| 1. |
- Blomqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Chlamydia psittaci in birds of prey, Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology and Epidemiology. - 2000-8686. ; 2, s. 8435-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chlamydia psittaci is an intracellular bacterium primarily causing respiratory diseases in birds but may also be transmitted to other animals, including humans. The prevalence of the pathogen in wild birds in Sweden is largely unknown. Methods: DNA was extracted from cloacae swabs and screened for C. psittaci by using a 23S rRNA gene PCR assay. Partial 16S rRNA and ompA gene fragments were sequence determined and phylogenies were analysed by the neighbour-joining method. Results and conclusion: The C. psittaci prevalence was 1.3% in 319 Peregrine Falcons and White-tailed Sea Eagles, vulnerable top-predators in Sweden. 16S rRNA and ompA gene analysis showed that novel Chlamydia species, as well as novel C. psittaci strains, are to be found among wild birds.
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| 2. |
- Blomqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Chlamydophila psittaci in birds of prey, Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chlamydia psittaci is an intracellular bacterium primarily causing respiratory diseases in birds but may also be transmitted to other animals, including humans. The prevalence of the pathogen in wild birds in Sweden is largely unknown.Methods: DNA was extracted from cloacae swabs and screened for C. psittaci by using a 23S rRNA gene PCR assay. Partial 16S rRNA and ompA gene fragments were sequence determined and phylogenies were analysed by the neighbour-joining method.Results and conclusion: The C. psittaci prevalence was 1.3% in 319 Peregrine Falcons and White-tailed Sea Eagles, vulnerable top-predators in Sweden. 16S rRNA and ompA gene analysis showed that novel Chlamydia species, as well as novel C. psittaci strains, are to be found among wild birds.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Staffan K., et al.
(författare)
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Marginally low birth weight increases the risk of underweight and short stature at three and a half years of age
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 105:6, s. 610-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Little is known about the long-term health of marginally low birth weight (LBW) children. This study characterised growth among infants weighing 2,000g-2,500g and explored the prevalence and predictors of sustained growth restriction.METHOD: This prospective observational trial followed the weight and height of 281 Swedish marginally LBW children from birth to 3.5 years of age. Children with a standard deviation score (SDS) for body mass index or height below -2 were considered underweight and short respectively.RESULTS: The mean SDS for weight and height showed a rapid increase before 12-19 weeks of age. The most rapid weight gain was in infants born small for gestational age. However, at 3.5 years of age, 9.5% of the children remained underweight and 6.5% had short stature. Regression models showed that slow weight gain before 19 weeks of age was the strongest predictor for lasting underweight, while slow height gain before 19 weeks of age and male sex were associated with short stature.CONCLUSION: Marginally LBW infants were more likely to be underweight and have a short stature at 3.5 years of age and the absence of catch-up growth during the first five months after birth identified those at highest risk.
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| 6. |
- Bucin, Dragan, et al.
(författare)
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Heart transplantation across the antibodies against HLA and ABO
- 2006
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Ingår i: Transplant International. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1432-2277 .- 0934-0874. ; 19:3, s. 239-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have intentionally performed heart transplantation in a 5-year-old child, despite the most unfavourable risk factors for patient survival; the presence of high level of antibodies against donor's human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I/II and blood group antigens. Pretransplant treatment by mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone, tacrolimus, intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab, protein-A immunoadsorption (IA) and plasma exchange reduced antibody titres against the donor's lymphocytes from 128 to 16 and against the donor's blood group antigen from 256 to 0. The patient was urgently transplanted with a heart from an ABO incompatible donor (A(1) to O). A standard triple-drug immunosuppressive protocol was used. No hyperacute rejection was seen. Antibodies against the donor's HLA antigens remained at a low level despite three acute rejections. Rising anti-A(1) blood group antibodies preceded the second rejection and were reduced by two blood group-specific IAs and remained at a low level. The patient is doing well despite the persistence of donor-reactive antibodies.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gunnarsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Zero Prevalence of Influenza A Virus in Two Raptor Species by Standard Screening
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1530-3667 .- 1557-7759. ; 10:4, s. 387-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disease can have sever impact on animal populations, especially in rare species. Baseline data for atypical host species are missing for a range of infectious diseases, although such hosts are potentially more affected than the normal vectors and reservoir species. If highly pathogenic avian influenza strikes rare birds of prey, this may have crucial impact on the predator species itself, but also on the food web in which it interacts. Here we present the first large-scale screening of raptors that regularly consume birds belonging to the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses. Influenza A virus prevalence was studied in two rare raptors, the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaetus albicilla) and the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Nestlings were screened for active (181 white-tailed sea eagles and 168 peregrine falcons) and past (123 white-tailed sea eagles and 6 peregrine falcons) infection in 2006-2007, and an additional 20 succumbed adult white-tailed sea eagles were sampled in 2003-2006. Neither high- nor low-pathogenic influnza infections were found in our sample, but this does not rule out that the former may have major impact on rare raptors and their food webs.
