| 1. |
- Hedman, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Receiving support to quit smoking and quit attempts among smokers with and without smoking related diseases : Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Tobacco Induced Diseases. - Heraklion : European Publishing. - 1617-9625. ; 16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION Having a chronic disease either caused or worsened by tobacco smoking does not always translate into quitting smoking. Although smoking cessation is one of the most cost-effective medical interventions, it remains poorly implemented in healthcare settings. The aim was to examine whether smokers with chronic and respiratory diseases were more likely to receive support to quit smoking by a healthcare provider or make a quit attempt than smokers without these diseases.METHODS This population-based study included a sample of 6011 adult smokers in six European countries. The participants were interviewed face-to-face and asked questions on sociodemographic characteristics, current diagnoses for chronic diseases, healthcare visits in the last 12 months and, if so, whether they had received any support to quit smoking. Questions on smoking behavior included nicotine dependence, motivation to quit smoking and quit attempts in the last 12 months. The results are presented as weighted percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and as adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI based on logistic regression analyses.RESULTS Smokers with chronic respiratory disease, those aged 55 years and older, as well as those with one or more chronic diseases were more likely to receive smoking cessation advice from a healthcare professional. Making a quit attempt in the last year was related to younger age, high educational level, higher motivation to quit, lower nicotine dependence and having received advice to quit from a healthcare professional but not with having chronic diseases. There were significant differences between countries with smokers in Romania consistently reporting more support to quit as well as quit attempts.CONCLUSIONS Although smokers with respiratory disease did indeed receive smoking cessation support more often than smokers without disease, many smokers did not receive any advice or support to quit during a healthcare visit.
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| 2. |
- Hedqvist, Ann-Therese, Doktorand, et al.
(författare)
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In pursuit of integrated care : Interprofessional collaboration in transitional care for older people with complex care needs
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Presented at the Nordic Conference in Nursing Research, Reykjavik, Iceland, October 2-4, 2023.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Contemporary healthcare systems are based on a reductionist, biomedical paradigm maladapted to meet the needs of an aging population with multimorbidity. Integrated care and interprofessional collaboration are suggested to connect the different parts of healthcare. However, how this can be realised is less understood.The aim of the study was to develop a deeper understanding of how interprofessional collaboration across care providers in transitional care is conducted to achieve integrated care for older people with complex care needs.Method:Using constructivist grounded theory, observations and interviews were conducted with healthcare and social care professionals (n=86) from a multidisciplinary and cross-stakeholder perspective in a region in Sweden.Results:Interprofessional collaboration in transitional care emerges as a continuum of "Moving from fragmentation to coupling and integration through collaborative efforts". On the lowest level of integration, professionals are working in organisational “silos” that are difficult to cross, as each specialist's expert knowledge is necessary for the vulnerable patient´s wellbeing. Patients´ perception of seamless care is facilitated by the mutual sharing of patient data across organizations through integrated information systems. The highest level of integration is consolidated as the interprofessional team collaborates on a pronounced common ground with a shared mental map of the goals of care, constructing unity for the older person and their family.Conclusion:To achieve seamless transitional care for older people with complex care needs, clear boundaries and liability areas are necessary, and actors in interprofessional teams are required to assume responsibility across conceivable gaps across organizations.
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| 3. |
- Hedqvist, Ann-Therese, Doktorand, et al.
(författare)
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Interlacing the threads of seamless care : Interprofessional collaboration in care transitions for older people with complex care needs
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Integrated Care. - : Ubiquity Press. ; , s. 360-360
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Current healthcare systems are not optimally designed to meet the needs of aging populations. With shorter hospital stays, fewer hospital beds, and fragmentation of the healthcare system, older people with complex care needs are recognised as particularly vulnerable. This development further increases the demands on older people and their family to assume responsibility of own health, and to navigate through the healthcare system, knowing of when and where to seek help. In care transitions, an interprofessional collaboration across care providers is considered as a path to deliver seamless care. Still, it seems hard to achieve.Aim and Method: The aim of the study is to explore interprofessional collaboration in care transitions from inpatient care to home healthcare for older people with complex care needs.Care transitions involve a variety of healthcare teams across stakeholder boundaries. Hence, to study this extensive process, an explorative qualitative methodology was chosen, using Constructivist Grounded Theory. The sampling approach was guided by the continuous analysis of the collected data, utilizing a theoretical sampling. Fifty-nine multidisciplinary healthcare and social care professionals (HSCP) from different stakeholders were recruited. Document analysis, participatory observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed according to Charmaz.Results: Collaborating for a comprehensive care of older people with complex care needs emerges as interlacing the different threads of care to construct seamless care. Organizational gaps and legislations divide the HSCP as they strive to perform safe care within system boundaries, limited by interdependencies and communication organized in silos. Care is integrated as HSCP assumes accountability by going above and beyond their responsibility, constructing unity for the older person and their family. Seamless care is facilitated when information systems are integrated and by mutual sharing of patient data across organizations. To achieve seamless care for older people with complex care needs, HSCP need to adapt the delivery of care to the older person’s needs and resources instead of performing care as per organizational boundaries and conditions. Further, the autonomy of older people and their families need to be strengthened, including them as partners in the collaboration and coordination of care.Conclusions: Care efforts for older people with complex care needs are visualized as threads that together create a comprehensive care. To weave the threads together, a collaborative effort is required, strengthening the autonomy of the older person and their family, supported by integrated information systems that coordinate the care seamlessly.Implications and limitations: This study contributes to the understanding of interprofessional collaboration in care transitions of older people with complex care needs. Key strengths include the rich data and multidisciplinary perspective on providing integrated care. Limitations concern the absence of patient, family and informal caregivers’ involvement which should be included in further studies.
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| 4. |
- Josefsson, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Continuation rates of oral hormonal contraceptives in a cohort of first-time users : a population-based registry study, Sweden 2005–2010
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 3:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate if continuation rates in first-time users of oral hormonal contraceptives differed between different formulations and to measure if the rates were related to the prescribing categories, that is, physicians and midwives.Design: A longitudinal national population-based registry study.Setting: The Swedish prescribed drug register.Participants: All women born between 1977 and 1994 defined as first-time users of hormonal contraceptives from 2007 to 2009 (n=226211).Main outcome measures: A tendency to switch the type of hormonal contraceptive within 6months use and repeated dispensation identical to the first were estimated as percentages and relative risks (RRs). Physicians' and midwives' prescription patterns concerning the women's continuation rates of oral hormonal contraceptive type.Results: In Sweden, there were 782375 women born between 1977 and 1994 at the time of the study. Of these, 226211 women were identified as first-time users of hormonal contraceptives. Ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel, desogestrel-only and ethinylestradiol+drospirenone were the hormonal contraceptives most commonly dispensed to first-time users at rates of 43.3%, 24.4% and 11.1%, respectively. The overall rate of switching contraceptive types in the first 6months was 11.3%, which was highest for desogestrel-only (14.3%) and lowest for ethinylestradiol+drospirenone (6.6%). The switching rate for all three products was highest in the 16-year to 19-year age group. Having a repeated dispensation identical to the initial dispensation was highest for users of ethinylestradiol either combined with levonorgestrel or drospirenone, 81.4% and 81.2%, respectively, whereas this rate for the initial desogestrel-only users was 71.5%. The RR of switching of contraceptive type within the first 6months was 1.35 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.39) for desogestrel-only and 0.63 (0.59 to 0.66) for ethinylestradiol+drospirenone compared with ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel as the reference category. There were no differences in the women's continuation rates depending on the prescriber categories.Conclusions: Desogestrel-only users conferred the highest switcher rate to another hormonal contraceptive within a 6-month period. Users of ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel were more prone to switch to another product within 6months than women using ethinylestradiol+drospirenone. These findings may be of clinical importance when tailoring hormonal contraceptives on an individual basis.
