| 1. |
- Abate, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Smart meters and water leakage detection : A preliminary study
- 2019
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Ingår i: I2MTC 2019 Proceedings. - 9781538634608
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper deals with water leakage beyond the meter at household level. The automatic leakage detection is emerging as priority task for scientists and technicians. Each possible solution must include the use of smart meters for the continuous survey of domestic water consumption. Water smart meters aren't widespread yet, and the few either are prototypes or exhibit not adequate battery and communication performance. The authors, participants to the EMPIR 17IND13 Metrowamet project, propose an embedded system that can work with different water sensors, whose characteristics have been suitably designed for respecting stringent requirements of energy efficiency, computational burden and wireless transmission capability.
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| 2. |
- Adamopoulou, Marianthi, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Cardiac Auscultation Signal Quality by using 4-Channel Stethoscope Array
- 2024
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Ingår i: Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9798350380903
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In cardiac auscultation, the ability to clearly hear any existing murmur sounds in heart sounds is crucial for proper diagnosis. This work aims to improve heart sound by the use of a stethoscope array and beamforming technique. The stethoscope array comprises four piezo elements for measurement, placed on the edges of a 40mm by 40mm rectangle. The directionality of the piezo elements reduces the effect of ambient noise in the measurement. The signal amelioration is achieved by isolating the systole and diastole sounds, and independently applying the delay-and-sum beamforming. This thereby makes any existing murmur sounds in the systole and/or diastole more audible and clearer to aid diagnosis. Finally, the designed stethoscope array and signal processing shows a gain of up to 33% for measured healthy heart samples, and up to 63% increase in murmur sound gain for measured sample with medically confirmed murmur.
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| 3. |
- Betta, G., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of 3D Image-Based Biometric Systems in Dynamic Acquisition Conditions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728195391
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper focuses on the analysis of biometric measurements in dynamic acquisition conditions and their impact on the reliability of the recognition judgments. To this aim, a suitable simulator of stereoscopic systems has been designed and realized. It relies on a fully simulated procedure based on the following steps: (i) generation of a set of realistic 3D face models through a proper face simulator software; (ii) definition of an arbitrary trajectory for the face models and stereo images to simulate a set of images acquired in different poses (positions and orientations) of the subject during the movement; (iii) addition of selectable levels of motion blur in a controlled environment, to simulate critical acquisition conditions. This procedure allows ensuring that the recognition results are not due to the natural change of expression of real faces or an imperfect image acquisition device. Moreover, every face model is moved exactly with the same trajectory in front of the stereoscopic system, allowing compare the recognition performances all along the trajectory, also in controlled and under repeatable blur levels. A face biometrics procedure, based on a popular recognition algorithm, is then run on the generated images and the recognition performances are analyzed in detail. The achieved results demonstrated how the motion blur and also the slight differences between the acquired images and the reference ones significantly affect the performance in the recognition of such kinds of systems, thus confirming the usefulness of the proposed simulator. © 2021 IEEE.
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| 4. |
- Betta, Giovanni, et al.
(författare)
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Metrological characterization of 3D biometric face recognition systems in actual operating conditions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta IMEKO. - : IMEKO International Measurement Confederation. - 2221-870X .- 2221-870X. ; 6:1, s. 33-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, face recognition systems are going to widespread in many fields of application, from automatic user login for financial activities and access to restricted areas, to surveillance for improving security in airports and railway stations, to cite a few.In such scenarios, the architectures based on stereo vision and 3D reconstruction of the face are going to assume a predominant role because they can generally assure a better reliability than solutions based on a single camera (which make use of a single image instead of a couple of images). To realize such systems, different architectures can be considered by varying the positioning of the pair of cameras with respect to the face of the subject to be identified, as well as both kind and resolution of camera considered. These parameters can affect the correct decision rate of the system in classifying the input face, especially in presence of image uncertainty.In this paper, several 3D architectures differing in camera specifications and geometrical positioning of the camera pair (with respect to the input face) are realized and compared. The detection of facial features in the images is made by adopting a popular method based on the Active Appearance Model (AAM) algorithm. 3D position of facial features is then obtained by means of stereo triangulation. The performance of the realized systems has been compared in terms of sensitivity to the quantities of influence and related uncertainty, and of typical indexes for the analysis of classification systems. Main results of such comparison show that the best performance can be reached by reducing the distance between cameras and subject to be identified and by minimizing the horizontal angle between the plane containing the camera pair axis and the face to be identified.
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| 5. |
- Betta, Giovanni, et al.
