently used labels were Multiobjective owners, Recreationists, Investors, Farmers, Indifferent owners, Conservationists, Multifunctional owners and Self-employed owners. Policy implications remain vague. The typologies had mostly been used in teaching and occasionally by politicians, civil servants or stake-holders. Only a half of the typologies had a follow-up study or was updated over time by the authors. After decades of classifying PFOs, it seems necessary to explore the link between typologies and forest owners' overt behaviour.
|
|
| 20. |
- Haeler, Elena, et al.
(författare)
-
Forest subsidy distribution in five European countries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest subsidies are widely used to achieve policy objectives aimed at maintaining and supporting the provision of the various ecosystem services provided by forests. In the European Union, an important instrument is the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) within the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), but countries also have national subsidy systems. In both cases, individual countries determine which objectives they want to achieve with the subsidy schemes and which measures are supported. In this comparative study, we investigate which forest-related measures are subsidized across Europe and which forest owners, representing a very heterogeneous group, are involved in the activities of the subsidy systems. We collected data on subsidies paid out for forest-related measures from Austria, Finland, Germany, Slovenia and Sweden from the EAFRD funding period 2014–2020 for a comparison of the funded activities. Further, we analysed how subsidies were distributed among private forest owners with forest holdings of different sizes by performing G-tests to compare the observed with the expected subsidies received by forest owners in the different size categories. The results show that through the flexibility given by the CAP for countries to adjust their subsidy programmes to the specific national needs, EAFRD funds and equivalent national subsidies are indeed used for a wide range of activities instead of only a few following one common European goal. Reflecting the different needs and various forest functions, the subsidized activities range from the more ecology-oriented "investment to increase resistance and the ecological value of forests" to the more management-oriented "purchase of new machinery and new equipment for forestry operations". In all five countries, small-scale forest owners with holdings smaller than 200 ha are the largest owner group and manage a large share of the forest area in private hands (from 47% in Austria to 97% in Slovenia). However, especially owners of the smallest holdings (< 20 ha) rarely use the funding scheme of the EAFRD framework and thus receive a disproportionately low share of subsidies. There might be several reasons for this. Small-scale forest owners are generally less involved regarding policy issues (including subsidy schemes) than owners of larger forest holdings and may not be aware of all funding opportunities. In addition, the considerable effort to apply, including project preparation, administration and documentation may be perceived as a barrier. It became clear that the current subsidy systems of the countries focus on different forest policy objectives. Our study further revealed that the documentation of subsidy distribution is partly unclear and inconsistent across countries hampering European comparisons. However, understanding current subsidy distribution is urgently needed for increasing the effectiveness of subsidy systems to achieve European policy goals of vital multifunctional forests.
|
|
| 21. |
- Hedblom, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Conclusions and recommendations
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Innovative tools to support cooperation among stakeholders in Baltic landscapes : a handbook. - 9789157693600 ; , s. 91-96
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 22. |
- Hedblom, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Similarities and dissimilarities in Nordic applied forest landscape planning systems Suggested data compilation and methods for integrated landscape planning in Vilhelmina MF, Helge river BL and Ilomantsi MF. Baltic Landscape.
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report illustrates existing planning tools, monitoring programs and data in each of three BL landscapes and what the barriers and possibilities are for end users to get knowledge of the data. The emphasis is on forest planning but also other limitations in planning connected to these landscapes. Each landscape are represented in one report that could be seen as separate descriptions of the present situation in that specific site. In conclusion, there are numerous data sources connected to land use existing in Sweden and Finland. The data is however scattered in different authorities or stakeholders or private companies and not merged into files that can provide a common view of the landscape perspective. These types of maps are needed when the landscape outside cities are to be planned for sustainable use and to create bridge between sectors, authorities and local people. Local users are not part of present knowledge of the maps, it is more for authorities and sectors and mainly expert driven. Freely available GIS maps are one solution to provide spatial planning and also integration between sectors. An online GIS tool can also allow the public to add data into the planning and by that be active parts of the spatial planning within their landscape which is also one of the main aims of the ratification of ELC. However, the host of such platform need to be trustworthy from botch sectors, authorities and stakeholders. To provide GIS as a landscape tool it is needed to be in close collaboration with the users and the GIS experts. Seemingly the possibilities and constraints in landscape planning seem to be very similar in these three BL sites. With that knowledge it is possible to also suggest changes to present sectors, authorities and stakeholder to better integrate their interests in the landscapes.
