| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Hernroth, Bodil, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of ocean acidification on antimicrobial activity in gills of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fish and Shellfish Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 1050-4648 .- 1095-9947. ; 55, s. 452-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we aimed to investigate potential effects of ocean acidification on antimicrobial peptide (AMP) activity in the gills of Mytilus edulis, as gills are directly facing seawater and the changing pH (predicted to be reduced from ∼8.1 to ∼7.7 by 2100). The AMP activity of gill and haemocyte extracts was compared at pH 6.0, 7.7 and 8.1, with a radial diffusion assay against Escherichia coli. The activity of the gill extracts was not affected by pH, while it was significantly reduced with increasing pH in the haemocyte extracts. Gill extracts were also tested against different species of Vibrio (V. parahaemolyticus, V. tubiashii, V. splendidus, V. alginolyticus) at pH 7.7 and 8.1. The metabolic activity of the bacteria decreased by ∼65–90%, depending on species of bacteria, but was, as in the radial diffusion assay, not affected by pH. The results indicated that AMPs from gills are efficient in a broad pH-range. However, when mussels were pre-exposed for pH 7.7 for four month the gill extracts presented significantly lower inhibit of bacterial growth. A full in-depth proteome investigation of gill extracts, using LC-Orbitrap MS/MS technique, showed that among previously described AMPs from haemocytes of Mytilus, myticin A was found up-regulated in response to lipopolysaccharide, 3 h post injection. Sporadic occurrence of other immune related peptides/proteins also pointed to a rapid response (0.5–3 h p.i.). Altogether, our results indicate that the gills of blue mussels constitute an important first line defence adapted to act at the pH of seawater. The antimicrobial activity of the gills is however modulated when mussels are under the pressure of ocean acidification, which may give future advantages for invading pathogens.
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| 3. |
- Aspholm-Hurtig, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional adaptation of BabA, the H. pylori ABO blood group antigen binding adhesin.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 305:5683, s. 519-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disease. Here, we report that more than 95% of strains that bind fucosylated blood group antigen bind A, B, and O antigens (generalists), whereas 60% of adherent South American Amerindian strains bind blood group O antigens best (specialists). This specialization coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in these Amerindians. Strains differed about 1500-fold in binding affinities, and diversifying selection was evident in babA sequences. We propose that cycles of selection for increased and decreased bacterial adherence contribute to babA diversity and that these cycles have led to gradual replacement of generalist binding by specialist binding in blood group O-dominant human populations.
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| 4. |
- Fall, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Age- and sex-specific causal effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 64:5, s. 1841-1852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. All analyses were stratified by age (cutoff 55 years of age) and sex. The genetic score was associated with BMI in both nonstratified analysis (P = 2.8 × 10(-107)) and stratified analyses (all P < 3.3 × 10(-30)). We found evidence of a causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, fasting levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in a nonstratified analysis and in the <55-year stratum. Further, we found evidence of a smaller causal effect on total cholesterol (P for difference = 0.015) in the ≥55-year stratum than in the <55-year stratum, a finding that could be explained by biology, survival bias, or differential medication. In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors.
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| 5. |
- Fall, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Adiposity in Cardiometabolic Traits : A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 10:6, s. e1001474-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The association between adiposity and cardiometabolic traits is well known from epidemiological studies. Whilst the causal relationship is clear for some of these traits, for others it is not. We aimed to determine whether adiposity is causally related to various cardiometabolic traits using the Mendelian randomization approach. Methods and Findings: We used the adiposity-associated variant rs9939609 at the FTO locus as an instrumental variable (IV) for body mass index (BMI) in a Mendelian randomization design. Thirty-six population-based studies of individuals of European descent contributed to the analyses. Age-and sex-adjusted regression models were fitted to test for association between (i) rs9939609 and BMI (n = 198,502), (ii) rs9939609 and 24 traits, and (iii) BMI and 24 traits. The causal effect of BMI on the outcome measures was quantified by IV estimators. The estimators were compared to the BMI-trait associations derived from the same individuals. In the IV analysis, we demonstrated novel evidence for a causal relationship between adiposity and incident heart failure (hazard ratio, 1.19 per BMI-unit increase; 95% CI, 1.03-1.39) and replicated earlier reports of a causal association with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (odds ratio for IV estimator, 1.1-1.4; all p<0.05). For quantitative traits, our results provide novel evidence for a causal effect of adiposity on the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase and confirm previous reports of a causal effect of adiposity on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, 2-h post-load glucose from the oral glucose tolerance test, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all p<0.05). The estimated causal effects were in agreement with traditional observational measures in all instances except for type 2 diabetes, where the causal estimate was larger than the observational estimate (p = 0.001). Conclusions: We provide novel evidence for a causal relationship between adiposity and heart failure as well as between adiposity and increased liver enzymes.
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| 6. |
- Frazier-Wood, Alexis C., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature). - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 48, s. 624-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very few genetic variants have been associated with depression and neuroticism, likely because of limitations on sample size in previous studies. Subjective well-being, a phenotype that is genetically correlated with both of these traits, has not yet been studied with genome-wide data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (n = 298,420), depressive symptoms (n = 161,460), and neuroticism (n = 170,911). We identify 3 variants associated with subjective well-being, 2 variants associated with depressive symptoms, and 11 variants associated with neuroticism, including 2 inversion polymorphisms. The two loci associated with depressive symptoms replicate in an independent depression sample. Joint analyses that exploit the high genetic correlations between the phenotypes (vertical bar(p) over cap vertical bar approximate to 0.8) strengthen the overall credibility of the findings and allow us to identify additional variants. Across our phenotypes, loci regulating expression in central nervous system and adrenal or pancreas tissues are strongly enriched for association.
