| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Fridlund, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Essentials of Nursing Care in Randomized Controlled Trials of Nurse-Led Interventions in Somatic Care : A Systematic Review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - Irvine : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 4:3, s. 181-197
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nursing practice has to contribute to evidence pointing out why there is a need for more nurse-designed randomized control trials (RCTs) focusing on evidence-based practice (EBP). How far this EBP has progressed in different health aspects is usually established by systematic reviews of RCTs. Nurse-led RCTs exist but no study has addressed the essentials of nursing care. Aim: The aim was therefore to determine the essentials of nurses’ interventions by means of nurse-led RCTs in somatic care focusing on the stated context, goals, content, strategies as well as the nurse’s role related to effectiveness. Methods: A systematic review was realized according to Cochrane review assumptions to identify, appraise and synthesize all empirical evidence meeting pre-specified eligibility criteria. The PRISMA statement guided the data extraction process (n = 55) from PubMed and CINAHL. Results: Of the RCTs in somatic care, 71% showed a positive effectiveness of nurse-led interventions, of which the nurse had a significant role with regard to being the main responsible in 67% of the studies. Also, 47% of the RCTs presented a theoretical standpoint related to the nurse-led interventions and most prominent were international evidence-based guidelines. Goals were found to have either a patient-centered or a professional-centered ambition. Strategies were based on patient-directed initiatives, nurse-patient-directed initiatives or nurse-directed initiatives, while contents were built upon either a patient-nurse interaction or a nursing management plan. Conclusions: This review underlines the necessity of a holistic view of a person, as nurse-led RCTs comprising a patient-centered ambition, patient-directed initiative and patient-nurse interaction plan showed beneficial nursing care effectiveness, particularly if theory-based. In a nurse-led RCT, a basic theoretical perspective is advantageous as well as to elucidate the role of the nurse in relation to the estimated effects.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Malmström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming growth factor-beta 1 specifically induce proteins involved in the myofibroblast contractile apparatus
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9484. ; 3:5, s. 466-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) induces alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen synthesis in fibroblast both in vivo and in vitro and plays a significant role in tissue repair and the development of fibrosis. During these processes the fibroblasts differentiate into activated fibroblasts (so called myofibroblasts), characterized by increased alpha-SMA expression. Because TGF-beta(1) is considered the main inducer of the myofibroblast phenotype and cytoskeletal changes accompany this differentiation, the main objective of this investigation was to study how TGF-beta(1) alters protein expression of cytoskeletal-associated proteins. Metabolic labeling of cell cultures by [(35)S]methionine, followed by protein separation on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, displayed approximately 2500 proteins in the pI interval of 3-10. Treatment of TGF-beta(1) led to specific spot pattern changes that were identified by mass spectrometry and represent specific induction of several members of the contractile apparatus such as calgizzarin, cofilin, and profilin. These proteins have not previously been shown to be regulated by TGF-beta(1), and the functional role of these proteins is to participate in the depolymerization and stabilization of the microfilaments. These results show that TGF-beta(1) induces not only alpha-SMA but a whole set of actin-associated proteins that may contribute to the increased contractile properties of the myofibroblast. These proteins accompany the induced expression of alpha-SMA and may participate in the formation of stress fibers, cell contractility, and cell spreading characterizing the myofibroblasts phenotype.
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| 5. |
- Adams, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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What is the word for 'Engineering' in Swedish : Swedish students conceptions of their discipline
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Engineering education in Sweden – as in the rest of the world – is experiencing a decline in student interest. There are concerns about the ways in which students think about engineering education, why they join an academic programme in engineering, and why they persist in their studies. In this context the aims of the Nationellt ämnesdidaktiskt Centrum för Teknikutbildning i Studenternas Sammanhang project (CeTUSS) is to investigate the student experience and to identify and support a continuing network of interested researchers, as well as in building capacity for disciplinary pedagogic investigation. The Stepping Stones project brings together these interests in a multi-researcher, multi-institutional study that investigates how tudents and academic staff perceive engineering in Sweden and in Swedish education. The first results of that project are reported here. As this study is situated uniquely in Swedish education, it allows for exploration of “a Swedish perspective” on conceptions of engineering. The Stepping Stones project was based on a model of research capacity-building previously instantiated in the USA and Australia (Fincher & Tenenberg, 2006).
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| 6. |
- Aganovic, Dario, et al.
(författare)
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Applicability of Engineering Design Theory on Manufacturing System Design in the Context of Concurrent Engineering
- 2004
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Ingår i: Methods and Tools for Co-operative and Integrated Design. - Dordrecht, Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 1402018894 ; , s. 145-158
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The relationship between a product and a manufacturing system is addressed in various engineering design theories. The different approaches in the engineering design field are mainly focused on product design. The purpose of this paper is to review theories in the area of engineering design, in order to discuss applicability of engineering design theories on the concurrent product and manufacturing system development. The reviewed theories are: Axiomatic Design, Robust Design, Theory of Domains, and Theory of Technical Systems.
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| 7. |
- Agardh, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of silent celiac disease at diagnosis of childhood type 1 diabetes by tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies and HLA
- 2001
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X. ; 2:2, s. 58-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aims were to estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase (IgA- and IgG-tTG), gliadin (AGA) and endomysium (EMA) in relation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1 alleles to identify silent celiac disease at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Methods: IgA- and IgG-tTG were measured in radioligand binding assays in 165 type 1 diabetic patients. Data on HLA-DQB1 were available for 148 patients and on both AGA and EMA for 164 patients. For patients considered positive for AGA or EMA, or both, an intestinal biopsy was suggested. HLA-DQB1 typing was carried out by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with allele specific probes. Results: Three patients, left out from further study of antibodies, but not from HLA-DQB1 analysis, had treated celiac disease at diagnosis. Out of the other 162 type 1 diabetic patients tested, nine had IgA-tTG, six IgG-tTG, eight EMA, and 11 AGA. Biopsy was suggested for nine patients, of whom six showed villous atrophy, one did not and two refused to participate. Thus, silent celiac disease was probable in 8/162 and biopsy-verified in 6/162, where five patients were AGA-positive and six either EMA-, IgA-tTG- or IgG-tTG-positive. Of the 11 patients with celiac disease (three with treated and eight with silent celiac disease), 10 were HLA-DQB1-typed, of whom 65% (13/20) had the DQB1*02 allele, compared with 36% (100/276; p = 0.011) of those without celiac disease. IgA-tTG levels were higher in patients having either *02 or *0302 (0.6; −1.3–112.4 RU) compared with those not having these alleles (0.4; −0.7–3.4 RU; p = 0.023). Conclusion: IgA-tTG are HLA-DQB1*02-associated autoantibodies with high sensitivity and specificity for silent celiac disease at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalization of Process Planning of Spot Welding in Body-in-white
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 618-623
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process planning of spot welding for body-in-white automobile structures involves several experimental (physical) welding trials to set the process parameters. These experimental trials are crucial in ensuring the quality and efficiency of the process. However, due to the iterative nature of the work, running several experiments is costly and time consuming prolonging the overall development cost and time significantly. To minimize the cost and time, replacing the physical tests by digital (virtual) tests is an established approach although not often applied for spot welding. However, for a long chain of development process with several iterative loops, this is not a trivial task considering the availability of information and continuity of the work flow. This paper reports the work and results of an industrial case study conducted on spot welding of a body-in-white car pillar in a Swedish auto manufacturer. The aim of the study is to investigate and propose the necessary conditions required to replace a physical test by virtual tests in terms of validity and expedited execution of the process. Information sharing, knowledge reuse and streamlining the work flow have found to be critical condition for valid and rapid virtual tests. © 2016 The Authors.