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| 9. |
- Lindberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A behavioural nursing intervention for reduced fluid overload in haemodialysis patients : Initial results of acceptability, feasibility and efficacy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of nursing and healthcare of chronic illness. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1752-9824 .- 1752-9816. ; 3:2, s. 87-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Describe and perform an initial test of a tailored treatment programme based on a behavioural medicine approach to enhance haemodialysis patients’ self-management of fluid restriction. Methods: Cognitive-behavioural techniques were used in four quasi-experimental case-studies. Central features in the programme were individual analysis of dietetic knowledge and fluid intake, setting goals, self-monitoring and prevention of relapse. Fluid overload was continuously assessed. Results: Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention were demonstrated. A clear reduction of fluid overload was shown. Some problems related to treatment fidelity were identified. Conclusion: The behavioural medicine approach resulted in reduction of fluid overload in each of the four cases included. Practice implications: This approach could be used as a method for tailoring interventions targeted to fluid intake behaviour in a heterogeneous group of HD patients with excessive fluid overload. Such treatment should take account of individual cognitive-behavioural patterns and include self-efficacy to low fluid intake. The efficacy of the tailored approach in regular practice has to be further tested in controlled trials.
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| 10. |
- Lindberg, Magnus, 1973-
(författare)
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Excessive Fluid Overload Among Haemodialysis Patients : Prevalence, Individual Characteristics and Self-regulation of Fluid Intake
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is comprised of four studies and concerns haemodialysis patients’ confidence in being able to manage fluid intake between treatment sessions, and whether the fluid intake is influenced by certain modifiable characteristics of the persons in question. The overall aim was to study aspects of excessive fluid overload and haemodialysis patients’ self-regulation of fluid allotment from a bio-psychosocial and behavioural medicine perspective. The extent of non-adherence to fluid allotment was described in Study I. National registry data were used. Three out of ten Swedish haemodialysis patients had excessive fluid overload and one out of five was at risk for treatment related complications due to too rapid ultrafiltration rate. The objective in Study II was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a self-administered scale to measure situation-specific self-efficacy to low fluid intake. The measure (the Fluid Intake Appraisal Inventory) was found to be reliable and valid in haemodialysis settings. Subgroups based on individual profiles of self-efficacy, attentional style and depressive symptoms were explored in Study III using a cluster analytic approach. Three distinct subgroups were found and the subgroup structure was validated for clinical relevance. The individuals’ profile concerning self-efficacy, attentional style and depressive symptoms has to be taken into account in nursing interventions designed to reduce haemodialysis patients’ fluid intake. In Study IV, an intervention designed to reduce haemodialysis patients’ fluid intake was introduced and its acceptability, feasibility and efficacy were evaluated and discussed. Acceptability of such an intervention was confirmed. Addressing beliefs, behaviours, emotions and physical feelings is clinically feasible and may reduce haemodialysis patient’s excessive fluid overload. This thesis indicates that there is a potential for improvement in the fluid management care of haemodialysis patients. Behavioural nursing strategies that aim to assist patients to achieve fluid control should be applied more extensively. Cognitive profiles of the patients should be taken into account when targeted nursing intervention aiming to encourage and maintain the patient’s fluid control is introduced.
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| 11. |
- Lindberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Fluid Intake Appraisal Inventory : Development and psychometric evaluation of a situation-specific measure for haemodialysis patients' self-efficacy to low fluid intake
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 63:2, s. 167-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-efficacy is an important determinant of health behaviour and reflects a person's belief about their capability to complete a given task. The relationship between self-efficacy and fluid adherence has been investigated, although limited attention has been given to measurement issues. The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of situation-specific self-efficacy for constructive fluid intake behaviour in haemodialysis patients, the Fluid Intake Appraisal Inventory (FIAI). METHODS: Items were generated from an analysis of empirical studies available in the literature and exposed to an interpretability critique before haemodialysis patients confirmed sufficiency of each item. In a multi-centre study, data from 144 haemodialysis patients were collected regarding general self-efficacy, situation-specific self-efficacy, and estimated fluid consumption. Internal consistency, criterion-related validity, and structural validity were tested. RESULTS: The FIAI was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.96) and the theoretical assumptions for criterion-related validity and known-group validity were supported. Structural validity was not confirmed, however, because the theoretically hypothesized four-factor model was not the prime structure. CONCLUSION: The FIAI was revealed to have satisfactory psychometric properties. The scale may be used in research or in clinical settings to study the mediating effects of self-efficacy or to modify haemodialysis patients' fluid-intake behaviour. Although this first validity study is promising, further validation focusing on reliability and cultural validity is needed.
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| 12. |
- Lindberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Interdialytic weight gain and ultrafiltration rate in hemodialysis : lessons about fluid adherence from a national registry of clinical practice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Hemodialysis International. - : Wiley. - 1492-7535 .- 1542-4758. ; 13:2, s. 181-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excessive interdialytic weight gain (IWG) and ultrafiltration rates (UFR) above 10 mL/h/kg body weight imply higher morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of high fluid consumers, describe UFR patterns, and describe patient characteristics associated with IWG and UFR. The Swedish Dialysis DataBase and The Swedish Renal Registry of Active Treatment of Uremia were used as data sources. Data were analyzed from patients aged >/=18 on regular treatment with hemodialysis (HD) and registered during 2002 to 2006. Interdialytic weight gain and dialytic UFR were examined in annual cohorts and the records were based on 9693 HD sessions in 4498 patients. Differences in proportions were analyzed with the chi-square test and differences in means were tested using the ANOVA or the t test. About 30% of the patients had IWG that exceed 3.5% of dry body weight and 5% had IWG >/=5.7%. The volume removed during HD was >10 mL/h/kg for 15% to 23% of the patients, and this rate increased during the first dialytic year. Patient characteristics associated with fluid overload were younger age, lower body mass index, longer dialytic vintage, and high blood pressure. By studying IWG and dialytic UFR as quality indicators, it is shown that there is a potential for continuing improvement in the care of patients in HD settings, i.e., to enhanced adherence to fluid restriction or alternatively to extend the frequency of dialysis for all patients, e.g., by providing daily treatment.
