| 1. |
- Abro, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of chitinolytic activities and membrane integrity in gut tissues of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed fish meal and zygomycete biomass.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-4959 .- 1879-1107. ; 175, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chitinolytic activity, nutrient uptake and intestinal barrier functions were investigated in gut tissues of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed iso-nitrogenous diets based on fish meal, with or without inclusion of zygomycetes (Rhizopus oryzae). We found that gut tissue of Arctic charr had significant chitinase activity, of both endo- and exo-chitinase iso-forms. Moreover, the distribution pattern along the GI tract of Arctic charr differed between endo-chitinase and exo-chitinase. The endo-chitinase activity in stomach tissue and in the distal intestine was several hundred-fold higher than the exo-chitinase activity in stomach tissue. The greatest exo-chitinase activity was found in the distal intestine. The zygomycete-based diet resulted in higher chitinolytic activity in gut tissue compared to the fish meal-based diet. Disturbed intestinal integrity and increased uptake rate of the amino acid lysine were observed in the distal, but not proximal, intestine of fish fed the zygomycete-based feed.
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| 2. |
- Alm, Erik, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Automated annotation and quantification of metabolites in (1)H NMR data of biological origin
- 2012
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 403:2, s. 443-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1H NMR metabolomic datasets, there are often over a thousand peaks per spectrum, many of which change position drastically between samples. Automatic alignment, annotation, and quantification of all the metabolites of interest in such datasets have not been feasible. In this work we propose a fully automated annotation and quantification procedure which requires annotation of metabolites only in a single spectrum. The reference database built from that single spectrum can be used for any number of 1H NMR datasets with a similar matrix. The procedure is based on the generalized fuzzy Hough transform (GFHT) for alignment and on Principal-components analysis (PCA) for peak selection and quantification. We show that we can establish quantities of 21 metabolites in several 1H NMR datasets and that the procedure is extendable to include any number of metabolites that can be identified in a single spectrum. The procedure speeds up the quantification of previously known metabolites and also returns a table containing the intensities and locations of all the peaks that were found and aligned but not assigned to a known metabolite. This enables both biopattern analysis of known metabolites and data mining for new potential biomarkers among the unknowns.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Balcan, B., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of CPAP treatment on leptin and adiponectin in adults with coronary artery disease and nonsleepy obstructive sleep apnoea in the RICCADSA trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 67, s. 7-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increased leptin and decreased adiponectin levels are reported in coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Less is known regarding the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on these biomarkers. We aimed to determine variables associated with leptin and adiponectin in adults with CAD and nonsleepy OSA, and evaluate the effect of CPAP adjusted for confounding factors. Methods: This was one of the secondary outcomes of the RICCADSA trial, conducted in Sweden between 2005 and 2013. From 244 revascularized CAD and OSA patients (apnoeaehypopnoea index > 15/h) without excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score <10), 196 with blood samples at baseline, after 3, and 12 months were included in the randomized controlled trial arm; of those, 98 were allocated to auto-titrating CPAP, and 98 to no-CPAP. Results: No significant changes in leptin and adiponectin levels were observed during follow-up, whereas Body-Mass-Index and waist circumference increased in both CPAP and no-CPAP groups with no significant between-group differences. Alterations in plasma leptin were determined by changes in waist circumference (beta coefficient 2.47; 95% confidence interval 0.77-4.40), whereas none of the analyzed parameters was predictive for changes in adiponectin levels. No association was found with CPAP adherence. Conclusions: CPAP had no significant effect on leptin and adiponectin in this cohort of nonsleepy OSA patients. An increase in waist circumference predicted an increase in plasma levels of leptin after 12 months, suggesting that lifestyle modifications should be given priority in adults with CAD and OSA regardless of CPAP treatment. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Elias, Erik, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Independent somatic evolution underlies clustered neuroendocrine tumors in the human small intestine.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small intestine neuroendocrine tumor (SI-NET), the most common cancer of the small bowel, often displays a curious multifocal phenotype with several tumors clustered together in a limited intestinal segment. SI-NET also shows an unusual absence of driver mutations explaining tumor initiation and metastatic spread. The evolutionary trajectories that underlie multifocal SI-NET lesions could provide insight into the underlying tumor biology, but this question remains unresolved. Here, we determine the complete genome sequences of 61 tumors and metastases from 11 patients with multifocal SI-NET, allowing for elucidation of phylogenetic relationships between tumors within single patients. Intra-individual comparisons revealed a lack of shared somatic single-nucleotide variants among the sampled intestinal lesions, supporting an independent clonal origin. Furthermore, in three of the patients, two independent tumors had metastasized. We conclude that primary multifocal SI-NETs generally arise from clonally independent cells, suggesting a contribution from a cancer-priming local factor.