(författare)
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Performance Evaluation of Face Classification Systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advanced Computer and Communication Engineering Technology. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319245829 ; , s. 265-277
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper face classification systems based on 3D images are compared in terms of classification and metrological performance in presence of image uncertainty. In previous papers the authors proposed a new approach to classification and recognition problems. It is based on the evaluation of the image uncertainty and on the exploitation of such information to provide the confidence level of classification results. Such approach is here adopted for comparing several 3D architectures, different for camera specifications and geometrical positioning, with the aims of quantifying their performance from a metrological point of view and of identifying the configuration able to optimize the result reliability.
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| 6. |
- Brugés Martelo, Javier Mauricio, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional scanning electron microscopy used as a profilometer for the surface characterization of polyethylene-coated paperboard
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 36:2, s. 276-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In food packaging, low-density polyethylene (PE) coating is applied to paperboards to act as a functional barrier and to provide the smoothness required to enhance printability. These characteristics are related to the material’s surface roughness, the parameter monitored during the manufacturing process. Measurement of surface roughness using optical profilometry has gained importance in the paper industry. The optical instruments used to measure surface roughness are limited spatially by the relationship with the light wavelength at which they operate. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is an alternative for overcoming the spatial resolution limitation, and the use of stereo-photogrammetry on SEM images can be seen as an alternative profilometry technique to measure surface roughness. In this investigation, the surface topography of industrially manufactured high-quality PE-coated paperboard was studied, comparing the SEM stereo-photogrammetry technique with a reference profilometry method, i. e., chromatic confocal microscopy (CCM). We found close agreement between the calculated surface roughness and the results of the techniques used and compared them according to the new ISO 25178 Geometric Product Specifications. We concluded that SEM stereo-photogrammetry provides comparable accurate alternative profilometry method for characterizing the surface roughness of PE-coated paperboard in the micrometer scale.
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| 7. |
- Cacciapuoti, S., et al.
(författare)
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A measurement software for professional training in early detection of melanoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software systems have been long introduced as support to the early detection of melanoma through the automatic analysis of suspicious skin lesions. Nevertheless, their behavior is not yet similar to the performance exhibited by expert dermatologists in terms of diagnostic accuracy. Instead, a software system should be adopted by non-experienced dermatologists in order to improve the measurement and detection results for skin atypical patterns and the accuracy of the corresponding second opinion. This paper describes an image-based measurement and classification system able to score pigmented skin lesions according to the Seven-Point Check-list diagnostic method. Focus is devoted to the measurement procedure of biological structures more closely related to the atypical character of the nevus. Moreover, the performances of the measurement system are evaluated by considering the support to dermatologists with different experiences during the clinical activity. © 2020 by the authors.
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| 8. |
- Caro, D. D., et al.
(författare)
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A low-cost device for beer color measurement
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). - 9781728136110 ; , s. 222-226
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Color is an important quality parameter in the beer production. It is usually measured by means of a spectrophotometric method that has been adopted as an international standard by the main brewers associations in the world. The instruments based on this method are always present in the quality laboratory of the industrial breweries, but their cost is often not affordable for the microbreweries that need inexpensive solutions to evaluate the quality parameters of their processes and products. In this work, a low-cost spectrophotometer for the measurement of the color of beer, based on the European Brewery Convention (EBC) international method, is proposed. © 2019 IEEE.
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| 9. |
- Caro, D. Di, et al.
(författare)
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Hazelnut Oil Classification by NMR Techniques
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 66:5, s. 928-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been widely used in chemical analysis and medical diagnosis. In recent years, thanks to the development of the NMR instrumentation and the software for data analysis, it is becoming a useful tool for quality control in the food industry. In this field, several applications have been developed related to the compositional and structural analysis, authentication, packaging, and on-line monitoring. This paper highlights the capability of NMR to discern between the oil extracted from healthy and unhealthy hazelnuts, as a preliminary step toward the automatic detection of the hidden defects in full hazelnuts. Different processing techniques are analyzed on the CPMG response in order to set up the final measurement system.
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| 10. |
- Caro, D. Di, et al.
(författare)
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Using a SVD-based algorithm for T2 spectrum calculation in TD-NMR application to detect hidden defects in hazelnuts
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hazelnuts are widely used into the confectionary industry for their flavour and taste. Nondestructive techniques are required to detect the quality of the nuts in shell with the aim of avoiding putting a poor product into the market chain. In this work, Time Domain - NMR (TD-NMR) has been employed to detect hidden defects in hazelnuts in shell. In particular, the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) technique has been used to evaluate the transverse relaxation times, T2, for healthy and unhealthy hazelnuts, highlighting the differences between them. An index that takes in account the different time constants of the transverse relaxation curve has been defined to establish a classification method for the hazelnuts. The results of this work provide a basis for the development of a measurement system for inline inspection of hazelnuts in shell.
