| 1. |
- Andersen, J., et al.
(författare)
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The soft X-ray laser project at MAX IV
- 2017
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Ingår i: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - : Joint Accelerator Conferences Website - JACoW. - 9783954501823 ; , s. 2760-2762
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Soft X-ray Laser (SXL) beamline utilising FEL technology is being designed for the Short Pulse Facility (SPF) at the MAX IV Laboratory. A conceptual design study has been started following on the scientific case already prepared in collaboration between several Swedish Universities and driven by a strong (Swedish) user demand. The baseline goal of the SXL beamline is to generate intense and short pulses in the range 1-5 nm (0.2-1 keV). The system is building on the MAX IV linac system, already today providing 100 fs 3 GeV and pulses compressed to 100 fs for other applications within the SPF. As a special feature we foresee a variety of pump-probe capabilities.
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| 2. |
- Curbis, F., et al.
(författare)
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Status of the soft X-ray laser (SXL) project at the Max IV laboratory
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 39th International Free-Electron Laser Conference, FEL 2019. - : JACoW Publishing. - 9783954502103 ; , s. 749-752
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Soft X-ray Laser project (the SXL) aiming to produce FEL radiation in the range of 1 to 5 nm is currently in a conceptual design phase and a report on the design is expected to be delivered by March 2021. The FEL will be driven by the existing 3 GeV linac at MAX IV laboratory, which also serves as injector for the two storage rings. The science case has been pushed by a large group of mainly Swedish users and consists of experiments ranging from AMO physics to condensed matter, chemistry and imaging in life science. In this contribution, we will present the current conceptual design of the accelerator and the FEL operation modes together with a general overview of the beamline and experimental station. In particular design options for the FEL will be discussed in conjunction with the features of the electron beam from the MAX IV linac and the connection with the proposed experiments.
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| 3. |
- McKenna, P., et al.
(författare)
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Lateral electron transport in high-intensity laser-irradiated foils diagnosed by ion emission
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 98:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental investigation of lateral electron transport in thin metallic foil targets irradiated by ultraintense (>= 10(19) W/cm(2)) laser pulses is reported. Two-dimensional spatially resolved ion emission measurements are used to quantify electric-field generation resulting from electron transport. The measurement of large electric fields (similar to 0.1 TV/m) millimeters from the laser focus reveals that lateral energy transport continues long after the laser pulse has decayed. Numerical simulations confirm a very strong enhancement of electron density and electric field at the edges of the target.
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| 4. |
- Carroll, D. C., et al.
(författare)
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A modified Thomson parabola spectrometer for high resolution multi-MeV ion measurements-Application to laser-driven ion acceleration
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 620:1, s. 23-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel Thomson parabola ion spectrometer design is presented, in which a gradient electric field configuration is employed to enable a compact design capable of high resolution measurements of ion energy and charge-to-mass ratio. Practical issues relating to the use of the spectrometer for measurement of ion acceleration in high-power laser-plasma experiments are discussed. Example experimental results for ion acceleration from petawatt-class laser interactions with thin gold target foils are presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Clarke, R. J., et al.
(författare)
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Detection of short lived radioisotopes as a fast diagnostic for intense laser-solid interactions
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 89:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a diagnostic of high-intensity laser interactions (> 10(19) W cm(-2)), the detection of radioactive isotopes is regularly used for the characterization of proton, neutron, ion, and photon beams. This involves sample removal from the interaction chamber and time consuming post shot analysis using NaI coincidence counting or Ge detectors. This letter describes the use of in situ detectors to measure laser-driven (p,n) reactions in Al-27 as an almost real-time diagnostic for proton acceleration. The produced Si-27 isotope decays with a 4.16 s half-life by the predominantly beta+ emission, producing a strong 511 keV annihilation peak. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.
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| 6. |
- Curbis, F, et al.
