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- Alm, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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The Value of Spatial Cues in 3D Air Traffic Displays
- 2007
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Ingår i: The International journal of aviation psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1050-8414 .- 1532-7108. ; 17:2, s. 109-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interest in implementing 3D pictorial displays for traffic information in aircraft has been prevalent for decades without any obvious implementation in the cockpit. Our research is focused on design issues for these displays. The purpose of the experiments discussed here was to investigate where and when additional spatial cues, e.g., drop-lines, could contribute to better performance and whether such additions could replace shifts between 2D and 3D presentation for different tasks. Our results show that drop-lines are beneficial in focused attention tasks but are not necessarily beneficial in more integrated tasks. This speaks to the need for an adaptive approach to the presentation of flight situation displays.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Lif, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Information Elements in a Cyber Incident Report
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 5th IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops, Euro S and PW 2020. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 17-26
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analyst's main task within cyber security is to monitor, analyze, and decide on appropriate remedies for detected attacks. Analysts should ideally produce incident reports for record keeping and traceability, but also for enabling information sharing. This paper investigates which information elements that need to be included in an incident report to support incident management in a time-critical and high mental workload situation. Background information on existing reporting templates were drawn from the literature. Five different templates, a data exchange format, as well as two cyber situational awareness frameworks were analyzed. Then a novel reporting template from the military domain was scrutinized during a live cyber defense exercise. The results show that the information elements in the various existing templates differ, probably due to the different areas of use. The proposed military template was found to be useful to a high degree, even for incident reporting in the civilian sector. The new template can be improved by introducing additional fields, such as, e.g. descriptions of victims, attackers and assessments of attackers' motives.
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| 4. |
- Lif, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Relative Height in 3D Aircraft Displays
- 2004
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Ingår i: Human Performance, Situation Awareness and Automation, HPSAAII, Volume II,2004. - Daytona Beach, Florida, USA : Erlbaum. ; , s. 159-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our work is motivated by three considerations. First, relative height is a key factor in aviation safety, not least from the pilot´s perspective. Second, in a series of experiments on 3D air-traffic displays we have shown the benefits of 3D presentation. In the experiment here we evaluate the utility of relative height in a 3D display. Third, our task is an example of a focused attention task. While there are findings suggesting that 3D displays are not suitable at all for focused tasks, our hypothesis was that this suitability may be dependent on the cues in the display design. To address these three points, three different cue alternatives were investigated in scenarios with own-ship and targets on a 3D pictorial air traffic display. We found that the addition of more elaborated cues (depth cues and height cues) significantly improved pilots´assessments of relative height. This means that more nuanced design guidelines coud be used.
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| 5. |
- Lif, Patrik
(författare)
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The Use of 2D and 3D Displays in Military Settings
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the possibilities of using 3D perspective displays in different military settings, and to illustrate the limitations of 3D displays, that is, when 2D displays are to be preferred. More specifically, this thesis explores (a) readability during vibrations, (b) perception aspects on perspective aircraft displays, and (c) the value of spatial cues in 3D air traffic displays in military settings. The results show, for example, that vertical vibrations influence recognition performance negatively. The recognition of 2D and 3D symbols, as well as judgment of relations between symbols on a 3D display, may indeed be an arduous task. Results, further, indicate improved performance for relation judgments between objects in 3D space in dynamic rather than static scenarios in tactical indicators. In situations where perception of a direction nevertheless is problematic, enhancements like, for example, drop-lines may improve performance. From a practical point of view the goal has been to investigate the possibility to develop and use a 3D perspective display in an airplane like JAS 39 Gripen. A general conclusion is that 3D displays indeed can be used in many situations but it is important to seriously consider any possible limitations of 3D displays. The future work should be focused on implementing and testing the tactical display in a real setting with real military pilots.
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