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| 11. |
- Carratú, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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A novel IVS procedure for handling Big Data with Artificial Neural Networks
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). - : IEEE. - 9781728144603
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent times, thanks to the availability of a large quantity of data coming from the industrial process, several techniques based on a data-driven approach could be developed. Between all the data-driven techniques, as Principle Component Regression, Support Vector Machines, Artificial Neural Networks, Neuro-Fuzzy Systems, and many others, the data on which they rely should be analyzed to find correlations and dependencies that could improve their design. For this reason, the Input variable Selection (IVS) process has become of great interest in the recent period. The classical IVS relies on classical statistics, as Pearson coefficients, able to discover linear dependencies among data; today, due to the significant amount of data available, the challenge of also discovering non-linear dependencies appears to be a necessary skill, mainly for the design and development of a neural network. This paper proposes the use of a novel statistical tool named Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) for developing an IVS procedure able to discover dependencies in a considerable dataset and guide the IVS designer to the selection of input variables in a data-driven application. As a case study, the procedure will be applied to a real application developed in the context of the Swedish forest industry, in order to choose the input variables of a neural network able to estimate the timber bundles volume, which represents an expensive parameter to measure in this context.
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| 12. |
- Carratù, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Correlation Estimation in Artificial Neural Network for Uncertainty Assessment
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9798350380903
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the main challenges in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is the development of reliable, valid, and reproducible systems. Prediction networks have had a disruptive impact, bringing numerous advantages in various fields, but for their common usage, it's necessary to quantify their quality. In particular, evaluating the uncertainty of the measurements obtained with these approaches allows their correct utilization. This work aims to analyze the covariances of the inputs of different neurons, particularly in those of the hidden layers of ANNs. Evaluating the covariance of the inputs of a single neuron finds primary use in the law of propagation of uncertainty, particularly for evaluating the correlation term in mathematical development, as defined by ISO GUM. Based on numerical evaluation, the proposed procedure aims to evaluate the PDFs of inputs to individual nodes and, therefore, the correlations among all inputs propagating within the network architecture.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Carratù, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Evaluation of a Soft Sensor for Snow Weight Measurement
- 2024
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Ingår i: Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9798350380903
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snow accumulations, especially if of great intensity, as is the case in northern countries, for example, can be very damaging, especially if they occur in urban environments. The damage provoked by snow is not only related to the weight of the accumulations, causing damage to structures but also to the pollution retained by the structure of the snowflakes. However, snow weight monitoring is a complex task, both because of the placement of the sensors and the specific operating ranges they must have in terms of operating temperature. These complications can be overcome by the design and use of a soft sensor, that is, a sensor capable of making indirect measurements from other parameters related to the measurement under consideration. This paper presents the design and metrological validation of a soft sensor for indirect weight measurement of snow accumulations. The designed soft sensor has been based on Artificial Neural Network and achieved, as a result, a Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of 114g and a maximum extended uncertainty, evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation, of 300g in a measurement range from 150g to 5200g.
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| 15. |
- Carratu, M., et al.
(författare)
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Image based similarity detection in mechanical registers
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728144603
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water leakage detection at the household level is going to become one of the most challenging goals in the fields of water metering and smart sensors. While sudden leakage seems to be easier to be noted, the small one is giving researchers a hard time. The main topic of this paper is the digital processing of mechanical register images to provide water flow rate metrics, which can allow small leakage detection. The register images are automatically gathered by an electronic add-on device, which is also featured with a short range antenna to communicate with a gateway. The image processing techniques and experimental test results are finally presented and discussed. The authors' research is funded by the European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET) within the European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research (EMPIR). © 2020 IEEE.
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| 16. |
- Dello Iacono, S., et al.
(författare)
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PH strip reader for beer samples based on image analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728187839 ; , s. 319-322
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The measurement of pH is widely used in a number of sectors and applications to evaluate the alkaline or acidic level of aqueous solutions. Among the measurement methods, pH strips are widespread and affordable, although they have a limited accuracy compared to the pH meters. In this work, a method to evaluate the pH value of a test strip, based on image analysis, is presented. The proposed method exploits the color analysis to simplify the use and to improve the nominal accuracy of the test strips. The tests have taken into account the typical pH range in the production of beer, but the method can be extended on the whole range of pH values. © 2020 IEEE.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Di Caro, D., et al.