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| 9. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for assessing urban greenery's effects and valuing its ecosystem services
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 205, s. 274-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ongoing urban exploitation is increasing pressure to transform urban green spaces, while there is increasing awareness that greenery provides a range of important benefits to city residents. In efforts to help resolve associated problems we have developed a framework for integrated assessments of ecosystem service (ES) benefits and values provided by urban greenery, based on the ecosystem service cascade model. The aim is to provide a method for assessing the contribution to, and valuing, multiple ES provided by urban greenery that can be readily applied in routine planning processes. The framework is unique as it recognizes that an urban greenery comprises several components and functions that can contribute to multiple ecosystem services in one or more ways via different functional traits (e.g. foliage characteristics) for which readily measured indicators have been identified. The framework consists of five steps including compilation of an inventory of indicator; application of effectivity factors to rate indicators' effectiveness; estimation of effects; estimation of benefits for each ES; estimation of the total ES value of the ecosystem. The framework was applied to assess ecosystem services provided by trees, shrubs, herbs, birds, and bees, in green areas spanning an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden. Estimates of perceived values of ecosystem services were obtained from interviews with the public and workshop activities with civil servants. The framework is systematic and transparent at all stages and appears to have potential utility in the existing spatial planning processes.
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| 10. |
- Anselm, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Bannlys alla politiska beslut som ger mer klimatutsläpp
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Torftig valdebatt. Dagspolitiken klarar inte att hantera ödesfrågan om klimatet, vilket oroar oss. Vi föreslår därför ett ”utsläppsmoratorium”: inga beslut får tas som ökar utsläppen av växthusgaser. Principen måste kopplas till mål om exempelvis förnybar energi och grön infrastruktur, skriver 23 forskare och debattörer.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bagge, Mats, 1971-
(författare)
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An approach for systematic process planning of gear transmission parts
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this thesis is to find and develop methods that enhance and support the creation of evolvable master process plans with possibilities to challenge productivity and meet changing design requirements. The condition for achieving this is primarily that both the fundamental thinking and the results behind a process plan can be described. How should this be done? The focus is laid on process planning of gear transmission parts for heavy vehicles like trucks and coaches. Process planning is the activity where design and manufacturing are brought together with the common target to achieve both a competitive product and production process. There are many factors that influence the process planner when a new product or process shall be introduced for production. Process planning is, in most cases, performed by an experienced, skilled person but without any defined methodology or way of working. Much of the process planning is based on the retrieval of solutions already used. Much research effort has been devoted to developing systems for computer-aided process planning (CAPP). Yet CAPP systems have not been accepted and spread over a wide front within the manufacturing industry, much because of the functional incompleteness combined with the difficulties of adopting knowledge and changing requests. A method for systematic process planning is proposed as a way to perform and describe the procedure of creating a process plan. The method facilitates the interpretation and understanding of the plan, not only immediately for the process planner responsible, but also for designers, engineers, researchers and other interest groups involved in a manufacturing process. In the last chapter is a case study regarding manufacturing of a bevel gear pinion presented to exemplify use of the proposed method for systematic process planning.
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| 13. |
- Bagge, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of process parameters during press quenching of bevel gear parts
- 2012
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Ingår i: The 5th International Swedish Production Symposium. ; , s. 251-259
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defining manufacturing tolerances is an important task for a process planner before starting production of a new product or introducing new processes. One of the more complex processes to handle is the heat treatment of gears. Press quenching is a heat treatment method where the gear is mechanically forced to keep or attain the desired geometry, with less geometrical distortions in comparison to oil bath quenching. The objective of this paper is to discover how design of experiments can be used to scrutinize press quenching of bevel gears. The first part of this investigation shows how different process parameter settings influence geometry of the bevel gear. Based on the results of the experiments, predictions and statistical simulations, the outcome of the press quenching process can be estimated. Estimations for the number of defect parts then form the basis for evaluating whether the proposed tolerances meet the quality requirements. The work is based on an industrial case where 55 bevel gear crown wheels for heavy trucks are carburized and then case hardened in a Gleason press quenching machine.
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| 14. |
- Bagge, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Process chain based workpiece variation simulation for performance utilisation analysis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of The 6th International Swedish Production Symposium 2014. - : Chalmers university. - 9789198097412
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Propagation of shape variations in multi-step manufacturing processes, constrained by tolerance chains, is the consequence of sequenced operations defined in process planning. A key task in process planning is to define in-process workpiece (IPW) tolerances for efficient production ensuring conformance to the product design specification and good utilisation of the manufacturing resources. A dimension dependency chart has been developed for analysis of linked IPW tolerance chains and simulation of shape variation propagation caused by systematic and random errors. The results show how the traditional process capability index, used as an acceptance criterion for IPW tolerancing, limits the process performance utilisation.
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| 15. |
- Bagge, Mats, 1971-
(författare)
-
Process planning for precision manufacturing : An approach based on methodological studies
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Process planning is a task comprising a broad range of activities to design and develop an appropriate manufacturing process for producing a part. Interpretation of the part design, selection of manufacturing processes, definition of operations, operation sequences, machining datums, geometrical dimensions and tolerances are some common activities associated with the task. Process planning is also “the link between product design and manufacturing” with the supplementary commission to support design of competitive products.Process planning is of a complex and dynamic nature, often managed by a skilled person with few, or no, explicit methods to solve the task. The work is heuristic and the result is depending on personal experiences and decisions. Since decades, there have been plenty of attempts to develop systems for computer-aided process planning (CAPP). CAPP is still awaiting its breakthrough and one reason is the gap between the functionality of the CAPP systems and the industrial process planning practice.This thesis has an all-embracing aim of finding methods that cover essential activities for process planning, including abilities to predict the outcome of a proposed manufacturing process. This is realised by gathering supporting methods suitable to manage both qualitative and quantitative characterisation and analyses of a manufacturing process.The production research community has requested systematisation and deeper understanding of industrial process planning. This thesis contributes with a flow chart describing the process planning process (PPP), in consequence of the methodological studies. The flow chart includes process planning activities and information flows between these activities.The research has been performed in an industrial environment for high volume manufacturing of gear parts. Though gear manufacturing has many distinctive features, the methods and results presented in this thesis are generally applicable to precision manufacturing of many kinds of mechanical parts.
