| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Eriksson Ström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with epigenome-wide differential methylation in BAL lung cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1044-1549 .- 1535-4989. ; 66:6, s. 638-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA methylation patterns in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) might offer new insights into disease pathogenesis. To assess methylation profiles in the main COPD target organ, we performed an epigenome-wide association study on BAL cells. Bronchoscopies were performed in 18 subjects with COPD and 15 control subjects (ex- and current smokers). DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip Kit, covering more than 850,000 CpGs. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were examined for 1) enrichment in pathways and functional gene relationships using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology, 2) accelerated aging using Horvath's epigenetic clock, 3) correlation with gene expression, and 4) colocalization with genetic variation. We found 1,155 Bonferroni-significant (P < 6.74 × 10-8) DMPs associated with COPD, many with large effect sizes. Functional analysis identified biologically plausible pathways and gene relationships, including enrichment for transcription factor activity. Strong correlation was found between DNA methylation and chronological age but not between COPD and accelerated aging. For 79 unique DMPs, DNA methylation correlated significantly with gene expression in BAL cells. Thirty-nine percent of DMPs were colocalized with COPD-associated SNPs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first epigenome-wide association study of COPD on BAL cells, and our analyses revealed many differential methylation sites. Integration with mRNA data showed a strong functional readout for relevant genes, identifying sites where DNA methylation might directly affect expression. Almost half of DMPs were colocated with SNPs identified in previous genome-wide association studies of COPD, suggesting joint genetic and epigenetic pathways related to disease.
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| 5. |
- Ferreira, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The interactive effect of demographic and clinical factors on hippocampal volume : A multicohort study on 1958 cognitively normal individuals
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hippocampus. - : Wiley. - 1050-9631 .- 1098-1063. ; 27:6, s. 653-667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease is characterized by hippocampal atrophy. Other factors also influence the hippocampal volume, but their interactive effect has not been investigated before in cognitively healthy individuals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interactive effect of key demographic and clinical factors on hippocampal volume, in contrast to previous studies frequently investigating these factors in a separate manner. Also, to investigate how comparable the control groups from ADNI, AIBL, and AddNeuroMed are with five population-based cohorts. In this study, 1958 participants were included (100 AddNeuroMed, 226 ADNI, 155 AIBL, 59 BRC, 295 GENIC, 279 BioFiNDER, 398 PIVUS, and 446 SNAC-K). ANOVA and random forest were used for testing between-cohort differences in demographic-clinical variables. Multiple regression was used to study the influence of demographic-clinical variables on hippocampal volume. ANCOVA was used to analyze whether between-cohort differences in demographic-clinical variables explained between-cohort differences in hippocampal volume. Age and global brain atrophy were the most important variables in explaining variability in hippocampal volume. These variables were not only important themselves but also in interaction with gender, education, MMSE, and total intracranial volume. AddNeuroMed, ADNI, and AIBL differed from the population-based cohorts in several demographic-clinical variables that had a significant effect on hippocampal volume. Variability in hippocampal volume in individuals with normal cognition is high. Differences that previously tended to be related to disease mechanisms could also be partly explained by demographic and clinical factors independent from the disease. Furthermore, cognitively normal individuals especially from ADNI and AIBL are not representative of the general population. These findings may have important implications for future research and clinical trials, translating imaging biomarkers to the general population, and validating current diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease and predementia stages.
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| 6. |
- Holmström, Stefan, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurial education embedded in sport psychology : a Swedish case study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Education and Training. - : Macrothink Institute. - 2330-9709. ; 3:1, s. 126-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of this study was to provide a contribution to the entrepreneurship education field through evaluating and describing changes in students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship. A pre-test and post-test design was used to evaluate a course design where sport psychology was the main topic with an embedded element of entrepreneurship education. The course was part of university program in Masters Programme in Sports Psychology or Physical Trainer Programme. Sport psychology-students are not the traditional group of students that are selected and trained to get both skills and a positive entrepreneur mindset. There were 39 students completing both the pre-test and post-test questionnaire (response rate 84.4%), mean age 23 years (SD=2.90). Both the pre- and post-test results showed that the sport psychology students had positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship, and the embedded course design have significant effect on students' subjective perception of their ability to create and commercialize new ideas. The results from this case study shown that an embedded course design with sport psychology and entrepreneurial education make it possible to strengthen students' entrepreneurial attitudes. The positive results point out that it is important to continue examine embedded coursed designs between entrepreneurial education and non-traditional areas (e.g., physiotherapists, dentists, architects, e.g.).