|
|
| 23. |
- Holmgren, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Biological diversity indicators: A comparison of Swedish forest commons and other forest ownership categories
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25, s. 61-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research indicates that natural resources managed in common, resembling traditional commons such as the Swedish forest commons, could be a type of regime with the potential to stimulate successfully sustainable use conditions. This is supported by findings regarding the characteristics of Swedish forest commons, their claimed concern for the environment and relatively high proportion of old forest in two out of three regions. Swedish environmental policy is directed towards environmental quality objectives and the Sustainable Forests objective states, among other things, that biological diversity must be maintained and enhanced. Swedish National Forest Inventory data for the period 2003-2006 were used to analyse differences between forest commons in northern Sweden and other ownership categories regarding the proportion of forestland with a large deciduous element, the proportion of forest older than 80 years with a large (> 25%) deciduous element, the volume of dead wood and the proportion of forest older than 140 years, parameters corresponding to the interim targets for enhanced biological diversity. The results show no consistent differences in indicator variables between the forest commons and other ownership categories, signifying that forests managed in common have been conducted in ways promoting biodiversity more effectively than in other ownership categories. Further studies of different ownership categories regarding driving forces and forest status are warranted.
|
|
| 24. |
- Holmgren, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish forest commons : A matter of governance?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 12:6, s. 423-431
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Around 100 years ago, when Crown land in the interior of northern Sweden was privatized, part of the forest land was set aside as forest commons. Today, there are 33 such forest commons jointly managed and owned in common mainly by private forest owners. The forest commons may be looked upon as a means by which the state controls the production of and returns from the forests belonging to small and less affluent forest owners. Further, an attempt has been made to use the forests as a tool to move the self-interests of these small forest owners closer to providing public goods. Forest commons thus hold a contested status, as private lands under public control and as a partly de-regulated form of ownership. This paper examines the extent to which forest commons are currently managed directly by the government, comparing this with the general trend in forest policy towards governance and less prescriptive measures, which often take account of market and participative goals. Building upon Appelstrand (2007), this paper describes the major policy instruments relevant for forest commons from 1861 to 2005. We conclude that direct government management remains dominant, with the major legislation pertaining to forest commons dating back to the 1950s. While governance may seem to be inherent in the forest commons concept, the development of governance has not been fully realised given the relatively strict government-steered framework.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Häggqvist, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Forest days as an educational method in Swedish family forestry
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25:Suppl. 9, s. 25-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish forest owners are a diverse group with regard to activity, education and experience of practical forestry. Urbanization and increased gender equality have also changed the composition of forest owners and their involvement in practical forestry work. Yet, many forest owners perform some kind of practical work on their property. The combination of dangerous work and untrained practitioners has led to a number of serious accidents. As a part of a larger safety campaign, a forest day for absentee forest owners living in the Stockholm area was carried out. Safety and safe working with chainsaws was a core message. To assess the immediate learning effect among different categories of forest owners, a questionnaire and a before-and-after test were used. The results show that those who knew less, female forest owners and non-chainsaw users, learned the most. The study also shows that the use of safety equipment is limited among absentee forest owners and that forest days and courses are important for their conception of safety. During the forest day, men were central experts and women appeared as servants, demonstrating the presence of a masculine hegemony. As the forest owners learned from each other it is important that professional communicators are seen to be the most reliable and trustworthy
|
|
| 27. |
- Häggqvist, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Look at what they do : a revised approach to communication strategy towards private forest owners
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 29:7, s. 697-706
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Private forest owners in Sweden and other countries are becoming an increasingly heterogeneous group as regards their experience and knowledge of forestry. Over the past decade, a number of studies have been conducted with the aim of describing different aspects of forest owners. However, little attention has been paid to the owners’ self-activity and how they learn. With the overall aim of exploring the relationship between self-activity and knowledge to use it as a starting point for new recommendations for planned communication towards forest owners, this study examines the extent and type of the work different categories of private forest owners perform, and from whom or where they learn. An analysis of data from a mail questionnaire and from the Database for Forest Owner Analysis showed that self-activity is common in all categories of owners but more frequent among male and resident forest owners. Forest owners have relatively few knowledge sources. Besides being self-taught, the most common ways of learning are from their fathers and from attending forest days. The study also shows a strong connection between self-activity and self-estimated knowledge of forestry. The recommendation for communication planning is therefore to use the extent and type of self-activity among different groups of forest owners as a point of departure for planning communication strategies.