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| 16. |
- Bagge, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Tolerance chain design and analysis of in-process workpiece
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Engineering and Technologies. - 9789175018935 ; , s. 305-315
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process planning comprises a broad range of activities to define a complete process chain for the manufacturing of a product. Beside the definition of proper operations and operation sequence, the definition of in-process tolerances for multi-step machining is decisive for the possibilities to achieve a well running and economical production. This paper introduces the dimension dependency chart (DDC) as a methodology based on tolerance charting technique where the complete manufacturing process chain can be efficiently represented, analysed and developed. The DDC uses mapping matrices for the transformation of operation element behaviour to the process steps defined by the process planner and further on to the dimensions and tolerances for the final part. Two important comparisons can be done by using the DDC; the expected behaviour of the in-process steps versus the tolerances defined by the process planner and the allowed variations of the final part dimensions versus the designed product specification.
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| 17. |
- Barlow, Lotti, et al.
(författare)
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Nationellt fackspråk för vård och omsorg : Slutrapport
- 2011
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- SammanfattningEtt tillgängligt och använt nationellt fackspråk ska bidra till en god och säker vård och omsorg. Det ska även medverka till att kvaliteten och resultaten på området ska kunna följas upp och jämföras på ett mer effektivt sätt. Slutrapporten presenterar resultatet av projektet Nationellt fackspråk för vård och omsorg samt förslag till förvaltning och utveckling.ResultatetResultatet innefattar bland annat att det internationella begreppssystemet Snomed CT är översatt till svenska och att det är förberett för förvaltning och distribution. Socialstyrelsen har även tagit fram och testat metoder för förvaltning och utveckling av det nationella fackspråket i sin helhet. Därtill har representanter för målgrupperna informerats och fått kunskap.Rapporten innehåller en utförlig beskrivning av det nationella fackspråkets sammantagna innehåll: Socialstyrelsens termbank, klassifikationer och kodverk, den svenska versionen av Snomed CT, metoder för utveckling och förvaltning samt regler för användning.Förvaltning, införande och resursbehovI rapporten finns förslag till hur hela det nationella fackspråket kan tas omhand av Socialstyrelsen och hur det kan införas i vården och omsorgen. Projektets övergång till en långsiktigt hållbar organisation kräver resurser. Därför redogör rapporten för det förväntade resursbehovet för förvaltning och utveckling. Bland annat föreslås en treårig utbildningsinsats samt stimulansbidrag för införande.Krav på styrning, samordning och förtydligat ansvarRapporten betonar behovet av en samlad och medveten styrning av utvecklingen inom området. Socialstyrelsen vill ha en samordnande roll i utvecklingen och förvaltningen av det nationella fackspråket. Myndigheten föreslås få det initiala ansvaret för att utbilda användare och att driva frågor om det nationella fackspråket.Vidare vill Socialstyrelsen få ett uttalat mandat att samordna de nationella aktiviteter som drivs med koppling till Snomed CT. Rapporten pekar ut några särskilt prioriterade områden som myndigheten borde få i uppdrag att arbeta vidare inom.Kunskapsstyrning och normgivningEn viktig slutsats i rapporten är att användningen av det nationella fackspråket behöver regleras för att målet om ökad säkerhet för klienter och patienter ska kunna uppnås. I dagsläget bedöms föreskrifter vara den metod som bäst kan garantera ett brett genomförande.Målgrupper för slutrapportenSlutrapporten riktar sig till beslutsfattare i kommuner och landsting, vård- och omsorgspersonal med särskilt intresse eller ansvar för dokumentationsfrågor och professionella organisationer. Den riktar sig också till terminologiansvariga i kommuner och landsting, IT-direktörer, IT-leverantörer samt aktörer inom den nationella strategin för eHälsa.
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| 18. |
- Berggren, Daniel Moreno, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic scoring systems for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in a population-based setting : a report from the Swedish MDS register
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 181:5, s. 614-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have highly variable outcomes and prognostic scoring systems are important tools for risk assessment and to guide therapeutic decisions. However, few population-based studies have compared the value of the different scoring systems. With data from the nationwide Swedish population-based MDS register we validated the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), revised IPSS (IPSS-R) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification-based Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS). We also present population-based data on incidence, clinical characteristics including detailed cytogenetics and outcome from the register. The study encompassed 1329 patients reported to the register between 2009 and 2013, 14% of these had therapy-related MDS (t-MDS). Based on the MDS register, the yearly crude incidence of MDS in Sweden was 2.9 per 100000 inhabitants. IPSS-R had a significantly better prognostic power than IPSS (P < 0001). There was a trend for better prognostic power of IPSS-R compared to WPSS (P=0.05) and for WPSS compared to IPSS (P=0.07). IPSS-R was superior to both IPSS and WPSS for patients aged <= 70years. Patients with t-MDS had a worse outcome compared to de novo MDS (d-MDS), however, the validity of the prognostic scoring systems was comparable for d-MDS and t-MDS. In conclusion, population-based studies are important to validate prognostic scores in a real-world' setting. In our nationwide cohort, the IPSS-R showed the best predictive power.