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| 13. |
- Lindberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Medication discrepancy : A concordance problem between dialysis patients and caregivers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:6, s. 546-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. Extensive drug utilization, and non-concordance between the patient and the caregiver about prescriptions and actual medicine intake, are associated with the risk of non-adherence to medication as well as medication-related illness. To achieve reliable estimates of drug use, it is important to consider the patient's self-reported drug utilization as well as to consult his/her medical record. The present multicentre study was conducted with the aim of examining the self-reported drug consumption of dialysis patients and its congruence with medical records. Material and methods. Consumption of pharmaceutical agents was recorded by 204 patients undergoing haemo- or peritoneal dialysis at 10 Swedish clinics. Drug record discrepancies were identified by comparing the self-reported use of prescribed medicines with the subsequently obtained medication lists. Results. The median drug intake was 11 prescribed medicines and by including on-demand drugs this increased to 12. Discrepancies between the self-reported use of prescribed drugs and the medical record were prevalent in 80.4% of cases, with a median of three discrepancies per patient. Conclusions. Dialysis patients have an extensive need for medication but there is an undesirable deviation between consumption and prescription. A single medication list, accessible for the patient and for all prescribers, is a possible solution to achieve concordance but other measures, such as analysis of the reasons for discrepancy and tailored measures, would also benefit concordant medicine-taking.
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| 14. |
- Lindberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Subgroups of haemodialysis patients in relation to fluid intake restrictions : a cluster analytical approach
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:21-22, s. 2997-3005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To determine whether definable subgroups exist in a sample of haemodialysis patients with regard to self-efficacy, attentional style and depressive symptomatology and to compare whether interdialytic weight gain vary between patients in groups with different cognitive profiles.Background Theory-based research suggests that cognitive factors (e.g. self-efficacy and attentional style) and depressive symptomatology undermine adherence to health protective regimens. Preventing negative outcomes of fluid overload is essential for haemodialysis patients but many patients cannot achieve fluid control and nursing interventions aimed to help the patients reduce fluid intake are ineffective. Understanding the interaction between cognitive factors and how this is related to adherence outcomes might therefore lead to the development of helpful nursing interventions.Design Explorative cross-sectional multi-centre surveyMethods The sample consisted of 133 haemodialysis patients. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. A brief self-report form and data on interdialytic weight gain was also used. Two-step cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Pearson’s chi-square test were used for comparing subgroups.Results Three distinct subgroups were found and subsequently labelled: 1) low self-efficacy, 2) distraction and depressive symptoms and 3) high self-efficacy. The subgroups differed in fluid intake, but not in age, dialysis vintage, gender, residual urine output, or in receiving any fluid intake advice.Conclusions Clinically relevant subgroups of haemodialysis patients could be defined by their profiles regarding self-efficacy, attentional style and depressive symptoms.Relevance to clinical practice Based on this study we would encourage clinical practitioners to take into account cognitive profiles while performing their work. This is especially important when a targeted nursing intervention, which aims to encourage and maintain the patient’s fluid control, is introduced.
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| 15. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of Using Post- or Prebronchodilator Reference Values in Interpreting Spirometry
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 208:4, s. 461-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Post-bronchodilator (BD) spirometry is used for diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, pre-BD reference values are used for spirometry interpretation.OBJECTIVES: To compare the resulting prevalence rates of abnormal spirometry and study the consequences of using pre- or post-BD reference values generated within the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) when interpreting post-BD spirometry in a general population.METHODS: SCAPIS reference values for post-BD and pre-BD spirometry were based on 10,156 and 1,498 never-smoking, healthy participants, respectively. We studied the associations of abnormal spirometry, defined by using pre- or post-BD reference values, with respiratory burden in the SCAPIS general population (28,851 individuals).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bronchodilation resulted in higher predicted median and lower limit of normal (LLN) for FEV1/FVC ratio. The prevalence of post-BD FEV1/FVC < pre-bronchodilator LLN was 4.8% and that of post-BD FEV1/FVC < post-bronchodilator LLN was 9.9% for the general population. An additional 5.1% was identified as having an abnormal post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio and this group had more respiratory symptoms, emphysema (13.5% vs. 4.1%, p<0.001) and self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD (2.8% vs. 0.5%, p<0.001) than subjects with post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio > LLN for both pre- and post-bronchodilation).CONCLUSIONS: Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry reference values differ with regard to FEV1/FVC ratio. Use of post-bronchodilator reference values doubled the population prevalence of airflow obstruction; this was related to a higher respiratory burden. Using post-bronchodilator reference values when interpreting post-bronchodilator spirometry might enable identification of individuals with mild disease and be clinically relevant.
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| 16. |
- Accinelli, Cesare, et al.
