| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Justice, A. E., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.
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| 4. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing processes in longitudinal multiple case studies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501. ; 41:2, s. 235-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses and suggests a methodological approach to capture processes in multiple case studies. While single case studies may address processes in an inductive or abductive manner, multiple case studies entail a stronger need for analytical frameworks and methodological tools developed ex ante in order to maintain focus on the same phenomena across cases and over time. This is, however, difficult to pursue in studies that focus on processes. The aim of the paper is to suggest an approach to longitudinal multiple case studies. We use an example of an on-going multiple case study aiming at capturing the processes of strategizing in terms of how the networking of start-up companies interplays with their ideas of future network positions. The paper concludes by suggesting the use of a combination of narratives and network drawings. Network drawings can be instrumental in capturing the past, the present and the future at different points in time for the individual cases. Based on these descriptions, change patterns and how these evolve can be analyzed and compared across cases and over time.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the roles of university spin-offs in business networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 59, s. 157-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper identifies different university spin-off (USO) roles related to resource interaction among business parties. It does so by mapping how USOs become part of business networks in terms of their roles relative to other parties. The theoretical frame of reference focuses on roles and resource interaction based on an industrial network approach to business markets. The empirical research is based on five cases of USOs representing a variety in terms of technology, degree of newness, sector, and area of application. As a result of the analysis, three different roles are identified: the USO as resource mediator, resource re-combiner and resource renewer. These roles reflect how USOs adapt resources to, or require changes among, business parties' resources. The paper also discusses the main resource interfaces associated with the three roles and related challenges. The paper contributes to previous research through illustrating USOs' roles relative to business parties from a resource interaction point of view, and by pointing to the establishment of new companies in business networks as a way of implementing innovation. Finally, the paper discusses the managerial implications of the research in terms of the USO's need to understand which role to take and how to develop it.
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| 7. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Start-ups repositioning in business networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurial Process and Social Networks: A Dynamic Perspective. - 9781785364884 ; , s. 113-126
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Strategizing as networking for a new venture
- 2012
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Ingår i: 22nd Nordic Workshop on Interorganisational Research, Trondheim, Norway, August 16-18.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ahmed, Sahil, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) Integration
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Nofoma Conference 2021.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Sales and operations planning (S&OP) is a tactical level planning process between the demand and supply as well as other functions in an organization. The aim of the paper is to identify and analyze interfaces in S&OP and to conceptualize and explore integration in those interfaces. Design/methodology/approach: The paper builds on literature on integration and its mechanisms in S&OP and adopts a qualitative and explorative research approach. Two companies with established S&OP processes were selected as cases and interviews were conducted with managers in positions having an overview of the process. Findings: Based on the analysis of the two case companies, eight different interfaces were identified in the two case companies. The interfaces were analysed with regard to which mechanisms used to reach integration. Coordination stands out as the most important mechanism, which is facilitated by process, organisation, and technology. Research limitations/implications: The paper starts to conceptualize S&OP integration at the interface level. Based on the case analysis of individual interfaces, initial understanding of how coordination, collaboration, and alignment results in integration was created. The paper ends by raising future research questions regarding S&OP integration. Practical implications: Managers involved in S&OP are involved daily in the interfaces. This paper add knowledge on which mechanisms to use to integrate interfaces. Original/value: Based on identifying a range of interfaces to be integrated in a well-functioning S&OP, this paper starts a discussion of the meaning of integration in S&OP in relation to individual interfaces as well as cross interfaces.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersen, Poul Houman, et al.