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| 5. |
- Lindberg, Aleksandra, 1990-
(författare)
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Selectivity and gas composition in electrochemical systems by mass spectrometry
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis presents experimental studies of gaseous products of two electrochemical systems: the chlorate process and the nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery, employing mass spectrometry.The cathodic efficiency for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of the chlorate process was investigated by employing ex-situ synthesized MnOx electrodes. Without the addition of toxic chromium (VI), used today in industry, high cathodic efficiency was achieved. The effect of different annealing temperatures in the electrode preparation on HER efficiency was examined. The addition of 1000 times lower concentrations of chromium (VI) than used in the industry today, together with in-situ added molybdate,showed promising results in keeping high cathodic efficiency and selectivity towards HER. The evolution of oxygen decreases anodic efficiency and also presents a safety risk due to simultaneously proceeding of HER in the undivided cell. The amount of produced oxygen by two types of electrodes TiRu and TiRuSnSb, was followed. Oxygen is produced by homogenous hypochlorite decomposition, heterogeneously by different electrode surface present in the electrolyte solution and anodically during the electrolysis i.e. electrochemically.Investigating gas composition in batteries presents a challenge due to the complexity of reactions leading to the gas evolution.Additionally, the gas consumption has a significant impact on the amount and constituents of the collected gases. The methodology for investigating gas composition of the NiMH battery without influencing the battery performance was established. Two technologies, sampler and microcapillary, gave reasonable and complementing results.
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| 6. |
- Lindberg, Malou, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in prescription rates and odds ratios of antidepressant drugs in relation to individual hormonal contraceptives: A nationwide population-based study with age-specific analyses
- 2012
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Ingår i: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 17:2, s. 106-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To examine, among young women, the association of individual hormonal contraceptives, within two broad groupings, with antidepressant therapy. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods In a nationwide register-based study, we examined the prescription rates of antidepressant drugs in relation to individual combined hormonal and progestin-only contraceptives among Swedish women aged 16-31 years (N = 917,993). Drug data were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register for the period 1 July 2005-30 June 2008. Data on the total population of women aged 16-31 in 2008 were obtained from the Total Population Register of Statistics Sweden. The proportion of women using both hormonal contraception and antidepressants, and odds ratios (ORs) for antidepressant use for hormonal contraceptive users versus non-users, were calculated, the latter by logistic regression, for each formulation. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults The highest antidepressant OR in all age groups, particularly in the 16-19 years age group, related to medroxyprogesterone-only, followed by etonogestrel-only, levonorgestrel-only and ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin formulations. Oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol combined with lynestrenol or drospirenone had considerably higher ORs than other pills. ORs significantly lower than 1 were observed when ethinylestradiol was combined with norethisterone, levonorgestrel or desogestrel. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion The association between use of hormonal contraceptives and antidepressant drugs varies considerably within both the combined hormonal contraceptive and the progestin-only groups.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Roj-Lindberg, Ann-Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to equation solving for a new generation of algebra learners
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings Of The Tenth Congress Of The European Society For Research In Mathematics Education (CERME10). ; , s. 496-503
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding of equality and solving equations are some of the big ideas in algebra. They have been in focus in early algebra research for some decades and in many countries it is now usual to work with equalities and solving equations using informal methods from early school years. However, it is not clear how the transition to formal methods of equation solving could be conducted in order to maintain students' interest and enhance their algebraic understanding. We shed light on the issue by reporting on what happens when three teachers introduce equation solving with formal methods in Grade 6 (age of 12) in Finland. We especially consider how the introduction could support students' development of an algebraic understanding of equality and their engagement in more formal mathematics.
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| 9. |
- Stridsman, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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The first years of the Swedish National Airway register
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : ERS Publications. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56:Suppl 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The Swedish National Airway Register (SNAR) was initiated to improve and ensure quality of care for patients with asthma and COPD.Aim: To describe the register design of SNAR and unique patients between the years of 2014 until 2019.Methods: SNAR has been ongoing since 2013 and includes patients with asthma (both children and adults) and COPD from primary and secondary care (both in- and outpatients). Data about healthcare provider, symptoms, comorbidities, additional investigations (i.e. spirometry) and prescribed treatment is registered. The registrations are performed manually by healthcare professionals, or directly transmitted from medical records to a web-based platform.Results: In 2019, 853 primary care clinics, 125 secondary care clinics (whereof 62 pediatric clinics) and 24 inpatient wards were linked to the register. Data was directly transmitted from medical records of about 80% of the clinics, and manually by 20%. The register includes in total 205833 unique patients with asthma and 80372 with COPD. Registrations of new patients and follow-up visits in 2019 applied 73788 patients with asthma (58% women, mean age 44yr) whereof 10190 were <11yr and 6248 were 12-17yr, 33276 with COPD (57% women, mean age 73yr), and 5013 with both asthma and COPD (ACO) (61% women, mean age 71yr). In COPD, the proportion of patients in GOLD 1-4 were; GOLD1 15%, GOLD2 55%, GOLD3 25% GOLD4 5%. During 2019, 1506 registered patients with asthma and 3791 with COPD died.Conclusion: The SNAR has cumulatively registered over 280000 individuals and provides a unique insight into the care of patients with asthma and COPD in Sweden.
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| 10. |
- Wiréhn, Ann-Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Use of hormonal contraceptives in relation to antidepressant therapy: A nationwide population-based study
- 2010
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Ingår i: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 15:1, s. 41-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The relation between the use of different hormonal contraceptives and antidepressant therapy was investigated. METHODS: In a nationwide cross-sectional study among all women in Sweden aged 16-31, drug expenditure data on hormonal contraceptives and antidepressants were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Odds ratios (ORs) for antidepressant use were calculated by logistic regression for progestin-only users versus non-users as well as for combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) users versus non-users. RESULTS: In the study population (N = 917,993), 58.9% were hormonal contraceptive users, and 8.5% were antidepressant users. The age-pattern for antidepressant ORs differed between the two types of users of contraceptives; progestin-only users had significant ORs above 1 in all age groups whereas among CHC users the OR was above 1 solely in those aged 16-19. The largest difference between types of users was seen in the age group 16-19 in which women resorting to a progestin-only contraceptive had a 67% (95% confidence interval: 57- 78%) higher antidepressant use than women treated with a CHC. CONCLUSION: Progestin-only contraceptive users resorted to antidepressants more than users of CHCs. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced among teenagers. Therefore, special attention should be given to young women's mental history when prescribing hormonal contraceptives and vice versa: the contraceptive history should be taken into account when prescribing antidepressants.
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| 11. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-
(författare)
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The Role of Causal Attribution and Self-Focused Attention for Shyness
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka på vilket sätt och i vilken utsträckning blyga personer skiljer sig från icke-blyga personer med avseende på deras attributionsmönster. Resultaten från 3 kvantitativa och 1 kvalitativ studie visar en något annorlunda bild av hur blyghet relaterar till social kognition jämfört med tidigare forskning i området. Följande 4 huvudsakliga slutsatser drogs. (1) Blyga personer har inte nödvändigtvis en snedvriden social kognition eftersom de uppvisade en mindre aktörs–observatörsskillnad jämfört med icke-blyga personer. (2) Det är sannolikt att blyga och självfokuserade personer bedömer sina emotionella reaktioner som orsakade av stabila interna orsaker snarare än mindre stabila interna och externa orsaker. Om blyga personer är mindre självfokuserade så tenderar dessa personer ändå att uppvisa detta attributionsmönster. (3) Blyghet snarare än beteendemässig inhibition har betydelse för vilka orsaker som tillskrivs emotionella reaktioner medan blyghet och beteendemässig inhibition interagerar när det gäller i vilken grad fritt valda orsaker upplevs vara orsakade av interna respektive externa faktorer. En slutsats av dessa resultat är att fortsatt forskning bör fokusera hur människor i sin vardag förklarar sina egna och andra människors beteenden och reaktioner. (4) Mycket blyga personer kan uppleva identitetsförvirring samt kan ha en ambivalent önskan om att vara blyg samtidigt som blygheten försvinner. Trots att dessa resultat pekar på ganska allvarliga konsekvenser av att vara blyg så verkar blyghet generellt betraktas i ett ganska positivt ljus.