(författare)
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HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT OF THE SOFT X-RAY LASER AT MAX IV
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IPAC2021.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The SXL (Soft X-ray Laser) project developed a conceptual design for a soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the 1-5 nm wavelength range, driven by the existing MAX IV 3 GeV linac. In this contribution we will focus on the FEL operation modes developed for the first phase of the project based on two different linac modes. The design work was supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation and by several Swedish universities and organizations (
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Neely, D., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced proton beams from ultrathin targets driven by high contrast laser pulses
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 89:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generation of proton beams from ultrathin targets, down to 20 nm in thickness, driven with ultrahigh contrast laser pulses is explored. the conversion efficiency from laser energy into protons increases as the foil thickness is decreased, with good beam quality and high efficiencies of 1% being achieved, for protons with kinetic energy exceeding 0.9 MeV, for 100 nm thick aluminum foils at intensities of 10(19) W/cm(2) with 33 fs, 0.3 J pulses. To minimize amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) induced effects disrupting the acceleration mechanism, exceptional laser to ASE intensity contrasts of up to 1010 are achieved by introducing a plasma mirror to the high contrast 10 Hz multiterawatt laser at the Lund Laser Centre. It is shown that for a given laser energy on target, regimes of higher laser-to-proton energy conversion efficiency. can be accessed with increasing contrast. The increasing efficiency as the target thickness decreases is closely correlated to an increasing proton temperature. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Backman, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Monthlong Intubated Patient with Life-Threatening COVID-19 and Cerebral Microbleeds Suffers Only Mild Cognitive Sequelae at 8-Month Follow-up : A Case Report
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archives of clinical neuropsychology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0887-6177 .- 1873-5843. ; 37:2, s. 531-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To elaborate on possible cognitive sequelae related to COVID-19, associated cerebrovascular injuries as well as the general consequences from intensive care. COVID-19 is known to have several, serious CNS-related consequences, but neuropsychological studies of severe COVID-19 are still rare.Methods: M., a 45-year-old man, who survived a severe COVID-19 disease course including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), cerebral microbleeds, and 35 days of mechanical ventilation, is described. We elaborate on M’s recovery and rehabilitation process from onset to the 8-month follow-up. The cognitive functions were evaluated with a comprehensive screening battery at 4 weeks after extubation and at the 8-month follow-up.Results: Following extubation, M. was delirious, reported visual hallucinations, and had severe sleeping difficulties. At about 3 months after COVID-19 onset, M. showed mild to moderate deficits on tests measuring processing speed, working memory, and attention. At assessments at 8 months, M. performed better, with results above average on tests measuring learning, memory, word fluency, and visuospatial functions. Minor deficits were still found regarding logical reasoning, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. There were no lingering psychiatric symptoms. While M. had returned to a part-time job, he was not able to resume previous work-tasks.Conclusion: This case-study demonstrates possible cognitive deficits after severe COVID-19 and emphasizes the need of a neuropsychological follow-up, with tests sensitive to minor deficits. The main findings of this report provide some support that the long-term prognosis for cognition in severe COVID-19 may be hopeful.
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| 12. |
- Batani, D., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of laser prepulse on proton generation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 620:1, s. 76-82
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-intensity laser prepulse ( < 10(13) W/cm(2), ns duration) are a major issue in experiments on laser-generation of protons, often limiting the performances of proton sources produced by high-intensity lasers (approximate to 10(19) W/cm(2), ps or fs duration) Several effects are associated to the prepulse and are discussed in this contribution: i) Destruction of thin foil targets by the shock generated by the laser prepulse ii) Creation of preplasma on target front side affecting laser absorption iii) Deformation of target rear side iv) Whole displacement of thin foil targets affecting focusing condition In particular, we show that under oblique high-intensity irradiation and for low prepulse intensities, the proton beam is directed away from the target normal. Deviation is towards the laser forward direction, with an angle that increases with the level and duration of the ASE pedestal. Also, for a given laser pulse, beam deviation increases with proton energy. The observations are discussed in terms of Target Normal Sheath Acceleration, in combination with a laser-controllable shock wave locally deforming the target surface. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Batani, D., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of laser prepulse on proton generation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-0150 .- 1029-4953. ; 165:6-10, s. 794-802
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prepulse is a major issue for laser generation of protons, often limiting the performances of laser sources. Here, we show the use of prepulse (1013W/cm2, ns duration) to actively manipulate the proton beam direction. Under oblique high-intensity irradiation (approximate to 1019W/cm2, ps duration) of the thin foil target, and for low prepulse intensities, the proton beam is directed away from the ounperturbedo target normal. Observations are discussed in terms of target normal sheath acceleration, in combination with a laser-controllable shock locally deforming the target surface.