(författare)
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Process validation: Coping with three dilemmas in process-based single case research
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. - 0885-8624. ; 33:4, s. 539-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - Recent research suggests that the interest in process-based single-case studies is increasing in business-to-business (B2B) marketing. This paper aims to discuss research validity issues and dilemmas encountered by process-based single-case researchers in B2B marketing. Design/methodology/approach - This is a methodology paper that builds on an integration of experiences, ideas and literature. Findings - In the paper, three dilemmas are suggested that researchers need to deal with in process-based single-case research. These relate to the casing process: crafting the case, communicating the case and describing the process of the study. Furthermore, process validation is suggested as a research quality concept concerned with how these dilemmas are handled. Research limitations implications - Based on the notion of process validation, the authors provide suggestions for how casing, as a process-based single-case approach, can be conveyed and advanced in its own right. Practical implications - This study can be used to convey insights that can help new and experienced researchers in conducting single-case studies in B2B. Originality/value - Coping with issues of research quality in B2B marketing is of relevance to researchers dealing with process-based single-case research and process validation issues, as well as to journal reviewers evaluating the qualities of process-based single-case research.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bankvall, Lars, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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BUSINESS MODELS: CHANGE OF SCOPE AND SCOPE OF CHANGE
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IMP Conference in Atlanta. ; , s. 19-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on business models has grown in recent years following new Internet-based business opportunities. Over time, the suggested conceptualisations of business models have also become more general. In this paper we aim at scrutinising the business model literature in relation to the industrial network approach in order to (1) point at problems inherent in current conceptualisations, and (2) suggest a framework that supports analysis of change or development of business models in view of network embeddedness. When problems inherent in current conceptualisations are concerned we discuss three issues; (1) their focus on the firm as the main unit of analysis, (2) the mixing of theoretical assumptions, and (3) their static nature. Moreover, most current conceptualisations set the focus on the selling firm’s perspective and thus focus on making and selling but do not include buying and using. As a result, network level aspects of business models are rare.In contrast to firm-centred approaches suggested by other authors, we suggest a focus on the ‘offering’ as the focal element of business model analysis. We identify three categories of change with regard to offerings and suggest an approach to analyse the consequences of such changes in terms of emerging business models.
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| 20. |
- Bankvall, Lars, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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BUSINESS MODELS FOR TRUCKS
- 2013
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Ingår i: NOFOMA 2013. ; , s. 16-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The aim of the paper is to analyse alternative business models for trucks and the transport services that they render.Design/methodology/approach – The business model framework that we rely on is based on Mason and Spring (2011) and encompasses three related elements: market offering, technology and network architecture. The paper is mainly conceptual but draws on other, empirical, studies.Findings – We identify three types of market offerings: product based, combined and service based and discuss the principal business models that these offerings can be based on.Research limitations/implications (if applicable) – The paper contributes to the literature on business models for trucks and transport services by considering the various ways by which resources and activities can be divided among actors. The framework presented has a broader scope of application and is thus not limited to trucks and transport services.Practical implications – The paper provides possible implications for truck manufacturers, fleet owners, transport service providers and truck operators as a consequence of the alternative business models suggested.Social implications – New business models for trucks and transport services may change the conditions and incentives in ways that better tackle the environmental consequences of transport. Changing cost, risk and incentive structures, resource sharing and innovation are key aspects to consider in this regard.Originality/value – The paper opens up for new perspectives on the organising of activities and resources among the actors involved in transport.
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| 21. |
- Bankvall, Lars, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptualizing business models in industrial networks
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501. ; 60, s. 196-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is concerned with business model conceptualizations and outlines a framework for their analysis in industrial networks. A literature review suggests that there is a broad range of current conceptualizations of business models. Analyzing them as they pertain to interaction, business relationships, and industrial networks reveals two main explanations for their differences: first, they clearly rely on different basic theoretical assumptions, and second, they seem to address two types of business models. We refer to these as firm-centric and network-embedded business models. Based on this distinction, a scheme of analysis at the levels of the firm, relationship and network is suggested for the two types of business models. Business models are challenging from an analytical as well as managerial perspective. Further research on emerging network-embedded business models is suggested
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Deland, Lily, et al.