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| 6. |
- Ivarsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of inclusion level of chicory (Cichorium intybus L) and ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L) forage in a cereal-based diet on dietary fibre digestibility in weaned piglets of different age
- 2010
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 134, s. 202-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-five weaned (35 days old) castrated male piglets from five different litters were used to evaluate the effect of chicory (C) and ribwort (R) forage inclusion in a cereal-based diet on the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of organic matter (OM) and the dietary fibre fraction at 3 and 5 weeks post-weaning.Inclusion of chicory and ribwort had a negative impact on the CTTAD of OM (P<0.05), while diet had no effect (P>0.05) on the CTTAD of NDF and total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). In contrast, the CTTAD of uronic acid increased (P<0.05) with inclusion of both chicory and ribwort. The CTTAD of OM, total NSP, arabinoxylans, arabinose, xylose and uronic acid was higher at 5 than at 3 weeks after weaning (P<0.01). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ivarsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Growth performance, digestibility and faecal coliform bacteria in weaned piglets fed a cereal-based diet including either chicory (Cichorium intybus L) or ribwort (Plantago lanceolata L) forage
- 2011
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Ingår i: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 5, s. 558-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-five weaned 35-day-old piglets were used in a 35-day growth experiment to evaluate the effect of inclusion of chicory and ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet on growth performance, feed intake, digestibility and shedding of faecal coliform bacteria. A total of seven experimental diets were formulated, a cereal-based basal diet (B), and six diets with inclusion of 40, 80 and 160 g/kg chicory (C40, C80 and C160) or ribwort (R40, R80 and R160). Piglets had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the experiment. Three and five weeks post-weaning faeces samples for determination of digestibility were collected once a day for five subsequent days. Additional faeces samples for determination of coliform counts were collected at days 1, 16 and 35 post-weaning. Piglets fed diet R160 had the lowest average daily feed intake (DFI) and daily weight gain (DWG), and differed (P < 0.05) from piglets fed diets B, R40 and R80. There were no differences in DFI and DWG between the chicory diets and diet B. Inclusion of chicory or ribwort had a minor negative impact on the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein, whereas inclusion of both chicory and ribwort resulted in higher CTTAD of non-starch polysaccharides and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The CTTAD of arabinose were higher for diets C160 and R160 than for diet B (P, 0.05), and the CTTAD of uronic acid was higher for diets C40, C80, C160, R80 and R160 than for diet B (P < 0.05). Age affected the CTTAD for all parameters (P < 0.05) except for NDF, with higher values at 5 than at 3 weeks post-weaning. The coliform counts decreased with increasing age (P < 0.05), but was not affected by treatment. The results indicate that inclusion of up to 160 g/kg of chicory do not negatively affect performance, whereas high inclusion of ribwort have a negative impact on feed consumption and consequently on growth rate. Both herbs have a higher digestibility of fibre compared to cereal fibre. Chicory and ribwort are both promising as feedstuffs to weaned piglets, but the low palatability of ribwort limits the inclusion level.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kristiansen, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of atorvastatin on muscle symptoms in coronary heart disease patients with self-perceived statin muscle side-effects : a randomized, double-blinded crossover trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. - : Oxford University Press. - 2055-6837 .- 2055-6845. ; 7:6, s. 507-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To estimate the effect of atorvastatin on muscle symptom intensity in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with self-perceived statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) and to determine the relationship to blood levels of atorvastatin and/or metabolites.METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomized multi-center trial consecutively identified 982 patients with previous or ongoing atorvastatin treatment after a CHD event. Of these, 97 (9.9%) reported SAMS and 77 were randomized to 7-weeks double-blinded treatment with atorvastatin 40 mg/day and placebo in a crossover design. The primary outcome was the individual mean difference in muscle symptom intensity between the treatment periods, measured by visual-analogue scale (VAS) scores. Atorvastatin did not affect the intensity of muscle symptoms among 71 patients who completed the trial. Mean VAS difference [statin-placebo] was 0.31 (95% CI -0.24-0.86). The proportion with more muscle symptoms during placebo than atorvastatin was 17% (n = 12), 55% (n = 39) had the same muscle symptom intensity during both treatment periods whereas 28% (n = 20) had more symptoms during atorvastatin than placebo (confirmed SAMS). There were no differences in clinical or pharmacogenetic characteristics between these groups. The levels of atorvastatin and/or metabolites did not correlate to muscle symptom intensity among patients with confirmed SAMS (Spearmans rho ≤0.40, for all variables).CONCLUSION: Re-challenge with high-intensity atorvastatin did not affect the intensity of muscle symptoms in CHD patients with self-perceived SAMS during previous atorvastatin therapy. There was no relationship between muscle symptoms and the systemic exposure to atorvastatin and/or its metabolites. The findings encourage an informed discussion to elucidate other causes of muscle complaints and continued statin use.
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| 11. |
- Leta, Tesfaye H., et al.
(författare)
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Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty With or Without Antibiotic Bone Cement
- 2024
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - 2574-3805. ; 7:5, s. 2412898-2412898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Despite increased use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in joint arthroplasty over recent decades, current evidence for prophylactic use of ALBC to reduce risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is insufficient. Objective: To compare the rate of revision attributed to PJI following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using ALBC vs plain bone cement. Design, Setting, and Participants: This international cohort study used data from 14 national or regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US. The study included primary TKAs for osteoarthritis registered from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, and followed-up until December 31, 2021. Data analysis was performed from April to September 2023. Exposure: Primary TKA with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was risk of 1-year revision for PJI. Using a distributed data network analysis method, data were harmonized, and a cumulative revision rate was calculated (1 - Kaplan-Meier), and Cox regression analyses were performed within the 10 registries using both cement types. A meta-analysis was then performed to combine all aggregated data and evaluate the risk of 1-year revision for PJI and all causes. Results: Among 2 168 924 TKAs included, 93% were performed with ALBC. Most TKAs were performed in female patients (59.5%) and patients aged 65 to 74 years (39.9%), fully cemented (92.2%), and in the 2015 to 2020 period (62.5%). All participating registries reported a cumulative 1-year revision rate for PJI of less than 1% following primary TKA with ALBC (range, 0.21%-0.80%) and with plain bone cement (range, 0.23%-0.70%). The meta-analyses based on adjusted Cox regression for 1 917 190 TKAs showed no statistically significant difference at 1 year in risk of revision for PJI (hazard rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.89-1.52) or for all causes (hazard rate ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.89-1.40) among TKAs performed with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, the risk of revision for PJI was similar between ALBC and plain bone cement following primary TKA. Any additional costs of ALBC and its relative value in reducing revision risk should be considered in the context of the overall health care delivery system.
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| 12. |
- Leta, Tesfaye H., et al.