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| 7. |
- Holappa, Tim, 1989-
(författare)
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Rätten till bostad i det sociala skyddsnätet : En rättsvetenskaplig studie om enskildas rättigheter och det allmännas ansvar
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The right to housing is a human right expressed in the Swedish constitution as well as in international human rights conventions. In Sweden, however, the right to housing is not expressed as an enforceable right that individuals can request to have realised by public authorities or courts. Instead, the objective of the Swedish housing policy and the regulation on the right to housing has been that everyone should be able to demand good housing on the general housing market.The purpose of this thesis is to examine and analyse the legal responsibility of the central and local government to realise the right to housing for individuals who cannot arrange housing themselves. The intention is that the thesis thereby will uncover legal contradictions, ambiguities or other shortcomings that may lead to a risk that the right to housing is not realised for everyone.Methodologically, the starting point is a view of law, inspired primarily by Kaarlo Tuori’s theory on critical legal positivism, as consisting of two dimensions. In addition to a normative legal order, law also consists of legal practices. The legal order, in turn, is regarded as a multi-layered normative order: in addition to the surface level with individual legal rules, the legal order also consists of deeper levels where legal elements such as general legal principles and human rights as general normative ideas are found.The responsibility to realise the right to housing is analysed in the light of international law as well as national law. According to international law, Sweden has a responsibility to recognize and realise the right to housing for everyone. According to national law, no public authority has a clear responsibility to realise the right to housing for individuals in need. Instead, the right to housing is to be realised through several different legal frameworks that are analysed in the thesis. Firstly the right to financial housing support within the framework of social insurance. Secondly municipalities’ responsibility for housing provision. Thirdly the local social services ultimate responsibility to support individuals in need. The overall conclusion of the thesis is that the legal framework regarding the responsibility of the central and local government to realise the right to housing for those who cannot arrange housing themselves does not constitute a coherent social safety net. The support that individuals who are unable to acquire housing themselves are entitled to has the nature of emergency assistance and shelter, rather than housing of a long-term nature. Furthermore, assistance in the form of housing is often time-limited and subject to far-reaching requirements that individuals, for example, must try to acquire a home on their own. The regulation thus means that individuals who need housing and cannot arrange housing themselves risk being without state support. This is problematic if the right to housing is to be realised for everyone. How these problems are to be solved is a matter for the legislator, but this thesis contributes with knowledge of legal problems that the legal regulation entails. These problems should be addressed and the right to housing taken seriously, by all the actors involved, if the right to housing is to be realised.
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| 8. |
- Horikoshi, Momoko, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery and Fine-Mapping of Glycaemic and Obesity-Related Trait Loci Using High-Density Imputation.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 11:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reference panels from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) Project Consortium provide near complete coverage of common and low-frequency genetic variation with minor allele frequency ≥0.5% across European ancestry populations. Within the European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology (ENGAGE) Consortium, we have undertaken the first large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), supplemented by 1000G imputation, for four quantitative glycaemic and obesity-related traits, in up to 87,048 individuals of European ancestry. We identified two loci for body mass index (BMI) at genome-wide significance, and two for fasting glucose (FG), none of which has been previously reported in larger meta-analysis efforts to combine GWAS of European ancestry. Through conditional analysis, we also detected multiple distinct signals of association mapping to established loci for waist-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (RSPO3) and FG (GCK and G6PC2). The index variant for one association signal at the G6PC2 locus is a low-frequency coding allele, H177Y, which has recently been demonstrated to have a functional role in glucose regulation. Fine-mapping analyses revealed that the non-coding variants most likely to drive association signals at established and novel loci were enriched for overlap with enhancer elements, which for FG mapped to promoter and transcription factor binding sites in pancreatic islets, in particular. Our study demonstrates that 1000G imputation and genetic fine-mapping of common and low-frequency variant association signals at GWAS loci, integrated with genomic annotation in relevant tissues, can provide insight into the functional and regulatory mechanisms through which their effects on glycaemic and obesity-related traits are mediated.
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| 9. |
- Hägg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Adiposity as a cause of cardiovascular disease : a Mendelian randomization study
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 44:2, s. 578-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adiposity, as indicated by body mass index (BMI), has been associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases in epidemiological studies. We aimed to investigate if these associations are causal, using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: The associations of BMI with cardiovascular outcomes [coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and ischaemic stroke], and associations of a genetic score (32 BMI single nucleotide polymorphisms) with BMI and cardiovascular outcomes were examined in up to 22 193 individuals with 3062 incident cardiovascular events from nine prospective follow-up studies within the ENGAGE consortium. We used random-effects meta-analysis in an MR framework to provide causal estimates of the effect of adiposity on cardiovascular outcomes. Results: There was a strong association between BMI and incident CHD (HR = 1.20 per SD-increase of BMI, 95% CI, 1.12-1.28, P = 1.9.10(-7)), heart failure (HR = 1.47, 95% CI, 1.35-1.60, P = 9.10(-19)) and ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.06-1.24, P = 0.0008) in observational analyses. The genetic score was robustly associated with BMI (beta = 0.030 SD-increase of BMI per additional allele, 95% CI, 0.028-0.033, P = 3.10(-107)). Analyses indicated a causal effect of adiposity on development of heart failure (HR = 1.93 per SD-increase of BMI, 95% CI, 1.12-3.30, P = 0.017) and ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.05-3.20, P = 0.034). Additional cross-sectional analyses using both ENGAGE and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D data showed a causal effect of adiposity on CHD. Conclusions: Using MR methods, we provide support for the hypothesis that adiposity causes CHD, heart failure and, previously not demonstrated, ischaemic stroke.
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| 10. |
- Jin, Shoko, et al.
(författare)
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The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 530:3, s. 2688-2730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, saw first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-deg field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959nm at R similar to 5000, or two shorter ranges at . After summarizing the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organization, science drivers, and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for similar to 3 million stars and detailed abundances for similar to 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey similar to 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects, and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey similar to 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionized gas in z < 0.5 cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in field galaxies at 0.3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.7; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using >1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; and (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.
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| 11. |
- Kassa, Eszter, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of affinity-purification coupled to mass spectrometry approaches for capture of short linear motif-based interactions
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Low affinity and transient protein-protein interactions, such as short linear motif (SLiM)-based interactions, require dedicated experimental tools for discovery and validation. Here, we evaluated and compared biotinylated peptide pulldown and protein interaction screen on peptide matrix (PRISMA) coupled to mass-spectrometry (MS) using a set of peptides containing interaction motifs. Eight different peptide sequences that engage in interactions with three distinct protein domains (KEAP1 Kelch, MDM2 SWIB, and TSG101 UEV) with a wide range of affinities were tested. We found that peptide pulldown can be an effective approach for SLiM validation, however, parameters such as protein abundance and competitive interactions can prevent the capture of known interactors. The use of tandem peptide repeats improved the capture and preservation of some interactions. When testing PRISMA, it failed to provide comparable results for a model peptide that successfully pulled down a known interactor using biotinylated peptide pulldown. Overall, in our hands, we find that albeit more laborious, biotin-peptide pulldown was more successful in terms of validation of known interactions. Our results highlight that the tested affinity-capture MS-based methods for validation of SLiM-based interactions from cell lysates are suboptimal, and we identified parameters for consideration for method development.