(författare)
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Novel TPR::ROS1 Fusion Gene Activates MAPK, PI3K and JAK/STAT Signaling in an Infant-type Pediatric Glioma.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Cancer genomics & proteomics. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 1109-6535 .- 1790-6245. ; 19:6, s. 711-726
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although fusion genes involving the proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1 are rare in pediatric glioma, targeted therapies with small inhibitors are increasingly being approved for histology-agnostic fusion-positive solid tumors.Here, we present a 16-month-old boy, with a brain tumor in the third ventricle. The patient underwent complete resection but relapsed two years after diagnosis and underwent a second operation. The tumor was initially classified as a low-grade glioma (WHO grade 2); however, methylation profiling suggested the newly WHO-recognized type: infant-type hemispheric glioma. To further refine the molecular background, and search for druggable targets, whole genome (WGS) and whole transcriptome (RNA-Seq) sequencing was performed.Concomitant WGS and RNA-Seq analysis revealed several segmental gains and losses resulting in complex structural rearrangements and fusion genes. Among the top-candidates was a novel TPR::ROS1 fusion, for which only the 3' end of ROS1 was expressed in tumor tissue, indicating that wild type ROS1 is not normally expressed in the tissue of origin. Functional analysis by Western blot on protein lysates from transiently transfected HEK293 cells showed the TPR::ROS1 fusion gene to activate the MAPK-, PI3K- and JAK/STAT- pathways through increased phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, STAT and S6. The downstream pathway activation was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue slides from the patient.We have mapped the activated oncogenic pathways of a novel ROS1-fusion gene and broadened the knowledge of the newly recognized infant-type glioma subtype. The finding facilitates suitable targeted therapies for the patient in case of relapse.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer derived physical activity and subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis : cross-sectional analyses in 22 703 middle-aged men and women in the SCAPIS study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim included investigation of the associations between sedentary (SED), low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids and the estimated difference in prevalence by theoretical reallocation of time in different PA behaviours.DESIGN: Cross-sectional.SETTING: Multisite study at university hospitals.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 22 670 participants without cardiovascular disease (51% women, 57.4 years, SD 4.3) from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study were included. SED, LIPA and MVPA were assessed by hip-worn accelerometer.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Any and significant subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CA), Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and carotid atherosclerosis (CarA) were derived from imaging data from coronary CT angiography and carotid ultrasound.RESULTS: High daily SED (>70% ≈10.5 hours/day) associated with a higher OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.91), for significant CA, and with lower OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95), for significant CarA. High LIPA (>55% ≈8 hours/day) associated with lower OR for significant CA 0.70 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96), and CACS, 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.97), but with higher OR for CarA 1.41 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.76). MVPA above reference level, >2% ≈20 min/day, associated with lower OR for significant CA (OR range 0.61-0.67), CACS (OR range 0.71-0.75) and CarA (OR range 0.72-0.79). Theoretical replacement of 30 min of SED into an equal amount of MVPA associated with lower OR for significant CA, especially in participants with high SED 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) or low MVPA 0.51 (0.36 to 0.73).CONCLUSIONS: MVPA was associated with a lower risk for significant atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids, while the association varied in strength and direction for SED and LIPA, respectively. If causal, clinical implications include avoiding high levels of daily SED and low levels of MVPA to reduce the risk of developing significant subclinical atherosclerosis.
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| 27. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer derived physical activity patterns in 27.890 middle‐aged adults : The SCAPIS cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 32:5, s. 866-880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aims to describe accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) patterns and fulfillment of PA recommendations in a large sample of middle-aged men and women, and to study differences between subgroups of socio-demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle-related variables. A total of 27 890 (92.5% of total participants, 52% women, aged 50–64 years) middle-aged men and women with at least four days of valid hip-worn accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X+, wGT3X+ and wGT3X-BT) from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study, SCAPIS, were included. In total, 54.5% of daily wear time was spent sedentary, 39.1% in low, 5.4% in moderate, and only 0.1% in vigorous PA. Male sex, higher education, low financial strain, born in Sweden, and sedentary/light working situation were related to higher sedentary time, but also higher levels of vigorous PA. High BMI and having multiple chronic diseases associated strongly with higher sedentary time and less time in all three PA intensities. All-year physically active commuters had an overall more active PA pattern. The proportion fulfilling current PA recommendations varied substantially (1.4% to 92.2%) depending on data handling procedures and definition used. Twenty-eight percent was defined as having an “at-risk” behavior, which included both high sedentary time and low vigorous PA. In this large population-based sample, a majority of time was spent sedentary and only a fraction in vigorous PA, with clinically important variations between subgroups. This study provides important reference material and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive assessment of all aspects of the individual PA pattern in future research and clinical practice.