(författare)
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The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and systemic antibiotic prophylactic use in 2,971,357 primary total knee arthroplasties from 2010 to 2020: an international register-based observational study among countries in Africa, Europe, North America, and Oceania
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 94, s. 416-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose — Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) have been used to reduce periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates. We investigated the use of ALBC and SAP in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and methods — This observational study is based on 2,971,357 primary TKAs reported in 2010–2020 to national/regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Den-mark, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. Aggregate-level data on trends and types of bone cement, antibiotic agents, and doses and duration of SAP used was extracted from participating registries. Results — ALBC was used in 77% of the TKAs with variation ranging from 100% in Norway to 31% in the USA. Palacos R+G was the most common (62%) ALBC type used. The primary antibiotic used in ALBC was gentamicin (94%). Use of ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice (77%). Cefazolin was the most common (32%) SAP agent. The doses and duration of SAP used varied from one single preoperative dosage as standard practice in Bolzano, Italy (98%) to 1-day 4 doses in Norway (83% of the 40,709 TKAs reported to the Norwegian arthroplasty register). Conclusion — The proportion of ALBC usage in primary TKA varies internationally, with gentamicin being the most common antibiotic. ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice, with cefazolin the most common SAP agent. The type of ALBC and type, dose, and duration of SAP varied among participating countries.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Ogle, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding and performance of pigs in smallholder production systems in Northern Lao PDR
- 2010
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 42, s. 1627-1633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey was carried out in the North of Lao PDR to study feeding systems and the performance of pigs in smallholder systems. A total of 341 farmers from five provinces were interviewed. To feed their pigs, farmers mainly rely on feedstuffs produced on the farm and collected from areas near the village. The feedstuffs used included by-products such as rice bran and distiller's waste, planted feeds, mainly maize and cassava, and various green plant materials. The feedstuffs used are usually high in energy and low in protein content, and the only readily available protein source is green plant material. This results in nutritionally imbalanced diets and as a result poor pig performance. The average growth rate of pigs in these systems was found to be only approximately 100 g/day. The reproductive performance of sows was found to be relatively low, as is the case of local breeds in the region, with an average litter size at birth of 6.8 piglets. The mortality of piglets was as high as 50% and was a main concern of farmers. In order to improve the productivity of pigs in smallholder systems, there is a need to find alternative feed resources to improve the nutritional feed quality, and to develop management systems which are suited to the needs and practices of smallholders.
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| 15. |
- Ogle, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Smallholder Pig Rearing Systems in Northern Lao PDR
- 2011
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Ingår i: Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences. - : Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies. - 1011-2367 .- 1976-5517. ; 24, s. 867-874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the results of a survey aimed at characterizing smallholder pig production systems in northern Lao PDR. A total of 341 households from five Northern provinces were interviewed in the survey. Village meetings and individual interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire, were used to collect information. Three main pig rearing systems, free-scavenging, semi-scavenging and confinement (enclosures and pens), were found in the survey areas. These systems were practiced differently by smallholders depending on the level of intensity of crop production, ethnicity and purpose of keeping pigs. The confinement system was mainly practiced by Lao-Tai and Tibeto-Burman groups, who mainly bought piglets and fattened these pigs for sale. In contrast, the Mon-Khmer and Hmong-Mien reared pigs in free-scavenging and semi-scavenging systems, and usually keep sows for piglet production. The main factors that affected the changes in rearing systems were found to be level of intensity of crop production. local regulations and outbreaks of disease. The main constraints found in smallholder systems were outbreaks of disease, high mortality of piglets and the slow growth rate of fattening pigs.
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| 16. |
- Sundberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic TNF blockade does not modulate synovial expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator HMGB1 in rheumatoid arthritis patients : a prospective clinical study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6362 .- 1478-6354. ; 10:2, s. R33-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction High-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) has recently been identified as an endogenous mediator of arthritis. TNF and IL-1 beta, pivotal cytokines in arthritis pathogenesis, both have the ability to induce the release of HMGB1 from myeloid and dendritic cells. It was, therefore, decided to investigate whether treatment based on TNF blockade in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects the expression of synovial HMGB1. Methods Repeated arthroscopy-guided sampling of synovial tissue was performed in nine patients with RA before and nine weeks after initiation of anti-TNF mAb (infliximab) therapy. Synovial biopsy specimens were analysed for HMGB1 protein by immunohistochemical staining and for HMGB1 mRNA expression by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Statistical evaluations were based on Wilcoxon's signed rank tests or Spearman rank sum tests. Results Aberrant, extranuclear HMGB1 and constitutive nuclear HMGB1 expression, with histological signs of inflammation, were evident in all biopsies obtained before infliximab therapy. Signs of inflammation were still evident in the second biopsies obtained nine weeks after initiation of infliximab therapy. The cytoplasmic and extracellular expression of HMGB1 decreased in five patients, remained unchanged in one patient and increased in three patients, making the overall change in HMGB1 protein expression not significant. No correlation between the clinical response, as measured by disease activity score calculated for 28 joints (DAS28) or the American College of Rheumatology response criteria (ACR 20, 50, and 70), and the direction of change of HMGB1 expression in individual patients could be discerned. In addition, infliximab therapy did not alter HMGB1 mRNA synthesis. Conclusion Pro-inflammatory HMGB1 expression during rheumatoid synovitis was not consistently influenced by TNF-blocking therapy with infliximab. This suggests that TNF is not the main inducer of extranuclear HMGB1 during synovitis and that HMGB1 may represent a TNF-independent molecule that could be considered as a possible target for future therapeutic intervention in RA.