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| 12. |
- Kassa, Eszter, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of affinity-purification coupled to mass spectrometry approaches for capture of short linear motif-based interactions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low affinity and transient protein-protein interactions, such as short linear motif (SLiM)-based interactions, require dedicated experimental tools for discovery and validation. Here, we evaluated and compared biotinylated peptide pulldown and protein interaction screen on peptide matrix (PRISMA) coupled to massspectrometry (MS) using a set of peptides containing interaction motifs. Eight different peptide sequences that engage in interactions with three distinct protein domains (KEAP1 Kelch, MDM2 SWIB, and TSG101 UEV) with a wide range of affinities were tested. We found that peptide pulldown can be an effective approach for SLiM validation, however, parameters such as protein abundance and competitive interactions can prevent the capture of known interactors. The use of tandem peptide repeats improved the capture and preservation of some interactions. When testing PRISMA, it failed to provide comparable results for model peptides that successfully pulled down known interactors using biotinylated peptide pulldown. Overall, in our hands, we find that albeit more laborious, biotin-peptide pulldown was more successful in terms of validation of known interactions. Our results highlight that the tested affinity-capture MS-based methods for validation of SLiM-based interactions from cell lysates are suboptimal, and we identified parameters for consideration for method development.
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| 13. |
- Riffault, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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A Single Shot Pre-fusion-Stabilized Bovine RSV F Vaccine is Safe and Effective in Newborn Calves with Maternally Derived Antibodies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Vaccines. - : MDPI. - 2076-393X. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achieving safe and protective vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and in calves has proven a challenging task. The design of recombinant antigens with a conformation close to their native form in virus particles is a major breakthrough. We compared two subunit vaccines, the bovine RSV (BRSV) pre-fusion F (preF) alone or with nanorings formed by the RSV nucleoprotein (preF+N). PreF and N proteins are potent antigenic targets for neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses, respectively. To tackle the challenges of neonatal immunization, three groups of six one-month-old calves with maternally derived serum antibodies (MDA) to BRSV received a single intramuscular injection of PreF, preF+N with Montanide (TM) ISA61 VG (ISA61) as adjuvant or only ISA61 (control). One month later, all calves were challenged with BRSV and monitored for virus replication in the upper respiratory tract and for clinical signs of disease over one week, and then post-mortem examinations of their lungs were performed. Both preF and preF+N vaccines afforded safe, clinical, and virological protection against BRSV, with little difference between the two subunit vaccines. Analysis of immune parameters pointed to neutralizing antibodies and antibodies to preF as being significant correlates of protection. Thus, a single shot vaccination with preF appears sufficient to reduce the burden of BRSV disease in calves with MDA.
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| 14. |
- Surakka, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of low-frequency and rare variants on lipid levels.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:6, s. 589-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a genome-wide screen of 9.6 million genetic variants achieved through 1000 Genomes Project imputation in 62,166 samples, we identify association to lipid traits in 93 loci, including 79 previously identified loci with new lead SNPs and 10 new loci, 15 loci with a low-frequency lead SNP and 10 loci with a missense lead SNP, and 2 loci with an accumulation of rare variants. In six loci, SNPs with established function in lipid genetics (CELSR2, GCKR, LIPC and APOE) or candidate missense mutations with predicted damaging function (CD300LG and TM6SF2) explained the locus associations. The low-frequency variants increased the proportion of variance explained, particularly for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Altogether, our results highlight the impact of low-frequency variants in complex traits and show that imputation offers a cost-effective alternative to resequencing.
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| 15. |
- Valarcher, Jean-Francois, et al.
(författare)
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Single-Shot Vaccines against Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) : Comparative Evaluation of Long-Term Protection after Immunization in the Presence of BRSV-Specific Maternal Antibodies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Vaccines. - : MDPI. - 2076-393X. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The induction of long-lasting clinical and virological protection is needed for a successful vaccination program against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). In this study, calves with BRSV-specific maternally derived antibodies were vaccinated once, either with (i) a BRSV pre-fusion protein (PreF) and Montanide(TM) ISA61 VG (ISA61, n = 6), (ii) BRSV lacking the SH gene (Delta SHrBRSV, n = 6), (iii) a commercial vaccine (CV, n = 6), or were injected with ISA61 alone (n = 6). All calves were challenged with BRSV 92 days later and were euthanized 13 days post-infection. Based on clinical, pathological, and proteomic data, all vaccines appeared safe. Compared to the controls, PreF induced the most significant clinical and virological protection post-challenge, followed by Delta SHrBRSV and CV, whereas the protection of PreF-vaccinated calves was correlated with BRSV-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody responses 84 days post-vaccination, and the IgG antibody titers of Delta SHrBRSV- and CV-vaccinated calves did not differ from the controls on this day. Nevertheless, strong anamnestic BRSV- and PreF-specific IgG responses occurred in calves vaccinated with either of the vaccines, following a BRSV challenge. In conclusion, PreF and Delta SHrBRSV are two efficient one-shot candidate vaccines. By inducing a protection for at least three months, they could potentially improve the control of BRSV in calves.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Wilsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Apoptotic neutrophils containing Staphylococcus epidermidis stimulate macrophages to release the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6
- 2008
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Ingår i: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0928-8244 .- 1574-695X. ; 53:1, s. 126-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcus epidermidis infections are usually nosocomial and involve colonization of biomaterials. The immune defense system cannot efficiently control the bacteria during these infections, which often results in protracted chronic inflammation, in which a key event is disturbed removal of neutrophils by tissue macrophages. While ingesting uninfected apoptotic neutrophils, macrophages release anti-inflammatory cytokines that lead to resolution of inflammation. In clinical studies, we have previously found elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 in synovial fluid from prostheses infected with coagulase negative staphylococci. We show that macrophages phagocytosing apoptotic neutrophils containing S. epidermidis released TNF-a and interleukin-6, whereas macrophages phagocytosing spontaneously apoptotic neutrophils did not. This difference was not due to dissimilar phagocytic capacities, because macrophages ingested both types of neutrophils to the same extent. The activation was induced mainly by the apoptotic neutrophils themselves, not by the few remaining extracellular bacteria. Macrophages were not activated by apoptotic neutrophils that contained paraformaldehyde-killed S. epidermidis. Proinflammatory reactions induced by clearance of apoptotic neutrophils containing S. epidermidis might represent an important mechanism to combat the infective agent. This activation of macrophages may contribute to the development of chronic inflammation instead of inflammation resolution. © 2008 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ali, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Ocular Fundus Morphology and Visual Function in Adolescents Born Moderate-to-Late Preterm
- 2023