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| 19. |
- Bjelkemyr, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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An engineering systems perspective on system of systems methodology
- 2007
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Ingår i: 2007 1st Annual IEEE Systems Conference. - 9781424410408 ; , s. 185-191
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditional methodologies for system design and development have proven insufficient when it comes to very large and distributed systems. As a consequence, research on complex socio-technical systems i.e. System-of-Systems [SoS], has evolved, At the same time, researchers of complex systems that are not SoS have started to pay attention to the tools and methods developed within the area of SoS. The purpose of this paper is therefore twofold: (1) to improve the understanding of SoS and SoS methods from a non-SoS point of view, by presenting SoS definitions, properties and behavior of SoS, and (2) to analyze current non-SoS development methodologies to test their applicability in a SoS environment. Finally a metric for the well-being of a SoS is introduced.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Bjelkemyr, Marcus, 1975-
(författare)
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System of Systems Characteristics in Production System Engineering
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents a systems view of production, where production systems are compared and contrasted with other large and complex systems, commonly labeled System of Systems (SoS). The rationale for this approach lies in the evolution of production systems towards being holistic, sustainable, and agile; which increases the need for an improved understanding of both how internal system are interrelated, and how the production system interacts with its environment. In turn, this leads to an increase of complexity for the production system, which leads to new requirements on systems engineering.The definition of SoS is extensively discussed, and in this thesis formalized with regards to certain system characteristics that SoS exhibit. The presence of these characteristics is evaluated for three different levels of production systems to determine if they should be considered SoS. In the second part of the thesis, the SoS characteristics are addressed from an engineering point of view, i.e. if and how SoS properties are currently addressed in production systems engineering.Two main results are presented in this thesis: (1) production systems exhibit SoS characteristics; (2) SoS characteristics are not and cannot be addressed with current systems engineering methods. How SoS characteristics can be addressed is briefly discussed in the frame of reference.An additional purpose of this thesis is to initiate a new research area where production systems research and complex systems research are merged.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Borghammar, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of refractoriness when testing growth hormone levels in children
- 2023
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Ingår i: Growth Hormone and IGF Research. - 1096-6374. ; 71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Late night spontaneous growth hormone (GH) pulses may influence the pituitary GH response to provocation tests. We evaluated GH response during arginine-insulin-tolerance test (AITT) after a GH peak during a short spontaneous nocturnal profile (SSNP) in children with short stature or low growth velocity. Design: Using SSNP and subsequent AITT, we examined 257 children 4–18 years old (138 (53.7%) males) recruited from three hospitals. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Refractory children were defined as a GH peak ≥7 μg/L during SSNP but no GH peak ≥7 μg/L during AITT. Results: In total, 201/257 children had a GH peak ≥7 μg/L at SSNP and/or AITT. Of these, 21.9% were refractory. The proportion of males (p = 0.033) and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) (p = 0.037) were higher in the refractory group than in children with a GH peak ≥7 μg/L during AITT. The median period between last GH peak ≥7 μg/L during SSNP and GHmax at AITT was 210 (30–390) minutes. The GHmax at AITT occurred 30 min earlier for children without a peak ≥7 μg/L during the SSNP (p = 0.004). The number of refractoriness differed somewhat between the hospitals (p = 0.025). Conclusions: Many children with short stature were refractory at testing; among them we found few clinical characteristics. Refractoriness might be influenced by some differences in procedure, but needs to be considered when evaluating GH response in children.
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| 26. |
- Carlson, Marie, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Transnational mobility of higher education within Asia – Strategies and educational conditions among young people related to gender, ethnicity and class
- 2012
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Ingår i: GEA – Gender and Education Association Conference April 11-13, Göteborg. Theme: Gender and Democracy: Gender Research in times of change.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transnational mobility in higher education within Asia – Strategies and educational conditions among young people related to gender, ethnicity and class. This workshop mainly invites to a methodological discussion within an ongoing interdisciplinary project focusing on inter-Asian education mobility – a theme that so far has been given little attention even though access to education has long been the reason for migration and mobility. Many Asian youths travel abroad and study in their neighbouring countries - however, the interest has most often been on the increased numbers of young people from Asian countries who obtain higher education in Western countries. By taking a perspective that situates individuals at the centre this study investigates young people’s strategies, experiences and visions in different Asian contexts. Particular interest is paid to power hierarchies based on class, ethnicity, gender, and religion. Theoretical the project employs the concept of social transnational fields and draws inspiration from cultural, migration, global, and gender studies, as well as postcolonial theory. Six researchers are involved in the project and carry out fieldwork among students who study in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Middle East, Thailand and Turkey and the students come from neighbouring Asian countries. The research group collaborates in the development of theory and methodology. Disciplines represented in the study are Islamic studies, sociology, anthropology and history. The students’/the subjects’ experiences are in the centre of the research and through the use of life stories as its research methodology, the research group approaches transnational mobility in a unique way. Furthermore a so-called soft comparison is used, contrasting the material in order to generate mutual interpretative advantages. The academic importance of the project lies in its theoretical and methodological approach, but also in the empirical data it generates. The overall aim of the project is dealing with the transnational space and values that govern the various study options and strategies – how students regard the “homeland” and “host” country – the importance of gender, ethnicity and how students are affected by mobility as part of the their own social, political and religious context. At the workshop all six researchers in the project will present some preliminary results based on recent field data and discuss what kind of themes and intersecting aspects we are trying to involve when approaching the students in using life stories. Likewise discuss possibilities/difficulties in conducting a multi-sited interdisciplinary study. In addition to the researchers in the project we hope for at least 10-20 persons to participate in the discussion.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Carlsson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of IgA-antiendomysium and IgA-antigliadin autoantibodies at diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Swedish children and adolescents
- 1999
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 1098-4275 .- 0031-4005. ; 103:6 I, s. 1248-1252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in children and adolescents at diagnosis of insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) before insulin treatment was started. Material and Methods. At diagnosis of IDDM, and before treatment was started, 115 children and adolescents were screened for IgA-antiendomysium (EMA) and IgA-antigliadin antibodies (AGA). Those found to be EMA-positive and/or AGA- positive were investigated further with intestinal biopsy. Results. Of the 115 patients, 2 had known CD at diagnosis of IDDM; of the remainder of patients, 6% (7/113) were found to be EMA-positive and 9% (10/113) were found to have AGA levels above normal. Of the 6 patients who underwent biopsy, 5 manifested villous atrophy. In addition, 2 patients with high EMA and AGA antibody titers refused biopsy, and 4 patients with low EMA and/or AGA titers were found to have normal titers at control before biopsy decision. Conclusion. Because the prevalence of CD at diagnosis of IDDM would seem to be 6% to 8%, screening for CD seems to be justified among patients with newly diagnosed IDDM.
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| 29. |
- Carlsson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of IgA-antigliadin antibodies and IgA-antiendomysium antibodies related to celiac disease in children with Down syndrome
- 1998
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 1098-4275 .- 0031-4005. ; 101:2, s. 5-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three children and adolescents with Down syndrome were screened for IgA-antigliadin antibodies (AGA) and IgA-antiendomysium antibodies (EMA). Patients found to be either AGA- or EMA-positive were investigated further with intestinal biopsy.RESULTS: None of the 43 patients had known celiac disease at entry into the study; 37% (16/43) were found to have AGA levels above normal, and 16% (7/43) to be EMA-positive. Of the 15 patients who underwent biopsy, 8 manifested villous atrophy. Villous atrophy was present in all 7 of the EMA-positive patients, whereas the villi were normal in 7 of the 13 AGA-positive patients who underwent biopsy.CONCLUSIONS: EMA is a good immunologic marker for use in screening for celiac disease, and screening is justified in patients with Down syndrome.