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| 12. |
- Arakelian, Erebouni, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of person-centred care in the perioperative nursing context from the patient's perspective : an integrative review
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 26:17-18, s. 2527-2544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the meaning of person-centred care from the patient's perspective and in the context of perioperative nursing. BACKGROUND: Person-centred care (PCC) is used but not defined in the perioperative context. The concept indicates an interest in the patient's own experience of health, illness, needs and preferences. As with many terms that are frequently used, there is a tendency for person-centred care to mean different things to different people in different contexts. METHODS: A two-part search strategy was employed; firstly, a computerized database search of PubMed and CINAHL, using Medical Subject Headings and free terms to search articles dating from 2004 to 2014, and secondly, a hand-search of those articles' reference lists was performed. Twenty-three articles were selected and an integrative review was conducted. RESULTS: Four themes were discovered: 'Being recognized as a unique entity and being allowed to be the person you are', 'Being considered important by having one's personal wishes taken into account', 'The presence of a perioperative nurse is calming; prevents feelings of loneliness and promotes wellbeing, which may speed up recovery', and 'Being close to and being touched by the perioperative nurse during surgery'. CONCLUSIONS: PCC means respecting the patient as a unique individual, considering the patient's particularities and wishes, and involving the patient in their own care. PCC also implies having access to one's own nurse who is present both physically and emotionally through the entire perioperative process and who guides the patient and follows up postoperatively, guaranteeing that the patient is not alone. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: By having a common understanding of the concept of PCC, the nurse anaesthetists' and theatre nurses' caring actions or concerns will be directed towards the patient', resulting in personalization of care rather than simply defining the concept. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Arvidsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Cirkulära möbelflöden : Hur nya affärsmodeller kan bidra till hållbar utveckling inom offentliga möbler
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige har en stark möbelindustri och en stolt tradition av att tillverka tidlösa och högkvalitativa möbler, ofta av naturmaterial. 2016 producerade Sverige möbler för 22,8 miljarder SEK, varav kontorsmöbler stod för nästan en fjärdedel1. Det saknas idag statistik över vad som händer med dessa möbler när de inte längre används, men det står klart att många av dem slängs i förtid när verksamheter flyttar eller när deras behov ändras. Samtidigt syns en tydlig utveckling mot att kunder mer och mer efterfrågar återbrukade eller renoverade möbler som en del i sitt hållbarhetsarbete. Denna utveckling var startpunkten för projektet ”Affärsmodell-innovation för cirkulära möbelflöden”. Affärsmodellinnovation för cirkulära möbelflöden är ett Vinnovafinansierat projekt som under åren 2015-2017 arbetat med att utveckla och testa koncept för cirkulära affärsmodeller för i första hand offentliga möbler. I projektet har tjugo aktörer från hela värdekedjan, från underleverantörer, möbelproducenter, återförsäljare och användare till forskare och branschorgan, samarbetat kring affärsutveckling, kundincitament, produktdesign, logistik, hållbarhets- och certifieringsfrågor. Den här skriften belyser hur nya affärsmodeller för mer cirkulära möbelflöden kan bidra till en mer hållbar utveckling och ger smakprov på slutsatser från projektet. Skriften riktar sig framför allt till producenter och återförsäljare av möbler för offentliga miljöer, men även kunder och inköpare tror vi kan ha stor nytta av skriften. Vi hoppas att den även kan fungera som inspiration för andra industrier och branscher som funderar på en övergång till mer cirkulära affärsekosystem.
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| 15. |
- Austeng, Dordi, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
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| 16. |
- Barlow, Lotti, et al.
(författare)
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Nationellt fackspråk för vård och omsorg : Slutrapport
- 2011
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- SammanfattningEtt tillgängligt och använt nationellt fackspråk ska bidra till en god och säker vård och omsorg. Det ska även medverka till att kvaliteten och resultaten på området ska kunna följas upp och jämföras på ett mer effektivt sätt. Slutrapporten presenterar resultatet av projektet Nationellt fackspråk för vård och omsorg samt förslag till förvaltning och utveckling.ResultatetResultatet innefattar bland annat att det internationella begreppssystemet Snomed CT är översatt till svenska och att det är förberett för förvaltning och distribution. Socialstyrelsen har även tagit fram och testat metoder för förvaltning och utveckling av det nationella fackspråket i sin helhet. Därtill har representanter för målgrupperna informerats och fått kunskap.Rapporten innehåller en utförlig beskrivning av det nationella fackspråkets sammantagna innehåll: Socialstyrelsens termbank, klassifikationer och kodverk, den svenska versionen av Snomed CT, metoder för utveckling och förvaltning samt regler för användning.Förvaltning, införande och resursbehovI rapporten finns förslag till hur hela det nationella fackspråket kan tas omhand av Socialstyrelsen och hur det kan införas i vården och omsorgen. Projektets övergång till en långsiktigt hållbar organisation kräver resurser. Därför redogör rapporten för det förväntade resursbehovet för förvaltning och utveckling. Bland annat föreslås en treårig utbildningsinsats samt stimulansbidrag för införande.Krav på styrning, samordning och förtydligat ansvarRapporten betonar behovet av en samlad och medveten styrning av utvecklingen inom området. Socialstyrelsen vill ha en samordnande roll i utvecklingen och förvaltningen av det nationella fackspråket. Myndigheten föreslås få det initiala ansvaret för att utbilda användare och att driva frågor om det nationella fackspråket.Vidare vill Socialstyrelsen få ett uttalat mandat att samordna de nationella aktiviteter som drivs med koppling till Snomed CT. Rapporten pekar ut några särskilt prioriterade områden som myndigheten borde få i uppdrag att arbeta vidare inom.Kunskapsstyrning och normgivningEn viktig slutsats i rapporten är att användningen av det nationella fackspråket behöver regleras för att målet om ökad säkerhet för klienter och patienter ska kunna uppnås. I dagsläget bedöms föreskrifter vara den metod som bäst kan garantera ett brett genomförande.Målgrupper för slutrapportenSlutrapporten riktar sig till beslutsfattare i kommuner och landsting, vård- och omsorgspersonal med särskilt intresse eller ansvar för dokumentationsfrågor och professionella organisationer. Den riktar sig också till terminologiansvariga i kommuner och landsting, IT-direktörer, IT-leverantörer samt aktörer inom den nationella strategin för eHälsa.
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| 17. |
- Berg, Elisabeth Gräslund, et al.
(författare)
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Praktiker som gör skillnad : Om den verb-inriktade metoden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 133:3, s. 335-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the so-called verb-oriented method and its role in the research project Gender and Work in early modern Sweden (GaW), which is based at Uppsala University. It provides a presentation of the GaW-database, which has been designed to allow analysis according to the verb-method. Finally, the article points out that this method can be combined with a number of different theoretical approaches as long as the focus is on practices. It is therefore compatible with the approaches of e.g., Judith Butler, Michel de Certeau, and Amartya Sen. Work is defined as "time-use with the purpose of making a living" and the article discusses why data on time-use, or actual work activities, are better suited for research into early modern Swedish working life than other types of data. It shows that activities are usually described in the sources by verb-phrases, and explains how and from what sources verb-phrases are collected and analyzed within the project. In order to allow for generalizations the verb-method presupposes large amounts of data. This is the rationale for the GaW-database, which at present includes around 5000 verb-phrases and 75000 data posts.