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| 7. |
- Holmström, Stefan, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship education as a tool for helping the psychologist to meeting new and different demands
- 2015
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Ingår i: NERA 2015. ; , s. 79-79
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The psychologist profession has been characterized by an attitude to education for employment, and often employment in the public sector. The outside world has changed and so also the labour market for the psychologist. Today, it's not as obvious to the psychology program only to prepare students for a working life as an employee, but also for a working life with elements of self-employment and entrepreneurship. The aim of this paper is to describe how we developed one course in the education of psychologist to meet this challenge.The purpose of this course has been to influence attitudes towards entrepreneurship and to develop skills to apply entrepreneurship. To meet this challenge as educator, cooperation between the Department of Psychology and Umeå School of Business and Economics (USBE) were initiated for the course on the Masters Programme in Sports Psychology. To our knowledge this is unique in educating future psychologists in Sweden.One important aim with the course is that the students are going to learn how to combine their knowledge in psychology with entrepreneurship and use it in an applied way. One main moment of the course is to stimulate their creative ability and innovation to increase their opportunity recognition, entrepreneurial orientation and risk willingness. To achieve this the students are encourage to create their own business ideas, where they take their knowledge in psychology and generate a new service or product to use in the field of sports and health. At the end of the course they present their business idea in front of bankers, business consultants and business angels. Results from our measurements and evaluation go in the same direction as proposed by Fayol (2001), and that entrepreneurship can be taught. After the course the students are better prepared for the future working life as a clinical psychologist, both as employed and self-employed. This approach should also be considered for other educational programs, because the working life is changing for them as well. One benefit for the students has been the interdisciplinary collaboration between psychology and business administration.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lindberg, Erik, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Deferred Compensation : The Swedish Dilemma
- 1993
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Meeting of the Western Decision Sciences Institute, March 30 - April 2, 1993. - Madison, Wisconsin : Omnipress. ; , s. 11-13
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
- Lindberg, Erik, 1953-
(författare)
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Effects of management by objectives : studies of Swedish upper secondary schools and the Influence of role stress and self-efficacy on school leaders
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the impacts of Management by Objectives (MBO) on upper secondary school education in Sweden. In particular the goal is to increase our understanding of how the implementation of MBO affects the schools and the role of head teachers. In addition this work seeks to generate new knowledge about the factors that influence the performance of head teachers. This dissertation includes four separate, but interconnected articles, each addressing a different aspect of the impact of MBO on schools and head teachers, it begins with an overview of all material. A multi-theoretical approach is taken here, using insights from diffusion theory, goal setting theory and role stress theory to guide the research. Even though qualitative methods are used the quantitative methods dominate the dissertation and most of the data is collected from a mail survey of head teachers. The results confirm the findings of other research that the diffusion of new ideas (in this the context MBO) stalls when it is introduced into local environments within which day to day work takes place. Goal setting and role stress theory are integrated, which makes it possible to show that role commitment had both functional and dysfunctional effects. It shows that efficacy plays a mediating role between stressors and performance and that the relationship between stressors and self-efficacy is not linear. Finally, the nature of the different stressors are described and role design has an impact on the level of them. All of these findings have practical implications for those responsible for education and school policy. The first article in the dissertation looks at how well MBO has been implemented in the upper secondary scools and its impact on student performance and school effectiveness. The results of the stydy are that head teachers report that the effects of MBO have declined over time. Its implementation appears not to have influenced student performance. On the other hand, it seems to have rediced teacher stress, but increased head teachers´ sense of frustration. The second article argues in contrast to previous research that goal commitment can have both a positive and negative effect on rple performance and conceptualizes self-efficacy as a mediator between commitment and performance. The findings of the study show that self-efficacy does act as a mediator and that high commitment can have both positive and negative consequences. In particular, high commitment can improve performance by reducing role ambiguity, but it also drives role overload, which can reduce performance. The third article builds on the findings of article two in order to deepen our understanding of the impact of self-efficacy on head teacher performance. In contrast to most of the literature it shows that stressors might have positive effects and that self-efficacy is involved in these relationships. The research presented in the article confirms that both role conflict and role ambiguity influence self-efficacy in a non-linear way. The focus of the final article focuses on the design of the role of the head teacher and how this impacts stress levels. The results show that when the head teacher´s role includes significant economic responsibility and more space to maneuver, or less, they experience role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload differently. Overall, the results suggest that it would be beneficial to take the factors that this study has shown to be important for head teacher´s performance into consideration when the role is designed.