(författare)
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Dissipation and removal of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) in different aquatic environments
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 79:8, s. 891-897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) has received recent attention due to the potential use as a first-line defense against H5N1 and H1N1 influenza viruses. Research has shown that oseltamivir is not removed during conventional wastewater treatments, thus having the potential to enter surface water bodies. A series of laboratory experiments investigated the fate and the removal of oseltamivir in two surface water ecosystems of Japan and in a municipal wastewater treatment plant located in Northern Italy. Persistence of oseltamivir in surface water ranged from non-detectable degradation to a half-life of 53 d. After 40 d, <3% of radiolabeled oseltamivir evolved as (CO2)-C-14. The presence of sediments (5%) led to a significant increase of oseltamivir degradation and mineralization rates. A more intense mineralization was observed in samples of the wastewater treatment plant when applying a long incubation period (40 d). More precisely, 76% and 37% of the initial radioactivity applied as C-14-oseltamivir was recovered as (CO2)-C-14 from samples of the biological tank and effluent water, respectively. Two bacterial strains growing on oseltamivir as sole carbon source were isolated and used for its removal from synthetic medium and environmental samples, including surface water and wastewater. Inoculation of water and wastewater samples with the two oseltamivir-degrading strains showed that mineralization of oseltamivir was significantly higher in both inoculated water and wastewater, than in uninoculated controls. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR analysis showed that Tamiflu would not affect the microbial population of surface water and wastewater.
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| 17. |
- Allergren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Studiehandbok
- 1981
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Angdal, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in Service Sourcing Practices
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Market Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1864-0753 .- 1864-0761. ; 1:3, s. 187-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Atar, L., et al.
(författare)
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Quasifree (p, 2p) Reactions on Oxygen Isotopes: Observation of Isospin Independence of the Reduced Single-Particle Strength
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 120:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quasifree one-proton knockout reactions have been employed in inverse kinematics for a systematic study of the structure of stable and exotic oxygen isotopes at the R3B/LAND setup with incident beam energies in the range of 300-450 MeV/u. The oxygen isotopic chain offers a large variation of separation energies that allows for a quantitative understanding of single-particle strength with changing isospin asymmetry. Quasifree knockout reactions provide a complementary approach to intermediate-energy one-nucleon removal reactions. Inclusive cross sections for quasifree knockout reactions of the type OA(p,2p)NA-1 have been determined and compared to calculations based on the eikonal reaction theory. The reduction factors for the single-particle strength with respect to the independent-particle model were obtained and compared to state-of-the-art ab initio predictions. The results do not show any significant dependence on proton-neutron asymmetry.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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OSA Is Associated With the Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Potential in the Population-Based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 164:2, s. 503-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-breathing disorder linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Intermittent hypoxia and intermittent airway obstruction, hallmarks of OSA, have been shown in animal models to induce substantial changes to the gut microbiota composition and subsequent transplantation of fecal matter to other animals induced changes in blood pressure and glucose metabolism.RESEARCH QUESTION: Does obstructive sleep apnea in adults associate with the composition and metabolic potential of the human gut microbiota?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used respiratory polygraphy data from up to 3,570 individuals aged 50-64 from the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study combined with deep shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples to identify cross-sectional associations between three OSA parameters covering apneas and hypopneas, cumulative sleep time in hypoxia and number of oxygen desaturation events with gut microbiota composition. Data collection about potential confounders was based on questionnaires, on-site anthropometric measurements, plasma metabolomics, and linkage with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.RESULTS: We found that all three OSA parameters were associated with lower diversity of species in the gut. Further, the OSA-related hypoxia parameters were in multivariable-adjusted analysis associated with the relative abundance of 128 gut bacterial species, including higher abundance of Blautia obeum and Collinsela aerofaciens. The latter species was also independently associated with increased systolic blood pressure. Further, the cumulative time in hypoxia during sleep was associated with the abundance of genes involved in nine gut microbiota metabolic pathways, including propionate production from lactate. Lastly, we observed two heterogeneous sets of plasma metabolites with opposite association with species positively and negatively associated with hypoxia parameters, respectively.INTERPRETATION: OSA-related hypoxia, but not the number of apneas/hypopneas, is associated with specific gut microbiota species and functions. Our findings lay the foundation for future research on the gut microbiota-mediated health effects of OSA.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Beijer, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of pharmaceuticals and unspecified contaminants in sewage treatment effluents by activated carbon filtration and ozonation : Evaluation using biomarker responses and chemical analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 176, s. 342-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traces of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other chemicals are demonstrated in effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) and they may affect quality of surface water and eventually drinking water. Treatment of effluents with granular activated carbon (GAC) or ozone to improve removal of APIs and other contaminants was evaluated at two Swedish STPs, Kappala and Uppsala (88 and 103 APIs analyzed). Biomarker responses in rainbow trout exposed to regular and additionally treated effluents were determined. GAC and ozone treatment removed 87-95% of the total concentrations of APIs detected. In Kappala, GAC removed 20 and ozonation (7 g O-3/m(3)) 21 of 24 APIs detected in regular effluent. In Uppsala, GAC removed 25 and ozonation (5.4 g O-3/m(3)) 15 of 25 APIs detected in effluent. GAC and ozonation also reduced biomarker responses caused by unidentified pollutants in STP effluent water. Elevated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in gills was observed in fish exposed to effluent in both STPs. Gene expression analysis carried out in Kappala showed increased concentrations of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A5 and CYP1C3) transcripts in gills and of CYP1As in liver of fish exposed to effluent. In fish exposed to GAC- or ozone-treated effluent water, gill EROD activity and expression of CYP1As and CYP1C3 in gills and liver were generally equal to or below levels in fish held in tap water. The joint application of chemical analysis and sensitive biomarkers proved useful for evaluating contaminant removal in STPs with new technologies.