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| 14. |
- Batani, D., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of laser prepulses on laser-induced proton generation
- 2010
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-intensity laser prepulses (<10(13) W cm(-2), nanosecond duration) are a major issue in experiments on laser-induced generation of protons, often limiting the performances of proton sources produced by high-intensity lasers (approximate to 10(19) W cm(-2), picosecond or femtosecond duration). Depending on the intensity regime, several effects may be associated with the prepulse, some of which are discussed in this paper: (i) destruction of thin foil targets by the shock generated by the laser prepulse; (ii) creation of preplasma on the target front side affecting laser absorption; (iii) deformation of the target rear side; and (iv) whole displacement of thin foil targets affecting the focusing condition. In particular, we show that under oblique high-intensity irradiation and for low prepulse intensities, the proton beam is directed away from the target normal. Deviation is towards the laser forward direction, with an angle that increases with the level and duration of the ASE pedestal. Also, for a given laser pulse, the beam deviation increases with proton energy. The observations are discussed in terms of target normal sheath acceleration, in combination with a laser-controllable shock wave locally deforming the target surface.
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| 15. |
- Carroll, DC, et al.
(författare)
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Active manipulation of the spatial energy distribution of laser-accelerated proton beams
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics). - 1539-3755. ; 76:065401(R), s. 1-065401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatial energy distributions of beams of protons accelerated by ultrahigh intensity (>10^19 W/cm2) picosecond laser pulse interactions with thin foil targets are investigated. Using separate, low intensity (<10^13 W/cm2) nanosecond laser pulses, focused onto the front surface of the target foil prior to the arrival of the high intensity pulse, it is demonstrated that the proton beam profile can be actively manipulated. In particular, results obtained with an annular intensity distribution at the focus of the low intensity beam are presented, showing smooth proton beams with a sharp circular boundary at all energies, which represents a significant improvement in the beam quality compared to irradiation with the picosecond beam alone.
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| 16. |
- Carroll, David C., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic control and enhancement of laser-accelerated protons using multiple laser pulses
- 2009
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Ingår i: Comptes Rendus. Physique. - : Elsevier BV. - 1631-0705. ; 10:2-3, s. 188-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of schemes involving multiple laser pulses to enhance and control the properties of beams of protons accelerated in ultra-intense laser irradiation of planar foil targets is discussed. Specifically, the schemes include the use of a second laser pulse to produce and control preplasma expansion of the target to enhance energy coupling to the proton beam; the use of a second laser pulse to drive shock deformation of the target to change the direction of the proton beam; and a scheme involving dual high intensity laser pulses to change the properties of the sheath field, with the aim of modifying the proton energy spectrum. An overview of our recent experimental and theoretical results is given. The overall aim of this work is to determine the extent to which the properties of the sheath-accelerated proton beam can be optically controlled, to enable beam delivery at high repetition rates. To cite this article: D.C. Carroll et al., C. R. Physique 10 (2009). (C) 2009 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Forward, Daren P., et al.