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| 18. |
- Birgersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Uppfödning i korthet
- 2009
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Ingår i: Pediatrisk omvårdnad. - : Liber. - 9789147093274
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Brue, Thierry, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes in patients with acromegaly treated with pegvisomant : observations from acrostudy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Endocrine. - : SPRINGER. - 1355-008X .- 1559-0100. ; 63:3, s. 563-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo explore the effects of pegvisomant (PEGV) on glucose metabolism in patients with acromegaly within ACROSTUDY, an international, observational, prospective safety surveillance study.MethodsPatients were retrospectively divided into two cohorts, with (DM group) or without diabetes mellitus (no-DM). Parameters of glucose metabolism and IGF-I values were analyzed yearly both cross-sectionally for 4 years (yrs) and longitudinally at 1 and 4-5yrs of PEGV treatment.ResultsAmong 1762 patients, 510 (28.9%) had DM before PEGV start. At cross-sectional analyses, in the DM group mean blood glucose was 140.058.7mg/dl at baseline, 116.4 +/- 44.8mg/dl at year 1 and 120.0 +/- 44.3mg/dl at yr 4. Mean HbA1c was 6.6 +/- 1.2 % at yr 1 vs. 7.0 +/- 1.4 % at baseline. HbA1c was above 6.5% in 61.9% at baseline and ranged from 45.4 to 53.8% at subsequent yearly time points. At the 4-yr longitudinal analysis, in the DM group (n=109), mean blood glucose decreased by 20.2mg/dl at yr 4, mean HbA1c was 7.0 +/- 1.5% at baseline vs. 6.8 +/- 1.4%. Patients achieved IGF-I normalization in 52.1% and 57.4% of cases in the DM and no-DM groups, respectively at 1 year. The mean daily PEGV dose (mg/day) was higher in the DM group (18.2 vs. 15.3) while the absolute change of IGF-I values from baseline was similar in both groups. PEGV was well tolerated in both groups without any unexpected AEs.Conclusions p id=Par4 Patients with DM had a moderate decrease in mean fasting glucose values during PEGV treatment.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Bucin, Dragan, et al.
(författare)
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Heart transplantation across the antibodies against HLA and ABO
- 2006
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Ingår i: Transplant International. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1432-2277 .- 0934-0874. ; 19:3, s. 239-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have intentionally performed heart transplantation in a 5-year-old child, despite the most unfavourable risk factors for patient survival; the presence of high level of antibodies against donor's human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I/II and blood group antigens. Pretransplant treatment by mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone, tacrolimus, intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab, protein-A immunoadsorption (IA) and plasma exchange reduced antibody titres against the donor's lymphocytes from 128 to 16 and against the donor's blood group antigen from 256 to 0. The patient was urgently transplanted with a heart from an ABO incompatible donor (A(1) to O). A standard triple-drug immunosuppressive protocol was used. No hyperacute rejection was seen. Antibodies against the donor's HLA antigens remained at a low level despite three acute rejections. Rising anti-A(1) blood group antibodies preceded the second rejection and were reduced by two blood group-specific IAs and remained at a low level. The patient is doing well despite the persistence of donor-reactive antibodies.
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| 23. |
- Carlson, Marie, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Transnational mobility of higher education within Asia – Strategies and educational conditions among young people related to gender, ethnicity and class
- 2012
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Ingår i: GEA – Gender and Education Association Conference April 11-13, Göteborg. Theme: Gender and Democracy: Gender Research in times of change.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transnational mobility in higher education within Asia – Strategies and educational conditions among young people related to gender, ethnicity and class. This workshop mainly invites to a methodological discussion within an ongoing interdisciplinary project focusing on inter-Asian education mobility – a theme that so far has been given little attention even though access to education has long been the reason for migration and mobility. Many Asian youths travel abroad and study in their neighbouring countries - however, the interest has most often been on the increased numbers of young people from Asian countries who obtain higher education in Western countries. By taking a perspective that situates individuals at the centre this study investigates young people’s strategies, experiences and visions in different Asian contexts. Particular interest is paid to power hierarchies based on class, ethnicity, gender, and religion. Theoretical the project employs the concept of social transnational fields and draws inspiration from cultural, migration, global, and gender studies, as well as postcolonial theory. Six researchers are involved in the project and carry out fieldwork among students who study in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Middle East, Thailand and Turkey and the students come from neighbouring Asian countries. The research group collaborates in the development of theory and methodology. Disciplines represented in the study are Islamic studies, sociology, anthropology and history. The students’/the subjects’ experiences are in the centre of the research and through the use of life stories as its research methodology, the research group approaches transnational mobility in a unique way. Furthermore a so-called soft comparison is used, contrasting the material in order to generate mutual interpretative advantages. The academic importance of the project lies in its theoretical and methodological approach, but also in the empirical data it generates. The overall aim of the project is dealing with the transnational space and values that govern the various study options and strategies – how students regard the “homeland” and “host” country – the importance of gender, ethnicity and how students are affected by mobility as part of the their own social, political and religious context. At the workshop all six researchers in the project will present some preliminary results based on recent field data and discuss what kind of themes and intersecting aspects we are trying to involve when approaching the students in using life stories. Likewise discuss possibilities/difficulties in conducting a multi-sited interdisciplinary study. In addition to the researchers in the project we hope for at least 10-20 persons to participate in the discussion.
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| 24. |
- Diaz-Morales, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic effects of molybdate and chromate–molybdate films deposited on platinum for efficient hydrogen evolution
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (1986). - : Wiley. - 0268-2575 .- 1097-4660. ; 98:5, s. 1269-1278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sodium chlorate (NaClO3) is extensively used in the paper industry, but its production uses strictly regulated highly toxic Na2Cr2O7 to reach high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) Faradaic efficiencies. It is therefore important to find alternatives either to replace Na2Cr2O7 or reduce its concentration.RESULTS: The Na2Cr2O7 concentration can be significantly reduced by using Na2MoO4 as an electrolyte co-additive. Na2MoO4 in the millimolar range shifts the platinum cathode potential to less negative values due to an activating effect of cathodically deposited Mo species. It also acts as a stabilizer of the electrodeposited chromium hydroxide but has a minor effect on the HER Faradaic efficiency. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show cathodic deposition of molybdenum of different oxidation states, depending on deposition conditions. Once Na2Cr2O7 was present, molybdenum was not detected by XPS, as it is likely that only trace levels were deposited. Using electrochemical measurements and mass spectrometry we quantitatively monitored H2 and O2 production rates. The results indicate that 3 μmol L−1 Na2Cr2O7 (contrary to current industrial 10–30 mmol L−1) is sufficient to enhance the HER Faradaic efficiency on platinum by 15%, and by co-adding 10 mmol L−1 Na2MoO4 the cathode is activated while avoiding detrimental O2 generation from chemical and electrochemical reactions. Higher concentrations of Na2MoO4 led to increased oxygen production.CONCLUSION: Careful tuning of the molybdate concentration can enhance performance of the chlorate process using chromate in the micromolar range. These insights could be also exploited in the efficient hydrogen generation by photocatalytic water splitting and in the remediation of industrial wastewater.
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| 25. |
- Dórea, Fernanda C., et al.
(författare)
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Drivers for the development of an Animal Health Surveillance Ontology (AHSO)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5877 .- 1873-1716. ; 166:1, s. 39-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comprehensive reviews of syndromic surveillance in animal health have highlighted the hindrances to integration and interoperability among systems when data emerge from different sources. Discussions with syndromic surveillance experts in the fields of animal and public health, as well as computer scientists from the field of information management, have led to the conclusion that a major component of any solution will involve the adoption of ontologies. Here we describe the advantages of such an approach, and the steps taken to set up the Animal Health Surveillance Ontological (AHSO) framework. The AHSO framework is modelled in OWL, the W3C standard Semantic Web language for representing rich and complex knowledge. We illustrate how the framework can incorporate knowledge directly from domain experts or from data-driven sources, as well as by integrating existing mature ontological components from related disciplines. The development and extent of AHSO will be community driven and the final products in the framework will be open-access.
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| 26. |
- Einarsson, Sandra, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Thinking and re-thinking : a qualitative study of university teachers' perspectives on the development process for a new online interprofessional education curriculum in a Swedish higher education institution
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies in Education. - : Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 1891-5914 .- 1891-5949. ; 43:3, s. 225-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to reflect on the experience of working collaboratively across education programmes, departments, and faculties from the perspective of university teachers at a higher education institution. Nine teachers from five programmes working together to develop a new curriculum for interprofessional education (IPE) participated in a focus group discussion. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings suggest that teacher experiences can be understood in terms of teamwork processes valued from both professional and IPE experiential variations within the group. Since findings illustrate pedagogical collaboration across department and faculty boundaries, they can inspire teachers who are planning a similar process.