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| 17. |
- Thunström, Erik, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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CPAP Does Not Reduce Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Nonsleepy Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1550-9109 .- 0161-8105. ; 40:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and enhanced vascular inflammation coexist in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is first-line treatment for OSA with daytime sleepiness. This analysis of data from the RICCADSA (Randomized Intervention with CPAP in Coronary Artery Disease and Sleep Apnea) trial investigated the effects of CPAP on inflammatory markers in patients with CAD and nonsleepy OSA.This single-center, randomized, controlled, open-label trial enrolled consecutive revascularized patients with nonsleepy OSA (apnea-hypopnea index >15/h; Epworth Sleepiness Scale score <10). Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in blood samples taken at baseline (median 94 days after revascularization) and after 1 year of follow-up in patients randomized to CPAP or no-CPAP.A total of 220 patients with analyzable blood samples at baseline and 1 year were included. Baseline IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the CPAP versus no-CPAP group (median 3.1 pmol/L [interquartile range 1.3-5.7] vs. 4.2 pmol/L [2.0-8.9], respectively; p = .005). At 1-year follow-up, median IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in both groups (to 2.2 pmol/L [1.2-3.9] in the CPAP group and to 2.2 [1.2-4.7] in no-CPAP group; both p < .001 vs. baseline). IL-8, hs-CRP, and TNF-α did not change significantly from baseline. There was no association between CPAP adherence and changes in inflammatory marker levels.In patients with stable CAD and nonsleepy OSA, inflammatory biomarkers did not change significantly over time except for IL-6 levels, which reduced to the same extent in the CPAP and no-CPAP groups.ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT00519597; researchweb.org, VGSKAS-4731.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Thunström, Erik, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Inflammatory Activity in Nonobese Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 38:3, s. 463-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Enhanced vascular inflammation is implicated as a pathophysiologic mechanism but obesity is confounding. We aimed to address the association of OSA with inflammatory biomarkers in a nonobese cohort of revascularized patients with CAD and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline investigations of a randomized controlled trial. Setting: Clinic-based. Participants: There were 303 nonobese patients with CAD, of whom 213 with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] >/=15 events/h) and 90 without OSA (AHI < 5 events/h). Obese patients with CAD and OSA (N = 105) were chosen as an additional control group. Interventions: None. Measurements: Circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were assessed in relation to OSA diagnosis based on AHI >/= 15 events/h as well as oxygen desaturation index (ODI) >/= 5 events/h. Results: Nonobese patients with OSA had significantly higher levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 than those without OSA. The values did not differ significantly between obese and nonobese patients with OSA. In bivariate regression analysis, AHI >/= 15 events/h was associated with all four biomarkers but not so in the multivariate model after adjustment for confounders. ODI >/= 5 events/h was associated with hs-CRP (odds ratio [OR] 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.99) and IL-6 (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.05-1.60) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: OSA with ODI >/= 5 was independently associated with increased inflammatory activity in this nonobese CAD cohort. The intermittent hypoxemia, rather than the number of apneas and hypopneas, appears to be primarily associated with enhanced inflammation.
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| 20. |
- Thunström, Erik, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroendocrine and Inflammatory Responses to Losartan and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients with Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. - 1546-3222 .- 2325-6621. ; 13:11, s. 2002-2011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Blood pressure reduction in response to antihypertensive agents is less for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Increased sympathetic and inflammatory activity, as well as alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, may play a role in this context. Objectives: To address the cardiovascular mechanisms involved in response to an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as add-on treatment for hypertension and OSA. Methods: Newly diagnosed hypertensive patients with or without OSA (allocated in a 2: 1 ratio for OSA vs. no OSA) were treated with losartan 50 mg daily during a 6-week two-center, open-label, prospective, case-control, parallel-design study. In the second 6-week, sex-stratified, open-label, randomized, parallel-design study, all subjects with OSA continued to receive losartan and were randomly assigned to either CPAP as add-on therapy or to no CPAP (1: 1 ratio for CPAP vs. no CPAP). Study subjects without OSA were followed in parallel while they continued to take losartan. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 12 weeks for analysis of renin, aldosterone, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and inflammatory markers. Measurements and Main Results: Fifty-four patients with OSA and 35 without OSA were included in the first 6-week study. Losartan significantly increased renin levels and reduced aldosterone levels in the group without OSA. There was no significant decrease in aldosterone levels among patients with OSA. Add-on CPAP treatment tended to lower aldosterone levels, but reductions were more pronounced in measures of sympathetic activity. No significant changes in inflammatory markers were observed following treatment with losartan and CPAP. Conclusions: Hypertensive patients with OSA responded to losartan treatment with smaller reductions in aldosterone compared with hypertensive patients without OSA. Sympathetic system activity seemed to respond primarily to add-on CPAP treatment in patients with newly discovered hypertension and OSA.
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| 21. |
- Abro, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Dietary Starch Inclusion Rate on Digestibility and Amylase Activity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2155-9546. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated digestibility and amylase activity in Arctic charr and Eurasian perch fed different dietary levels of wheat starch. Eurasian perch (190 ± 0.5 g) and Arctic charr (102 ± 0.5 g) were fed one of six iso-nitrogenous diets containing 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% wheat starch. Each diet was fed to four replicate groups of fish to determine the impact of diet on the apparent digestibility (AD) of dry matter (DM), crude protein, starch, crude fat and energy. At the end of the experiment, tissue samples were collected for assessment of amylase activity in the proximal and distal intestine. The AD of DM, crude protein, starch, crude fat and energy differed between fish species (P<0.001), with on average higher values for all parameters in Eurasian perch than in Arctic charr. Within fish species, there was no effect (P>0.05) of dietary starch level on the AD of DM, crude protein, crude fat and energy. Overall, α-amylase activity correlated with the trends obtained for starch digestibility. The inclusion of wheat starch did not affect amylase activity within species.
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| 22. |
- Abro, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic insights in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed with zygomycetes and fish meal diets as assessed in liver using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Aquatic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2008-4935 .- 2008-6970. ; 6, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish meal is the major source of animal protein in feed for cultured salmonid fish, but its availability is limited and it must eventually be replaced by alternative protein-rich feed ingredients. Zygomycetes (Rhizopus oryzae) is a fungus with protein-rich biomass that could replace fish meal protein in fish feed. Using a 1H NMR spectroscopy approach, we studied the metabolic pattern in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed a commercial diet with unknown composition (ST), a diet with all protein from fish meal (FM) and a diet with most of the protein from zygomycetes biomass (FZ). No significant difference (p≥0.05) was found in spectral data between FM and FZ using the OPLS-DA fitted model. However, other models showed that diet ST clearly differed significantly (p˂0.05) from diets FM and FZ. Signals for acetate, β-alanine, choline, creatine, formate, glucose, inosine, lysine, SN-glycero-3-phosphocholine and two unknown metabolites were higher in fish fed diets FM and FZ than in fish fed diet ST. These results show that the metabolic profile in liver of Arctic charr will remain unchanged if fish meal protein is replaced with zygomycete protein, suggesting similar physiological responses to both feed ingredients. In contrast, feeding a commercial diet altered the metabolic fingerprint compared with diets FZ and FM, suggesting important differences in ingredient composition and the physiological response to this diet.