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| 30. |
- Christensson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Safety of inhaled budesonide: clinical manifestations of systemic corticosteroid-related adverse effects.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Drug Safety. - 1179-1942. ; 31:11, s. 965-988
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy is central to the long-term management of asthma and is extensively used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While administration via inhalation limits systemic exposure compared with oral or injected corticosteroids and, therefore, the risk of systemic corticosteroid-related adverse effects, concerns over the long-term safety of ICS persist. The assessment of the long-term effects of ICS therapy requires considerable research effort over years or even decades. Surrogate markers/predictors for clinical endpoints such as adrenal crisis, reduced final height and fractures have been identified for use in relatively short-term studies. However, the predictive value of such markers remains questionable.Inhaled budesonide has been available since the early 1980s and there is a considerable evidence base investigating the safety of this agent. To assess the long-term safety of inhaled budesonide therapy in terms of the actual incidence of the clinical endpoints adrenal crisis/insufficiency, reduced final height, fractures and pregnancy complications, we undertook a review of the scientific literature. The external databases BIOSIS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Current Contents, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and MEDLINE were searched, in addition to AstraZeneca's internal product literature database Planet, up to 29 February 2008. Only original articles of epidemiological studies, national surveys, clinical trials and case reports concerning inhaled budesonide were included.Eight surveys of adrenal crisis were found. The only survey with specified criteria for diagnosis involved 2912 paediatricians and endocrinologists and revealed 33 patients with adrenal crisis associated with ICS therapy; only one patient used budesonide (in co-treatment with fluticasone propionate). In addition, 14 case reports of adrenal crisis in budesonide-treated patients were found. In only two of these, budesonide was used at recommended doses and in the absence of interacting medication.Three retrospective studies and one prospective study assessing final height were found. None of them showed any reduced final height in patients receiving inhaled budesonide during childhood or adolescence.Seventeen epidemiological studies investigating the risk of fractures were found. When adjusting for confounding factors, they did not provide any unequivocal data for an increased fracture risk with budesonide. Four prospective placebo-controlled clinical trials of 2-6 years duration with inhaled budesonide in patients with asthma or COPD were found. None of the studies identified any association between inhaled budesonide and increased risk for fractures.Four studies using data from the Swedish birth and health registries showed there was no increased risk for congenital malformations, cardiovascular defects, decreased gestational age, birth weight or birth length among infants born to women using inhaled budesonide during pregnancy compared with the general population. This was confirmed by five observational studies in Australia, Canada, Hungary, Japan and the US. Similarly, one randomized clinical trial comparing pregnancy outcomes among asthma patients receiving inhaled budesonide or placebo did not demonstrate any difference in outcome of pregnancy.In summary, based on 25 years of experience with different doses and in different populations, inhaled budesonide therapy only in very rare cases appears to be associated with an increased risk of adrenal crisis, reduction in final height, increases in the number of fractures or complications during pregnancy.
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| 31. |
- Creignou, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Early transfusion patterns improve the Molecular International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-M) prediction in myelodysplastic syndromes
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : WILEY. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Molecular International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-M) is the new gold standard for diagnostic outcome prediction in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This study was designed to assess the additive prognostic impact of dynamic transfusion parameters during early follow-up. Methods We retrieved complete transfusion data from 677 adult Swedish MDS patients included in the IPSS-M cohort. Time-dependent erythrocyte transfusion dependency (E-TD) was added to IPSS-M features and analyzed regarding overall survival and leukemic transformation (acute myeloid leukemia). A multistate Markov model was applied to assess the prognostic value of early changes in transfusion patterns. Results Specific clinical and genetic features were predicted for diagnostic and time-dependent transfusion patterns. Importantly, transfusion state both at diagnosis and within the first year strongly predicts outcomes in both lower (LR) and higher-risk (HR) MDSs. In multivariable analysis, 8-month landmark E-TD predicted shorter survival independently of IPSS-M (p < 0.001). A predictive model based on IPSS-M and 8-month landmark E-TD performed significantly better than a model including only IPSS-M. Similar trends were observed in an independent validation cohort (n = 218). Early transfusion patterns impacted both future transfusion requirements and outcomes in a multistate Markov model. Conclusion The transfusion requirement is a robust and available clinical parameter incorporating the effects of first-line management. In MDS, it provides dynamic risk information independently of diagnostic IPSS-M and, in particular, clinical guidance to LR MDS patients eligible for potentially curative therapeutic intervention.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Danenberg, P. V., et al.
(författare)
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Folates as adjuvants to anticancer agents: Chemical rationale and mechanism of action
- 2016
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Ingår i: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-8428. ; 106, s. 118-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folates have been used with cytotoxic agents for decades and today they are used in hundreds of thousands of patients annually. Folate metabolism is complex. In the treatment of cancer with 5-fluorouracil, the administration of folates mechanistically leads to the formation of [6R]-5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate, and the increased concentration of this molecule leads to stabilization of the ternary complex comprising thymidylate synthase, 2'-deoxy-uridine-5'-monophosphate, and [6R]-5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate.The latter is the only natural folate that can bind directly in the ternary complex, with other folates requiring metabolic activation. Modulation of thymidylate synthase activity became central in the study of folate/cytotoxic combinations and, despite wide use, research into the folate component was neglected, leaving important questions unanswered. This article revisits the mechanisms of action of folates and evaluates commercially available folate derivatives in the light of current research. Better genomic insight and availability of new analytical techniques and stable folate compounds may open new avenues of research and therapy, ultimately bringing increased clinical benefit to patients. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 34. |
- Elfving, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Epitope Analysis of GAD65 Binding in both Cord Blood and at the Time of Clinical Diagnosis of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Hormone and Metabolic Research. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1439-4286 .- 0018-5043. ; 39:11, s. 790-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The GAD65 epitope immunoglobulin binding pattern in cord blood of children (n=37), who later developed type 1 diabetes at 3.2-14.9 years of age, was analyzed. First, the binding at diagnosis was compared with that in the cord blood serum. The next comparison was between the cord blood serum and the mothers' serum taken at delivery. Basal GAD65 binding levels were determined in Protein A Sepharose-based radio-binding assays with S-35-labeled human and rat GAD65, rat GAD67 and GAD65/67 fusion proteins representing N-terminal (N), middle (M) and C-terminal (C) epitopes. In the first comparison, 28/37 children had GAD65 binding above 2.44 relative units (RU) (upper three quartiles), representing a marked increase from birth in the binding to human GAD65 (p < 0.0001), rat GAD65 (p < 0.0001), N- (p = 0.04), M- (p < 0.0001), C- (p=0.001), and M + C-epitopes (p < 0.0001), but not to rat GAD67. At birth, 9/37 had GAD65 binding above 1.56 RU (upper quartile) demonstrating that their binding of human S-35-GAD65 was higher in cord blood than in the mother (p=0.008). Higher cord blood binding was also observed for the N- (p=0.02) terminal epitope but not for rat GAD65, rat GAD67, and the remaining epitopes. These data suggest that differences in the epitope GAD65 binding between mother and child at birth are limited. In contrast, the epitope pattern at diagnosis differed from that at birth, supporting the view that disease-associated epitopes develop between birth and diagnosis.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Elfving, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal enterovirus infection during pregnancy as a risk factor in Offspring Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes between 15 and 30 years of age
- 2008
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Ingår i: Experimental Diabetes Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-5214 .- 1687-5303. ; , s. 271958-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maternal enterovirus infections during pregnancy may increase the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes during childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gestational enterovirus infections increase the offspring's risk of type 1 diabetes later in life. Serum samples from 30 mothers without diabetes whose offspring developed type 1 diabetes between 15 and 25 years of age were analyzed for enterovirus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and enterovirus genome (RNA), and compared to a control group. Among the index mothers, 9/30 (30%) were enterovirus IgM-positive, and none was positive for enterovirus RNA. In the control group, 14/90 (16%) were enterovirus IgM-positive, and 4/90 (4%) were positive for enterovirus RNA (n.s.). Boys of enterovirus IgM-positive mothers had approximately 5 times greater risk of developing diabetes (OR 4.63; 95% CI 1.22-17.6), as compared to boys of IgM-negative mothers (P < .025). These results suggest that gestational enterovirus infections may be related to the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes in adolescence and young adulthood.