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| 27. |
- Eriksson, Ann-Marie, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish language advisors’ textually mediated encounters with dilemmas in their writing centre consultations.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Paper presented at Writing Research Across Borders, WRAB2023. NTNU, Norway. 18-22 February 2023..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This presentation reports an ongoing research project investigating the development and professionalization of centralized support for academic language and writing in Swedish universities. While research on this kind of literacy support has a long tradition and has been carried out in many parts of the world (Essid & McTague, 2020), the Swedish context represents a case where centralization is recent and still unregulated (Lennartson-Hokkanen, 2016). Universities can therefore organise support for academic writing and language autonomously and according to their own specific needs and purposes. A strong growth in numbers of centralized support units has been noticed recently (Bjernhage & Grönvall Fransson, 2017). This growth comes in the wake of increased mobility, internationalisation, and broadening participation (Kaufhold & Yenken, 2021). What also makes the Swedish context important to study is that central units of this kind usually recruit teachers, academics and scholars as professional advisors, whereas peer tutoring is rare. Staff members come from a variety of educational backgrounds, but a strong grounding in the field of Linguistics or Languages is common. However, our material shows that the everyday work for language advisors implies pedagogically demanding situations where students’ expectations on immediate text improvement at the level of grammar and text structure collide with advisors’ ambitions to serve each individual in the best of ways and provide ‘strategies’ for writing that point beyond the immediate text. So, advising exemplifies a pedagogical academic literacy practice where an intricate mix of institutionally grounded tensions need to be handled by individual advisors in the role of literacy experts. The objective of the project to be reported is therefore to demonstrate how academic literacy expertise, specifically required for scaffolding students’ writing through advising sessions, is being developed through situations requiring expert judgment and actions. The primary empirical data consists of a collection of video-recordings from a series of professional competence development workshops that were carried out 2021-2022. In these workshops, staff members from centralized writing centres in four different Swedish universities met for the purpose of sharing their advising experiences and discussing specific challenges and dilemmas. Each participating university took responsibility for organizing one workshop and each workshop consisted of a mix of whole group activities and group-work. In the smaller groups, individual advisors were teamed up with colleagues from the other contributing universities and thus came to represent their own writing centre and institution. The video-material is complemented by a collection of texts participants produced and used as part of the workshops. The conversational nature of these workshops allows for a dialogical approach (Linell, 2021) to how relevant literacy expertise is mediated as individual professional advisors from different institutions work with sample dilemmas. Such a theoretical grounding implies analytical attention to how the participants interactively anticipate and coordinate with each other as they share and discuss their individual samples. A series of textually mediated activities have been selected and transcribed. The currently ongoing analytical work is guided by the following questions: - How is academic literacy expertise produced and moulded in the interaction around the participants’ sample dilemmas? - What means for solutions to problems are introduced and made relevant by the participants? The contributions of this research are partly empirical, partly methodological. While writing centres and writing centre practice have been extensively studied (e.g. Mackiewicz & Thompson, 2018), the underpinnings of the Swedish case are comparatively under-explored. This study adds to organisational and practice perspectives in the field of writing research as it attends to professional advising as a pedagogical and epistemologically grounded practice. Findings so far indicate a series of tensions that seem to characterise the Swedish context specifically, and significant professional development processes for individual writing centre staff members. For example, professional advisors’ literacy expertise involves balancing historically developed notions of ‘language’ vs. ‘writing’ and appropriating a developmental view of students’ needs.
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, Olaspers Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Cell-Penetrating Peptides That Are Bactericidal to Neisseria meningitidis and Prevent Inflammatory Responses upon Infection
- 2013
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 57:8, s. 3704-3712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meningococcal disease is characterized by a fast progression and a high mortality rate. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), developed as vectors for cargo delivery into eukaryotic cells, share structural features with antimicrobial peptides. A screen identified two CPPs, transportan-10 (TP10) and model amphipathic peptide (MAP), with bactericidal action against Neisseria meningitidis. Both peptides were active in human whole blood at micromolar concentrations, while hemolysis remained negligible. Additionally, TP10 exhibited significant antibacterial activity in vivo. Uptake of SYTOX green into live meningococci was observed within minutes after TP10 treatment, suggesting that TP10 may act by membrane permeabilization. Apart from its bactericidal activity, TP10 suppressed inflammatory cytokine release from macrophages infected with N. meningitidis as well as from macrophages stimulated with enterobacterial and meningococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Finally, incubation with TP10 reduced the binding of LPS to macrophages. This novel endotoxin-inhibiting property of TP10, together with its antimicrobial activity in vivo, indicates the possibility to design peptide-based therapies for infectious diseases.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Falt, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure of infants to budesonide through breast milk of asthmatic mothers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 120:4, s. 798-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Maintenance treatment with inhaled corticosteroids is often required for asthmatic nursing women. Data on the transfer of inhaled corticosteroids from plasma to breast milk and the subsequent exposure of the breast-feeding infant has been unavailable. Objective: We sought to assess budesonide concentrations in milk and plasma of asthmatic nursing women receiving maintenance treatment with the Pulmicort Turbuhaler and estimate the exposure of their breast-fed infants. Methods: Milk and plasma samples were collected up to 8 hours after dosing from 8 mothers receiving budesonide maintenance treatment (200 or 400 mu g twice daily). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from budesonide milk and plasma concentrations. Infant exposure was estimated based on average milk budesonide concentrations. A single blood sample was obtained from 5 infants close to expected infant maximum concentration. Results: Budesonide concentrations in milk reflected those in maternal plasma, supporting passive diffusion of budesonide between plasma and milk, and was always lower than that in plasma. The mean milk/plasma ratio was 0.46. The estimated daily infant dose was 0.3% of the daily maternal dose for both dose levels, and the average plasma concentration in infants was estimated to be 1/600th of the concentrations observed in maternal plasma, assuming complete infant oral bioavailability. Budesonide concentrations in infant plasma samples were all less than the limit of quantification. Conclusion: Maintenance treatment with inhaled budesonide (200 or 400 mu g twice daily) in asthmatic nursing women results in negligible systemic exposure to budesonide in breast-fed infants. Clinical implications: These data support continued use of inhaled budesonide during breast-feeding.
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| 31. |
- Filipovic, Marko, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Historical usage of aqueous film forming foam : A case study of the widespread distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids from a military airport to groundwater, lakes, soils and fish
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 129, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical usage of aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) at military airports is a potential source of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to the nearby environment. In this study, the distribution of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in soil, groundwater, surface water, tap water well, and fish muscle was investigated at a closed down military airfield (F18) and its surroundings in Stockholm, Sweden. The presence of PFOS at AFFF training sites was inventoried.One major finding of the study is that a former airfield, abandoned since 1994, may still be a point source of PFAAs to nearby recipients. PFOS and PFOA were ubiquitous in the soil samples at former AFFF training sites with concentrations ranging from 2.18 to 8520 ng g−1 dry weight and <0.12–287 ng g−1 dry weight respectively. The sum of PFAAs in the groundwater and surface waters ranged from 738 to 51 000 ng L−1 and −1, respectively. PFOS in European perch ranged from 76.5 to 370 ng g−1 wet weight muscle tissue which is among the highest previously reported worldwide. Our results provide evidence that the historical use of AFFF at the site have contaminated an aquifer (7500 m3 d−1), that will require constant PFAA purification before being used for drinking water production. Despite the fact that the water turnover time in the investigated recipients (of 4–6 months) suggest a depletion of PFAA-contaminants over a quarter of a decade, abandoned airfields may still pose an environmental and human health concern.