(författare)
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Quality Assessment of the Inshell Hazelnuts Based on TD-NMR Analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 69:6, s. 3770-3779
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nondestructive testing is critical in the quality detection of products. Among several techniques, time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) is gaining attention in the field of food quality control, thanks to its ability to detect liquid and solid materials, which are strictly related to the quality of some kinds of products. In this article, a novel method for the inline quality evaluation of the inshell hazelnuts, based on TD-NMR analysis, is disclosed. Different studies have been carried out on the quality control of hazelnuts or, more in general, shell fruit. They usually focus on laboratory application and the analysis of a single physical property. Conversely, the proposed method focuses on the signal processing with the aim of reducing the execution time making the procedure suitable for an inline application. Moreover, the main hidden defects are analyzed together to identify the defective nuts from the good ones in a two-class classification procedure. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
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| 19. |
- Di Leo, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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A vision system for the online quality monitoring of industrial manufacturing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Optics and lasers in engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-8166 .- 1873-0302. ; 89, s. 162-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of an image based measurement system for the online inspection of electromechanical parts is described. A two-camera architecture is introduced in order to highlight all the required details involved in the measurements. The design takes into account both the interfacing and the real-time issues that assure an effective online operation. The description of the measurement system and the corresponding installation on the production line points out a methodological approach to the design of these kinds of measurement systems. The paper provides details about the algorithms for the localization and the measurement of the required quantities, as well as the calibration procedure and the error correction. Experimental tests for the performance evaluation are presented and discussed in terms of timing and accuracy.
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| 20. |
- Di Leo, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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I3DermoscopyApp: Hacking Melanoma thanks to IoT technologies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2017. - 9780998133102 ; , s. 3587-3596
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper introduces I3DermoscopyApp, a new declination of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, designed to allow the early detection of melanoma. Even though artificial intelligence programs cannot outperform the diagnostic accuracy of expert dermatologists yet, they reveal to be very useful in providing second opinions to physicians with short clinical experience, thus improving significantly their diagnostic performance. Following this trend, an original integration of mobile app technology and well-known image processing algorithms allows the automatic analysis of pigmented skin lesions to help physicians apply a diagnostic method (Seven Point Check List) based on dermoscopy. The web-based platform makes the physician able to: i) store digital images captured by smartphones featured with a dermatoscope; ii) measure morphological and chromatic parameters of the skin lesion; iii) make a diagnostic decision according to the Seven Point Checklist method. A detailed description of the adopted techniques, together with the first validation results are reported.
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| 21. |
- Di Leo, G., et al.
(författare)
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Smart Devices and Services for Smart City
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - 9780998133126
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citizen quality of life can be improved through facilities and services that have been thought to ease citizen interaction with municipal authorities, offices and structures. All technologies and devices, used for developing these facilities, are the pillars of the Smart City idea: a City that adapts itself, at least in part, to citizens’ needs. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) could become the backbone of all the smart city projects. Other public services can be loaded on AMI’s to be smart and thus helping to find the affordability of investments. The paper deals with this topic by describing devices and results of a pilot project, which has been carried out in an Italian middle city (Salerno), to experience the use of RF 169MHz wM-bus based AMI. Experimental results regarding a set of about 2500 installed devices for gas and water metering, car parking management and elder tele-assistance, will be reported in detail to show convenience and problems of this approach.
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| 22. |
- Di Leo, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Smart Meters in Smart Cities : An Application of DLMS-COSEM on 169 MHz WM-Bus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advanced Computer and Communication Engineering Technology. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319245829 ; , s. 735-746
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMI) are going to represent the backbone of all the Smart City projects where metering and other public services are supposed to be smart. The scenario proposed by OPEN METER project is taking shape in some urban areas where smart meters, concentrators and central access systems have been experiencing. In this paper some topics concerning the use of DLMS-COSEM (Device Language Message specification-Companion Specification for Energy Metering) protocol on a 169 MHz gateway network based on WM-bus for collecting and manage data coming from smart meters and other electronic devices are discussed by the authors. In particular, an innovative solution for water metering and the architecture of a data Central Access System, are described in detail.
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| 23. |
- Di Leo, G., et al.