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| 23. |
- Adams, Robin, et al.
(författare)
-
What is the word for 'Engineering' in Swedish : Swedish students conceptions of their discipline
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Engineering education in Sweden – as in the rest of the world – is experiencing a decline in student interest. There are concerns about the ways in which students think about engineering education, why they join an academic programme in engineering, and why they persist in their studies. In this context the aims of the Nationellt ämnesdidaktiskt Centrum för Teknikutbildning i Studenternas Sammanhang project (CeTUSS) is to investigate the student experience and to identify and support a continuing network of interested researchers, as well as in building capacity for disciplinary pedagogic investigation. The Stepping Stones project brings together these interests in a multi-researcher, multi-institutional study that investigates how tudents and academic staff perceive engineering in Sweden and in Swedish education. The first results of that project are reported here. As this study is situated uniquely in Swedish education, it allows for exploration of “a Swedish perspective” on conceptions of engineering. The Stepping Stones project was based on a model of research capacity-building previously instantiated in the USA and Australia (Fincher & Tenenberg, 2006).
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| 24. |
- Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Toxin-producing Clostridium difficile strains as long-term gut colonizers of healthy infants.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - 1098-660X. ; 52:1, s. 173-179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clostridium difficile is a colonizer of the human gut, and toxin-producing strains may cause diarrhea if infectious burden is heavy. Infants are more frequently colonized than adults, but rarely develop C. difficile disease. It is not known whether strains of C. difficile differ in capacity to colonize and persist in the human gut microbiota. Here, we strain-typed isolates of C. difficile colonizing 42 healthy infants followed from birth to ≥12 months of age, using PCR ribotyping of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region. The isolates were also characterized regarding carriage of the toxin genes tcdA, tcdB and cdtA/B, and capacity to produce toxin B in vitro. Most strains (71%) were toxin-producers, and 51% belonged to the 001 or 014 ribotypes, that often cause disease in adults. These ribotypes were significantly more likely than other ones to persist for ≥6 months in the infant micobiota, and were isolated from 13/15 children carrying such long-term colonizing strains. Ribotype 001 strains were often acquired in the first week of life and attained higher population counts than other C. difficile ribotypes in newborn infants' faeces. Several toxin-negative ribotypes were identified, two of which (GI and GIII) were long-term colonizers, each in one infant. Our results suggest that the toxin-producing C. difficile ribotypes 001 and 014 have special fitness in the infantile gut microbiota. Toxin-producing strains colonizing young children for long time periods may represent a reservoir for strains causing disease in adults.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Alm, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Attributions of shyness–resembling behaviors by shy and non–shy individuals
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869. ; 27:3, s. 575-585
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shy and non-shy individuals attributions of shyness-resembling behaviors in scenarios involving either themselves or other, hypothetical, people were studied through the use of a questionnaire. The participants were Swedish high-school students who rated the extent to which a number of such behaviors could be explained by four different causes, two internal (shyness and lack of interest) and two external (other persons and situational circumstances) causes. The results showed that shy participants attributed their own shyness-resembling behaviors to internal causes to a higher degree than did non-shy participants. Furthermore, non-shy participants attributed their own behaviors to external rather than internal causes, whereas shy participants judged internal and external causes to be about equally good explanations of their own behaviors. Both shy and non-shy participants attributed other peoples behaviors to internal rather than external causes. The differences between shy and non-shy participants were discussed in terms of differences in focus of attention, meaning that shy individuals seem to be much more self-focused than non-shy ones.
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| 29. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Betydelsen av upplevda risker och känslor av otrygghet vid resor med kollektivtrafik : En undersökning i Göteborg samt jämförelse med resultat från Norrköping och Stockholm.
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A questionnaire, including questions about perceived attractiveness, feelings of unsafety and different types of perceived risks connected to five different transport modes (car, city bus, tram, regional bus, and commuter train) was filled out by 58 persons at the city library in Gothenburg. The results showed that perceived risk and worry of being bothered, threatened or attacked might have a larger impact on perceived attractiveness than perceived risk and worry of being seriously injured in traffic accidents. Similar results were obtained in similar studies conducted in Norrköping and in Stockholm. Of the respondents in Gothenburg, 45 % stated that they avoid travelling with particularly tram during evenings and weekends, to the areas Angered or Bergsjön. The results obtained from the studies conducted in Gothenburg and in Stockholm also suggest that perceived risk and worry of being bothered, threatened or attacked affect feelings of unsafety. The results obtained from all three studies showed that certain circumstances, such as the bus stop etc being situated next to a park, contribute to a high degree to feelings of unsafety while walking to, or waiting at, a bus stop etc. When travelling with a public transport mode feelings of unsafety arise for example when the driver/personnel do not supervise their vehicle. In all three studies, women stated to a higher extent than men that different circumstances contribute to feelings of unsafety.
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| 30. |
- Alm, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Betydelsen av upplevda risker och känslor av otrygghet vid resor med kollektivtrafik : en undersökning i Göteborg samt jämförelse med resultat från Norrköping och Stockholm
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid stadsbiblioteket i Göteborg fyllde 58 personer i ett frågeformulär som innehöll frågor om upplevd attraktivitet, känslor av otrygghet och olika typer av upplevda risker förknippade med fem olika transportmedel (bil, stadsbuss, spårvagn, regionalbuss och pendeltåg). Resultaten visade att upplevd attraktivitet påverkas i högre utsträckning av upplevda risker och oro för besvärande situationer, hot eller våld än upplevda risker och oro för att bli allvarligt skadad i trafikolyckor, vilket delvis stämmer överens med resultat från motsvarande studier genomförda i Norrköping och i Stockholm. Av deltagarna i Göteborg uppgav 45 % att de undviker främst att resa med spårvagn under kvällar, särskilt på helger, till områdena Angered eller Bergsjön. Vidare tyder resultaten från studierna genomförda i Göteborg och i Stockholm på att upplevda risker och oro för besvärande situationer, hot eller våld inverkar på känslor av otrygghet. Resultaten från alla tre studierna visade att olika omständigheter, såsom att hållplatsen är belägen vid en park, ansågs bidra i hög utsträckning till känslor av otrygghet när man går till respektive väntar vid en hållplats. När man reser med ett kollektivt transportmedel känner man sig särskilt otrygg om exempelvis förare/personal har dålig uppsikt över fordonet. I alla tre studierna uppgav kvinnor, i högre utsträckning än män, att olika omständigheter bidrar till känslor av otrygghet.