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| 32. |
- Fridlund, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Essentials of Nursing Care in Randomized Controlled Trials of Nurse-Led Interventions in Somatic Care : A Systematic Review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - Irvine : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 4:3, s. 181-197
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nursing practice has to contribute to evidence pointing out why there is a need for more nurse-designed randomized control trials (RCTs) focusing on evidence-based practice (EBP). How far this EBP has progressed in different health aspects is usually established by systematic reviews of RCTs. Nurse-led RCTs exist but no study has addressed the essentials of nursing care. Aim: The aim was therefore to determine the essentials of nurses’ interventions by means of nurse-led RCTs in somatic care focusing on the stated context, goals, content, strategies as well as the nurse’s role related to effectiveness. Methods: A systematic review was realized according to Cochrane review assumptions to identify, appraise and synthesize all empirical evidence meeting pre-specified eligibility criteria. The PRISMA statement guided the data extraction process (n = 55) from PubMed and CINAHL. Results: Of the RCTs in somatic care, 71% showed a positive effectiveness of nurse-led interventions, of which the nurse had a significant role with regard to being the main responsible in 67% of the studies. Also, 47% of the RCTs presented a theoretical standpoint related to the nurse-led interventions and most prominent were international evidence-based guidelines. Goals were found to have either a patient-centered or a professional-centered ambition. Strategies were based on patient-directed initiatives, nurse-patient-directed initiatives or nurse-directed initiatives, while contents were built upon either a patient-nurse interaction or a nursing management plan. Conclusions: This review underlines the necessity of a holistic view of a person, as nurse-led RCTs comprising a patient-centered ambition, patient-directed initiative and patient-nurse interaction plan showed beneficial nursing care effectiveness, particularly if theory-based. In a nurse-led RCT, a basic theoretical perspective is advantageous as well as to elucidate the role of the nurse in relation to the estimated effects.
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| 33. |
- Gabrielsson, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate Methods in the Development of a New Tablet Formulation : Excipient Mixtures and Principal Properties
- 2006
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Ingår i: Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. - New York : M. Dekker. - 0363-9045 .- 1520-5762. ; 32:1, s. 7-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A tablet formulation for direct compression has previously been studied using multivariate design. An optimization study of one of the most important tablet properties, disintegration time, revealed that excipients with Principal Properties (PP's) that were predicted as suitable by the model were not represented within the studied material.The feasibility of using mixtures of excipients in the multivariate approach to tablet formulation to solve this problem has been investigated in the present study. By mixing different excipients of the same excipient class, it should be possible to obtain mixtures with the predicted PP's, which in turn should give a formulation with the desired properties. In order to investigate the utility of this approach, separate mixture designs were applied to both binders and fillers (diluents).As reported here, the Partial Least Squares Projections to Latent Structures (PLS) model developed in the previously published screening study has been validated in the sense that the interesting region of the PP space identified in it has been shown to contain excipients, pure or mixed, that give the formulation suitable properties. Formulations with suitable properties were found with the mixture experiments. The local models also offer several alternatives for the composition of the formulation that yield the desired disintegration time.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Granbom, Ann-Charlotte
(författare)
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The second wave : the Urak Lawoi after the tsunami in Thailand
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Urak Lawoi är en ursprungsbefolkning i Andamansjön som bl.a. bor på kända turistöar som Phuket, Phi Phi, Ko Lanta Yai och Ko Lipe utanför Thailands västkust. Deras språk och kultur skiljer sig från övriga thailändares, inte minst ifråga om kunskap att navigera på havet. Att bo på eller vid havet är centralt för deras identitet; det är där de fiskar, samlar föda på stränder och utför sina ritualer. I århundranden, ja, kanske tusentals år har Urak Lawoi levt vid stranden och av de resurser som havet kan ge. Andra kallar dem ofta efter de västerländska benämningarna; ”Sea Gypsies”, ”havsnomader” eller, på thailändska, ”Chao Ley”.Den 26 december 2004 drabbades Thailand av den mest förödande tsunamin som noterats i modern historia. Mer än 350 000 människor omkom i Sydostasien. Om tsunamin var ”den första våg” som sköljde över Urak Lawoi, blev hjälpinsatser och reformer som följde efter tsunamin ”den andra vågen”, och den kom att generera betydande sociokulturella förändringar.Syftet med den här avhandlingen är att undersöka hur reformer, hjälpinsatser och den ökade uppmärksamhet som Urak Lawoi fick efter tsunamin har påverkat deras liv, särskilt på ön Ko Lanta Yai. Avhandlingen bygger på 36 månaders etnografiska fältstudier som gjorts under olika perioder mellan 2002 och 2013, alltså både före och efter tsunamin. Monografin ger en empirisk förståelse för hur globala ekonomiska intressen och transnationell migration påverkar lokalsamhällen på de stränder där Urak Lawoi varit bosatta, och som exploaterats för turism. Fallstudier från fältarbetet används för att visa hur en ursprungsbefolkning kan berövas sitt territorium och hur detta påverkar deras identitet och livsföring.När jag träffade Urak Lawoi första gången var det en gåta för mig varför landrättigheter hade en så central betydelse för människor som var kända som ett havsfolk. Här försöker jag finna svar på denna gåta och undersöka vad dessa svar egentligen innebär. Undersökningen visar hur konflikter kan uppstå på grund av det omgivande samhällets ekonomiska intressen och en lokalbefolknings traditionella livsstil. Studien visar hur en naturkatastrof används som en förevändning för att exploatera det drabbade området och bygga upp en turistindustri, och därmed påskynda en förändringsprocess som i själva verket var planerad redan före katastrofen. Analysen visar hur en respons på en naturkatastrof kan påskynda integrationen av en lokalbefolkning i den globala ekonomiska arenan. Uppbyggnadsverksamheter, nya regler och sociala integrationsprocesser blev katalysatorer för den lokala regeringen att genomföra förändringar som passade turismens tillväxt, men inte nödvändigtvis Urak Lawois intressen. Utomstående vill skapa en stereotyp bild av detta ”havsfolk” och ge dem "rätt" att behålla sin identitet under förutsättning att deras traditioner passar in i turistindustrins expandering. Studien visar hur denna utveckling har ökat ojämlikheten i människors levnadsförhållanden och gjort dem som saknar landrättigheter mer utsatta och sårbara. Trots sin utsatthet ser de emellertid inte sig själva som offer. De visar tvärtom stark kreativitet att agera inom det omgivande samhällets normer och regler och att göra motstånd. Slutsatsen är att de som har tillgång till mark är bäst på att integrera med det thailändska samhället, men de är också bäst på att bevara sin identitet.
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| 37. |
- Gustavsson, Inger M., et al.
(författare)
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Randomised study shows that repeated self-sampling and HPV test has more than two-fold higher detection rate of women with CIN2+ histology than Pap smear cytology
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 118:6, s. 896-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:This randomised study compared the detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-positive (CIN2+) based on histology in women performing repeated self-sampling of vaginal fluid (VF) for human papillomavirus (HPV) test with a control group following the ordinary screening by Pap smear cytology.Methods:36390 women aged 30–49 years scheduled for invitation to organised screening were randomised in two groups, one to perform self-sampling of VF for HPV test (n=17 997, HPV arm) and the other group to perform screening by PAP smear cytology (n=18 393, control arm). HPV positive women in the HPV arm repeated the self-sampling and the HPV test on average 4.4 months later and those with two consecutive positive HPV tests were referred to colposcopy. Outcome was CIN2+ based on histology during 18-month follow-up.Results:Participation rate was 47% in the HPV arm and 39% in the control arm. The HPV prevalence in the first self-sampling was 6.9%, and 71% of these women were HPV positive in their second test. For the per-protocol approach, cumulative prevalence of histological CIN2+ in the HPV arm was 20.2 per 1000 women screened as compared to 10.8 in the control arm. The cumulative prevalence of CIN2+ diagnosed per 1000 years screened was 160.8 in the HPV arm as compared with 25.4 in the control arm.Conclusions:Repeated self-sampling of VF and HPV test had more than a two-fold higher discovery rate of CIN2+ per 1000 women screened as compared with PAP smear cytology.