|
|
| 28. |
- Häggström, Carola, et al.
(författare)
-
Profiles of forestry contractors and development of the forestry-contracting sector in Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 28, s. 395-404
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contractors perform the majority of forestry activities in Sweden, yet little is known about the development of their company structures and strategies. By analyzing data from the Swedish Forest Agency's yearly survey to forestry contractors for 20062009 and comparing the results with previous data for 19931998, we examined the current profiles of Swedish forestry contractors and their recent development. For 20062009, responses were received from 700 to 770 forestry contractors, corresponding to ca. 20% of the estimated total number of Swedish forestry contractors. In 2009, 60% of contractors were mainly performing logging activities, whereas 30% were mainly performing silvicultural activities. Between 1993 and 2009, the number of contractors increased by ca. 80%, while the number of forestry working contractors and their employees increased by 157%. These increases were mainly due to increased silvicultural activities. Although one-person enterprises still dominate among Swedish forestry contractors, most logging work is performed by small-sized enterprises, whereas most silviculture work is performed by large-sized enterprises. Our study suggests that there is an increased dependency upon contractors and forestry contractors have become more diversified, but still specialized, in the type of work they perform.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Ingemarson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
From the small woodland problem to ecosocial systems: the evolution of social research on small-scale forestry in Sweden and the USA
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25, s. 390-398
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review article deals with the evolution of academic small-scale forestry research in Sweden and the USA from its early focus on timber supply to present-day interest in stewardship objectives, characteristics and attitudes. Aiming at identifying fresh opportunities for research on small-scale forestry, it reflects on the questions that have dominated the literature over the past quarter of a century, the socioeconomic conditions under which those questions arose, and their influence on the evolution of the field. The goal was to explore key drivers for research over the past 25 years and identify emerging research themes, and by that provide insight into what developments may make the research enterprise more fruitful. With some exceptions, it is based on articles in refereed journals and to academic theses covering the time span 1985-2010. It reflects a reappraisal of the subject of the research and corresponding policies. Similar research tendencies are evident in both countries. Research historically focused on the practical problem of efficient production using a weak theoretical foundation. More recently, researchers have focused on understanding diverse motivations and roles that can be played. It is argued that the field of small-scale forestry research is ripe for new multidisciplinary approaches.
|
|
| 31. |
- Johansson, Johanna, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Can voluntary standards regulate forestry? : Assessing the environmental impacts of forest certification in Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 13:3, s. 191-198
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses the issue of to what extent forest certification schemes contribute to the enhancement of environmental protection in Swedish forestry. Our assessment is built on the analysis of three different data sets, namely: 1) the Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI), 2) the Swedish Database for Forest Owner Analysis, presenting data on small-scale forestry practices and certification, and 3) a follow-up mail survey addressed to private small-scale forest owners with certified forest properties. Our NFI analysis indicated some minor improvements in forest conditions, corresponding with the interim target for enhanced biological diversity (dead wood, broad-leaved trees and old forests). The improvements were less evident on large-scale forest properties (certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council scheme) than on small-scale private forest properties (mainly certified in accordance with the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes). This contradicts a common assumption that a much higher degree of certification with stricter environmental standards will give more evident positive impacts on environmental conditions. However, results from the follow-up survey showed that more harvesting activity had taken place on certified small-scale forest properties than on non-certified properties. This could mean more negative effects on biodiversity. We conclude by stressing the importance of improving quantitative methods for determining a cause-and-effect relationship between certification and nature protection; previous research tends to report rather far-reaching conclusions based on limited data sets.