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| 12. |
- Lindberg, Erik, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Goal Commitment and Performance : An Empirical Study Incorporating Role-Stress Literature to Reveal Functional and Dysfunctional Influences
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Social Psychology. - Wiley : Wiley. - 0021-9029 .- 1559-1816. ; 41:11, s. 2634-2655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study integrates the goal-commitment and role-stress literatures in a model to reveal functional and dysfunctional influences of goal commitment on role performance. In a sample of headmasters, we found empirical support for a role-clarifying process suggesting that high commitment reduces role ambiguity and is ultimately positive for role performance. Our model also supports the dysfunctional effect of commitment through a role-complicating process in which commitment drives role overload, which is negative for role performance. By including self-efficacy in our model, we were better able to understand the positive and negative experiences of highly committed individuals. Contributing to the existing literature on role stressors, this study's results indicate that self-efficacy mediates the influences of role stressors on role performance.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Lindberg, Erik, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Management by objectives : The Swedish experience in upper secondary schools
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Educational Administration. - : Emerald. - 0022-0639 .- 0957-8234. ; 49:1, s. 62-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – This paper seeks to explore how managing by objectives (MBO) has been adopted in Swedish schools and to reflect on some of the consequences in a longitudinal study. Results relate to whether introduction has increased student performance and whether it works as a tool for the principals to create more effective schools. Design/methodology/approach – A comparative cross-sectional study was made on the adoption of MBO as perceived by principals in upper secondary schools in Sweden. Initially, a mail questionnaire was distributed to every principal in Swedish upper secondary schools, which determined the extent to which mandated MBO practices were being implemented. Ten years later, the study was replicated, which made initial and subsequent practices comparable. Findings – Principals' perceptions suggest that the effects of MBO have diminished over the ten-year period. Ancillary measures of student performance correlated to MBO practices appeared statistically insignificant, or perhaps even negative. Thus, the change appears to have produced unimproved student performance, frustrated principals and perhaps somewhat less stressed teachers. Practical implications – These findings have implications on the direction the management of upper secondary schools subject to central direction may take. Although MBO may improve efficiency in staff performance, it appears to have little effect on effectiveness, if student performance is used as a criterion. Originality/value – Adoption measures of MBO have been obtained and associated with student performance for the first time.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Lindberg, Erik, 1953-
(författare)
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Principals with and without performance measures means no change?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Organizational Change Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0953-4814 .- 1758-7816. ; 27:3, s. 520-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - Purpose – This paper seeks to explore how principals use their time when the requirement exceeds the activities are desirable. In the scholarly debate it has been pointed out the heads think that too much time is devoted for the financial and administrative issues, or to solve acute problems. This means that there is not enough time to work with educational issues. The purpose of this study is to clarify how principals use the time they have devoted for the educational area and what activities they prioritize. It will also increase our knowledge of reasons behind their prioritizing and reflect on some of the consequences. Results relate to the question if introduction of performance measures has increased a short term perspective on student performance or if it works as a suitabel tool for the principals to achieve the schools goals and to create more effective schools in the long run. The question if stakeholders can get required insight by the performance measures as they are designed today and if the principals got the right incentives is raised.Design/methodology/approach - Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative approach is used and a mail questionnaire was distributed to the principals in all upper secondary schools in Sweden and a comparative cross-sectional study was conductedFindings - Findings – Principals' perceptions suggest that, their prioritization when working with educational issues is influenced by a more short term perspective and that they prioritize teaching, which have a much faster impact on student outcome, over long-term school development which facilitate the conditions for the former. These findings increase our insight into the need, for as well stakeholders as principals, to develop performance measures to stimulate change when needed.Practical implications - Practical implications – These findings have implications on the direction of the development of performance measures. The result points out the lack of transparence for stakeholders and uncovers the need to know when change and long term development is ongoing or not. The study show how principals need incentives for prioritizing these activities and that this can be done by the stakeholder by designing required measurements for as well teaching as long term school development when change is needed or to maintain a successful process.Originality/value - Originality/value – This paper fulfills an identified need to study how the performance measures of today can be complemented with measures for stakeholders for increased insight in ongoing activities with development and required change for long term school success.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Lindberg, Erik, 1953-
(författare)
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The power of role design : Balancing the principals financial responsibility with the implications of stress
- 2012
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Ingår i: Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability. - : SpringerLink. - 1874-8597 .- 1874-8600. ; 24:2, s. 151-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Anglo-Saxon countries have implemented Management by Objectives (MBO) complemented with school-based management (SBM) fairly rapidly. Although these countries are considered something of a benchmark of stability, research on principals reveals that they experience high levels of stress and that this is associated with poorer job performance. These findings raise the question of whether increased stress and poorer performance are the result of the new SBM role. In this article, empirical research on Sweden is used to address this question. While Sweden has not come as far as England in the implementation of SBM, it is farther along than other European countries. Paying specific attention to the SBM role, the article uses a qualitative method to describe the implementation of MBO in two cases with different characteristics, one centralized and one decentralized. A quantitative method is also used to conduct a large scale study of stress levels among all principals in upper secondary schools in Sweden. The results indicate that the choice of whether to retain the traditional principal role, developed at a time of centralized management by rules, or to replace it with a new SBM role influences the level of stress that principals experience, although in different ways. The practical implications of these findings are discussed in the final section of the paper.