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, Victor, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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CASE-BASED LEARNING IN COLLABORATION ACROSS UNIVERSITIES TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF SUSTAINABILITY
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International CDIO Conference. - 2002-1593. ; , s. 567-580
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focus on sustainability is increasing in engineering and management education, businesses, and the larger society. In order to cope with sustainability challenges, more holistic pedagogies and practices that foster interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary ways of thinking are needed. Thus, this exploratory paper aims to provide insights into developing a master’s-level course module on sustainability in business networks by using active learning through case-based teaching together with collaboration among three Nordic universities (NTNU, Vaasa, and Chalmers). The paper illustrates the multiple facets of designing, implementing, and evaluating three-party collaborative case-based learning based on an active learning approach that enhances students’ learning and performance. We conclude that the students are actively involved and learn better with case-based learning and can further empathize and associate with the case contexts. This can be achieved through engagement in cross-border collaboration, a mix of student backgrounds, flexibility in choosing cases, and clarity in case materials. Additionally, we encourage teachers to use a combination of innovative active learning methods to promote students’ in-depth understanding of complex sustainability-related challenges.
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| 29. |
- Ferreira, Carla, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the impact from digitalization on business relationships in welding manufacturing
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digitalization has a vast impact on industry in terms of firm strategies and business models (Jocevski, et al., 2020). The aim of the paper is to explore digitalization’s impact on a firm’s business relationships and networks, including both existing supplier and customer relationships and development of new ones. The content of current relationships is explored in terms of shared activities, resources and actor interaction. The paper is based on a case study of BETA, an industrial firm and manufacturer of welding equipment and consumables. BETA is currently developing and implementing digital technologies in their products and services. This digitalization journey does not only impact their internal process but also their business relationships. It might in turn lead to new business relationships. BETA is currently offering digital solutions to its customers, the so-called BETA Digital Solutions. Their prototype of the digital cloud platform was launched in 2018. Shortly after that, the commercialization started. By using cloud platform and IoT, BETA promises to its customers maximization of their welding productivity, quality consistence, downtime reduction, and real time information about energy and wire consumption. BETA has been working to expand its digital solutions portfolio and platform functionalities. Results of the paper regard learning points from the digitalization journey and describe the various practiced digitalized offerings and business models of BETA. The results build on the framework by Pagani & Pardo (2017) and preliminary include identification of key interfaces in business relationships in context of digitalization. As it is now and planning for next steps, on the customer side, BETA has been commercializing few digital solutions, while more advanced service offerings, with some with degrees of circularity, are still in the BETA’s roadmap and their business models are still under development. BETA’s plan is to implement a pilot/proof in a near future for these advanced service offerings and business models, in collaboration with customers. Regarding the supplier side, BETA sees the importance of supply chain management and works continuously with their current suppliers as well as develops contacts with new suppliers for digitalization solutions.
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| 30. |
- Ferreira, Carla, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Supplier interfaces in digital transformation: an exploratory case study of a manufacturing firm and IoT suppliers
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. - 0885-8624. ; 38:6, s. 1332-1344
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the interfaces between manufacturing companies and the Internet of Things (IoT) suppliers involved in their digital servitization. Design/methodology/approach: This paper builds on an explorative case study of a manufacturing firm and its IoT suppliers. This paper relies on the Industrial Network Approach to study interfaces between buying firms and their suppliers. Findings: This paper identifies three distinct types of supplier interfaces: connected, digital and digital-physical. They all contain technical resource interfaces with additional organizational and/or technical complexities that need to be managed. Connectivity, an Agile approach to software development and strong technical dependence emerged as key factors that impact the interactions between manufacturing firms and IoT suppliers and how their resources are combined. Practical implications: This paper offers managerial implications regarding the importance of internal organization (such as appropriate cross-functional teams) to manage the dynamics of collaborations required by digital technologies, maintain interactions with IoT suppliers and identify and manage interdependences between IoT suppliers. Building close relationships with suppliers of crucial infrastructure (e.g. IoT cloud platform and data security systems) can also be beneficial for manufacturing firms to reduce risks. Finally, attention should be given to IoT technology strategy, which impacts both digital and digital-physical supplier interfaces. Originality/value: In digital servitization, manufacturing firms are heavily reliant on external resources for IoT technology. Despite this, few studies have investigated the characteristics of their interfaces with IoT suppliers, how these can be managed and how resources are combined.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Göçer, Aysu, et al.