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| 38. |
- Elfving, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Number of islet autoantibodies present in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children born to non-diabetic mothers is affected by islet autoantibodies present at birth.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 9, s. 127-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Cord blood islet autoantibodies in children born to mothers with type 1 diabetes may be associated with a reduced risk of islet autoimmunity and diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate in children with type 1 diabetes but born to non-diabetic mothers whether islet autoantibodies at birth affected their presence at diagnosis. Patients and methods: Serum samples at birth and at diagnosis were available from 141 children who developed type 1 diabetes between 1 and 19 yr of age (median 9.0 yr; male/female ratio 83/58). The samples were tested for autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma-associated antigen 2, and insulin as well as for islet cell antibodies. The human leukocyte antigen genotype was also determined. Results: The frequency of islet autoantibodies in the umbilical cord blood was 11% compared with 91% at diagnosis. Children with fewer islet autoantibodies at diagnosis were more likely to have had autoantibodies at birth (p = 0.02). Autoantibodies present in cord blood at birth were observed in 25% (3/12) of children with no islet autoantibodies at diagnosis, in 17% (7/42) of children with one or two antibodies at diagnosis, and in only 5% (4/86) of children with more than two antibodies, demonstrating an inverse relationship between autoantibodies at birth and at diagnosis (test for trend, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that exposure to cord blood islet autoantibodies may influence the presence of islet autoantibodies at the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and explain why some type 1 diabetes children are islet autoantibody negative at clinical diagnosis.
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| 39. |
- Fahlkrans, Johan, 1980-
(författare)
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Effects of manufacturing chain on mechanical performance : Study on heat treatment of powertrain components
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increasing demands for lightweight designs with high strength call for improved manufacturing processes regarding heat treatment of steel. The manufacturing process has considerable potential to improve the mechanical performance and to obtain more reliable results with less variation.The goal of this thesis is to establish new knowledge regarding improved manufacturing processes in industrial heat treatment applications. Three research questions with associated hypotheses are formulated. Process experiments, evaluation of the mechanical performance, and modelling of the fatigue behaviour assist in answering the questions.The gas quenching procedure following low-pressure carburising differs from the conventional procedure of gas carburising and oil quenching. It is shown that the introduction of a holding time during the low-temperature part of the quench has a positive effect on mechanical properties, with some 20 percent increase in fatigue strength. This is attributed to increased compressive surface residual stress and stabilisation of austenite.Tempering is a common manufacturing process step following hardening in order to increase the toughness of the steel. However, the research shows that the higher hardness from eliminating tempering from the manufacturing process is beneficial for contact fatigue resistance. The untempered steel showed not only less contact fatigue damage but also a different contact fatigue mechanism.Straightening of elongated components is made after heat treatment in order to compensate for distortions. The research shows that straightening of induction hardened shafts may lead to lowering of the fatigue strength of up to 20 percent. A fracture mechanics based model is developed to estimate the effects of straightening on fatigue strength.
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| 40. |
- Falt, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure of infants to budesonide through breast milk of asthmatic mothers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 120:4, s. 798-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Maintenance treatment with inhaled corticosteroids is often required for asthmatic nursing women. Data on the transfer of inhaled corticosteroids from plasma to breast milk and the subsequent exposure of the breast-feeding infant has been unavailable. Objective: We sought to assess budesonide concentrations in milk and plasma of asthmatic nursing women receiving maintenance treatment with the Pulmicort Turbuhaler and estimate the exposure of their breast-fed infants. Methods: Milk and plasma samples were collected up to 8 hours after dosing from 8 mothers receiving budesonide maintenance treatment (200 or 400 mu g twice daily). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from budesonide milk and plasma concentrations. Infant exposure was estimated based on average milk budesonide concentrations. A single blood sample was obtained from 5 infants close to expected infant maximum concentration. Results: Budesonide concentrations in milk reflected those in maternal plasma, supporting passive diffusion of budesonide between plasma and milk, and was always lower than that in plasma. The mean milk/plasma ratio was 0.46. The estimated daily infant dose was 0.3% of the daily maternal dose for both dose levels, and the average plasma concentration in infants was estimated to be 1/600th of the concentrations observed in maternal plasma, assuming complete infant oral bioavailability. Budesonide concentrations in infant plasma samples were all less than the limit of quantification. Conclusion: Maintenance treatment with inhaled budesonide (200 or 400 mu g twice daily) in asthmatic nursing women results in negligible systemic exposure to budesonide in breast-fed infants. Clinical implications: These data support continued use of inhaled budesonide during breast-feeding.