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Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. - 0146-0404 .- 1552-5783. ; 64:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: Previous studies have mostly focused on ophthalmological complications associated with being born extremely preterm despite that moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) account for 85% of all preterm births. The aim was to examine fundus morphology and visual function in adolescents born MLP, in comparison with controls born full-term.Methods: A prospective population-based cohort study of 247 MLP individuals (110 girls, gestational age 32-36 weeks) with no syndromes or history of retinopathy of prematurity participated in a neonatal study in 2002-2004. Later on, they have been included in ophthalmological follow-up studies at age 8 (n=50) and 12 (n=22). In the present study, 50 adolescents (26 girls; mean age 16.5 years) were examined regarding best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction, and ocular morphology, measured by optical coherence tomography (Topcon, Japan). A group of 50 adolescents (30 girls, mean age 16.7 years) born full-term served as controls. Participants with refraction outside +/-6 diopters were excluded. T-test was used for statistical analysis.Results: The MLP-group (n=48) showed a thinner macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) inner mean in right eye (RE) (26.4±1.5 vs 27.1±1.7 μm; p=0.029) and in left eye (LE) (26.3±1.5 vs 27.0±1.5 μm; p=0.022) compared with controls. A thinner macular RNFL outer mean was found both in RE (40.2±4.4 vs 42.6±4.2 μm; p=0.011) and LE (40.3±4.0 vs 42.1±4.3 μm; p=0.034) (Fig.1A-B). A thicker central macular retinal thickness (MRT) (249.3±20.9 vs 239.9±16.4 μm; p=0.016) and a thinner total peripapillary (pp)RNFL (104.8±8.8 vs 109.1±8.3 μm; p=0.027) were found in RE. The BCVA in best eye was lower in the MLP-group (n=50) compared with controls (-0.09±0.08 vs -0.12±0.09 logMAR; p=0.022). At age 8, MLP births showed a thinner total macular volume and a thicker foveal minimum, central MRT, and central macular RNFL in RE. At age 12, a thicker foveal minimum and thinner outer macular RNFL were found in LE.Conclusions: MLP-birth may be associated with ophthalmological macular and ppRNFL changes as well as lower BCVA in adolescence. Similar morphology findings have been shown at younger ages, thus the fundus results persist into young adulthood.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Chemosensory perception, symptoms and autonomic responses during chemical exposure in multiple chemical sensitivity
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 89:1, s. 79-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a prevalent medically unexplained symptom characterized by symptom reactions to everyday chemical exposure below hygienic thresholds. The aim of this study was to investigate the expressions of hyper-reactivity in MCS during whole-body exposure to low concentrations of the odorant n-butanol.Methods: We exposed 18 participants with MCS and 18 non-ill controls to a low concentration of the odorantn-butanol using an exposure chamber. The first 10 min constituted blank exposure, after which then-butanol concentration increased and reached a plateau at 11.5 mg/m3.Results: MCS participants, compared with controls, reported greater perceived odor intensities, more unpleasantness to the exposure and increasing symptoms over time. MCS participants also expressed higher pulse rate and lower pulse rate variability than controls did. No group differences were found for breathing rate or tonic electrodermal activity responses.Conclusions: We conclude that MCS sufferers differ from healthy controls in terms of autonomic responses, symptoms and chemosensory perception during chemical exposure.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Artemenko, Konstantin A., et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of immunoaffinity enrichment and detection : toward a comprehensive characterization of the phosphotyrosine proteome of K562 cells by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Analyst. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; 136:9, s. 1971-1978
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues regulates many cell functions and has also been proved to be involved in oncogenesis. Thus, the identification of the phosphotyrosine (pTyr) proteome of cells is a very important task. Since tyrosine phosphorylation represents only around 1% of the total human phosphoproteome, the study of pTyr proteins is rather challenging. Here we report the optimization study of the phosphotyrosine proteome using K562 cells as a model system. A substantial segment of the phosphotyrosine proteome of K562 cells was characterized by immunoaffinity enrichment with 4G10 and PYKD1 antibodies followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. 480 non-redundant pTyr peptides corresponding to 342 pTyr proteins were found. 141 pTyr peptides were not described elsewhere. The mass spectrometry approach involving high-resolving FTMS analysis of precursor ions and subsequent detection of CID fragments in a linear ion trap was considered as optimal. For detection of low abundant pTyr peptides pooling of individual immunoaffinity enrichments for one LC-MS/MS analysis was crucial. The enrichment properties of the monoclonal PYKD1 antibody were presented for the first time, also in comparison to the 4G10 antibody. PYKD1 was found to be more effective for protein enrichment (1.2 and 5% efficiency at peptide and protein level correspondingly), while 4G10 showed better results when peptide enrichment was performed (15% efficiency versus 3.6% at protein level). Substantially different subsets of the phosphoproteome were enriched by these antibodies. This finding together with previous studies demonstrates that comprehensive pTyr proteome characterization by immunoprecipitation requires multiple antibodies to be used for the affinity enrichment.
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| 24. |
- Arvidsson, Per I., et al.
(författare)
-
Öppenheten förstör chansen till patent
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - Stockholm : Svenska Dagbladet AB & Co.. - 2001-3868.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 25. |
- Asplund, Ida, 1980-
(författare)
-
Den enskildes rättssäkerhet i individnära tillsyn
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Legal security in public administration is one of the prerequisites for a legal state. It can be promoted through supervision by public authorities. The need of supervision has increased due to the development of public administration. EU law has also had a clear impact on the development of supervision and its regulation. Supervision can be of special value where formal decisions are rare and the individual has limited access to courts in order to gain access to justice.The study examines how legal security in supervision relating to the rights of the individual has developed since the middle of the 20th century in five different areas: social services, health care, discrimination legislation, data protection and the general supervision of public administration carried out by the Parliamentary Ombudsman. The study also examines the purpose and function of supervision as a constitutional control tool in relation to the rights of the individual.Effective supervision from a rule of law perspective should combine monitoring on a systematic level with investigation of individual complaints and well-functioning levels of supervision. The investigation of individual complaints can build trust and legitimacy and help supervisory authorities to detect relevant misconduct. Active participation by individuals can contribute to the implementation of supervision as a constitutional control tool, which may favour the individual, indivuals collectively and the legal state.
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| 26. |
- Augusto, Ohara, et al.
(författare)
-
Carbon dioxide-catalyzed peroxynitrite reactivity - The resilience of the radical mechanism after two decades of research
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Free Radical Biology & Medicine. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0891-5849 .- 1873-4596. ; 135, s. 210-215
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peroxynitrite, ONOO-, formed in tissues that are simultaneously generating NO center dot and O-2(center dot-), is widely regarded as a major contributor to oxidative stress. Many of the reactions involved are catalyzed by CO2 via formation of an unstable adduct, ONOOC(O)O-, that undergoes O-O bond homolysis to produce NO2 center dot and CO3 center dot- radicals, whose yields are equal at about 0.33 with respect to the ONOO- reactant. Since its inception two decades ago, this radical-based mechanism has been frequently but unsuccessfully challenged. The most recent among these [Serrano-Luginbuehl et al. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 31: 721-730; 2018] claims that ONOOC(O)O- is stable, predicts a yield of NO2 center dot/CO3 center dot- of less than 0.01 under physiological conditions and, contrary to widely accepted viewpoints, suggests that radical generation is inconsequential to peroxynitrite-induced oxidative damage. Here we review the experimental and theoretical evidence that support the radical model and show this recently proposed alternative mechanism to be incorrect.