(författare)
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An ICT-based start-up entering maritime logistics networks: facilitation of value cocreation patterns
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. - 0885-8624. ; 38:13, s. 1-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study aims to explore how a start-up entering maritime logistics networks (MLNs) in the container shipping industry integrates resources underlying value cocreation patterns in these networks. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on a single case study of a technological start-up, providing tracking, tracing and other information services to MLN members using internet-based software. An interorganizational theory perspective informs the case study to unveil the resource integration for value cocreation in the network. Findings: The start-up holds multiple resource interaction roles and the start-up’s involvement enables the creation of new knowledge resources, which facilitate new revenue streams and manage resource dependencies. Hence, the findings indicate that the start-up changes value cocreation patterns in the network by reconfiguring and integrating existing resources so that the service is customized for various customers, including shippers and freight forwarders. Practical implications: The results provide insights about how technological start-ups can unlock resources within MLNs. Originality/value: The study extends previous studies on resource roles in business networks and shows how start-ups can perform multiple roles simultaneously within these networks. In addition, the study contributes to the literature by studying information and knowledge as resources configured in different ways in a unique network setting.
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| 34. |
- Hedvall, Klas, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing an activity in context: A case study of the conditions for vehicle maintenance
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501. ; 58, s. 69-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IMP approach is concerned with analysis of complex industrial networks. How to design case studies relying on these theoretical assumptions poses a challenge. In this paper we address this challenge by discussing a case study, focusing on the conditions for maintenance of heavy vehicles. The aim of the paper is to suggest an approach for analysis of embedded activities in industrial networks. The case study takes its starting point in the perspective of an actor considering how to develop vehicle maintenance services for its customers and points at the need to enable understanding of the conditions for vehicle maintenance, which necessitates identification and analysis of the variety across transport service settings. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Hedvall, Klas, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Variety in freight transport service procurement approaches
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 25, s. 806-823
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freight transport is featured by complexity owing to interdependences within supply networks. The aim of this paper is to explore the variety in freight transport service procurement approaches and how these impact on vehicle utilization. The paper relies empirically on a case study featuring different conditions for, and approaches to, transport services from the perspectives of buyers and suppliers of transport services. Three particular dimensions are identified; (1) the nature of the transport needs, (2) the buying firms share of and influence on the utilization of vehicles, and (3) the division of labor with regard to how the firms handle their needs for transport services. The paper concludes that the variety of transport service procurement approaches impacts heavily on the conditions for vehicle utilization.
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| 36. |
- Hedvall, Klas, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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VARIETY IN TRANSPORT SERVICE SETTINGS AND THE CONDITIONS FOR VEHICLE MAINTENANCE
- 2015
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the IMP Conference, Kolding, August 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freight transport is featured by complexity since it relies on the business networks in which the firms that buy transport services are involved. To understand the conditions for vehicle maintenance, the variety of transport service settings and how these link with business networks needs to be uncovered. The aim of this paper is to explore the variety in transport service settings and how these in different ways affect the conditions for vehicle operations and in particular; maintenance activities. The paper relies empirically on highlights from an on-going case study featuring different conditions for, and approaches to, transport services from the perspectives of buyers and suppliers of transport services. The study relates to recent studies of transport service procurement (Dubois and Hulthén 2013, Lammgård et al. 2013, Rogerson et al. 2013) and theoretical suggestions of triads as units of analysis consisting of buyers and suppliers of goods and of transport services (Andersson et al. 2014). Features in transport service settings with an impact on vehicle operations are identified in three dimensions; (1) the buying firm’s share of and influence on the utilisation of vehicles and vehicle fleets, (2) the division of labour with regard to the scope of coordination of vehicle operations, and (3) the nature of the transport needs.There are two kinds of implications suggested. First, there are managerial implications for how firms in the network plan for and perform vehicle maintenance depending on the demands on the uses of the trucks. Second, there are research implications suggesting further research on transport service procurement and how buying firms may tackle the complexities of their business networks on the one hand and of the transport service networks on the other. Both direct and indirect relationships between transport service buyers and vehicle operators require further scrutiny.