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| 41. |
- Forsgärde, Elin-Sofie
(författare)
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Pathways for older patients in acute situations and involved actors' experiences of decision-making in ambulatory care
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The overall aim was to describe and compare pathways for older patients and the involved actors’ experiences of decision-making in acute situations in ambulatory care.Methods: The overall three-fold design, comprising exploratory, descriptive as well as comparative ones, was conducted inductively, including a mixed method with a convergent integrated approach to empirical data. The four involved studies were analysed using either quantitative or qualitative analysis methods.Results: Most older patients’ pathways when being assessed by ambulance personnel involved receiving care at hospitals. However, an increasing trend of non-conveyance to hospitals was identified during a five-year period (2014–2018), which means receiving care, for example, at home or primary healthcare (PHC) centres. Decision-making about the level-of-care for older patients was more or less uncertain for all involved actors, i.e. older patients, significant others and healthcare professionals such as ambulance personnel, registered nurses, specialists in general practice at PHC centres and community health nurses. To increase the level of certainty in the decision-making process, all actors was supported by both an individual and external dialogue. Individual dialogue gave support by using own experience and knowledge. For ambulance personnel and community health nurses, support was also partially gained from decision support tools but was regarded as insufficient when older patients had non-specific symptoms. External dialogue provided support through mutuality, and via collaboration, a common goal, trust and responsibility. Mutuality gave support through experience and knowledge being shared with all involved actors, which provided a common comprehensive understanding that facilitated consensus in the decision-making.Conclusion: The increasing level of non-conveyance to hospitals and uncertainty during decision-making highlights the need to develop and extend the availability of dialogue-based collaborations as support in ambulatory care. Dialogue-based support involves all actors contributing to the decision-making. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of the prerequisites and the support that mutuality in external dialogues brings. Healthcare organisations need to develop and extend dialogue-based collaboration in ambulatory care by combining different expertise and providing conditions to increase support in decisions adapted to older patients' needs.
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| 42. |
- Fridlund, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Essentials of teamcare in randomized controlled trials of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary interventions in somatic care : A systematic review
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 5:12, s. 1089-1101
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Teamcare should, like all patient care, also contribute to evidence-based practice (EBP). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on teamcare have been performed but no study has addressed its essentials. How far this EBP has progressed in different health aspects is generally established in systematic reviews of RCTs.Aim: The aim is to determine the essentials of teamcare including the nurse profession in RCTs of multi- or interdisciplinary interventions in somatic care focusing on the stated context, goals, strategies, content as well as effectiveness of quality of care.Methods: A systematic review was performed according to Cochrane review assumptions to identify, appraise and synthesize all empirical evidence meeting pre-specified eligibility criteria. The PRISMA statement guided the data selection process of 27 articles from PubMed and CINAHL.Results: Eighty-five percent of RCTs in somatic care showed a positive effectiveness of teamcare interventions, of which interdisciplinary ones showed a greater effectiveness compared with the multidisciplinary approach (100% vs 76%). Also theory-based RCTs presented higher positive effectiveness (85%) compared with non-theory-based RCTs (79%). The RCTs with positive effectiveness showed greater levels for professional-centered ambition in terms of goals and for team-directed initiatives in terms of strategy, and a significantly higher level for patient-team interaction plans in terms of content was shown.Conclusions: Teamcare RCTs are still grounded in the multidisciplinary approach having a professional-centered ambition while interdisciplinary approaches especially those that are theory-based appear to be essential with regard to positive effectiveness and preferable when person-centered careis applied.
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| 43. |
- Ge, Yu, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Validation of Single Base Station 5G mm Wave Positioning: Initial Findings
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 25th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2022. - Piscataway : IEEE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G cellular networks can utilize millimeter wave signals, and support large bandwidths and large antenna arrays, which provide more geometric-based signals and higher delay and angle resolutions. These merits bring new opportunities in positioning the user with limited infrastructure through the use of combined angle and delay information. However, there are many practical challenges to overcome, in order to have a functioning single base station 5G mmWave positioning system. In this paper, we describe a deployed single base station mmWave positioning system, and provide an example of the measurement data. Furthermore, we perform measurement validation on a limited measurement data set by performing base station localization. Additional evaluations performed on simulation model data provide guidelines on the required size of the data set and receiver antenna configuration, which will be implemented in upcoming measurements.
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| 44. |
- Ge, Yu, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Validation of Single BS 5G mmWave Positioning and Mapping for Intelligent Transport
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; In Press
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positioning with 5G signals generally requires connection to several base stations (BSs), which makes positioning more demanding in terms of infrastructure than communications. To address this issue, there have been several theoretical studies on single BS positioning, leveraging high-resolution angle and delay estimation and multipath exploitation possibilities at mmWave frequencies. This paper presents the first realistic experimental validation of such studies, involving a commercial 5G mmWave BS with a customized beam sweep procedure and a user equipment (UE) development kit mounted on a test vehicle. We present the relevant signal models, and signal processing methods, and validate these based on data collected in an outdoor science park environment. Our results indicate that positioning is possible, but the performance is limited by the knowledge of the position and orientation of the infrastructure and the multipath visibility and diversity
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| 45. |
- Gerth, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Design for construction : Utilizing production experiences in development
- 2013
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Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-6193 .- 1466-433X. ; 31, s. 135-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design process has a significant impact on the performance and profitability of a housing project. Therefore, decisions made during the design process should take into consideration knowledge and experience from other processes in previously accomplished projects, specifically from the production phase. How to capture and use production experience in housing has not gained enough interest, possibly leading to sub-optimal improvements during the construction process. This motivates research on how onsite production experience from similar previous projects can be captured and used to improve constructability without risking customer values. Based on the concept of constructability, ’design for manufacturing and assembly’ and the theory of waste, the method ’design for construction’ (DFC) has been developed. The four-step model complements the conventional construction process, and consists of the following steps: (1) specify customer values and similar previous projects; (2) identify onsite waste and cost drivers in previous projects; (3) develop criteria to evaluate constructability; and (4) evaluate constructability of the design. The DFC method is exemplified and tested through a case study, in which it was shown that the method facilitated identification of all problems that were considered in the investigated project. The method also highlighted other project obstacles that potentially could have been solved to improve constructability.