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| 38. |
- Gäverth, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of the NeuroFlexor method to measure change in spasticity after treatment with botulinum toxin A in wrist and finger muscles
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Foundation for Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 46:7, s. 629-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The NeuroFlexor objectively quantifies the neural, elastic and viscous components of passive movement resistance in wrist and finger flexor muscles. In this study we investigated the sensitivity of the NeuroFlexor to changes in spasticity induced by treatment with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A).DESIGN: Prospective observational design.SUBJECTS: A convenience sample of 22 adults with post-stroke upper limb spasticity scheduled for botulinum toxin treatment.METHODS: BoNT-A was given according to individual treatment plans. NeuroFlexor assessments were made before treatment and 4 and 12 weeks after.RESULTS: At group level, spasticity decreased significantly at 4 weeks (expected time of maximum effect) (p = 0.04). At 12 weeks, spasticity had rebounded and no longer differed significantly from baseline (p = 0.64), i.e. in line with the pharmacodynamics of BoNT-A. At the individual level, 7 participants showed a reduction in spasticity greater than the measurement error. The reduction was dose-dependent (r(20) = 0.66, p < 0.001), and largest in participants with the highest dose.CONCLUSION: At the group level, the sensitivity of NeuroFlexor is good enough to detect reduction in spasticity after treatment with BoNT-A. Further work is needed to establish the sensitivity of NeuroFlexor on an individual level.
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| 39. |
- Gäverth, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Test-retest and inter-rater reliability of a method to measure wrist and finger spasticity
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Foundation for Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 45:7, s. 630-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the reliability of an instrument (Neuro- Flexor) designed to be used in the clinic for quantification of the relative contribution of spasticity, elasticity and viscosity to resistance during passive wrist movements.DESIGN: A test-retest and inter-rater reliability study.SUBJECTS: A convenience sample of 34 adults with chronic stroke with spasticity in the hand, and a reference group of 10 healthy persons.METHODS: Two raters assessed the participants with the NeuroFlexor. Elastic, viscous and neural components of passive movement resistance were quantified at the wrist. Test-retest and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1) were calculated for each component for both raters and two sessions. Degree of measurement error was evaluated using the coefficient of variation and the repeatability coefficient.RESULTS: Reliability was high for the neural component (test-retest: 0.90-0.96; inter-rater: 0.90-0.94), fair to good for the elastic component (test-retest: 0.79-0.88; inter-rater: 0.76-0.76), and fair to high for the viscous component (test-retest: 0.88-0.90; inter-rater: 0.75-0.80). Based on test-retest data, the coefficients of variation for the neural, elastic and viscous components were 25%, 26% and 16%, respectively, and the repeatability coefficients were 1.798, 1.897 and 1.404, respectively.CONCLUSION: The NeuroFlexor instrument is a reliable measure of spasticity and of muscle elasticity and viscosity in individuals with wrist and finger muscle resistance to passive stretch after stroke.
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| 40. |
- Hagvall, Lina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol
- 2020
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 82:1, s. 31-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Citral is commonly used as a fragrance and flavor material and consists of the aldehydes geranial and neral. Citral is included in fragrance mix (FM) II. Geranial and neral have also been identified in autoxidation of geraniol, a fragrance compound present in FM I. Objectives To study contact allergy to citral, geranial, and neral, and concomitant reactivity to oxidized geraniol and fragrance markers of the baseline series. Methods A total of 1476 dermatitis patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested using geranial, neral, and citral, all 3.5% petrolatum (pet.) as well as geraniol 6.0% and oxidized geraniol 11% pet. in addition to the Swedish baseline series. Results Frequencies of positive reactions to citral, geranial, and neral were 2.9%, 3.4% and 1.9%, respectively. Together, citral and geranial gave 4.2% positive patch test reactions in consecutive dermatitis patients. In patients with positive reactions to citral or its components, 25% to 34% reacted to FM II and 61% reacted to oxidized geraniol. Conclusions Patch testing with citral, its components, or oxidized geraniol detects contact allergic reactions not detected using the baseline series. Patch testing with pure geraniol was shown to be of little value. Geranial and neral, although closely chemically related, are concluded to be separate haptens.
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| 41. |
- Hammarén, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of static and dynamic balance tests in subjects with myotonic dystrophy type 1
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 14:2, s. 48-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate test-retest reliability of balance tests and timed walking in individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Assessments of static and dynamic balance including timed walking were repeated on three occasions with 1-week intervals. A sample of 10 individuals with functional impairment due to the DM1 disorder participated. The inclusion criteria were: age 20-60; genetically proven DM1 and ability to perform Timed Up&Go (TUG) with or without handheld aids. One Leg and Tandem Stance were assessed as well as Timed 10-m walk (comfortable/maximum pace), TUG, Step Test and Walking in a Figure-of-Eight (Fo8). The analysis of relative reliability comprised the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1); the analysis of disagreement comprised the standard error of measurement, the repeatability and the measurement error. Mean age of the participants was 42.7 years (± 10.7 years). The ICC was good to high (0.83-0.98) for all tests except Fo8. The analysis of disagreement showed that the dynamic balance tests were more reliable than the static tests. We recommend the use of the dynamic balance tests Step Test and TUG, together with the Timed 10-m walk at maximum pace to evaluate balance performance quantitatively during walking in patients with DM1..
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| 42. |
- Hansson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Investeringar i mjölkgårdar påverkar kornas livslängd
- 2023
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Ingår i: Husdjur. - 0046-8339. ; , s. 37-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- En svensk mjölkko slås ut efter att ha mjölkat i genomsnitt två och en halv laktation. Beslut om utslagning är mer komplext än många tror och en ny forskningsstudie visar att mjölkkornas ålder bestäms av andra faktorer än av deras hälsa och fruktsamhet.
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| 43. |
- Hartzén, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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The material expression of new pulp-fibre reinforced composites in relation to other material categories
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings - D and E 2016. - Amsterdam : Universidad de los Andes. - 9789461867254 ; , s. 191-200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To help bridge the gap between the science lab and commercial production there is a need for a better understanding of how new bio-based materials are perceived by users. The aim of the studies in this paper was to identify the material expression, sensorial properties and semantic dimensions of a group of pulp-fibre reinforced composites that are still in the research phase and how these relate to other, better-known materials already on the market. The studies involved 21 different materials, divided into different material groups such as metals, solid woods, wood fibre materials, plastic and fibre-reinforced composites in which the pulp-fibre reinforced composites were included. The materials were evaluated for meaning in a product semantic study and for sensory perception in a sensorial study. The results of the semantic study gave two underlining dimensions explaining most of the variations between the materials, Quality and Naturalness. These dimensions also had strong correlations to some of the sensorial properties. The results indicate that the pulp-fibre reinforced composites were not perceived as having high quality or expressing naturalness. They were hard to distinguish from the plastics in the study. The implications for further research and material development are discussed.
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| 44. |
- Hedqvist, Ann-Therese, Doktorand, et al.
(författare)
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Entangled in complexity: An ethnographic study of organizational adaptability and safe care transitions for patients with complex care needs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 00, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to visualize vulnerabilities and explore the dynamics of inter-professional collaboration and organizational adaptability in the context of care transitions for patients with complex care needs.Design: An ethnographic design using multiple convergent data collection techniques.Methods: Data collection involved document review, participant observations and interviews with healthcare and social care professionals (HSCPs). Narrative analysis was employed to construct two illustrative patient scenarios, which were then examined using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). Thematic analysis was subsequently applied to synthesize the findings.Results: Inconsistencies in timing and precision during care transitions pose risks for patients with complex care needs as they force healthcare systems to prioritize structural constraints over individualized care, especially during unforeseen events outside regular hours. Such systemic inflexibility can compromise patient safety, increase the workload for HSCPs and strain resources. Organizational adaptability is crucial to managing the inherent variability of patient needs. Our proposed ‘safe care transition pathway’ addresses these issues, providing proactive strategies such as sharing knowledge and increasing patient participation, and strengthening the capacity of professionals to meet dynamic care needs, promoting safer care transitions.Conclusion: To promote patient safety in care transitions, strategies must go beyond inter-professional collaboration, incorporating adaptability and flexible resource planning. The implementation of standardized safe care transition pathways, coupled with the active participation of patients and families, is crucial. These measures aim to create a resilient, person-centred approach that may effectively manage the complexities in care transitions.Implications: The recommendations of this study span the spectrum from policy-level changes aimed at strategic resource allocation and fostering inter-professional collaboration to practical measures like effective communication, information technology integration, patient participation and family involvement. Together, the recommendations offer a holistic approach to enhance care transitions and, ultimately, patient outcomes.