(författare)
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Intercarpal ligament injuries associated with fractures of the distal part of the radius
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. - 1535-1386. ; 89A:11, s. 2334-2340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Soft-tissue injuries of the wrist are often not recognized in patients with distal radial fractures, yet scapholunate injuries have been reported to occur in association with as many as 54% of distal radial fractures. The true prevalence and natural history of intercarpal ligament injury are not known. Methods: This prospective observational study assessed the prevalence and one-year outcome of intercarpal ligament injuries in non-osteoporotic patients with displaced fractures of the distal part of the radius. The study group consisted of fifty-one patients (twenty-seven women and twenty-four men) with a median age of forty-one years (range, twenty to fifty-seven years). Patients underwent standard fracture treatment and, in addition, wrist arthroscopy was performed to identify associated carpal injuries. No ligamentous injuries were treated. Patients were reviewed at one year and underwent physical and radiographic evaluation. Patients were analyzed according to the status of the scapholunate ligament at the time of the injury and were graded with use of a modification of the Geissler classification system: Group I consisted of ten patients with a grade-3 scapholunate ligament injury, and Group II consisted of forty-one patients with a grade-0, 1, or 2 injury. Results: Patients with an increase in ulnar variance of >2 mm at the time of the injury had a fourfold increase in the risk of sustaining a grade-3 scapholunate ligament injury (p = 0.01). Radiographically, at one year, patients in Group I (grade-3 injuries) had a greater amount of static and dynamic scapholunate dissociation and a significantly greater increase in the scapholunate angle in comparison with the uninjured wrist (p = 0.006) than did those in Group II. Intra-articular fractures were associated with a twofold increase in the prevalence of scapholunate dissociation as seen radiographically at one year. The prevalence of subjective pain on examination was significantly greater in Group I than in Group II (p = 0.009). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to objective outcome according to range of motion and hand grip and tip pinch strengths. Lunotriquetral injuries were uncommon and did not correlate with the scapholunate injuries, fracture grade, or configuration. Conclusions: Grade-3 scapholunate ligament tears can be associated with ulnar positive variance at the time of initial presentation of a distal radial fracture and can be associated with more scapholunate joint pain at one year. These injuries could lead to scapholunate dissociation at the time of follow-up, particularly in patients with intra-articular fractures.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ivanov, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Studying the effect of oxygen content on the electron structure of Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 by means of photoelectron spectromicroscopy
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. - 1063-7761. ; 105:1, s. 241-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the electron structure of the surface layer of Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 (NCCO) epitaxial films, which were caused by variation of the oxygen content and modification of the crystal structure of samples as a result of Ar+ ion etching and annealing, have been studied by means of photoelectron spectromicroscopy. A method is proposed for the cleaning the surface of oxygen-containing superconductors, which includes sequential stages of deep ion etching, high-temperature annealing in an oxygen-containing atmosphere (for the structural recovery and saturation with oxygen), a short-term ion etching (for the removal of an adsorbed layer of the oxidizer), and the final vacuum annealing of radiation-induced effects. The application of this procedure to NCCO films allowed an electron structure to be obtained, which was identical to that inherent in the surface of single crystals cleaved in situ in the measurement chamber.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Lundh, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Active steering of laser-accelerated ion beams
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951. ; 92:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A technique for optical control of the spatial distribution of laser-accelerated ion beams is presented. An ultra-short laser pulse, tightly focused to relativistic intensities on a thin foil target, drives a beam of MeV ions. An auxiliary, nanosecond laser pulse drives a shock and locally deforms the initially flat target prior to the main pulse interaction. By changing the properties of the shock-driving laser pulse, the normal direction of the ion emitting surface is locally manipulated and the emission direction is thereby controlled. In the future, this method could be used to achieve dynamic control of the ion beam divergence.
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| 22. |
- Lundh, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of shock waves on laser-driven proton acceleration
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics). - 1539-3755. ; 76:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of shock waves, driven by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), on laser-accelerated proton beams is investigated. A local deformation, produced by a cold shock wave launched by the ablation pressure of the ASE pedestal, can under oblique laser irradiation significantly direct the proton beam toward the laser axis. This can be understood in the frame of target normal sheath acceleration as proton emission from an area of the target where the local target normal is shifted toward the laser axis. Hydrodynamic simulations and experimental data show that there exists a window in laser and target parameter space where the target can be significantly deformed and yet facilitate efficient proton acceleration. The dependence of the magnitude of the deflection on target material, foil thickness, and ASE pedestal intensity and duration is experimentally investigated. The deflection angle is found to increase with increasing ASE intensity and duration and decrease with increasing target thickness. In a comparison between aluminum and copper target foils, aluminum is found to yield a larger proton beam deflection. An analytic model is successfully used to predict the proton emission direction.
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| 23. |
- Mangles, S. P. D., et al.