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| 24. |
- Berglund, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Abundance and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and integrons in lake sediment microcosms
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance in bacteria causing disease is an ever growing threat to the world. Recently, environmental bacteria have become established as important both as sources of antibiotic resistance genes and in disseminating resistance genes. Low levels of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals are regularly released into water environments via wastewater, and the concern is that such environmental contamination may serve to create hotspots for antibiotic resistance gene selection and dissemination. In this study, microcosms were created from water and sediments gathered from a lake in Sweden only lightly affected by human activities. The microcosms were exposed to a mixture of antibiotics of varying environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., concentrations commonly encountered in wastewaters) in order to investigate the effect of low levels of antibiotics on antibiotic resistance gene abundances and dynamics in a previously uncontaminated environment. Antibiotic concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Abundances of seven antibiotic resistance genes and the class 1 integron integrase gene, intL1, were quantified using real-time PCR. Resistance genes sulI and ermB were quantified in the microcosm sediments with mean abundances 5 and 15 gene copies/10(6) 16S rRNA gene copies, respectively. Class 1 integrons were determined in the sediments with a mean concentration of 3.86x10(4) copies/10(6) 16S rRNA gene copies. The antibiotic treatment had no observable effect on antibiotic resistance gene or integron abundances.
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| 25. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 26. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Bjerg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Shorter time to clinical decision in work-related asthma using a digital tool
- 2020
-
Ingår i: ERJ open research. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 6:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PEF curves are a useful but cumbersome tool in diagnosing work-related asthma. Using a digital spirometer and smartphone app, time to clinical decision could be shortened by 6-7 weeks. Physician's time spent analysing PEF data is also shortened.
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| 29. |
- Björn, Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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Significant factors for work attractiveness and how these differ from the current work situation among operating department nurses
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 25:1-2, s. 109-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim was to examine significant factors for work attractiveness and how these differ from the current work situation among operating department nurses. A second objective was to examine the associations between age, gender, length of employment, work engagement, work ability, self-rated health indicators and attractiveness of the current work situation.BACKGROUND: The attractiveness of work is rarely taken into account in research on nurse retention. To expand this knowledge, it is relevant to examine factors that make work attractive and their associations with related concepts.DESIGN: Correlational, cross-sectional survey using a convenience sample.METHODS: Questionnaires were answered by 147 nurses in four operating departments in Sweden. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS: The nurses rated the significance of all factors of work attractiveness higher than they rated those factors in their current work situation; salary, organisation and physical work environment had the largest differences. The most significant attractive factors were relationships, leadership and status. A statistically significant positive correlation between work engagement and attractive work was found. In the multiple regression model, the independent variables work engagement and older age significantly predicted work attractiveness.CONCLUSIONS: Several factors should be considered in the effort to increase work attractiveness in operating departments and thereby to encourage nurse retention. Positive aspects of work seem to unite work engagement and attractive work, while work ability and self-rated health indicators are other important dimensions in nurse retention.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The great discrepancies between the significance of attractive factors and the current work situation in salary, organisation and physical work environment suggest ways in which work attractiveness may be increased. To discover exactly what needs to be improved may require a deeper look into the construct of the examined factors.
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| 30. |
- Björn, Catrine, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Theatre Nurses Understanding of their Work : A phenomenographic study at a hospital theatre
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Perioperative Care. - Harrogate, UK : Associations for Perioperative Practice. - 1470-5664. ; 3:4, s. 149-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The operating theatre is a place where people work together in a multidisciplinary team. It has a very high patient through-put, and use of advanced technology and surgical routine. Working in an operating theatre has been described as dynamic and challenging. The nurse’s perspective of her/his practice role in the operating theatre department is poorly identified, a fact that makes it necessary for the theatre nurses themselves to define their role as nurses in the multidisciplinary team.The aim of this study was to begin the work of describing the theatre nurses’ work using a qualitative descriptive design with a phenomenographic approach. A purposeful sample from two hospitals in Sweden was employed to select the 15 theatre nurses, the interviews formed the basis of this study.As in several other phenomenographic studies three specific questions guided the data collection: What aspect of your practice do you find the easiest? What aspect of your practice do you find the most challenging? What do you think is the most important aspect of your practice? To deepen the interview, what and how questions were used to probe the responses.The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The interviews were read several times, after which an analysis was undertaken.The analysis revealed the following three understandings of the phenomenon of “the work of the theatre nurse”: Theatre nurses achieve control of the situation referred to having the appropriate equipment prepared in advance for the operation, the hygienic aspect, for example keeping the operation area, surgical instruments and people involved sterile, and to control patient, instrument and implant logistics by advance planning and being one step ahead.The possibility of good teamwork is enhanced by being attentive to the spoken and unspoken wishes and needs of the patient as well as all members of the team, especially the surgeon; and Theatre nurses develop their professional practice through practical experience.All three understandings that emerged in present study are useful for both competence development and quality improvement.