(författare)
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Wireless Sensor Network in Smart City Pilots : The Case of Salerno in Italy (from 2015 to 2019)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Public Adm. Inf. Technol.. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 303-322
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citizen quality of life can be improved through facilities and services that must be thought to ease citizen interaction with municipal authorities, offices, and structures. Advanced metering infrastructures (AMIs) can be proposed as the backbone of smart city projects. The chapter deals with this topic by describing devices and results of a pilot project designed and carried out by the authors for experiencing the RF 169 MHz wM-Bus in AMI. The AMI was installed in Salerno, an Italian middle city of about 1,40,000 inhabitants and covering a land area of 58.96 km2. Five public services have been loaded on the AMI to help find the affordability of necessary investments: gas and water metering, car parking management, elder tele-assistance, and pollution measurements. The pilot project has involved the 1.5% of the citizens in 11 city districts. Results provided a great amount of data and information about reliability and efficiency of devices and networks and have been held into account by the authors of the national standard on the shared management of the 169 MHz frequency band (UNI CEI TS 11762:2019). These results let understand that in the next future solutions like those described in the chapter can become products and services available for all citizens. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 24. |
- Gallo, Vincenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Characterization of a Powered Wheelchair Autonomous Guidance System
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 24:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current technological revolution driven by advances in machine learning has motivated a wide range of applications aiming to improve our quality of life. Representative of such applications are autonomous and semiautonomous Powered Wheelchairs (PWs), where the focus is on providing a degree of autonomy to the wheelchair user as a matter of guidance and interaction with the environment. Based on these perspectives, the focus of the current research has been on the design of lightweight systems that provide the necessary accuracy in the navigation system while enabling an embedded implementation. This motivated us to develop a real-time measurement methodology that relies on a monocular RGB camera to detect the caregiver’s feet based on a deep learning method, followed by the distance measurement of the caregiver from the PW. An important contribution of this article is the metrological characterization of the proposed methodology in comparison with measurements made with dedicated depth cameras. Our results show that despite shifting from 3D imaging to 2D imaging, we can still obtain comparable metrological performances in distance estimation as compared with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) or even improved compared with stereo cameras. In particular, we obtained comparable instrument classes with LiDAR and stereo cameras, with measurement uncertainties within a magnitude of 10 cm. This is further complemented by the significant reduction in data volume and object detection complexity, thus facilitating its deployment, primarily due to the reduced complexity of initial calibration, positioning, and deployment compared with three-dimensional segmentation algorithms.
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| 25. |
- Iacono, S. D., et al.
(författare)
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Computational imaging for drill bit wear estimation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728195391
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerospace and automotive industries make more and more use of carbon fiber laminates. They offer high advantages in terms of mechanical performance but are difficult to work on and need precise and expensive tools. Drilling is the most common operation; drill bits must be accurately verified before use to avoid damages during the process. This paper proposes an optical inspection system for drill bits wearing estimation based on a custom-designed illumination device and a processing algorithm based on computational imaging. The elaboration of the computational image is used to measure the drill bit cutting profile. Drill bits have been worn on carbon fiber laminates, and a tool wear model has been extracted using the proposed system. The proposed method has been tested on both used and new drill bits, used in the aerospace industry. © 2021 IEEE.
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| 26. |
- Jiang, Meng, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor Silent Object Localization using Ambient Acoustic Noise Fingerprinting
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). - : IEEE. - 9781728144603
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor localization has been a popular research subject in recent years. Usually, object localization using sound involves devices on the objects, acquiring data from stationary sound sources, or by localizing the objects with external sensors when the object generates sounds. Indoor localization systems using microphones have traditionally also used systems with several microphones, setting the limitations on cost efficiency and required space for the systems. In this paper, the goal is to investigate whether it is possible for a stationary system to localize a silent object in a room, with only one microphone and ambient noise as information carrier. A subtraction method has been combined with a fingerprint technique, to define and distinguish the noise absorption characteristic of the silent object in the frequency domain for different object positions. The absorption characteristics of several positions of the object is taken as comparison references, serving as fingerprints of known positions for an object. With the experiment result, the tentative idea has been verified as feasible, and noise signal based lateral localization of silent objects can be achieved.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lay-Ekuakille, A., et al.
(författare)
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Medical image measurement and characterization : Extracting mechanical and thermal stresses for surgery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Metrology and Measurement Systems. - : Polska Akademia Nauk. - 0860-8229. ; 28:1, s. 3-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whatever the type of surgery related to inner organs, traditional or robotic, the contact with them during surgery is a key moment for pursuing the intervention. Contacts by means of surgery instruments namely scalpels, staples, clamps, graspers, etc. are decisive moments. False, and erroneous touching and manoeuvring of organs operated on can cause irreversible damage as regard morphological aspects (outer impact) and physiological aspects (inner impact). The topic is a great challenge in the effort to measure and characterize damages. In general, electrical instruments for surgery employ the following technologies: Ultrasound, radiofrequency (monopolar, and bipolar), and laser. They all result in thermal damages difficult to evaluate. The article proposes a method for a pre-screening of organ features during robotic surgery sessions by pointing out mechanical and thermal stresses. A dedicated modelling has been developed based on experimental activities during surgery session. The idea is to model tissue behaviour from real images to help surgeons to be aware of handling during surgery. This is the first step for generalization by considering the type of organ. The measurement acquisitions have been performed by means of an advanced external camera located over the surgery quadrant. The modelling and testing have been carried out on kidneys. The modelling, carried out through Comsol Multiphysics, is based on the bioheat approach. A further comparative technique has been implemented. It is based on computer vision for robotics. The findings of human tissue behavior exhibit reliable results. © 2021. The Author(s).