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| 27. |
- Baker, Brett J., et al.
(författare)
-
Genomic inference of the metabolism of cosmopolitan subsurface Archaea, Hadesarchaea
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - 2058-5276. ; 1:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subsurface biosphere is largely unexplored and contains a broad diversity of uncultured microbes(1). Despite being one of the few prokaryotic lineages that is cosmopolitan in both the terrestrial and marine subsurface(2-4), the physiological and ecological roles of SAGMEG (South-African Gold Mine Miscellaneous Euryarchaeal Group) Archaea are unknown. Here, we report the metabolic capabilities of this enigmatic group as inferred from genomic reconstructions. Four high-quality (63-90% complete) genomes were obtained from White Oak River estuary and Yellowstone National Park hot spring sediment metagenomes. Phylogenomic analyses place SAGMEG Archaea as a deeply rooting sister clade of the Thermococci, leading us to propose the name Hadesarchaea for this new Archaeal class. With an estimated genome size of around 1.5 Mbp, the genomes of Hadesarchaea are distinctly streamlined, yet metabolically versatile. They share several physiological mechanisms with strict anaerobic Euryarchaeota. Several metabolic characteristics make them successful in the subsurface, including genes involved in CO and H-2 oxidation (or H-2 production), with potential coupling to nitrite reduction to ammonia (DNRA). This first glimpse into the metabolic capabilities of these cosmopolitan Archaea suggests they are mediating key geochemical processes and are specialized for survival in the subsurface biosphere.
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| 28. |
- Bergström Lind, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
A strategy for identification of protein tyrosine phosphorylation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1046-2023 .- 1095-9130. ; 56:2, s. 275-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To develop methods for studying phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues is an important task since this protein modification regulates many cellular functions and often is involved in oncogenesis. An optimal protocol includes enrichment of tyrosine phosphorylated (pTyr) peptides or proteins, followed by a high resolving analytical method for identification of the enriched components. In this Methods paper, we describe a working strategy on how immunoaffinity enrichments, using anti-pTyr antibodies, combined with mass spectrometric (MS) analysis can be used to study the pTyr proteome. We describe in detail how our procedure was used to characterize the pTyr proteome of K562 leukemia cells. Important questions concerning the use of different anti-pTyr antibodies, enrichments performed at the peptide and/or the protein level, pooling of enrichments and requirements for the MS characterization are discussed.
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| 29. |
- Bergström Lind, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Immunoaffinity Enrichments Followed by Mass Spectrometric Detection for Studying Global Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 7:7, s. 2897-2910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues regulates important cell functions and is, when dysregulated, often crucially involved in oncogenesis. It is therefore important to develop and evaluate methods for identifying and studying tyrosine phosphorylated (P-Tyr) proteins. P-Tyr proteins are present at very low concentrations within cells, requiring highly selective enrichment methods to be detected. In this study, we applied immunoaffinity as enrichment step for P-Tyr proteins. Five selected anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies (monoclonal antibodies 4G10, PY100, PYKD1, 13F9 and one polyclonal antiserum) were evaluated with respect to their capability to enrich P-Tyr proteins from cell extracts of the K562 leukemia cell line. The enrichment resulted in the detection of a group of proteins that potentially were tyrosine-phosphorylated (putative P-Tyr proteins). High accuracy identification of actual P-Tyr sites were performed using a highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography Fourier transform mass spectrometer (LC-FTMS) setup with complementary collision activated dissociation (CAD) and electron capture dissociation (ECD) fragmentations. 4G10 and PY100 antibodies recognized the greatest number of putative P-Tyr proteins in initial screening experiments and were therefore further evaluated and compared in immunoaffinity enrichment of both P-Tyr proteins and peptides. Using the 4G10 antibody for enrichment of proteins, we identified 459 putative P-Tyr proteins by MS. Out of these proteins, 12 were directly verified as P-Tyr proteins by MS analysis of the actual site. Using the PY100 antibody for enrichment of peptides, we detected 67 P-Tyr peptides (sites) and 89 putative P-Tyr proteins. Generally, enrichment at the peptide level made it difficult to reliably determine the identity of the proteins. In contrast, protein identification following immunoaffinity enrichment at the protein level gave greater sequence coverage and thus a higher confidence in the protein identification. By combining all available information, 40 proteins were identified as true P-Tyr proteins from the K562 cell line. In conclusion, this study showed that a combination of immunoaffinity enrichment using multiple antibodies of both intact and digested proteins in parallel experiments is required for best possible coverage of all possible P-Tyr proteins in a sample.
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| 30. |
- Bergström Lind, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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The phosphoproteome of the adenovirus type 2 virion
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-6822 .- 1096-0341. ; 433:1, s. 253-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used a proteomics approach to identify sites of phosphorylation in the structural proteins of the Adenovirus type 2 particle. This protein modification might play an important role during infection. Peptides from highly purified virus were enriched for phosphorylations and analyzed by liquid chromatography-high-resolving mass spectrometry. Phosphorylations were identified in 11 structural peptides and 29 non-redundant phosphorylation sites were unambiguously assigned to specific amino acid. An unexpected result was the finding of phosphotyrosine in two of the viral polypeptides. The most highly phosphorylated protein was pIIIa with 12 identified phosphorylation sites. An identified preference for proline or leucine residue flanking the phosphorylation sites downstream suggests that cellular kinases are involved in many of the phosphorylations. Structural modeling showed that one site in the hexon is located on the outer side of the virus and could be of importance for the virus when attaching and entering cells.
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| 31. |
- Bergström Lind, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Toward a comprehensive characterization of the phosphotyrosine proteome
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cellular Signalling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0898-6568 .- 1873-3913. ; 23:8, s. 1387-1395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tyrosine phosphorylation (pTyr) regulates important cell functions and plays a key role in carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive study of the phosphotyrosine proteome. Immunoaffinity enriched pTyr proteins and peptides from K562 leukemia cells were analyzed with high-resolving liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Two different antibodies selective for the pTyr modification were used in repeated enrichments to identify as many pTyr peptides as possible. Stringent verification of putative pTyr sites was performed to assure high reliability in the subsequent biological interpretation of the data. Identified pTyr proteins were subjected to pathway analysis by using different analytical tools. In total, 294 pTyr peptides belonging to 217 pTyr proteins were identified, 15 of which had not previously been reported to be modified by pTyr. The pTyr proteins were clustered in six major groups based on the biological functions "cellular signaling", "cell motility and shape", "cell cycle process", "transport", "RNA processing" and "protein processing". The pTyr proteins were mainly positioned in the following cellular compartments: cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus and ribonucleoprotein complexes. An interesting finding was that many proteins were related to RNA processing and were found to be heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Also, more than half of the novel pTyr proteins were localized to the nucleus, of which three (PBX2, TEAD1 and DIDO1) were classified as transcription factors and two (CENPC1 and MAD2L1) are associated with cell division control.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Browning, Kathryn L., et al.