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| 31. |
- Björn Milrad, Marianne
(författare)
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Studenter med läs- och skrivsvårigheter som deltagare i högre utbildning
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emphasis on higher education (HE) in today’s knowledge society has increasedthe amount of students enrolled in universities in Sweden. Two percentof these students are people with disabilities, of whom more than half are studentswith dyslexia. Dyslexia is a disability that involves difficulty with writtentext which is the essence of HE. The disability affects these students’ readingand my assumption was therefore that their possibility to complete their educationon an equal footing with their peers was limited.The overall aim of this thesis is to illuminate the prerequisites for participationfor Swedish students with dyslexia in higher education, and to analyse if support,and information about support, offered by higher-education institutionsare accessible to them. Due to lack of previous research, this is a descriptivestudy using the theoretical framework of cultural-historical activity theory(CHAT), a theory that can be summarized in five principles: an activity systemis the unit of analysis, it has historicity, multi-voicedness, it views contradictionsas sources of change, and it has the potential for expansive transformation.To orient myself within the large field of HE and dyslexia, the following questionshave guided my work: What HE measures are taken to ensure accessibilityand participation for Swedish students with dyslexia? What tensions, as definedwithin CHAT, may be found in the HE activities in relation to studentswith dyslexia? How do students with dyslexia regard the support offered? Inorder to answer these questions, I have listened to some of the voices withinHE, by collecting data through a questionnaire sent to all coordinators for studentswith disabilities; by having focus group interviews with university teachers,as well as having individual interviews with students with dyslexia. Thedata were collected and analysed within a CHAT activity system, which depictedHE activities by coordinators and teachers in relation to students withdyslexia. The graph was used in the final discussion to formulate some ideas forexpansive transformation.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Boillos, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Isotopic cross sections of fragmentation residues produced by light projectiles on carbon near
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9993 .- 2469-9985. ; 105:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured 135 cross sections of residual nuclei produced in fragmentation reactions of C12, N14, and O13−16,20,22 projectiles impinging on a carbon target at kinetic energies of near 400A MeV, most of them for the first time, with the RB3/LAND setup at the GSI facility in Darmstadt (Germany). The use of this state-of-the-art experimental setup in combination with the inverse kinematics technique gave the full identification in atomic and mass numbers of fragmentation residues with a high precision. The cross sections of these residues were determined with uncertainties below 20% for most of the cases. These data are compared to other previous measurements with stable isotopes and are also used to benchmark different model calculations.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Bradling, Björn
(författare)
-
Låt romanen komma in – Transformativt lärande i gymnasieskolans litteraturundervisning
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “Låt romanen komma in – Transformativt lärande i gymnasieskolans litteraturundervisning“ är en litteraturdidaktisk studie i forskningsämnet pedagogik som tar syftestexten för litteraturundervisningen i det gymnasiala svenskämnet som utgångspunkt. Genom en förstudie där elva svensklärare och en skolbibliotekarie samtalar i fokusgrupper riktas projektet mot sitt huvudfokus som är en läsloggsintervention där 31 elever i gymnasiekursen Svenska 3 läser John Ajvide Lindqvists “Låt den rätte komma in” (Ordfront, 2004/2015). Med hjälp av begrepp från läsforskning (Rita Felski, “Uses of Literature”, Blackwell Publishing, 2008) och erfarenheter från förstudien för eleverna logg över sin läsning. Resultatet av läsloggsinterventionen visar att elevernas metareflektion hjälps framåt av begreppsanvändningen och att eleverna därmed tar steget in i en transformativ lärandeprocess. Licentiatavhandlingen innehåller en analys av den didaktiska potentialen för transformativt lärande med fokus på fokalisation och främmandegöring i Ajvide Lindqvists roman samt en praktisk modell för hur begreppsorienterad litteraturundervisning med läslogg på gymnasiet kan utformas.
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| 37. |
- Caesar, C., et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the neutron drip line: The unbound oxygen isotopes O-25 and O-26
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993 .- 0556-2813. ; 88:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The very neutron-rich oxygen isotopes O-25 and O-26 are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The unbound states are populated in an experiment performed at the R3B-LAND setup at GSI via proton-knockout reactions from F-26 and F-27 at relativistic energies around 442 and 414 MeV/nucleon, respectively. From the kinematically complete measurement of the decay into O-24 plus one or two neutrons, the O-25 ground-state energy and width are determined, and upper limits for the O-26 ground-state energy and lifetime are extracted. In addition, the results provide indications for an excited state in O-26 at around 4 MeV. The experimental findings are compared to theoretical shell-model calculations based on chiral two- and three-nucleon (3N) forces, including for the first time residual 3N forces, which are shown to be amplified as valence neutrons are added.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Carlström, Eric, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Medical Emergencies During a Half Marathon Race - The Influence of Weather
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - Stuttgart : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 40:5, s. 312-316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to analyze the influence of weather conditions on medical emergencies in a half-marathon, specifically by evaluating its relation to the number of non-finishers, ambulance-required assistances, and collapses in need of ambulance as well as looking at the location of such emergencies on the race course. Seven years of data from the world's largest half marathon were used. Meteorological data were obtained from a nearby weather station, and the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index was used as a measure of general weather conditions. Of the 315,919 race starters, 104 runners out of the 140 ambulance-required assistances needed ambulance services due to collapses. Maximum air temperature and PET significantly co-variated with ambulance-required assistances, collapses, and non-finishers (R (2) =0.65-0.92; p=0.001-0.03). When air temperatures vary between 15-29 degrees C, an increase of 1 degrees C results in an increase of 2.5 (0.008/1000) ambulance-required assistances, 2.5 (0.008/1000) collapses (needing ambulance services), and 107 (0.34/1000) non-finishers. The results also indicate that when the daily maximum PET varies between 18-35 degrees C, an increase of 1 degrees C PET results in an increase of 1.8 collapses (0.006/1000) needing ambulance services and 66 non-finishers (0.21/1000).
