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- Larsby, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Disturbances of the vestibular system by toxic agents
- 1976
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Ingår i: 15. Scandinavian Congress of Physiology and Pharmacology, Århus 1976. - : Fysiologisk Institut, Aarhus Universitet. ; , s. 157-157
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Larsby, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Trichloroethylene on the human vestibulo-oculomotor system
- 1986
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 101:3-4, s. 193-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ten healthy volunteers were subjected to a vestibulo-oculomotor test battery before, during and 1 hour after trichloroethylene exposure. The concentration of trichloroethylene in in-spiratory air was 32–78 ppm (176429 mg/m3). The concentration of trichloroethylene in venous blood was followed throughout the experiment. The mean pulmonary uptake was estimated. Each test person was also subjected to a control experiment, breathing air free of trichloroethylene. A decreased ability to visually suppress the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex during sinusoidal stimulation was noticed during trichloroethylene exposure. One hour after exposure the test subjects showed a decreased maximum velocity of the voluntary saccade and a decreased ability to follow a sinusoidally moving target.
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- Liedgren, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Projection of thalamic neurons to cat primary vestibular cortical fields studied by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase
- 1976
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 24:3, s. 237-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two vestibular cortical projection areas in the anterior suprasylvian sulcus and post-cruciate dimple regions were defined by evoked potential technique in anaesthetized cats. The thalamic location of neurons with axon terminals in these fields was determined using the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. The ascending vestibular pathway appeared to be separated also at the thalamic level, where cells in the ventro-posterolateral nucleus were found to project to the post cruciate dimple and cells in the posterior nuclear group to the anterior suprasylvian vestibular cortical fields.
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| 11. |
- Rubin, Allan, et al.
(författare)
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Limb input to the cat vestibular nuclei
- 1979
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 87:1-2, s. 113-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The input from fore- and hindlimbs to the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) was investigated in awake cats. Electrical stimulus was given to the sciatic, radial and vestibular nerves bilaterally and single unit responses were recorded in the VNC with extracellular technique. The position of the microelectrode was histologically confirmed. All four major vestibular nuclei received fore- as well as hindlimb input. Forty per cent of the neurons with limb input also received vestibular afferents. No major distinguishing features appeared between the different nuclei with regard to response characteristics. Certain differences in laterality of response, quantitative fore-hindlimb ratio and somatosensory-labyrinthine convergence were observed however. Response latencies to sciatic and radial nerve stimuli always exceeded a 3 msec and were grouped around 8 and 16 msec. A third population of vestibular neurons had latencies over 20 msec. Both excitatory and inhibitory responses were recorded, with the latter not always following an activation. The findings illustrate the complex nature of the ascending pathway to the VNC and the integrative properties of this complex.
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- Tham, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Electronystagmographic findings in rats exposed to styrene or toluene
- 1982
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 93, s. 107-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previously described experimental model for studying the effect of industrial solvents in the vestibular system of rabbits has been applied to rats. To achieve a constant concentration, the solvent was infused intravenously, dissolved in a lipid emulsion. Arterial blood levels were estimated by gas chromatography. The vestibulo-oculomotor behaviour of rats during repeated rotatory acceleration was investigated by electronystagmography. The effect of two solvents-toluene and styrene-on the rotatory induced nystagmus was examined. Both solvents caused an exaggerated reaction at arterial blood levels above 75 ppm. The investigation indicated that the rat will be suitable species for further electronystagmographic investigation of the influence of organic solvents on the vestibular system, for example in screening studies of the toxicity of these solvents.