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| 45. |
- Hedqvist, Ann-Therese, Doktorand, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing resilient care transitions: The synergy of interprofessional collaboration and organizational adaptability
- 2024
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Ingår i: Presented at the Resilient Health Care Society Summer Meeting 2024, Stavanger, Norway, June 9-12, 2024.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundNavigating care transitions for patients with complex care needs represent a formidable challenge, where resilience becomes a crucial benchmark for quality and safety. There is a need to develop a healthcare infrastructure that not only reacts to disruptions but also proactively strengthens its capacity for continuity and patient safety. By addressing vulnerabilities and enhancing systemic responsiveness, the study illustrates how a coordinated, patient-centered approach is pivotal in building a healthcare infrastructure that can effectively navigate and adapt to challenges, thereby embodying the essence of resilient healthcare.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to visualize vulnerabilities inherent in care transitions and to demonstrate how resilience—manifested through interprofessional collaboration and organizational adaptability—can fortify these critical junctures for patients with complex care needs.MethodsEmploying an ethnographic methodology, we engaged in document review, participant observations, and interviews with an array of healthcare and social care professionals involved in the care trajectory of patients with complex care needs. Narrative analysis was employed to construct two illustrative patient scenarios, which were then examined using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). Thematic analysis was subsequently applied to synthesize the findings.ResultsOur findings reveal that timing and precision variability during care transitions not only exacerbate vulnerabilities but also jeopardize patient safety. The inherent systemic rigidity, particularly during non-standard hours, amplifies the strain on resources and escalates the demands placed on care providers. In the face of patient needs' inherent unpredictability, the capacity of an organization to adapt is not just advantageous but essential. The crux of resilience in this context is interprofessional collaboration, which empowers healthcare teams to manage care proactively and navigate transitions more securely. Through collaborative practices, professionals are equipped to pool knowledge, predict fluctuations in patient conditions, and proactively coordinate responses to unexpected situations.ConclusionsWe advocate for a resilient model of care transition that is anchored in the collaborative synergy of healthcare teams, strategic resource management, and robust communication infrastructures. This model advocates for the vital contributions of frontline workers, patients, and their families, suggesting that their involvement is key in overcoming systemic obstacles and championing integrated, person-centered care. Our proposed pathway seeks to foster a healthcare environment where resilience is ingrained in the culture and practices, thereby ensuring safe, continuous, and responsive care transitions for all patients, particularly those with complex care needs.
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| 46. |
- Iwarzon, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Functional status, health-related quality of life and symptom severity in patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and enteric dysmotility
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 44:6, s. 700-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate whether patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) differ from those with enteric dysmotility (ED) regarding self-reported measures of functional status, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and gastrointestinal symptoms. Material and methods. The study comprised 28 patients with CIP (median age 48, range 28-80 years) and 26 with ED (median age 50, range 20-75 years). Three self-administered questionnaires were used: the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), the Swedish HRQoL Questionnaire (SWED-QUAL) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). Results. Patients with CIP reported significantly greater functional impairment in the aggregated physical dimension of SIP (15.4 SD 19.7) than did patients with ED (5.0 SD 7.2, p0.01). They also reported significantly poorer general health (SWED-QUAL) (28.0 SD 20.8) compared to those with ED (44.8 SD 25.2, p 0.01). Symptom severity correlated with several measures of HRQoL and functional status in patients with CIP but abdominal pain severity was the only independent predictor of HRQoL. Abdominal pain alone explained between 21% and 67% of the variance in SWED-QUAL subscales. Likewise, the severity of indigestion symptoms among patients with CIP explained 20-24% of the variance in the SIP subscales, emotional behaviour and work. Much less correlation between symptom severity and functional impairment or HRQoL was found in patients with ED. We found no difference in symptom severity (GSRS) between the two groups. Conclusions. Patients with CIP reported a greater impairment of functional status and HRQoL than did patients with ED. Symptom severity had a stronger influence on functional status and HRQoL in patients with CIP.
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| 47. |
- Jansson, Daniel, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training Alone or Combined on Hormonal Adaptations and Cytokines in Healthy Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sports Medicine - Open. - : Springer. - 2199-1170 .- 2198-9761. ; 8:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: No previous systematic review has quantitatively compared the effects of resistance training, endurance training, or concurrent training on hormonal adaptations in children and adolescents. Objective was to examine the effects of exercise training and training type on hormonal adaptations in children and adolescents.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO. Eligibility criteria were: population: healthy youth population sample (mean age < 18 years); intervention: resistance training, endurance training, or concurrent training (> 4 weeks duration); comparison: control group; outcome: pre- and post-levels of hormones and cytokines; and study design: randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. We used a random-effect model for the meta-analysis. The raw mean difference in hormones from baseline to post-intervention was presented alongside 95% confidence intervals (CI). Further, the certainty of evidence quality and the risk of bias were assessed.Results: A total of 3689 records were identified, of which 14 studies were eligible for inclusion. Most studies examined adolescents with fewer studies on children (age < 12 years, N = 5 studies) and females (N = 2 studies). Nine exercise training programs used endurance training, five studies used resistance training, and no eligible study used concurrent training. The meta-analysis showed no significant effect of exercise training on testosterone (MD = 0.84 nmol/L), cortisol (MD = − 17.4 nmol/L), or SHBG (MD = − 5.58 nmol/L). Subgroup analysis showed that resistance training significantly increased testosterone levels after training (MD = 3.42 nmol/L) which was not observed after endurance training (MD = − 0.01 nmol/L). No other outcome differed between training types. Exercise training resulted in small and non-significant changes in GH (MD = 0.48 ng/mL, p = 0.06) and IGF-I (MD = − 22.90 ng/mL, p = 0.07). GH response to endurance training may be age-dependent and evident in adolescents (MD = 0.59 ng/mL, p = 0.04) but not when children and adolescents are pooled (MD = 0.48 ng/mL, p = 0.06). Limited evidence exists to conclude on IL-6 and TNF-α effects of exercise training. Assessments of GRADE domains (risk of bias, consistency, directness, or precision of the findings) revealed serious weaknesses with most of the included outcomes (hormones and cytokines).Conclusions: This systematic review suggests that exercise training has small effects on hormonal concentrations in children and adolescents. Changes in testosterone concentrations with training are evident after resistance training but not endurance training. GH's response to training may be affected by maturation and evident in adolescents but not children. Further high-quality, robust training studies on the effect of resistance training, endurance training, and concurrent training are warranted to compare their training-specific effects.
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| 48. |
- Jansson-Rehnberg, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Diarrhoea of unknown cause: medical treatment in a stepwise manner Management of Idiopathic Diarrhoea Based on Experience of Step-Up Medical Treatment
- 2024
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Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basic principle for the treatment of idiopathic diarrhoea (functional diarrhoea K59.1) is to delay transit through the gut in order to promote the absorption of electrolytes and water. Under mild conditions, bulking agents may suffice. With increasing severity, antidiarrhoeal pharmaceuticals may be added in a stepwise manner. In diarrhoea of unknown aetiology, peripherally-acting opioid receptor agonists, such as loperamide, are first-line treatment and forms the pharmaceutical basis of antidiarrheal treatment. As second-line treatment opium drops have an approved indication for severe diarrhoea when other treatment options fail. Beyond this, various treatment options are built on experience with more advanced treatments using clonidine, octreotide, as well as GLP-1 and GLP-2 analogs which require specialist knowledge the field.
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| 49. |
- Jansson-Rehnberg, Ann Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Viktigt att stegvis öka insatser vid farmakologisk diarrébehandling : Pharmacological treatment of idiopathic diarrhea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 120
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The basic principle for treatment of idiopathic diarrhea is to delay transit through the gut in order to promote absorption of electrolytes and water. Under mild conditions bulking agents may suffice. With increasing severity, antidiarrheal pharmaceuticals may be added in a stepwise manner. Bile salt malabsorption is a clear indication for adsorptive resins, while in idiopathic diarrhea peripherally-acting opioid receptor agonists, such as loperamide, is the first-line treatment. Second-line treatment with approved indication for severe diarrhea when other treatment options fail includes opium drops. More advanced treatments are to be used by clinicians with specialist knowledge and experience in the field.
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| 50. |
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