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| 40. |
- Dahlquist, Erik, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Combined solar power and TPV
- 2011
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings WREC 2011 in Linköping, Sweden, May 8-11, 2011. - Linköping : Linköping University Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 1-4240
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper design for a combined TPV and solar power system for local heat and power production is discussed. PV cells are producing electricity when there is light, while TPV cells are used when it is dark. Biomass is combusted and the heat is generating photons for the TPV system. Higher combustion temperature will give higher electric output, but also stronger deterioration of the materials in the combustor. By combining PV-cells that will generate a lot of electric power summer time with TPV-cells that can generate electric power winter time, when we also normally have a higher heat demand, we can achieve a flexible local heat and power system all year round. As both systems generate DC-power, we also can see a potential to use DC components generally, e.g for charging batteries for electrical vehicles, DC-pumps, LED-lamps etc. Design criteria for the systems are discussed in this paper for a house that is principally self sufficient on energy. Both theoretical and practical obstacles are discussed, as there are a number of issues to solve before the technique can be used in ”real life”.
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| 41. |
- Diaz Fernandez, Paloma, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Quasifree (p, pN) scattering of light neutron-rich nuclei near N=14
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 97:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: For many years, quasifree scattering reactions in direct kinematics have been extensively used to study the structure of stable nuclei, demonstrating the potential of this approach. The (RB)-B-3 collaboration has performed a pilot experiment to study quasifree scattering reactions in inverse kinematics for a stable C-12 beam. The results from that experiment constitute the first quasifree scattering results in inverse and complete kinematics. This technique has lately been extended to exotic beams to investigate the evolution of shell structure, which has attracted much interest due to changes in shell structure if the number of protons or neutrons is varied. Purpose: In this work we investigate for the first time the quasifree scattering reactions (p, pn) and (p, 2p) simultaneously for the same projectile in inverse and complete kinematics for radioactive beams with the aim to study the evolution of single-particle properties from N = 14 to N = 15. Method: The structure of the projectiles O-23, O-22, and N-21 has been studied simultaneously via (p, pn) and (p, 2p) quasifree knockout reactions in complete inverse kinematics, allowing the investigation of proton and neutron structure at the same time. The experimental data were collected at the (RB)-B-3-LAND setup at GSI at beam energies of around 400 MeV/u. Two key observables have been studied to shed light on the structure of those nuclei: the inclusive cross sections and the corresponding momentum distributions. Conclusions: The knockout reactions (p, pn) and (p, 2p) with radioactive beams in inverse kinematics have provided important and complementary information for the study of shell evolution and structure. For the (p, pn) channels, indications of a change in the structure of these nuclei moving from N = 14 to N = 15 have been observed, i.e., from the 0d(5/2) shell to the 1s(1/2). This supports previous observations of a subshell closure at N = 14 for neutron-rich oxygen isotopes and its weakening for the nitrogen isotopes.
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| 42. |
- Dlugosz, Aldona, et al.
(författare)
-
No difference in small bowel microbiota between patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have indicated that colonic microbiota may exhibit important differences between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. Less is known about the microbiota of the small bowel. We used massive parallel sequencing to explore the composition of small bowel mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with IBS and healthy controls. We analysed capsule biopsies from the jejunum of 35 patients (26 females) with IBS aged 18-(36)-57 years and 16 healthy volunteers (11 females) aged 20-(32)-48 years. Sequences were analysed based on taxonomic classification. The phyla with the highest total abundance across all samples were: Firmicutes (43%), Proteobacteria (23%), Bacteroidetes (15%), Actinobacteria (9.3%) and Fusobacteria (7.0%). The most abundant genera were: Streptococcus (19%), Veillonella (13%), Prevotella (12%), Rothia (6.4%), Haemophilus (5.7%), Actinobacillus (5.5%), Escherichia (4.6%) and Fusobacterium (4.3%). We found no difference among major phyla or genera between patients with IBS and controls. We identified a cluster of samples in the small bowel microbiota dominated by Prevotella, which may represent a common enterotype of the upper small intestine. The remaining samples formed a gradient, dominated by Streptococcus at one end and Escherichia at the other.
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| 43. |
- Ehrenholm, Carina
(författare)
-
Den fantastiska resan: Hörspel
- 2015
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Premiär: Den fantastiska resanDen engagerade men utbrända läraren Ulf kämpar för att få sina elever att växa och utvecklas, men blir ständigt begränsad av skolpolitikens fyrkantiga villkor. Plötsligt en dag blir han kontaktad av Motståndsrörelsen, och det blir starten på en helt fantastisk resa.
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| 44. |
- Ehrenholm, Carina
(författare)
-
Tillbaka till Renacer: Hörspel
- 2017
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Försommaren 2015 står Carina Ehrenholm på sin mormors begravning och pratar med Jimmy Martinez, som var ett av barnen på barnhemmet Renacer i Honduras, där Carina arbetade som volontär tjugo år tidigare. De har inte setts sen dess. Nu har han flyttat till Sverige, gift sig, skaffat barn och bor i en villa i Småland. Barnhemmet var av olika anledningar bådas hem under en period och nu möts de plötsligt igen. Carinas moster var föreståndare för barnhemmet och det är därför Jimmy nu är på begravningen – Carinas mormor är i någon mening också Jimmys mormor (vilket innebär att Jimmy i någon mening är hennes kusin). Med föreställningen Tillbaka till Renancer undersöks ramarna för vad en familj är, vad de skulle kunna vara och vad avsaknaden av en familj betyder.