(författare)
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On the stability of laser wakefield electron accelerators in the monoenergetic regime
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physics of Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-664X .- 1089-7674. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of plasma density and laser energy on the stability of laser produced monoenergetic electron beams are investigated. Fluctuations in the principal beam parameters, namely, electron energy, energy-spread, charge, and pointing, are demonstrated to be minimized at low densities. This improvement in stability is attributed to the reduced time for pulse evolution required before self-injection occurs; i.e., that the pulse is closest to the matched conditions for these densities. It is also observed that electrons are only consistently produced above a density-dependent energy threshold. These observations are consistent with there being a threshold intensity (a(0)greater than or similar to 3) required for the occurrence of self-injection after accounting for pulse compression. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
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| 24. |
- McKenna, P, et al.
(författare)
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High-intensity laser-driven proton acceleration: influence of pulse contrast
- 2006
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science. - : The Royal Society. - 1364-503X .- 1471-2962. ; 364:1840, s. 711-723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proton acceleration from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with thin foil targets at intensities greater than 10(18) W cm(-2) is discussed. An overview of the physical processes giving rise to the generation of protons with multi-MeV energies, in well defined beams with excellent spatial quality, is presented. Specifically, the discussion centres on the influence of laser pulse contrast on the spatial and energy distributions of accelerated proton beams. Results from an ongoing experimental investigation of proton acceleration using the 10 Hz multi-terawatt Ti : sapphire laser (35 fs, 35 TW) at the Lund Laser Centre are discussed. It is demonstrated that a window of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) conditions exist, for which the direction of proton emission is sensitive to the ASE-pedestal preceding the peak of the laser pulse, and that by significantly improving the temporal contrast, using plasma mirrors, efficient proton acceleration is observed from target foils with thickness less than 50 nm.
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| 25. |
- McKenna, P, et al.
(författare)
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Low- and medium-mass ion acceleration driven by petawatt laser plasma interactions
- 2007
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - 0741-3335. ; 49:B223, s. 223-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental investigation of low- and medium-mass ion acceleration from resistively heated thin foil targets, irradiated by picosecond laser pulses at intensities up to 5 × 10^20 Wcm−2, is reported. It is found that the spectral distributions of ions, up to multi-MeV/nucleon energies, accelerated from the rear surface of the target are broadly consistent with previously reported measurements made at intensities up to 5 × 10^19 Wcm−2. Properties of the backward-directed beams of ions accelerated from the target front surface are also measured, and it is found that, compared with the rear surface, higher ion numbers and charges, and similar ion energies are produced. Additionally, the scaling of the maximum ion energy as a function of ion charge and laser intensity are measured and compared with the predictions of a numerical model.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Robson, L, et al.
(författare)
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Scaling of proton acceleration driven by petawatt-laser-plasma interactions
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-2473 .- 1745-2481. ; 3:58, s. 58-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of using high-power lasers to generate high-quality beams of energetic ions is attracting large global interest. The prospect of using laser-accelerated protons in medicine attracts particular interest, as these schemes may lead to compact and relatively low-cost sources. Among the challenges remaining before these sources can be used in medicine is to increase the numbers and energies of the ions accelerated. Here, we extend the energy and intensity range over which proton scaling is experimentally investigated, up to 400 J and 6×10^20 Wcm−2 respectively, and find a slower proton scaling than previously predicted. With the aid of plasma-expansion simulation tools, our results suggest the importance of time-dependent andmultidimensional effects in predicting the maximum proton energy in this ultrahigh-intensity regime. The implications of our new understanding of proton scaling for potential medical applications are discussed.
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| 29. |
- Tsetlin, M. B., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Epitaxial Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4-y Film Surface by Low Energy Electron Diffractometry
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal Of Surface Investigation-X-Ray Synchrotron And Neutron Techniques. - 1027-4510. ; 2:6, s. 928-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The surface of epitaxial Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4-y(001) (NCCO) film has been studied by low energy electron diffractometry (LEED) and photoelectron spectroscopy. Ar+ ion etching of a surface with subsequent annealing in oxygen at atmosphere pressure has been found to lead to the ordered structure restoration of surface layers with the symmetry type and lattice parameters corresponding to the NCCO phase. Annealing in vacuum at temperatures close to the boundary of thermodynamic phase stability results in the formation of epitaxial Ce0.5Nd0.5O1.75 phase on a surface that is indicated in the LEED pattern as additional spots corresponding to the surface lattice (root 2 x root 2) R45 degrees.
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