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| 29. |
- Lay-Ekuakille, A., et al.
(författare)
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SAR sensors measurements for environmental classification : Machine learning-based performances
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1094-6969 .- 1941-0123. ; 23:6, s. 23-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial intelligence, in particular a supervised and unsupervised machine learning approach, has been becoming an interest in the field of measurement and instrumentation. Many problems of classification can be faced by a machine learning approach. We know machine learning is a broad area of artificial intelligence that comprises some other lines of research and activities such as deep learning. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements by means of its sensors are of great interest in environmental monitoring, in particular in land classification. This paper presents findings related to measurements and characterization through land classification of an environmentally sensitive area in Italy over two different time periods in order to assess changing parameters. A deep learning algorithm has been designed and implemented, and a comparison has been established with a spectral density approach.
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| 30. |
- Leo, G. D., et al.
(författare)
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Accurate measurement of Kinetic Friction Coefficient by using two types of tribometer
- 2019
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Ingår i: I2MTC 2019 Proceedings. - 9781538634608
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribological tests are adopted to estimate the kinetic friction coefficient of the material of interest according to the ASTM standard. Typically, for the measurement process, several replicas as well as a post-processing data treatment are necessary to take into account the observed casual variability of the measurand. The paper describes a statistical approach for both Time and Frequency Domain analysis, aiming to highlight the most significant time intervals during each test replica. Experimental activity has been carried out by performing multiple tests through two different tribometers (ball-on-flat and ball-on-disk configurations) in order to verify the improvement allowed by the authors' proposal about the dry friction coefficient measurement in terms of both accuracy and reliability.
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| 31. |
- Liguori, Consolatina, et al.
(författare)
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A Commentary on the Role of Noise Measurement Uncertainty in the Industrial Context
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lect. Notes Mech. Eng.. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783030719555 ; , s. 324-331
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This commentary highlights the importance of uncertainty and estimation associated with the measurement of noise levels in the industrial field. As example evaluating noise workers’ exposure in a workplace has to take into account levels of uncertainty. The authors investigated the effect of the variability of the measurand with respect to the uncertainty of the measurement and proposed a novel data-driven sampling approach which consists of three phases. Firstly, because the reliability of the noise indicators assessment depends significantly on the temporal variability of the noise, a statistic procedure is proposed to locate a corresponding minimum number of sound pressure levels necessary for having statistical significance of the initial data set. Next, a numerical algorithm finds and deletes the anomalous values (outliers) from a population of real data. Finally, the inherent variability of uncertainty of acoustic noise is calculated using the normal bootstrap method. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 32. |
- Liguori, Consolatina, et al.
(författare)
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A Preliminary Study on the Estimation of the Uncertainty of Traffic Noise Measurements
- 2016
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Ingår i: Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings (I2MTC). - 9781467392204
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental acoustic noise is considered as a big risk for today's population health. Consequently, the regulations in many countries commit themselves to control the exposition of people, imposing limits to the noise level. In the comparison between the measured value and the threshold, the uncertainty of the measured value has to be taken into account. In this paper, a procedure for the evaluation of the uncertainty of traffic noise measurements due to the variability of the measurand is proposed. In particular, after possible outliers have been identified and removed, then the uncertainty is estimated on the `purified' signals by using the bootstrap-t method.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Liguori, Consolatina, et al.
(författare)
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Choosing Bootstrap Method for the Estimation of the Uncertainty of Traffic Noise Measurements
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 66:5, s. 869-878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental acoustic noise is considered as a big risk for today's population health. Consequently, the regulations in many countries commit themselves to control the exposition of people, imposing limits to the noise level. In the comparison between the measured value and the threshold, the uncertainty of the measured value has to be taken into account. In this paper, a procedure for the evaluation of the uncertainty of traffic noise measurements due to the variability of the measurand is proposed. A deep analysis of five bootstrap (normal, basic percentile, t-student, bias corrected percentile, and bias corrected and accelerated percentile) methods is performed to obtain accurate confidence intervals for the indicator Leq.Awithout necessity to make normal theory assumptions. From the comparison with the classical method (according to Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (ISO GUM)), the novel approach reveals to be more effective for estimating both the expected value and the uncertainty of the short-term equivalent sound pressure level when a large data set is not available.