|
|
| 32. |
- Johansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Conditioned openings and restraints : The meaning‐making of women professionals breaking into the male‐dominated sector of forestry
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 27:6, s. 927-943
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses how women forestry professionals articulate and interpret their experiences of being a woman and a professional in the male‐dominated context of forestry. The findings suggest that the entrance of women into forestry has created openings as well as restraints within the dominant discourses of forestry organizations. Gendered constructions of skills and a workplace culture described as built on homosocial values cause women to feel questioned and disadvantaged. At the same time, women are valued for their perceived capacity to perform relational‐based aspects of forestry work and as a means to reduce gender segregation. We conclude that while these openings are conditioned by discourses of gender differences and masculine privileges, they provide women, to some extent, with subjectivity and organizational space that, with time, may challenge the dominant and gendered discourses of forestry organizations.
|
|
| 33. |
- Johansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
The Discursive Resistance of Men to Gender-equality Interventions : Negotiating “Unjustness”and “Unnecessity”in Swedish Forestry
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Men and Masculinities. - : Sage Publications. - 1097-184X .- 1552-6828. ; 22:2, s. 177-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article adds to the understanding of men’s discursive resistance in relation to gender-equality interventions at work. Using Swedish men forestry professionals as the empirical base, the result shows how discursive resistance were performative acts, part of the construction of the same gender-equality interventions and organizational contexts that they were perceived to describe. In this case, direct opposition to gender equality provided a limited discursive position and sets of logics available in practice. Instead, the possibilities to renegotiate gender-equality interventions as unjust and unnecessary required, we conclude that the industry’s ambition to hire and promote more women was perceived to have led to the use of affirmative action and the disruption of meritocratic principles and that the problems of gender equality were placed in the traditional forestry and among “prejudiced old men,” as oppose to the more “modern” and “women friendly” forestry of today.
|
|
| 34. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Women forestry professionals meaning making of gender and gender equality
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we explore meaning makings of gender equality in forestry by drawing on a national survey of all women with an academic forestry education in Sweden. We analyse two open-ended questions concerning their experiences of being a woman in forestry and how gender equality in forestry could be improved. The aim is to investigate how these narratives construct norms and notions of "gender equality" in relation to forestry. We identify three dominant logics where gender equality is constructed: 1, in relation to women and concerning numerical representation. 2, as gendered power relations and organisational norms and culture. 3, as something distant from themself by emphasising that their position in the industry is motivated by competence rather than gender. While issues of gender equality has climbed the agenda of the men dominated Swedish forestry, little is known about how these initiatives are being received and understood among men and women working in forestry. On-going research on men forestry professional indicates that "being on of the lads" still constitutes a ticket into the masculine community of forestry, and by here focusing on women forestry professionals meaning making of gender and gender equality interventions at work, this study adds to critical studies of gender equality.
|
|
| 35. |
- Karltun, Linley Chiwona, et al.