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| 46. |
- Gerth, Robert, 1978-
(författare)
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En företagsmodell för modernt industriellt byggande
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industrial housing is the strategy of the future for efficient housing. The strategy exploits the principles and work methods of production systems and is applied to the construction industry. Traditionally the construction sector considers production of one-of-a-kind products as de facto solutions. However, this strategy requires new paradigms, supporting methodologies and business models. The purpose of this thesis is to present and describe a business model that supports the strategy, which meet the project oriented market’s one-of-a-kind demands with customized multi-story houses. Industrial manufacturing of customized houses can be accomplished by industrial strategies, such as Mass Customization. The prerequisites are that the organizational properties, mentioned in the list below, have to be integrated and adjusted to the elementary principles of industrial production and Mass Customization. Fundamental philosophy of the Company Organizational Structure and Management Market and Business Process Product ModelProduction System Information and Communication Systems In this thesis an industrial approach was used to identify the fundamental characteristics in industrial manufacturing and Mass Customization, and its influence of the organizational properties for industrial housing. The foundations of industrial production are a standardized product structure, standardized processes, manual and machine operations, process oriented production, and controlled material flow. Mass Customization is a strategy to achieve customized but industrial produced products with the same efficiency as mass production. It is based on standardized product models, which can be configured and flexible production systems, in which process and resources can be reconfigured in a systematic way. On the basis of this a normative business model (The MC-House) was developed, empirical tested and validated through case studies. The truck manufacture, Scania CV AB, and the industrial housing entrepreneur, NCC Komponent AB, were investigated by interviews and company archives. The result showed that on organizational property level the business model was generic and valid for industrial manufacturing of discrete configured products. In what extent individual products could be configured and produced with a certain performance, require different designs within the organizational properties. The more individual configuration that could be managed, the more complex the executive management gets. To achieve an effective business the complexity has to be met by definition, systemizing, and integration on the corresponding organizational hierarchic level as the configuration is managed. When considered the fundamental characteristics of construction, buildings has to be assembled there it will be used, the result also showed that the production system for industrial housing should be divided in two. One stationary manufacturing system, the factory, and one mobile assemble system at the construction site. Another condition that has to be considered is that the generic product model should be able to meet the local requirements. Further the study indicated that the a industrial housing company is different from a traditional construction company, regarding the organizational structure, the market management, production approach, product model handling, business and project processes. Within an industrial housing company the activity is process oriented around the continuous production process. This mean that a house or a project cannot be considered as strictly unique, rather just another order which is made of standardized components, produced in the same process and with same recourses as previous and future other orders. In fact an industrial housing company has more in common with organizations of industrial manufacturing than with classical construction entrepreneurs organized for project oriented and hand craft production.
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| 47. |
- Gerth, Robert, 1978-
(författare)
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The Role of Production Topology in Information Based Structuring of Organizations : The design of craft-based and industrialized construction firms
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industrialization of construction is a business strategy to significantly improve competitiveness. However, the organization structure of the construction firms needs to support the new production system. The knowledge on why and how this business development can be accomplished is scarce, both within academia and in business practice. This research seeks to fill this knowledge gap.The purpose of organization structure and the production system have is to coordinate the firm’s processes and control the work performing resources. Information is one of the most fundamental dimensions for steering and controlling the work. The different information types are determined by the firm’s product customization strategy and the production system flexibility. Further, diverse information types are managed in different extent by the organizational steering mechanisms. Consequently, firms with dissimilar customization strategy or production flexibility should organizationally be designed differently in order to be efficient.The developed model identifies four generic production topologies: “engineer-to-order” (ETO), “manufacture-to-order” (MTO), “assembly-to-order” (ATO), and “make-standard-products” (MSP). The differences between the topologies can be related to the location of the “customer-order-decoupling-point” (CODP) in the product realization process; and to what extent the upstream and downstream processes continuously use stored information or process information to accomplish the work of each product order. The model predicts which organization structure mechanisms that should be used for which processes for each production topology. It is the specific configuration of the mechanisms that gives each production topology their organizational capability. The model has been validated by case studies in four organizations, each representing one of the four generic production topologies. Three cases considered housing and one studied truck manufacturing.It has been shown that the conventional housing firms have an ETO-production topology, while industrialized housing firms belonging to one of the others, i.e. MTO, ATO or MSP. The reason is that ETO-firms rely on crafts-based production to manage the work, while the other topologies base their steering mechanisms on industrial principles. These two types of production are fundamentally different, which also explain the need for different organization structures. The research complements previous knowledge and significantly increases the ability to predict, analyze and explain an organization’s design and behavior. The model can be used in practice to guide business development work and performance improvement programs.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Hallman, David, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of static contraction and cold stimulation on cardiovascular autonomic indices, trapezius blood flow and muscle activity in chronic neck-shoulder pain
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 111:8, s. 1725-1735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate reactions in trapezius muscle blood flow (MBF), muscle activity, heart rate variability (HRV) and systemic blood pressure (BP) to autonomic tests in subjects with chronic neck-shoulder pain and healthy controls. Changes in muscle activity and blood flow due to stress and unfavourable muscle loads are known underlying factors of work-related muscle pain. Aberration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is considered a possible mechanism. In the present study, participants (n = 23 Pain, n = 22 Control) performed autonomic tests which included a resting condition, static hand grip test (HGT) at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, a cold pressor test (CPT) and a deep breathing test (DBT). HRV was analysed in time and frequency domains. MBF and muscle activity were recorded from the upper trapezius muscles using photoplethysmography and electromyography (EMG). The pain group showed reduced low frequency-HRV (LF) and SDNN during rest, as well as a blunted BP response and increased LF-HRV during HGT (a dagger systolic 22 mm Hg; a dagger LF(nu) 27%) compared with controls (a dagger systolic 27; a dagger LF(nu) 6%). Locally, the pain group had attenuated trapezius MBF in response to HGT (Pain 122% Control 140%) with elevated trapezius EMG following HGT and during CPT. In conclusion, only HGT showed differences between groups in systemic BP and HRV and alterations in local trapezius MBF and EMG in the pain group. Findings support the hypothesis of ANS involvement at systemic and local levels in chronic neck-shoulder pain.
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- Hellfeldt, Karin, 1985-
(författare)
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The Hurt Self : Bullied Children's Experiences of Social Support, Recognition and Trust at School
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to add to the development the knowledge base of bullying research with particular focus on processes of victimization within a Swedish context. The goal is to a contribute to understanding the consequences of being bullied by examining patterns of change in bullying victimization over time and how potential positive social interactions and relationships might promote the well-being of bullied children. A mix-methods research design was used, including quantitative data from a one-year longitudinal study, using individual data, from 3,347 pupils (grades 4 to 9, in 44 schools) and five in-depth qualitative interviews with former victims of bullying. From an overview of the research field it was concluded that there is a general shortage of theoretical perspectives within the field of bullying research. Correlation studies have linked negative health consequences with bullying. However, this kind of research design provides few insights into how and why bullied children experience the kinds of problems that they do. By adopting a theoretical understanding of how ‘self’ is realized through interactions with others, this dissertation moves beyond correlation- based explanations of the mechanisms behind the link between bullying and its consequences in order to be able to offer more targeted support for those schoolchildren who are, or have been subjected to bullying. An argument is made for the importance of understanding the social processes behind bullying It is argued that being subjected to bullying victimization is a transient life experience for about three quarters of the small cohort (about 7%) of Swedish schoolchildren who are victims of bullying at any one time. The trajectories of bullying experiences these children are unstable. However, the negative consequences are likely to remain even after the bullying has ceased. For others, the persistent victims (1.6%). the state of being bullied may become stable and continue over periods of years. Nevertheless, peers and teachers may serve as important resources in supporting transitory and continuing victims of bullying.
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