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| 22. |
- Lindberg, Erik, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Turning stressors into something productive : An empirical study revealing nonlinear influences of role stressors on self-efficacy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Social Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-9029 .- 1559-1816. ; 43:2, s. 263-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study suggests that stressors can be productive for self-efficacy and that the influence of stressors on self-efficacy is nonlinear. Analyses were conducted with ordinary least squares regression on a dataset covering responses from 311 deans in Swedish secondary schools. Results support the hypothesized U-shape relationship between role conflict and self-efficacy and the inverted U-shape relationship between role ambiguity and self-efficacy. Thus, findings offer evidence for nonlinear effects of stressors on the level of incumbents' self-efficacy. This research has implications for further research focused on the association between role stressors and self-efficacy.
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| 23. |
- Vikgren, Jenny, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Visual and Quantitative Evaluation of Emphysema: A Case-Control Study of 1111 Participants in the Pilot Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Academic Radiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1076-6332 .- 1878-4046. ; 27:5, s. 636-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale and Objectives: Emphysema is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The primary aim of this study was to investigate inter- and intraobserver agreement of visual assessment of mild emphysema in low-dose multidetector computed tomography of subjects in the pilot SCAPIS in order to certify consistent detection of mild emphysema. The secondary aim was to investigate the performance of quantitative densitometric measurements in the cohort. Materials and Methods: Participants with emphysema (n = 100, 56 males and 44 females) reported in the electronic case report form of pilot SCAPIS and 100 matched controls (gender, age, height, and weight) without emphysema were included. To assess interobserver variability the randomized examinations were evaluated by two thoracic radiologists. For intraobserver variability three radiologists re-evaluated randomized examinations which they originally evaluated. The results were evaluated statistically by Krippendorff's α. The dataset was also assessed quantitively for % lung attenuation value −950 HU (LAV950), mean lung density and total lung volume by commercially available software. Results: Emphysema was visually scored as mild and Krippendorff's α was ≥0.8 for both the inter- and intraobserver agreement regarding presence of emphysema and approaching 0.8 regarding presence and extent of emphysema by location in the upper lobes. Mean LAV950 was not different between the emphysematous and the nonemphysematous participants; 8.3% and 8.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The inter- and intraobserver agreement for visual detection of mild emphysema in low-dose multidetector computed tomography was good. Surprisingly, quantitative analysis could not reliably identify participants with mild emphysema, which hampers the use of automatic evaluation. © 2019 The Association of University Radiologists
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| 25. |
- Zou, Zhiyuan V., et al.
(författare)
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Genomic profiling of the transcription factor Zfp148 and its impact on the p53 pathway
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent data suggest that the transcription factor Zfp148 represses activation of the tumor suppressor p53 in mice and that therapeutic targeting of the human orthologue ZNF148 could activate the p53 pathway without causing detrimental side effects. We have previously shown that Zfp148 deficiency promotes p53-dependent proliferation arrest of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here, we showed that Zfp148 deficiency downregulated cell cycle genes in MEFs in a p53-dependent manner. Proliferation arrest of Zfp148-deficient cells required increased expression of ARF, a potent activator of the p53 pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Zfp148 bound to the ARF promoter, suggesting that Zfp148 represses ARF transcription. However, Zfp148 preferentially bound to promoters of other transcription factors, indicating that deletion of Zfp148 may have pleiotropic effects that activate ARF and p53 indirectly. In line with this, we found no evidence of genetic interaction between TP53 and ZNF148 in CRISPR and siRNA screen data from hundreds of human cancer cell lines. We conclude that Zfp148 deficiency, by increasing ARF transcription, downregulates cell cycle genes and cell proliferation in a p53-dependent manner. However, the lack of genetic interaction between ZNF148 and TP53 in human cancer cells suggests that therapeutic targeting of ZNF148 may not increase p53 activity in humans.
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