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| 37. |
- Laage-Hellman, Jens, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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5 R&D Collaboration and Start-ups
- 2017
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Ingår i: Starting up in business networks: Why relationships matter. - London : Palgrave Macmillan UK. - 9781137527141 ; , s. 139-170
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well known from previous studies that R&D collaboration is important to firms’ technological development, especially in business-to-business (B2B) markets. This includes empirical studies carried out in the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) tradition focusing on the role and importance of interaction, business relationships and industrial networks (e.g. Baraldi, 2003; Baraldi, Gressetvold, & Harrison, 2012; Gressetvold, 2004; Håkansson, 1987; Håkansson & Waluszewski, 2002, 2007; Laage-Hellman, 1997; Wedin, 2001) as well as other types of innovation studies (e.g. McKelvey, Zaring, & Ljungberg, 2015; Melander, 2014; von Hippel, 1988). Innovation thus tends to be the outcome of interaction processes between different types of actors including, for example, selling and buying firms.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Laage-Hellman, Jens, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Business creation in networks: How a technology-based start-up collaborates with customers in product development
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 70, s. 13-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with business creation in networks by setting the focus on how technology- based start-up companies collaborate with customers in product development. The aim is to analyze the pattern of customer collaboration by using the industrial network approach as theoretical point of departure. The method consists of a process-based single case study. The focal case is Oxeon, a Swedish rapidly growing university spin-off company commercializing a new technology for making carbon fiber composites. The development of products and applications has taken place in close collaboration with their customers. The paper addresses three research issues, which are related to the timing, mutuality and organizing of the collaboration. The analysis of the Oxeon case results in identification of five crucial aspects on the management of customer collaboration: (i) the need for involving customers early, (ii) the choice of application areas, (iii) the mutual process of choosing and getting chosen as collaboration partner, (iv) the external networking role of the start-up, and (v) the internal organizing of the start-up in relation to its ambitions for external interaction with customers. The results are summarized by formulating a set of propositions that can be taken as starting point for further research.
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| 40. |
- Laage-Hellman, Jens, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Customer Involvement in Product Development: An Industrial Network Perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing. - 1051-712X .- 1547-0628. ; 21:4, s. 257-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: In business markets, working with customers and users has become increasingly important to get knowledge about customer needs and to develop new products. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to develop a framework for analyzing customer involvement in product development in a business market context, and (2) to apply this framework to a particular company to describe and analyze how it practices customer involvement.Methodology/approach: The article takes its main theoretical starting point in the industrial network approach, but also uses other literature from the innovation and product development field. The empirical study applies a qualitative case study approach and focuses on one company in the truck business.Findings: The suggested framework deals with four key aspects of customer involvement: Why, when, how, and who. The observed pattern of the truck manufacturer shows how dealers, hauliers, and truck drivers are all part of the overall understanding of the customer. These actors are involved for different, typically very clear, purposes at different points in time through surveys, product clinics, and field testing. The pattern, referred to as mixed facilitative, is not one of close collaboration with individual customers, but one of broad involvement of several customers through business intelligence and direct involvement.Research implications: First, the article provides researchers with a framework and method for studying customer involvement in product development. Second, the case study provides an illustrative example of the customer involvement pattern pursued by a leading company in a major industry. This enhances the understanding of the focal phenomenon, leads to managerial implications, and gives ideas for future research.Practical implications: There are several managerial implications related to the why, when, how, and who questions. For example, it is pointed out that managers should consider involving customers more extensively than what seems to be common today-for example, by using customers as codevelopers, working with them throughout the entire development process (i.e., not only early and late), and including different types of users (with different requirements and wishes).Originality/value/contribution of the article: The contribution lies in the development of a framework centered on the four key questions of customer involvement in product development and using this framework for observing a pattern, and finding explanations and relating this pattern to how other firms are doing.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Laage-Hellman, Jens, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between university spin-offs and academia : a dynamic perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of business & industrial marketing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0885-8624 .- 2052-1189. ; 35:12, s. 1941-1955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the nature and dynamics of the interaction between university spin-offs (USOs) and academia.Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical framework is grounded in an interactive view based on the industrial marketing and purchasing literature on USOs and their development. The concepts of activity links, resource ties and actor bonds are used as a starting point for capturing the content and dynamics of the interaction. The empirical part of the paper consists of four case studies captured through interviews as the main data source and analysed to conclude how the interaction between the USO and academia developed over time.Findings: The study identifies a multi-faceted and dynamic content of the interaction. The paper discerns and discusses research and development links, knowledge and equipment ties and social, legal, financial and organizational bonds with inventors, other academic partners and innovation support organizations. The dynamics are manifested both through changes within individual relationships and by adding/ending relationships. One main conclusion regards the existence of wave-like patterns of interaction with academic partners driven by the USOs' needs and the establishment of customer relationships.Originality/value: Most of the previous research has described a linear process in which the USO leaves academia once the idea has been transferred to a company. This paper contrasts this view by developing and using an analytical framework to capture the dynamic and continuous interaction between USO and academia.