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| 31. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Kollektivtrafik i storstad - : undviker människor att resa på grund av otrygghet?
- 2003
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A questionnaire, including questions pertaining to perceived attractiveness, feelings of unsafety and different types of risks connected to different transport modes (car, city bus, tram, regional bus, commuter train and subway), was filled out by 59 respondents. The results showed that perceived attractiveness might be affected by perceived risks and worry of being bothered, threatened or attacked by fellow passengers to a higher extent than perceived risks and worry of being involved in traffic accidents. Different circumstances, for instance the bus stop etc being remotely situated, were considered to contribute to feelings of unsafety when walking to and waiting at the bus stop etc. When travelling with different public transport modes the participants stated that they feel unsafe if for example drivers/personnel do not supervise their vehicle. Women stated to a higher extent than men that different circumstances contribute to feelings of unsafety when walking to and waiting at the bus stop etc. as well as when travelling with different public transport modes. A majority of the respondents stated that they avoid travelling with the red subway-line during night-time, especially during weekends. The respondents stated that they had a more positive attitude towards tram than towards regional bus and commuter train, which was not the case in a similar study conducted in Norrköping. This result might be explained by a successful introduction of a new tramway-line (Tvärbanan) in Stockholm.
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| 32. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceived risk, feelings of safety and worry associated with different travel modes.
- 2000
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective was to study how perceived accident risk and risk of violence are related to feelings of safety and worry associated with different transport modes (car, taxi, city bus, regional bus, train, ferry and aeroplane). Another aim was to study how individual differences (such as age, sex, the extent to which individuals use different travel modes, personal experience of accidents and violence situations and how individuals perceive themselves) might affect these relationships. A questionnaire was constructed for these purposes and was filled out by 100 respondents. The results showed that there were differences between the respondents' perceptions of accident risk, risk of violence and feelings of safety, as well as differences between the different transport modes. Car received higher ratings of accident risk than the remaining transport modes, whereas city bus and ferry received the highest ratings of risk of violence. The participants seemed to have a fairly good idea of the internal rank order of the transport modes with respect to accident risk, whereas they seemed less aware of the actual size of the differences between the different transport modes. The ratings of feelings of safety and worry were found to be quite similar. Finally, individual differences, such as age and sex, seemed to have some effects on the perceptions of risk and feelings of safety.
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| 33. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-
(författare)
-
The Role of Causal Attribution and Self-Focused Attention for Shyness
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka på vilket sätt och i vilken utsträckning blyga personer skiljer sig från icke-blyga personer med avseende på deras attributionsmönster. Resultaten från 3 kvantitativa och 1 kvalitativ studie visar en något annorlunda bild av hur blyghet relaterar till social kognition jämfört med tidigare forskning i området. Följande 4 huvudsakliga slutsatser drogs. (1) Blyga personer har inte nödvändigtvis en snedvriden social kognition eftersom de uppvisade en mindre aktörs–observatörsskillnad jämfört med icke-blyga personer. (2) Det är sannolikt att blyga och självfokuserade personer bedömer sina emotionella reaktioner som orsakade av stabila interna orsaker snarare än mindre stabila interna och externa orsaker. Om blyga personer är mindre självfokuserade så tenderar dessa personer ändå att uppvisa detta attributionsmönster. (3) Blyghet snarare än beteendemässig inhibition har betydelse för vilka orsaker som tillskrivs emotionella reaktioner medan blyghet och beteendemässig inhibition interagerar när det gäller i vilken grad fritt valda orsaker upplevs vara orsakade av interna respektive externa faktorer. En slutsats av dessa resultat är att fortsatt forskning bör fokusera hur människor i sin vardag förklarar sina egna och andra människors beteenden och reaktioner. (4) Mycket blyga personer kan uppleva identitetsförvirring samt kan ha en ambivalent önskan om att vara blyg samtidigt som blygheten försvinner. Trots att dessa resultat pekar på ganska allvarliga konsekvenser av att vara blyg så verkar blyghet generellt betraktas i ett ganska positivt ljus.
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| 34. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Upplevd trygghet vid resor med kollektiva transportmedel.
- 2002
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective was to study differences and similarities between different transport modes (car, city bus, tram, regional bus and commuter train) concerning perceived attractiveness, feelings of safety and different types of risks connected to the different transport modes. Another aim was to study to what extent different circumstances (for instance lighting) contribute to feelings of insecurity while travelling with different public transport modes. Finally, an objetive was to study possible effects of individual differences (such as demographic variables). A questionnaire was constructed for these purposes and was filled out by 58 respondents. The results showed that people perceive feelings of safety and attractiveness to be different depending on the transport mode. People perceive private cars to be more attractive than public transport modes. Perceived attractiveness might be affected by perceived risks and worry of being bothered, threatened and violated by fellow passengers to a higher extent than perceived risks and worry of being involved in traffic accidents while travelling. Individual differences might have an affect on perceived attractiveness, feelings of safety and perceptions of risks.
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| 35. |
- Alm, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Upplevd trygghet vid resor med kollektiva transportmedel
- 2002
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det huvudsakliga syftet var att studera vilka skillnader och likheter som finns mellan olika transportmedel (bil, stadsbuss, spårvagn, regionalbuss och pendeltåg) med avseende på upplevd attraktivitet, trygghet och olika typer av upplevda risker förknippade med de olika transportmedlen. Ytterligare ett syfte var att studera i vilken utsträckning olika omständigheter (exempelvis belysning) bidrar till känslor av otrygghet i samband med resor med kollektiva transportmedel. Slutligen var ett syfte att studera eventuella effekter av olika individegenskaper (såsom demografiska variabler). Ett frågeformulär konstruerades för dessa syften och fylldes i av 58 personer. Resultaten visade att människor upplever trygghet och attraktivitet olika hos olika transportmedel. En viktig skiljelinje verkar gå mellan privatbil och kollektiva transportmedel. Upplevd attraktivitet verkar i högre utsträckning påverkas av upplevda risker och oro för att bli utsatt för besvärande situationer, hot eller våld än upplevda risker för att råka ut för trafikolyckor. Olika individegenskaper kan ha en viss inverkan på upplevd attraktivitet, trygghet och risk.