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| 45. |
- Ehrenholm, Carina
(författare)
-
Träd + Radio: Hörspel
- 2016
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Träd+radio är ett hörspel om trädens underjordiska rotsystem, om att lyssna på radio, om den stränga filosofen Simone Weil, om att finna den största njutningen i smärtan, våldet och lydnaden, om att förvandlas till ett träd och om en dröm om undergången.
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| 46. |
- Ekström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Absolute lung size and the sex difference in breathlessness in the general population
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - San Francisco, USA : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Breathlessness is associated with major adverse health outcomes and is twice as common in women as men in the general population. We evaluated whether this is related to their lower absolute lung volumes. Cross-sectional analysis of the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) Pilot, including static spirometry and diffusing capacity (n = 1,013; 49% women). Breathlessness was measured using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and analyzed using ordinal logistic regression adjusting for age, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, chronic airway limitation, asthma, chronic bronchitis, depression and anxiety in all models. Breathlessness was twice as common in women as in men; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.32-3.66). Lower absolute lung volumes were associated with increased breathlessness prevalence in both men and women. The sex difference in breathlessness was unchanged when adjusting for lung function in %predicted, but disappeared when controlling for absolute values of total lung capacity (OR 1.12; 0.59-2.15), inspiratory capacity (OR 1.26; 0.68-2.35), forced vital capacity (OR 0.84; 0.42-1.66), forced expiratory volume in one second (OR 0.70; 0.36-1.35) or lung diffusing capacity (OR 1.07; 0.58-1.97). In the general population, the markedly higher prevalence of breathlessness in women is related to their smaller absolute lung volumes.
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| 47. |
- Elfving, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal enterovirus infection during pregnancy as a risk factor in Offspring Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes between 15 and 30 years of age
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Experimental Diabetes Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-5214 .- 1687-5303. ; , s. 271958-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maternal enterovirus infections during pregnancy may increase the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes during childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gestational enterovirus infections increase the offspring's risk of type 1 diabetes later in life. Serum samples from 30 mothers without diabetes whose offspring developed type 1 diabetes between 15 and 25 years of age were analyzed for enterovirus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and enterovirus genome (RNA), and compared to a control group. Among the index mothers, 9/30 (30%) were enterovirus IgM-positive, and none was positive for enterovirus RNA. In the control group, 14/90 (16%) were enterovirus IgM-positive, and 4/90 (4%) were positive for enterovirus RNA (n.s.). Boys of enterovirus IgM-positive mothers had approximately 5 times greater risk of developing diabetes (OR 4.63; 95% CI 1.22-17.6), as compared to boys of IgM-negative mothers (P < .025). These results suggest that gestational enterovirus infections may be related to the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes in adolescence and young adulthood.
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| 48. |
- Englund, Elias, et al.
(författare)
-
Metabolic Engineering of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for Production of the Plant Diterpenoid Manoyl Oxide
- 2015
-
Ingår i: ACS Synthetic Biology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2161-5063. ; 4:12, s. 1270-1278
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forskolin is a high value diterpenoid with a broad range of pharmaceutical applications, naturally found in root bark of the plant Coleus forskohlii. Because of its complex molecular structure, chemical synthesis of forskolin is not commercially attractive. Hence, the labor and resource intensive extraction and purification from C. forskohlii plants remains the current source of the compound. We have engineered the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to produce the forskolin precursor 13R-manoyl oxide (13R-MO), paving the way for light driven biotechnological production of this high value compound. In the course of this work, a new series of integrative vectors for use in Synechocystis was developed and used to create stable lines expressing chromosomally integrated CfTPS2 and CfTPS3, the enzymes responsible for the formation of 13R-MO in C. forskohlii. The engineered strains yielded production titers of up to 0.24 mg g(-1) DCW 13R-MO. To increase the yield, 13R-MO producing strains were further engineered by introduction of selected enzymes from C. forskohlii, improving the titer to 0.45 mg g(-1) DCW. This work forms a basis for further development of production of complex plant diterpenoids in cyanobacteria.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Eriksson, Kaja, et al.
(författare)
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Periodontal Health and Oral Microbiota in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 8:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the periodontal health of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to oral microbiota, systemic and oral inflammatory mediators, and RA disease activity. Forty patients underwent full-mouth dental/periodontal and rheumatological examination, including collection of blood, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque. Composition of plaque and saliva microbiota were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing and levels of inflammatory mediators by multiplex-immunoassay. The majority of the patients (75%) had moderate or severe periodontitis and the rest had no/mild periodontitis. Anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positivity was significantly more frequent in the moderate/severe periodontitis (86%) compared to the no/mild group (50%). No significance between groups was observed for RA disease duration or activity, or type of medication. Levels of sCD30/TNFRSF8, IFN-2, IL-19, IL-26, MMP-1, gp130/sIL-6R ss, and sTNF-R1 were significantly higher in serum or GCF, and April/TNFSF13 was significantly higher in serum and saliva samples in moderate/severe periodontitis. The microbial composition in plaque also differed significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, the majority of RA patients had moderate/severe periodontitis and that this severe form of the disease was significantly associated with ACPA positivity, an altered subgingival microbial profile, and increased levels of systemic and oral inflammatory mediators.
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