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| 35. |
- Liguori, Consolatina, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of the minimum measurement time interval in acoustic noise
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Acoustics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-682X .- 1872-910X. ; 127, s. 126-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The appropriate choice of the minimum measurement time interval is introduced for an accurate estimation of environmental noise indicators. The proposal is based on a bootstrap approach for the continuous estimation of measurement uncertainty in order to determine the statistical variability of the acquired sound pressure levels. Experimental results concerning the adoption of the proposed method regarding environmental noise from three different sources (road traffic, outdoor air conditioner fan motor and construction site) confirm the reliability of the proposal and its feasibility in evaluating the equivalent sound pressure level of an acoustic phenomenon using short-term indicators.
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| 36. |
- Liguori, Consolatina, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of measurement time on acoustic noise uncertainty
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the paper the influence of the measurement time on the measurement uncertainty of environmental noise is explored. An original procedure based on a bootstrap method is introduced to determine the minimum measurement time, which takes into account the statistical variability of the acquired sound pressure levels. The experimental verification against real data about three different environmental noise sources shows the reliability of the algorithm for the prediction of the short-term noise indicator corresponding to longer time window.
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| 37. |
- Liguori, Consolatina, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative bootstrap approach for the estimation of minimum measurement time interval in road traffic noise evaluation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Measurement. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-2241 .- 1873-412X. ; 98, s. 237-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is observed that in order to characterize the environmental noise in a site, during diurnal reference time (6–22h) or nocturnal reference time (22–6h), relatively at preset time window, observation period, a single value of the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level LA,eq is used. This value is determined by integrating and averaging the squared A-weighted sound pressure of fluctuating noise during the measurement time interval, in which there are representative values of acoustic event pressure levels: so it is very important accurately to select the suitable integration time. Such matter are highly relevant to the area of measuring environmental noise and this paper aims to present a statistical method, for determining the minimum measurement time interval for an accurate estimation of LAeq. The proposed algorithm, based on CPER bootstrap method, has been experimentally verified with real data obtained from road traffic noise measurement and it showed a very good stability. The methodology is suitable for upgrading the level meter firmware in order to have the real time information on the measurand uncertainty estimation and on the minimum measurement time interval.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Liguori, Consolatina, et al.
(författare)
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Proposal for the automatic evaluation of workers' exposure to acoustic noise following task-based approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Measurement. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-2241 .- 1873-412X. ; 173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate measurement of exposure to noise in the workplace is important for employee health prevention as well as cost implications for employers. Standard ISO 9612 employs an engineering methodology for estimating noise exposure levels including levels of uncertainty. In this procedure some aspects are left to the discretion of the operator. Beginning with preliminary studies on the determination of the measurement intervals for evaluating workers' exposure to noise, this paper proposes an innovative approach to estimating work conditions for bus drivers. Measurement results are analysed and compared to the estimations based on both the ISO 9612 and the continuous acquisition analysis showing the feasibility of the proposal for accurately measuring the exposure to acoustic noise in a typical work situation.
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| 41. |
- Nie, Yali, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic Detection of Melanoma with Yolo Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB). - : IEEE. - 9781728126036
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past three years, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have achieved promising performance in detecting skin cancer. However, improving the accuracy and efficiency of the automatic detection of melanoma is still urgent due to the visual similarity of benign and malignant dermoscopy. There is also a need for fast and computationally effective systems for mobile applications targeting caregivers and homes. This paper presents the You Only Look Once (Yolo) algorithms, which are based on DCNNs applied to the detection of melanoma. The Yolo algorithms comprise YoloV1, YoloV2, and YoloV3, whose methodology first resets the input image size and then divides the image into several cells. According to the position of the detected object in the cell, the network will try to predict the bounding box of the object and the class confidence score. Our test results indicate that the mean average precision (mAP) of Yolo can exceed 0.82 with a training set of only 200 images, proving that this method has great advantages for detecting melanoma in lightweight system applications.
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| 42. |
- Pasha, Shahab, et al.
(författare)
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Two-stage artificial intelligence clinical decision support system for cardiovascular assessment using convolutional neural networks and decision trees
- 2020
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Ingår i: BIOSIGNALS 2020 - 13th International Conference on Bio-Inspired Systems and Signal Processing, Proceedings; Part of 13th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2020. - : SciTePress. - 9789897583988 ; , s. 199-205
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an artificial-intelligence–assisted screening system implemented to support medical cardiovascular examinations performed by doctors. The proposed system is a two-stage supervised classifier comprising a convolutional neural network for heart murmur detection and a decision tree for classifying vital signs. The classifiers are trained to prioritize higher-risk individuals for more time-efficient assessment. A feature selection approach is applied to maximize classification accuracy by using only the most significant vital signs correlated with heart issues. The results suggest that the trained convolutional neural network can learn and detect heart sound anomalies from the time-domain and frequency-domain signals without using any user-guided mathematical or statistical features. It is also concluded that the proposed two-stage approach improves diagnostic reliability and efficiency. Copyright © 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
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| 43. |
- Ruggiero, A., et al.