(författare)
-
Human Lipoproteins at Model Cell Membranes : Effect of Lipoprotein Class on Lipid Exchange
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High and low density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) are thought to play vital roles in the onset and development of atherosclerosis; the biggest killer in the western world. Key issues of initial lipoprotein (LP) interactions at cellular membranes need to be addressed including LP deposition and lipid exchange. Here we present a protocol for monitoring the in situ kinetics of lipoprotein deposition and lipid exchange/removal at model cellular membranes using the non-invasive, surface sensitive methods of neutron reflection and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. For neutron reflection, lipid exchange and lipid removal can be distinguished thanks to the combined use of hydrogenated and tail-deuterated lipids. Both HDL and LDL remove lipids from the bilayer and deposit hydrogenated material into the lipid bilayer, however, the extent of removal and exchange depends on LP type. These results support the notion of HDL acting as the 'good' cholesterol, removing lipid material from lipid-loaded cells, whereas LDL acts as the 'bad' cholesterol, depositing lipid material into the vascular wall.
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| 35. |
- Carlson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Using Cognitive Work Analysis to Model the Impact of Digitalization on Intensive Care Nursing
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making. - London : Sage Publications. - 1555-3434 .- 2169-5032.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The continuous development of health IT fuels a process of ongoing digitalization that affects the work of hospital staff. A Cognitive Work Analysis methodology was used to investigate the impact of digitalization through a Clinical Information System (CIS), an addition to the basic Electronic Medical Record, on one intensive care unit (ICU). Both observations and semi-structured interviews were performed. The replacement of a paper charting system with a digital CIS that meant some of the administrative tasks could be automated and other tasks being performed on a computer screen instead of using paper. The nurses’ work domain was modeled and compared to a study performed prior to the implementation of the CIS. The study demonstrates the potential utility of the Cognitive Work Analysis approach (when applied both pre and post-implementation) to evaluate the impact of a CIS on ICU nurses.
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| 36. |
- Carlström, Karl E., et al.
(författare)
-
Therapeutic efficacy of dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis associates with ROS pathway in monocytes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a first-line-treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The redox master regulator Nrf2, essential for redox balance, is a target of DMF, but its precise therapeutic mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here we show impact of DMF on circulating monocytes and T cells in a prospective longitudinal RRMS patient cohort. DMF increases the level of oxidized isoprostanes in peripheral blood. Other observed changes, including methylome and transcriptome profiles, occur in monocytes prior to T cells. Importantly, monocyte counts and monocytic ROS increase following DMF and distinguish patients with beneficial treatment-response from non-responders. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the ROS-generating NOX3 gene is associated with beneficial DMF treatment-response. Our data implicate monocyte-derived oxidative processes in autoimmune diseases and their treatment, and identify NOX3 genetic variant, monocyte counts and redox state as parameters potentially useful to inform clinical decisions on DMF therapy of RRMS.
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| 37. |
- Cedernaes, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
-
Acute sleep loss results in tissue-specific alterations in genome-wide DNA methylation state and metabolic fuel utilization in humans
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 4:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Curtailed sleep promotes weight gain and loss of lean mass in humans, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the genomic and physiological impact of acute sleep loss in peripheral tissues by obtaining adipose tissue and skeletal muscle after one night of sleep loss and after one full night of sleep. We find that acute sleep loss alters genome-wide DNA methylation in adipose tissue, and unbiased transcriptome-, protein-, and metabolite-level analyses also reveal highly tissue-specific changes that are partially reflected by altered metabolite levels in blood. We observe transcriptomic signatures of inflammation in both tissues following acute sleep loss, but changes involving the circadian clock are evident only in skeletal muscle, and we uncover molecular signatures suggestive of muscle breakdown that contrast with an anabolic adipose tissue signature. Our findings provide insight into how disruption of sleep and circadian rhythms may promote weight gain and sarcopenia.
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| 38. |
- Chen, Moashan, et al.
(författare)
-
Data on the expression of cellular lncRNAs in human adenovirus infected cells
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Data in Brief. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 8, s. 1263-1279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expression of cellular long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human primary lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) during the course of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) infection was studied by strand-specific whole transcriptome sequencing. In total, 645 cellular lncRNAs were expressed at a significant level and 398 of them were changed more than 2-fold. The changes in expression followed a distinct temporal pattern. Significantly, 80% of the changes occurred at the late phase and 80% of the de-regulated lncRNAs were up-regulated. The three largest groups of deregulated lncRNAs were 125 antisense RNAs, 111 pseudogenes and 85 long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs). Lastly, more than 36% of lncRNAs have been shown to interact with RNA binding proteins.
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| 39. |
- Chu, Jiangtao, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of different pluronic surface modifications and pressure on microdialysis protein extraction efficiency
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Biomedical microdevices (Print). - Springer. - 1387-2176 .- 1572-8781.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing interest in using microdialysis (MD) for monitoring larger and more complexmolecules such as neuropeptides and proteins. This promotes the use of MD membranes withmolecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 100 kDa. Hence, the hydrodynamic property of themembrane goes to ultrafiltration, making the sampling more sensitive to pressure changes. Also,despite the large membrane pore size, studies have shown that membrane biofouling still leads tounstable catheter performance. Our objective is to study in vitro how four kinds of surfacemodifications (Pluronic L31, L44, F87 and F127+L31) affect the fluid recovery (FR) andextraction efficiency (EE) of 100 kDa MWCO MD catheters, under controlled pressure. Apressure chamber was employed to facilitate the tests, using as MD sample a protein standardwith proteins of similar concentrations as in human cerebral spinal fluid. The collected dialysatefractions were examined for FR and EE. Targeted mass spectrometry analysed the EE ofindividual proteins and peptides. The thicker the pluronic adsorption layer, the less thehydrodynamic diameter of the membrane pores, leading to lower and more stable FR. The foursurface modifications had three different behaviours: Pluronic F127 + L31 showed similarbehavior to the Pluronic F127 and the native original membrane; Pluronic F87 showed acontinuous EE increase with pressure; Pluronic L31 and L44 showed similar EE values, whichwere stable with pressure. Different surface modifications are clearly selective to differentproteins and peptides. We conclude that a pluronic surface modification could provide MDsampling with more stable FR, and more stable or enhanced EE with high FR, depending on theobjective of the sampling.