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| 44. |
- Laage-Hellman, Jens, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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The role of openness in collaborative innovation in industrial networks: historical and contemporary cases
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0885-8624 .- 2052-1189. ; 36:13, s. 116-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to explore the role and meaning of openness for the purpose of enhancing the understanding of collaborative innovation from an industrial network perspective. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical framework is based on the Industrial Network Approach, and the concepts of activity links, resource ties and actor bonds are used as a starting point for capturing the content and dynamics of the interaction. The empirical part consists of five case studies: two historical and three contemporary cases dealing with collaborative innovation projects. The cases are analyzed with regard to openness in business relationships and their connections in the network. Findings: The main contribution is a conceptualization of openness in business relationships and relationship connections. The paper describes various forms and contents of openness – and closeness. It is postulated that the concept of openness can be used as an analytical tool for digging deeper into relationship and network-related issues of relevance to firms’ behavior in the context of collaborative innovation. Openness, as it is defined in this paper, is also put forward as an explanation of why (or why not) collaborative innovation projects become successful. Originality/value: The conceptualization of openness differs from openness as it is commonly described in the open innovation literature. There, openness is the opposite of closeness, that is, a pattern where the innovation activities take place internally within the company. In this paper, openness, instead, has to do with how firms interact with other network actors in the context of collaborative innovation.
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| 45. |
- Landqvist, Maria, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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A start-up embedding in three business network settings: a matter of resource combining
- 2019
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 80, s. 160-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on how newly established technology-based start-up companies become part of the business landscape. In more detail, the aim of the paper is to analyse how a start-up becomes embedded through its networking behaviours in a business network. To approach this phenomenon, the theoretical frame of reference is based on the industrial network approach to industrial markets separating a developing, producing and using setting. The business network settings are combined with networking behaviours consisting of both strong and weak ties. Importantly, for a start-up to become embedded through networking, resources of the start-up need to be combined with resources in the three business network settings. The paper relies on a case study methodology focusing on a start-up, founded at a technical university in Sweden, and its networking behaviours. The paper concludes that networking behaviours relying on strong ties are crucial to resource combining. However, the analysis also shows the importance of networking behaviours of weak ties, acquiring information and interaction to sensing new opportunities. The paper ends with managerial implications for start-up managers, pinpointing the need to work with both strong and weak ties as a platform to eventually become embedded in business networks.
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| 46. |
- Landqvist, Maria, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring renewal, heaviness and variety in the Swedish energy system
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper the existing energy system will be analyzed as heavy resource structures with the aim to explore renewal in heavy resource structures. The energy system can be viewed as an industrial system and thus analytically be seen through the lens of the network model separating: activities, resources and actors (Håkansson, 1987). In order to understand renewal of the established structures, resources are in focus. Resources are seen as heterogeneous, referring to that the value of resources depend on how they are combined with other resources. Resource combining and resource re-combining will be important aspects of renewal in an industrial system characterized by heaviness (Håkansson & Waluszewski, 2002, 2018). Also the established resource structure as context (Bengtson, 2003) will be useful for analyzing possible ways of finding renewal. There is no doubt our modern society needs renewal and energy from renewable sources. Renewable energy refers to energy derived from wind, water, sun and waves, meaning energy from sources that are not consumed. What currently is more of a discussion is what kind of renewable energy sources that will dominate in the coming years. The view of the future is both diverging and uncertain (Melander, Dubois, Hedvall, & Lind, 2019). Many actors try to and will influence the development of future energy sources, including industry, university and government agencies. A starting point is that we will need several different renewable energy sources simultaneously. Developing the technology behind renewable energy is complex since it not only involves developing the technology per se but also infrastructure, systems, business interactions and models. Importantly, what is challenging is that the existing fossil fuel-based energy systems need to be changed and/or replaced, which at times hindering the development. The framework of the paper builds on the assumption of resource heterogeneity implying that the value of resources depends on how they are combined with other resources. Resources could be organizational and technological in nature (Baraldi, Gressetvold, & Harrison, 2012). The framework focuses on how resources are developed through interaction between the start-ups and different types of actors such as developing partners, users and suppliers. Building on this framework we will look at: (1) the resources and their features that are exchanged and developed in interaction, (2) how existing resources are changed, combined and recombined and (3) how resources impact one another, and are accepted or not as new resource combinations in broader contexts. The method of the paper is a case study methodology. The empirical data of the paper is centered on the resource network of the energy sector in Sweden. The case will be used to see the role of interaction between established firms as well as start-ups and in this way explore renewal in heavy resource structures. The paper has its empirical base in an ongoing project funded by the Swedish Energy Agency, where we are investigating the role taken by technology-based start-up companies in commercializing their technologies for renewable energy in Sweden. The start-ups in focus for the project have technologies for renewable energy as their commercial bases, for example, water-based energy solutions and creating renewable energy from algae. Practice and policy underline the importance of innovation in broad and start-ups for economic development and growth. Start-up managers are always foreseeing an uncertain future with limited resources and no established customer relationships (see e.g. Aaboen, Dubois, & Lind, 2011). When their context is characterized by diverse expectations on the fossil free alternatives to be used, we see needs for understanding established firms and start-ups roles for renewable energy in order to contributing insights that can be helpful for government as well as policy terms (Andersson, Vico, Hammar, & Sandén, 2017). We will be able to explain renewal with help of a theoretical approach emphasizing interaction, implying a potential for contribution to the innovation literature as well as opportunities for practical implications for managers in companies and representatives of universities and policy actors.