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| 36. |
- Alm, Erik, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
A solution to the 1D NMR alignment problem using an extended generalized fuzzy Hough transform and mode support
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 395:1, s. 213-223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper approaches the problem of intersample peak correspondence in the context of later applying statistical data analysis techniques to 1D 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Any data analysis methodology will fail to produce meaningful results if the analyzed data table is not synchronized, i.e., each analyzed variable frequency (Hz) does not originate from the same chemical source throughout the entire dataset. This is typically the case when dealing with NMR data from biological samples. In this paper, we present a new state of the art for solving this problem using the generalized fuzzy Hough transform (GFHT). This paper describes significant improvements since the method was introduced for NMR datasets of plasma in Csenki et al. (Anal Bioanal Chem 389:875-885, 15) and is now capable of synchronizing peaks from more complex datasets such as urine as well as plasma data. We present a novel way of globally modeling peak shifts using principal component analysis, a new algorithm for calculating the transform and an effective peak detection algorithm. The algorithm is applied to two real metabonomic 1H-NMR datasets and the properties of the method are compared to bucketing. We implicitly prove that GFHT establishes the objectively true correspondence. Desirable features of the GFHT are: (1) intersample peak correspondence even if peaks change order on the frequency axis and (2) the method is symmetric with respect to the samples.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Alm, Erik, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Time-resolved biomarker discovery inH-NMR data using generalized fuzzy Hough transform alignment and parallel factor analysis
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 396:5, s. 1681-1689
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work addresses the subject of time-series analysis of comprehensive 1H-NMR data of biological origin. One of the problems with toxicological and efficacy studies is the confounding of correlation between the administered drug, its metabolites and the systemic changes in molecular dynamics, i.e., the flux of drug-related molecules correlates with the molecules of system regulation. This correlation poses a problem for biomarker mining since this confounding must be untangled in order to separate true biomarker molecules from dose-related molecules. One way of achieving this goal is to perform pharmacokinetic analysis. The difference in pharmacokinetic time profiles of different molecules can aid in the elucidation of the origin of the dynamics, this can even be achieved regardless of whether the identity of the molecule is known or not. This mode of analysis is the basis for metabonomic studies of toxicology and efficacy. One major problem concerning the analysis of 1H-NMR data generated from metabonomic studies is that of the peak positional variation and of peak overlap. These phenomena induce variance in the data, obscuring the true information content and are hence unwanted but hard to avoid. Here, we show that by using the generalized fuzzy Hough transform spectral alignment, variable selection, and parallel factor analysis, we can solve both the alignment and the confounding problem stated above. Using the outlined method, several different temporal concentration profiles can be resolved and the majority of the studied molecules and their respective fluxes can be attributed to these resolved kinetic profiles. The resolved time profiles hereby simplifies finding true biomarkers and bio-patterns for early detection of biological conditions as well as providing more detailed information about the studied biological system. The presented method represents a significant step forward in time-series analysis of biological 1H-NMR data as it provides almost full automation of the whole data analysis process and is able to analyze over 800 unique features per sample. The method is demonstrated using a 1H-NMR rat urine dataset from a toxicology study and is compared with a classical approach: COW alignment followed by bucketing.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Describing fish passage in a river confluence with telemetry and CFD
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The confluence between hydropower tailrace and the old river bed in Stornorrfors in the river Umeälven in the northern part of Sweden has shown to be the largest obstacle for upstream migrating salmon and sea trout during the migrating season. Fish are attracted to the high flow rate from the tailrace and will not migrate upstream in the old river bed being the passage to the fishway leading past the hydropower dam. By triangulating the movements of radio tagged fish using eight antennas in the confluence, it is here possible to describe the individual fish tracks left by radio tagged fish during the migrating season. These tracks are then compared with three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the confluence. By simulating the most common combinations of turbine flow and spill flow in the old river bed it is then possible to find correlations between individual fish movements and flow parameters such as velocity, turbulence intensity or vorticity for different flow combinations. It was previously assumed that fish had trouble locating the old river bed, the results of the triangulation however shows that most fish finds the old river bed within a few days but does not chose to migrate until several days (or weeks) later. The main issue to be solved is therefore not how to attract the fish to the old river bed but rather how to create favorable conditions in the old river bed so that migrating fish are more inclined to take that path upstream.
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| 41. |
- Andersson, Anders G., et al.
(författare)
-
A numerical study of the location and function of the entrance of a fishway in a regulated river
- 2010
-
Ingår i: 8th International Symposium on ECOHYDRAULICS. ; , s. 277-284
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation driven design with Computational Fluid Dynamics has been used to evaluate the flow downstream a hydropower plant with regards to upstream migrating fish. Field measurements with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler were performed and the measurements were used to validate the simulations. The measurements indicate a more unstable flow than the simulations and the tailrace jet from the turbines is stronger in the simulations. The simulations are however considered to capture the important features of the flow in a way that makes them viable for attraction water simulations. A fishway entrance was included in the simulations and the subsequent attraction water was evaluated for two positions and two angles of the entrance at different turbine discharges. Results show that both positions are viable and that a position where the flow from the fishway does not have to compete with the flow from the power plant will generate superior attraction water. Simulations were also performed further downstream where the flow from the turbines meets the old river bed which is the current fish passage for upstream migrating fish. A modification of the old river bed was made in the model as one scenario to generate better attraction water. This considerably increases the attraction water although it cannot compete with the flow from the tailrace tunnel.