(författare)
-
What is the evidence that gender affects access to and use of forest assets for food security? A systematic map protocol
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is increasing awareness of the importance of gender in natural resource management. Especially for communities dependent upon forests for their livelihoods, gender roles and relations can affect access to forest resources, income and food generating activities. As a consequence, gender mediated access to forest products may lead to different food security outcomes for women, men and children. Because gender is a cross-cutting issue of importance for many development, research and state institutions, this study examines the existing evidence base related to gendered access to forest products and food security in low to middle income countries. Hence, the primary question for this study is: what is the evidence that gender affects access to and use of forest assets for food security? The study will systematically map the evidence in order to get a comprehensive understanding of what evidence exists in terms of type of studies, geographical distribution, length of assessment periods, methodological approaches, and document outcomes related to food security as well as identify gaps for further research.Methods: This systematic map protocol describes the methodology that will be used to search, identify and describe the evidence on gender and access to and use of forest resources in low and middle-income countries. The searches will be conducted for the period from 1970 to 2015 using main bibliographic databases and grey literature sources. To identify relevant evidence, predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used to screen the title, abstracts and full text of the secured literature. This will be followed up with a study appraisal and data mapping process describing the methods and outcomes reported in the studies. The final output will be a simple descriptive statistical narrative report and an evidence map.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Keskitalo, Carina, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding the social context of monitoring
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Monitoring Biodiversity : Combining Environmental and Social Data. - 9781032015934 ; , s. 218-228
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The previous chapters discussed the complexity involved in developing and combining methods for monitoring; this chapter considers how to understand different aspects in a broader social perspective. The chapter discusses scale, level; and sectoral context in relation to decision processes, based on, for instance, legislative and policy drivers of land use and land ownership and other stakeholders. A crucial focus in the chapter is placed on the notion that the social context of monitoring often cannot be understood by only looking at the local level. Drawing on cases from different land systems, the chapter illustrates how higher levels play a role. Examples in text boxes are, for instance, drawn from the Swedish case, in which less than 20 high-level actors determine much of the national forest land use. To make sense of this context, the chapter goes on to introduce the variety of social sciences quantitative and qualitative approaches that can be used to gain an understanding of land use on different levels, including methods illustrated in later chapters.
|
|
| 38. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., et al.
(författare)
-
Is there a new European forest owner? : The institutional context
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Globalisation and change in forest ownership and forest use. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137571151 - 9781137571168 ; , s. 17-55
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes how the forest owner can be seen as differently constructed in different European countries depending on, amongst other things, whether it has been necessary to re-create the forest owner and forest ownership tradition following restitution, forest or agricultural traditions, and the historical role of the small-scale forest owner. Patterns of international and national policy change, the role of supporting infrastructure such as forest owner organisations, and patterns of inheritance have also been important in constructing the forest owner. In that, the chapter contextualises and clarifies much of the case focus in other chapters—it also clarifies how different forest systems, forest owner structures, and thereby potentially also the role of forest in rural development and rural studies may vary in different countries.
|
|
| 39. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding the multiple dynamics of the countryside - Examples from forest cases in northern Europe
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 78, s. 59-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rural literature has often been seen as expressing specific perceptions of the rural, largely based in an Anglo-Saxon conception of agricultural rural idyllic landscapes. Based on studies of forest ownership (in Sweden, but also comparatively), we suggest that an understanding of forest and forest ownership can illustrate the dynamic and shifting role of rural areas: as both rural and urban, based on both forest property and second-home ownership; that forest areas are not only post-production landscapes but continuously also production areas, in addition to many other use patterns; as areas of buzz and forest-related industrial and services growth, and thus rural growth; and that Sweden and more broadly Fennoscandia are areas with different habitation patterns and linkages between nature and population than what has often been described in the broader rural literature.
|
|
| 40. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding the social context of monitoring
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Monitoring biodiversity. - New York : Routledge. - 9781032015941 - 9781032015934 - 9781003179245 ; , s. 218-228
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Lidestav, Gun, et al.
