| 1. |
- Aaris-Sorensen, K, et al.
(författare)
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Late Pleistocene remains of giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus Blumenbach) in Scandinavia: chronology and environment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 1502-3885 .- 0300-9483. ; 33:1, s. 61-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents new data on the Late Pleistocene giant deer, Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach), describing its distribution in time and space, geographical and sexual variation and general biology. Twenty-three south Scandinavian fossils found in situ in lacustrine sediments or redeposited in glaciofluvial material form the basis of this investigation. Fourteen C-14 dates show that the giant deer inhabited southern Scandinavia in the ice-free late Middle Weichselian from c. 40000 to 28000 BP (the Sandnes Interstadial) and again in the Late Weichselian from c. 12000 to 10700 BP (Older Dryas, Allerod and early Younger Dryas Chronozones), corresponding to a calibrated range from c. 14300 to 12400 cal. yr BP. Osteometric analyses show that the Scandinavian giant deer belonged to the upper size range of the lateglacial Irish population and that a marked sexual dimorphism existed, the males being 10-11% larger than the females. Investigations furthermore point at an antler cycle similar to that among extant northern cervids, and subsequently at a rutting season in autumn. The skeletal remains also prove the occurrence of twin delivery and the possibility of reaching an ontogenetic age of at least 23 years. During both occurrences the Scandinavian giant deer population was part of the northernmost distribution of the species in Europe and the palaeogeographical settings and palaeoenvironmental conditions of the two periods show striking similarities. Clearly, the giant deer were able to colonize and survive in a landscape dominated by grasses and sedges with scattered shrubs and dwarf shrubs. They came as close as 200-250 km to the ice front and their distribution included coastal areas along a cold sea with drifting icebergs. They were present in the area at least from March until November. However, the pure arctic conditions created during the early phase of the Younger Dryas event led to a new local extinction around 10700 C-14 yr BP. This was the beginning of a total Eurasian extinction which, at least in Europe, was completed before the Pleistocene/Holocene transition.
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| 2. |
- Bennike, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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Dating of a muskox (Ovibos moschatus) skull fragment from Jamtland, Sweden: Middle Weichselian age
- 2014
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-0863 .- 1103-5897. ; 136:2, s. 406-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A radiocarbon age determination of a tundra muskox (Ovibos moschatus) skull fragment from Jamtland, central Sweden gave an age of 44 000 +/- 1500 C-14 years BP or c. 46-49 cal. ka, indicating that the species was a member of the Middle Weichselian fauna of Sweden. The age confirms that central Sweden was ice-free during parts of the Middle Weichselian, prior to the last glacial maximum, as shown by previous studies. The region was probably characterised by treeless arctic to subarctic tundra environments.
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Archaeo-faunal aspects of bog finds from Hassleberga, southern Scania, Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Recent studies in the Final Palaeolithic of the European plain. - 0107-2854. - 9788788415124 ; 39, s. 61-74
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, small bogs at Hassleberga in southwestern Scania have been turned into crayfish ponds after the removal of the organic sediments. Bones and antlers were noticed in the excavated material and have been systematically collected. The finds include reindeer of both sexes and of different ages. Bones of wild horse, elk, arctic hare and arctic fox were also identified. Radiometric dating shows that the bones from these species were accumulated in the small bogs during the period from late Allerod to late Younger Dryas. It is of special interest that modifications interpreted as being caused by humans have been identified on bones from reindeer and horse. In contrast, artefact finds from any Late Palaeolithic settlement appear to be limited. Among the finds there is a piece of worked reindeer antler. A small number of flint artefacts show the characteristics of Late Palaeolithic tools. The finds at Hassleberga might provide evidence for a very special type of kill site used during the winter. When the ice melted in spring, the remains sank down to the bottom of the kettle holes. The location of Hassleberga gives us a hint of the landscape and its use by man during the Late Palaeolithic.