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- Ödkvist, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Vestibular and oculomotor disturbances caused by industrial solvents
- 1980
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Ingår i: Journal of Otolaryngology. - 0381-6605. ; 9:1, s. 53-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrocarbon solvents, xylene, styrene, methylchloroform, and trichlorethylene, given intravenously to rabbits produce a positional nystagmus. Due to their additional influence on rotatory nystagmus, one may conclude that their mode of action takes place in the central nervous system. Optokinetic (OKN) responses in rabbits, cats, and humans were also influenced by styrene. OKN responses have not yet been tested for the other solvents. A comparison is made with the effects of alpha-chloralose and the GABA-antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin which produced similar disturbances. The GABA agonist, baclofen, prevents positional induced styrene nystagmus. It seems likely therefore that the solvents may act by blocking the cerebellar inhibition of vestibulo-oculomotor reflexes. Solvents given simultaneously in some combinations are either
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| 20. |
- Ödkvist, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Vestibular and somatosensory inflow to the vestibular projection area in the post cruciate dimple region of the gat cerebral cortex
- 1975
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 22:2, s. 185-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In anesthetized cats 251 cells within the cortical vestibular projection area, adjacent to the post-cruciate dimple, were analyzed as to their input characteristics employing extracellular recording techniques. The post cruciate dimple vestibular field, which is located in area 3a, has a high degree of convergence between vestibular and peripheral somatosensory input. The latter is not restricted to muscle afferents but includes cutaneous modalities. The functional significance of this vestibular cortical projection field is discussed.
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| 21. |
- Ödkvist, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Vestibulo-oculomotor disturbances in humans exposed to styrene
- 1982
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 94:1-6, s. 487-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several reports indicate that disturbances of the vestibulo-oculomotor ability are a manifestation of the toxic action on the central nervous system exerted by some industrial solvents. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the vestibulo-oculomotor system during exposure to styrene, which is extensively used in the production of plastics. Healthy volunteers were exposed to styrene for one hour. Rotatory and optokinetic nystagmus, visual suppression as well as speed, latency and accuracy of saccades were tested before, during, and one hour after the exposure. The pulmonary uptake and the blood level of the solvent were continuously analysed by gas chromatography. The styrene blood concentration was equivalent to that which may well be reached after several hours of hard work in an industrial environment with a concentration of styrene within permitted limits. No spontaneous nystagmus appeared. The rotatory and optokinetic nystagmus was not influenced by styrene. However, the speed of the saccade was significantly enhanced. The visual suppression was disturbed, shown by an increased gain after styrene exposure. The experiments thus indicate that styrene given to healthy test persons induced disturbances, thus consistent with the theory that some organic solvents block the cerebellar inhibition of the vestibulo-oculomotor system.
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- Öhrn, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Reporting of Sentinel Events in Swedish Hospitals: A Comparison of Severe Adverse Events Reported by Patients and Providers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety. - 1553-7250 .- 1938-131X. ; 37:11, s. 495-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mandatory and voluntary reporting of adverse events is common in health care organizations but a more accurate understanding of the extent of patient injury may be obtained if additional sources are used. Patients in Sweden may file a claim for economic compensation from the national insurance system if they believe they have sustained an injury. The extent and pattern of reporting of serious adverse events in a mandatory national reporting system was compared with the reporting of adverse events on the basis of patient claims. Methods: Regional sentinel event reports were compared with malpractice claims data between 1996 and 2003. A sample consisting of 113 patients with deaths or serious injuries was selected from the malpractice claims data source. The medical records of these patients were reviewed by three chief medical officers. Results: Of the deaths or injuries associated with the 113 patients—25 deaths, 37 with more than 30% disability, and 51 with 16%-30% disability—23 (20%) had been reported by chief medical officers to the National Board of Health and Welfare as sentinel events. Most adverse events were found in orthopedic surgery, and orthopedic injuries had more serious consequences. None of the patient injuries caused by infections were reported as sentinel events. Individual errors were more frequent in cases reported as sentinel events. Conclusions: Adverse events causing severe harm are underreported to a great extent in Sweden despite the existence of a mandatory reporting system; physicians often consider them to be complications. Health care organizations should consider using a portfolio of tools—including incident reporting, medical record review, and analysis of patient claims—to gain a comprehensive picture of adverse events.
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