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| 40. |
- Chu, Jiangtao, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of surface modification and static pressure on microdialysis protein extraction efficiency
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Biomedical microdevices (Print). - Springer : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-2176 .- 1572-8781. ; 17:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing interest in using microdialysis (MD) for monitoring larger and more complexmolecules such as neuropeptides and proteins. This promotes the use of MD membranes withmolecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 100 kDa or above. The hydrodynamic property of themembrane goes to ultrafiltration or beyond, making the MD catheters more sensitive to pressure.In the meantime, despite the large pore size, studies have shown that membrane biofouling stilllead to unstable catheter performance. The objective is to study in vitro how 500 kDa dextranand Poloxamer 407 surface modification affect the fluid recovery (FR) and extraction efficiency(EE) of 100 kDa MWCO MD catheters. A pressure chamber was designed to facilitate the tests,using as MD sample a protein standard with similar concentrations as in human cerebral spinalfluid, comparing native and Poloxamer 407 modified MD catheters. The collected dialysatefractions were examined for FR and protein EE, employing Dot-it Spot-it Protein Assay for totalprotein EE and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) for EE of individual proteins and peptides. TheFR results suggested that the surface modified catheters were less sensitive to the pressure andprovide higher precision, and provided a FR closer to 100%. The surface modification did notshow a significant effect on the protein EE. The average total protein EE of surface modifiedcatheters was slightly higher than that of the native ones. The MS EE data of individual proteinsshowed a clear trend of complex response in EE with pressure.
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| 41. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Human exposure to acrolein : Time-dependence and individual variation in eye irritation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 1382-6689 .- 1872-7077. ; 45, s. 20-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine the time dependence on sensory irritation detection following exposure to threshold levels of acrolein, in humans. The exposures occurred in an exposure chamber and the subjects were breathing fresh air through a mask that covered the nose and mouth. All participants participated in four exposure conditions, of which three consisted of a mixture of acrolein and heptane and one of only heptane. Exposure to acrolein at a concentration half of the TLV-C lead to sensory irritation. The perceived sensory irritation resulted in both increased detectability and sensory irritation after about6.8 min of exposure in 58% of the participants. The study confirm the previously suggested LOAEL of about 0.34 mg/m3 for eye irritation due to acrolein exposure. The sensory irritation was still significant 10 min after exposure. These results have implications for risk assessment and limit setting in occupational hygiene.
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| 42. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Symptom-trigger factors other than allergens in asthma and allergy
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Health Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0960-3123 .- 1369-1619. ; 26:4, s. 448-457
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several environmental exposures of particular relevance for indoor air quality, such as exposure to odorants, may be associated with asthma and allergy. The aim of this study was to investigate attribution of symptoms and behavioral disruptions to various chemical and physical environmental sources in persons with self-reported asthma and allergy. Data from a population-based study, the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study, were used to compare persons with asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, multiple diagnoses of asthma/allergy and no asthma or allergy. Persons with asthma and multiple diagnoses reported odorous/pungent and buildingrelated environmental factors to trigger symptoms to a larger extent than did the reference group, mainly due to perfume and odors from flowers. They also reported behavioral disruptions and affective reactions to odorous/ pungent environments. These findings increase the understanding of the role of odorants in symptom development and thereby the prevention of health problems in asthma and allergy in indoor air.
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| 43. |
- Dane, Louise, et al.
(författare)
-
Dubbla budskap om barns rättigheter
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet - Debatt. - 1101-2412. ; :2016-03-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Flera förslag på senare tid går ut på att vissa grupper av barn som vistas i Sverige ska vägras sina rättigheter. Men när det gäller barn finns i enlighet med barnkonventionen inte utrymme att ge olika rättigheter. Det skriver flera jurister gemensamt.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Dantoft, Thomas M., et al.
(författare)
-
Gene expression profiling in persons with multiple chemical sensitivity before and after a controlled n-butanol exposure session
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the pathophysiological pathways leading to symptoms elicitation in multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) by comparing gene expression in MCS participants and healthy controls before and after a chemical exposure optimised to cause symptoms among MCS participants.The first hypothesis was that unexposed and symptom-free MCS participants have similar gene expression patterns to controls and a second hypothesis that MCS participants can be separated from controls based on differential gene expression upon a controlled n-butanol exposure.DESIGN: Participants were exposed to 3.7 ppm n-butanol while seated in a windowed exposure chamber for 60 min. A total of 26 genes involved in biochemical pathways found in the literature have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of MCS and other functional somatic syndromes were selected. Expression levels were compared between MCS and controls before, within 15 min after being exposed to and 4 hours after the exposure.SETTINGS: Participants suffering from MCS and healthy controls were recruited through advertisement at public places and in a local newspaper.PARTICIPANTS: 36 participants who considered themselves sensitive were prescreened for eligibility. 18 sensitive persons fulfilling the criteria for MCS were enrolled together with 18 healthy controls.OUTCOME MEASURES: 17 genes showed sufficient transcriptional level for analysis. Group comparisons were conducted for each gene at the 3 times points and for the computed area under the curve (AUC) expression levels.RESULTS: MCS participants and controls displayed similar gene expression levels both at baseline and after the exposure and the computed AUC values were likewise comparable between the 2 groups. The intragroup variation in expression levels among MCS participants was noticeably greater than the controls.CONCLUSIONS: MCS participants and controls have similar gene expression levels at baseline and it was not possible to separate MCS participants from controls based on gene expression measured after the exposure.
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| 46. |
-
Doing Multidisciplinary Research on Religion : Methodological, Conceptual and Theoretical Challenges
- 2024
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Religion is increasingly visible in the contemporary world as a complexphenomenon – requiring multidisciplinary research to do justice to thecomplexity. Multidisciplinary research is however, though lauded bymany, notoriously difficult to bring into fruition.This volume takes on the challenge to bridge the gap. Contributionsformulate the challenges many have faced, but few yet analysed and putinto the hands of researchers concrete tools with which to set aboutdesigning and executing multidisciplinary research on religions, beliefsand religious behaviour. In an era where research funding increasinglyexpects interdisciplinary collaboration it provides guidance onconstructive pathways and pitfalls to avoid.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Edquist, Samuel, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Inledning
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Makten över information. - Uppsala : Centrum för mångvetenskaplig forskning om religion och samhälle (CRS), Uppsala universitet. ; , s. 3-7
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 49. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing different forest values: Evaluation of forest management scenarios in a multi-criteria decision analysis framework
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 103, s. 55-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Besides traditional timber production, other forest functions, such as biodiversity and recreation, have gained increasing importance during the last few decades. Demands on forests have become more diversified, thus making forest management and planning more complex. To meet these challenges, there is a growing interest in a more diversified silviculture, for which a number of different management options are available. However, it remains unclear how the various management options affect economic, ecological, and social aspects of sustainable forest management. Hence, in this study, we assess the consequences of various management options on different aspects of sustainable forest management through scenario analysis using a forestry decision support system. We evaluate 10 different forest management scenarios for two contrasting municipalities in Sweden, based on expert participation by way of a web-based multi-criteria decision analysis framework. We asked experts in economic, ecological, and social forest values, as well as those in reindeer husbandry, to weigh a number of indicators in their field of expertise against each other, and to create value functions for each indicator. We then determined scenario ranking for different sets of weights for economic, ecological and social forest values. Our results indicate that current management practices are favorable for economic aspects (wood production), while a number of scenarios would be better suited to fulfill the Swedish co-equal forest policy goal of production and consideration of environmental issues, such as scenarios with longer rotation periods, a larger share of set-asides and a higher share of continuous cover forestry. These measures would be beneficial not only for ecological values, but also for social values and for reindeer husbandry. Furthermore, we found that expert participation through the web-tool was a promising alternative to physical meetings that require more commitment in terms of time and resources.