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| 47. |
- Landqvist, Maria, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Resource renewal in heavy business networks: the case of Modvion starting up in the Swedish wind energy context
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. - : Emerald Group Holdings Ltd.. - 0885-8624 .- 2052-1189. ; 38:3, s. 507-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Taking the perspective of a start-up company, the purpose of this paper is to analyse resource renewal in heavy business networks. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical framework is based on the Industrial Network Approach and, especially, the resource interaction framework, business network settings and studies of starting up in business networks. The basis for the paper is a case study of a start-up in the Swedish wind energy context. Findings: Resource renewal in this case means replacing one resource, having implications for the resource interfaces in the three business network settings. Research limitations/implications: The paper contributes to the area of studies of starting up in business networks by identifying a distinct form of resource renewal in heavy business networks enabled by development of resource interfaces in three business network settings. Practical implications: Managers in start-ups as well as established firms need to interact to create and develop the resource interfaces that are needed to achieve resource renewal. Resource renewal not only is in the hands of start-ups but also requires interactive resource development with various collaboration partners. Originality/value: This study takes a start-up’s perspective to resource renewal of heavy business networks and analyses heaviness based on resource interfaces in three business network settings.
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| 48. |
- Landqvist, Maria, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Start-ups developing business relationships in the Swedish energy system
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IMP Asia 2018 Conference, Sri Lanka, December 2-5.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the process of starting up in the Swedish energy system and in particular how existing resource structures both facilitate and hinder commercialization of new innovations that may contribute to renewable energy solutions. The Swedish energy system is an outcome of many years of investments being made in both public and private infrastructures that can be seen as a ‘heavy resource structure’. However, the current ‘heavy resource structure’ containing for example refineries that generate products from fossil fuels is now subject to huge challenges and must open up for new actors and resources to meet the new demands. By using a case methodology this paper aims to explore how to capture the starting up process in the Swedish energy system and specifically the interplay between organizational and technical resources as a way to embed new technical solutions in already established resource structures. The theoretical starting point is the Industrial Network Approach and especially the concepts of resource interaction and resource interfaces.
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| 49. |
- Landqvist, Maria, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Starting up a local energy system in Sweden: The story of technological collaboration between an Italian supplier and established Swedish energy company
- 2019
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Ingår i: The 35th IMP Conference 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the inter-organizational aspects of creating a local energy system in Sweden. Today the Swedish energy system faces a challenge of becoming 100 % renewable in 2040. To be able to manage the transformation the system needs to open up for new actors and new renewable technology. However, to embed new renewable technology into the existing system is difficult because of the already predefined infrastructure and regulations. Hence, there is need to explore how technological collaboration can facilitate the process of embedding new renewable technology into the energy system. Therefore, this study focuses on the technological collaboration between the energy company E.ON and the Italian supplier Loccioni and the embedding of new technology in the shape of a local energy system in Sweden. By relying on the Industrial Network Approach and in particular the resource layer this study aims to explore the impact of the collaboration on three levels; the dyadic level, the project level and the system level.
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| 50. |
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