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| 4. |
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| 7. |
- Magnell, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Hässleberga – a Late Palaeolithic kill site in Scania, Sweden, confirmed by analysis of bone modifications
- 1999
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Ingår i: Lund Archaeological Review. - 1401-2189. ; 1999, s. 5-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late glacial skeletal remains from mainly reindeer and wild horse, but also other species such as mountain hare, arctic fox and elk have been collected from kettle holes in Hässleberga, Scania. Bones from reindeer and wild horse have been radiocarbon dated to Allerød and Younger Dryas. Analysis of bone modifications has revealed several different actors and factors behind the accumulation of the skeletal remains. Marks caused by gnawing and chewing by rodents, ungulates and carnivores have been observed on skeletal remains from reindeer and wild horse. The frequent occurrence of carnivore tooth marks probably both represents predation by carnivores as well as scavenging of bone refuse. Modifications interpreted to be cut marks and marrow fracturing caused by humans have been observed on bones from reindeer and wild horse. Man-made modifications on radiocarbon dated reindeer bones indicate the presence of humans in Hässleberga during Allerød and Younger Dryas.
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| 8. |
- Sommer, Robert S., et al.
(författare)
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Range dynamics of the reindeer in Europe during the last 25,000 years
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1365-2699 .- 0305-0270. ; 41:2, s. 298-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To understand the role and significance of the reindeer, Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758), as a specific indicator in terms of late Quaternary biogeography and to determine the effects of global climate change on its range and local extinction dynamics at the end of the Ice Age. Location Late Pleistocene/early Holocene range of reindeer over all of central and western Europe, including southern Scandinavia and northern Iberia, but excluding Russia, Belarus and the Ukraine. Methods Radiocarbon-dated subfossil records of R. tarandus from both archaeological and natural deposits younger than 25,000 years were assembled in a database. The distribution area was divided into six representative regions. The C-14 dates were calibrated and plotted chronologically in maps in order to compare presence and absence and regional extinction patterns from one region to another. Results After the Last Glacial Maximum, R. tarandus disappeared from southeastern Central Europe but survived in the south-west until the Younger Dryas period. The 'Allerod warming' did not result in complete extirpation of reindeer in Central Europe. Reindeer probably disappeared c. 11,250 years ago in the North European Plain and c. 11,000 years ago in the British Isles. In southern Scandinavia the species survived until c. 10,300 years ago. Main conclusions The late Quaternary record for reindeer in Europe during the last 25 kyr shows a climate-driven dispersal and retreat in response to climate change, with regional variations. The collapse of the mammoth steppe biome did not lead to the local extinction in Europe, as in the case of other megafaunal species. Rangifer tarandus co-existed for about 3000 years during the Late Glacial and early Holocene with typical temperate species such as red deer and roe deer in non-analogue faunal communities. The regional extinction at the end of the Pleistocene coincides with the transition from light open birch/pine forests to pine/deciduous forests.
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| 9. |
- Sommer, Robert S., et al.
(författare)
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When the pond turtle followed the reindeer: effect of the last extreme global warming event on the timing of faunal change in Northern Europe
- 2011
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013. ; 17:6, s. 2049-2053
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faunal communities have been shaped in different ways by past climatic change. The impact of the termination of the last Glacial and the onset of the present (Holocene) Interglacial on large-scale faunal shifts, extinction dynamics and gene pools of species are of special interest in natural sciences. A general pattern of climate-triggered range expansion and local extinction of vertebrate species is known for Europe, and shows that in the modern temperate zone the main faunal change took place mainly during the Late Glacial (14 700-11 700 years ago) and Early Holocene (11 700-9 100 years ago). Based on large datasets of new radiocarbon data, we present precise temporal dynamics of climate-driven disappearance and appearance of reindeer and pond turtle in southern Sweden. These two species are significant climate indicators in Late Quaternary biostratigraphy. Our data reveal that the reindeer disappeared from southern Sweden ca. 10 300 years ago, whereas the pond turtle colonized the area ca. 9 860 years ago, with a 450-year gap between each species. This provides evidence for a sudden environmental turnover, causing the replacement of an arctic faunal element by a thermophilic species. The postglacial range dynamics of pond turtle and reindeer are a unique model case, allowing insights into the faunal turnover of other vertebrates during the last dramatic natural global warming event at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition.
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