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- Ejhed, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Belastning och påverkan från dagvatten : Källor till föroreningar i dagvatten, potentiell effekt, och jämförelser med belastning från andra källor
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SMED har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket tagit fram denna rapport om föroreningar och belastning från dagvatten. Studien är en del av ett Regeringsuppdrag ”Föreslå etappmål om dagvatten”. Syftet med projektet har varit att ta fram en sammanställning om belastning av föroreningar från dagvatten till vattenrecipienter. Primära källor, potentiella toxiska och hormonstörande effekter samt belastning på ytvatten har sammanställts och beräknats av ett urval av prioriterade ämnen och Särskilda Förorenande Ämnen (SFÄ) och omfattande sammanlagt 22 st näringsämnen, metaller och organiska miljöföroreningar. Dessa ämnen valdes ut eftersom de är kända ämnen i dagvatten, prioriterade ämnen av Vattenmyndigheterna på grund av att de orsakar att god kemisk eller ekologisk status inte uppnås i många vattenförekomster samt att det var möjligt att göra beräkningar av belastning av dessa tack vare att det fanns data tillgängligt. Dessa 22 ämnen har sådana ekologiska, toxiska och/eller hormonstörande effekter i akvatisk miljö att belastningen av samtliga av dessa ämnen bör begränsas eller helt förhindras. Dagvattnets påverkan och effekter på miljön har sammanställts utifrån tillgänglig litteratur. Studierna är dock få och av varierande karaktär, vilket gör det svårt att dra några generella slutsatser gällande dagvattnet påverkan.Antalet föroreningar i dagvatten kan dock vara många fler än de 22 utvalda ämnena. Uppmätta halter i dagvatten har sammanställts från Naturvårdsverkets Screeningdatabas i denna rapport och visar att 74 st ämnen förekommer i samtliga prover av dagvatten där de har analyserats, och ytterligare 117 st ämnen förekommer i en del av dagvattenproverna. Många är ämnen som ännu inte är prioriterade av vattenförvaltningen. Bland annat förekommer ofta metaller och grundämnen, vissa dioxiner och furaner, alkylfenoler, antioxidanter, bekämpningsmedel, kolväten, LAS (Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate) och olika flamskyddsmedel. Resultat av belastningsberäkningarna visar att dagvatten är en betydande spridningsväg till belastningen i recipienter för vissa ämnen trots att arealen tätort är mindre än 1% av Sveriges totala yta. För metallerna kadmium, zink, bly och koppar så har bidragen från dagvatten beräknats till mellan 15% och 17% av den totala belastningen till recipienter i Sverige och kan anses vara betydande belastning. I mellan 451 och 1090 st enskilda vattenförekomstområden är belastningen från dagvatten den dominerande spridningsvägen (>50% av total belastning) till de olika metallerna. Dagvatten utgör 100% av belastningen i 17 st vattenförekomster för koppar, zink och bly, i 12 st vattenförekomster för kadmium och nickel och i enbart 3 st vattenförekomster för kvicksilver. För de organiska ämnena är uppgifterna om utsläpp väldigt osäkra eller saknas helt för många källor till total belastning i Sverige, så som läckage från olika marktyper, jordbruksmark och skog, men de tillgängliga data och beräkningarna som gjorts indikerar att dagvatten utgör en viktig spridningsväg för PAH16, DEHP, Nonylfenol, HCH, TBT, PBDE, PFOS och PCB7 till vattenrecipienter.Betydande bidrag (>25%) till belastningen i dagvatten kommer ifrån mark inom tätorter som används till ”industri, handelsplats, grus- och sandtag, hamn och deponiverksamhet” för samtliga metaller, för nonylfenol (58%), PFOS (54%), PAH16 (40%), HCH (23%), PCB7 (23%), PBDE (22%) och oktylfenol (18%). Industri och handelsplats utgör den största arealen inom den markanvändningsklassen och bör prioriteras i det fortsatta arbetet. Industri och handelsplatser har höga typhalter och höga avrinningskoefficienter som orsakar den höga belastningen. Belastningen i dagvatten av ftalaten DEHP kommer däremot till största del ifrån ytor av ”enstaka hus, mycket grönyta” (35%), ”bostadsområde, mindre grönyta” (29%) samt ”urbant grönområde, idrottsanläggning, flygfält gräs” (25%). Markanvändningsklassen ”enstaka hus, mycket grönyta” utgör den största arealen totalt inom tätorter i Sverige (35% av arean), vilket innebär att den ytan bidrar med generellt stor belastning.Det finns stora osäkerheter i resultaten beroende bland annat på brist på mätningar av ämnen i dagvatten. Beräkningarna i denna rapport baseras på markanvändning som sammanställts av SMED till HELCOM Pollution Load Compilation (PLC7) rapporteringen, typhalter och avrinningskoefficienter inom tätorter från Stormtac databasen samt rapporterade utsläpp i miljörapporter från avloppsreningsverk och industrier i Svenska Miljörapporteringsportalen. Framförallt för organiska ämnen är dataunderlaget litet, vilket gör dessa uppskattningar mer osäkra. Utökad miljöövervakning av metaller och organiska ämnen behövs för att kunna följa trender och sätta in rätt åtgärder uppströms vid källorna och nedströms genom rening av dagvatten.Det stora antalet ämnen som har uppmätts i dagvatten och den betydande belastningen som dagvatten har beräknats bidra med, indikerar trots osäkerheterna på att miljöproblemen med dagvatten kan vara omfattande. Påverkan i form av eventuella överskridanden av miljökvalitetsnormer i recipienterna har inte kunnat beräknas inom ramen för detta projekt.
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