(författare)
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Accurate Measurement of Reciprocating Kinetic Friction Coefficient through Automatic Detection of the Running-In
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 69:5, s. 2398-2407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribological tests are adopted to estimate the kinetic friction coefficient (COF) of the material of interest according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. Typically, for the measurement process, several replicas, as well as a postprocessing data treatment, are necessary to take into account the observed casual variability of the measurand. This article describes a statistical approach aiming to highlight the running-in phase and the most significant time intervals during the steady-state for each test replica. A two-steps procedure based on the adoption of the bootstrap method allows the automatic detection of the running-in time interval and the outlier filtering of the steady-state. Experimental activity has been carried out by performing multiple tests through the ball-on-flat tribometer in order to verify the improvement allowed by the authors' proposal about the dry friction COF measurement in terms of both accuracy and repeatability. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
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| 44. |
- Shallari, Irida, et al.
(författare)
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Image Scaling Effects on Deep Learning Based Applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N). - : IEEE. - 9781665483629
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sophistication and high accuracy of Deep Neural Networks have gotten significant attention in recent years, with a wide range of applications making use of their capabilities. However, the deployment of such networks still faces limitations due to the high volume of data to be processed and the high computational requirements. In this article we focus on the effects that data volume reduction, due to image compression and scaling down the image resolution, will have on the detection accuracy for the design case of a powered wheelchair guidance system. Throughout our analysis we show that the reduction in image resolution to a factor of 16× in image area alongside with JPEG compression provides a detection accuracy of over 0.93 in mAP, while the additional error in the position estimation of the caregiver is less than 0.5 cm. By reducing the data volume we inherently reduce the communication energy consumption, which is reduced by more than one order of magnitude. These results prove that we can overcome the complexity of high data volume for the deployment of DNNs in resource constrained IoT applications by interlacing the effects of image compression and resolution reduction, maintaining the accuracy and reducing the node energy consumption.
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| 45. |
- Tran, Thanh, et al.
(författare)
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Separate Sound into STFT Frames to Eliminate Sound Noise Frames in Sound Classification
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sounds always contain acoustic noise and background noise that affects the accuracy of the sound classification system. Hence, suppression of noise in the sound can improve the robustness of the sound classification model. This paper investigated a sound separation technique that separates the input sound into many overlapped-content Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) frames. Our approach is different from the traditional STFT conversion method, which converts each sound into a single STFT image. Contradictory, separating the sound into many STFT frames improves model prediction accuracy by increasing variability in the data and therefore learning from that variability. These separated frames are saved as images and then labeled manually as clean and noisy frames which are then fed into transfer learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the classification task. The pre-trained CNN architectures that learn from these frames become robust against the noise. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is robust against noise and achieves 94.14% in terms of classifying 21 classes including 20 classes of sound events and a noisy class. An open-source repository of the proposed method and results is available at https://github.com/nhattruongpham/soundSepsound.
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| 46. |
- Ugwiri, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Spectral negentropy and kurtogram performance comparison for bearing fault diagnosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO). ; , s. 105-110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While investigating rotating faults in vibration signals, one of the typical symptoms is the presence of repetitive transients, which are characterized by impulsive and cyclostationarity signature. The approach quite popular nowadays in the industry for their detection is time-frequency techniques. Those techniques are mainly analysis tools as opposed to processing tools, and in any case, are unable to offer a versatile methodology that applies to all mechanical signals in all circumstances. The paper is motivated by ideas borrowed from thermodynamics, where transients are seen as departures from a state of equilibrium; it is proposed to measure the negentropy of the squared envelope (SE) and the squared envelope spectrum (SES) of the signal. The main objective of the work is to investigate connections in both negentropy and kurtogram approaches to capture the signature of this repetitive behavior. The methodology used in this paper proposes to display spectral negentropy as images. The impulsive events are then detected and localized in frequency by high values of the squared envelope spectrum (SES) infogram in some frequency bands. In order to analyze the signal in the frequency domain, the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) can then be used. The STFT is suggested in this study due to its simplicity and high flexibility. On the other hand, STFT is used for the analysis of kurtosis of temporal signals; this is well known as Kurtogram. For fault, such as bearings, Kurtogram was demonstrated to be efficient.
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