(författare)
-
Does Forest certification make a difference? – An analysis of non-industrial private forestry in Sweden
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the footsteps of national and international environmental debates, and an increasing consumer pressure for sustainable wood and paper products, the Swedish forest land is increasingly becoming certified according to one or more of the schemes developed since early 1990ties. Almost 11 million ha, mainly in state and company owned forest land, are certified according to the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) standard. On non-industrial private forest (NIPF) land the competing Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes PEFC, now covering approximately 7.7 million ha certified forests. This paper focuses on NIPF; raising the questions of whom do certify their forest, and in what way this has influenced their management behavior. The forest owners were categorize with respect to forest certification or not, and female or male, self-active or not, resident or not within these two categories. Irrespective of the forest certification as an consequence of a special management behavior or not, an analysis was conducted to verify if forest owner of a certificated management units and not certificated management units respectively have any characteristic in common. Differences in degree of forest certification, with respect to the size of the management units, gender, self-active and resident, has also been analyzed. Silvicultural and cutting treatments performed on the management units have been categorized compared to forest certification or not. At the conference results regarding activities performed at the forest management units and the private forest owners attitude to forest certification or not will be performed, with respect to different categories of forest owners
|
|
| 45. |
- Lidestav, Gun
(författare)
-
Exploring land use conflicts arising from economic activities and their impacts on local communities in the European Arctic
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Land Use Science. - 1747-423X .- 1747-4248. ; 19, s. 186-210
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Arctic is commonly thought of as a pristine and homogeneous area. In reality, it is a diverse region experiencing growth relying on natural resource extraction. Despite local communities being primarily affected by industry activities, most socioeconomic impact assessments are conducted at the macro level. This study addresses this gap by examining the impacts of economic activities on local communities. Using secondary data and semi-structured interviews from 15 hubs in five European Arctic countries, the study draws on locally relevant insights. Findings indicate that many activities focus on economic growth, and existing strategies do not adequately address biophysical boundaries. Furthermore, alternative activities need to be developed in a more balanced manner that aligns with the needs of indigenous and local communities. Finally, participation of various actors in future developments is critical to reduce the negative impacts of industry activities.
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Lidestav, Gun, et al.
(författare)
-
Forest Certification as an Instrument for Improved Forest Management within Small-scale Forestry
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Small-Scale Forestry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1873-7617 .- 1873-7854. ; 10, s. 401-418
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since early 1990 ties, Swedish forest land is increasingly becoming certified. Today all major forest owners have joined the Swedish FSC-standard (Forest Stewardship Council), while small-scale forest owners preferably are joining the PEFC scheme (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification). With the overall aim of gaining a better insight into which small-scale forest owners that have decided to take up on forest certification, and how their forest management practices have been affected by this choice, two set of data has been analyzed; one consisting Data Base of Forest Owner Analysis (DBFOA) data relating to approximately 14,000 properties whereof 1955 were found to be certified, and the other one including data from a follow up questionnaire sent out only to owners with certified forest properties. Results show that certified and non-certified forest properties are managed differently and in particular that harvesting on certified properties has increased. Differences in management seem to be connected principally to the fact that forest owners from generally more active sub-groups embrace forest certification requirements. Moreover, our results shows that economic motives for joining a certification scheme are just as prevalent as environmental motives and a majority of forest owners regard certification as something that favors profitability rather than consider it to restrict economic yield.
|
|
| 48. |
- Lidestav, Gun
(författare)
-
Forest certification map of Europe
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Iforest. - : Italian Society of Sivilculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF). - 1971-7458. ; 11, s. 526-533
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests cover nearly 40% of European land, with different country percentage and patchy distribution. The European forestry sector highlights that forest areas have different ownership: private (by firms, individual, or organizations) and public (State, communities or municipalities). The number of forestry holdings, size of landholding, and ownership types influence and drive forest management, governance and various other socio-economic linked issues. Moreover, forest owners determine management objectives and policies which influence the application of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) practices. Several tools were developed to promote SFM, including forest certification. Numerous forest certification schemes are present across the world but the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) are those prevalent. However, a map of certified forests is lacking, although mapping would be essential to locate the percentage of forest that are certified to be sustainably managed. The study mapped forest certification across 43 European states, according to 499 FSC and 284 PEFC reports and assessed the proportion of certified forest area on public and private land and the rate of increase. This research was carried out collecting information on European certified forest companies/owners and locating geographically their forests at sub-national level (regions, NUTS 2). The database of the Joint COST Action FACESMAP/UNECE/FAO was an important data source. At European level, about six percent of the forest is certified under FSC scheme, while about seven percent under PEFC scheme. As forest certification is a useful tool to manage forests aiming at the integration of economic, ecological and social sustainability, the knowledge of the location and area of certified forest in Europe could be important in motivating decision makers to increase these sustainably managed areas.
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