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| 42. |
- Andersson, Anders G., et al.
(författare)
-
A study of the location of the entrance of a fishway in a regulated river with CFD and ADCP
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Modelling and Simulation in Engineering. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-5591 .- 1687-5605. ; 2012
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation-driven design with computational fluid dynamics has been used to evaluate the flow downstream of a hydropower plant with regards to upstream migrating fish. Field measurements with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler were performed, and the measurements were used to validate the simulations. The measurements indicate a more unstable flow than the simulations, and the tailrace jet from the turbines is stronger in the simulations. A fishway entrance was included in the simulations, and the subsequent attraction water was evaluated for two positions and two angles of the entrance at different turbine discharges. Results show that both positions are viable and that a position where the flow from the fishway does not have to compete with the flow from the power plant will generate superior attraction water. Simulations were also performed for further downstream where the flow from the turbines meets the old river bed which is the current fish passage for upstream migrating fish. A modification of the old river bed was made in the model as one scenario to generate better attraction water. This considerably increases the attraction water although it cannot compete with the flow from the tailrace tunnel.
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| 43. |
|
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| 44. |
- Arapovic, Lidija, et al.
(författare)
-
Age Rather Than Supplementation with Oat β-Glucan Influences Development of the Intestinal Microbiota and SCFA Concentrations in Suckling Piglets
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Animals. - 2076-2615. ; 13:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of early supplementation with oat β-glucan during the suckling period on piglet gut microbiota composition, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, and gut physiological markers were assessed. Fifty piglets from five litters, balanced for sex and birth weight, were divided within litters into two treatment groups: β-glucan and control. Piglets in the β-glucan group received the supplement three times/week from day 7 of age until weaning. Rectal swab samples were collected from 10 piglets per treatment group (balanced across litters) from week 1 to week 4, and plasma samples were collected at 1, 3, and 4 weeks of age. Additional samples of intestinal tissues and jugular and portal vein plasma were collected from 10 animals at weaning (one per treatment group and litter). The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and the microbiota composition in rectal swabs were mainly influenced by piglet age, rather than the supplement. There were significant differences in microbiota composition between litters and several correlations between concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and specific microbial taxa in rectal swabs. Overall, β-glucan supplementation did not have any clear impact on the gut environment in suckling piglets, whereas a clear age-related pattern emerged.
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| 45. |
- Bakeeva, Albina, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of solid-state fermentation with Arxula adeninivorans or Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) on hygienic quality and in-vitro digestibility of banana peels by mono-gastric animals
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 199, s. 14-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the effectiveness of solid-state fermentation with Arxula adeninivorans or Hypocrea jecorina to improve hygienic quality and digestibility of banana peels by mono-gastric animals. Green peels of cooking bananas (Musa AAA-group) were solid-state fermented in ziploc plastic bags for 14 d either non inoculated or inoculated with A. adeninivorans or H. jecorina. Colonies of aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, yeasts and moulds were enumerated. In-vitro digestibility (total tract and pre-caecal) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) was also determined. Solid-state fermentation significantly improved (P < 0.05) in-vitro total tract digestibility (9.9% for DM and 10.1% for OM), and in-vitro pre-caecal digestibility (25.0% for DM, 30.9% for OM and 74.5% for CP); however, no significant effect (P > 0.05) due to inoculation was observed. Conversely, inoculation (with A. adeninivorans or H. jecorina) significantly improved (P < 0.05) the hygienic quality; with lower (P < 0.05) aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and mould counts than the non-inoculated treatment. However, H. jecorina triggered a significantly superior (P < 0.05) improvement in both hygienic quality and in-vitro pre-caecal digestibility than A. adeninivorans.
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| 46. |
- Bargholtz, Chr., et al.
(författare)
-
Measurement of the eta -> pi(+)pi(-)e(+)e(-) decay branching ratio
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 644:5-6, s. 299-303
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reaction pd -> He-3 eta at threshold was used to provide a clean source of eta mesons for decay studies with the WASA detector at CELSIUS. The branching ratio of the decay eta -> pi(+)pi(-)e(+)e(-) is measured to be (4.3 +/- 1.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-4).
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| 47. |
- Bargholtz, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
-
Production of the ω meson in the pd -> 3He ω reaction at 1450 MeV and 1360 MeV
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 79:4, s. 044002-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of ω mesons in the pd→3Heω reaction has been studied at two energies near the kinematic threshold, Tp=1450 MeV and Tp=1360 MeV. The differential cross section was measured as a function of the ω c.m. angle at both energies over the whole angular range. Whereas the results at 1360 MeV are consistent with isotropy, strong rises are observed near both the forward and backward directions at 1450 MeV. Calculations made using a two-step model with an intermediate pion fail to reproduce the shapes of the measured angular distributions and also underestimate the total cross sections
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| 48. |
- Bargholtz, Chr., et al.
(författare)
-
Properties of the WASA pellet target and a stored intermediate-energy beam
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 587:2-3, s. 178-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental data from the reaction close to threshold have been used to investigate time-dependent properties of the WASA pellet target and the stored beam of 892.8 MeV protons in the CELSIUS accelerator. The detection of 3He ions in solid-state detectors provides an excellent almost background free trigger for η production. Pellet interactions with the surrounding material and with the beam lead to evaporation of deuterium gas into the beam pipe. Approximately 30% of the registered η decay events are due to interactions in deuterium gas outside the pellets. Due to beam–target interaction the beam is transversely heated and appears to acquire a component of a slightly lower energy.
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- Bargholtz, Chr, et al.
(författare)
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Tagging of η mesons using the pd → 3Heη reaction near threshold
- 2006
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Ingår i: Instruments and experimental techniques (New York). - : Springer. - 0020-4412 .- 1608-3180. ; 49:4, s. 461-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A zero-degree spectrometer for tagging η mesons on the CELSIUS/WASA facility is described, and its characteristics are presented. Tagging of η mesons is performed by detecting 3He ions produced by reaction pd → 3Heη close to the production threshold. The low background level (<2%) is in good agreement with the data obtained earlier on the SATURNE accelerator.
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