| 1. |
- Bro, T., et al.
(författare)
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Strain out a gnat and swallow a camel? - vision and driving in the Nordic countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X. ; 96:6, s. 623-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study describes the present legislation for visual requirements for driving in the Nordic countries in relation to the European Driving License Directive. MethodsResultsInformation about the formal legislation was gathered from each countries legal text. Further information about the implementation and common practices were achieved from national authorities in vision and driving. Even though the Nordic countries use the same framework of legislation, the implementation varies widely. Sweden and Norway have more specified visual field requirements than the others. On the other hand, no periodic testing of visual acuity (VA) is performed in Sweden as in all other Nordic countries. Physicians on Iceland are not obliged to report a person no longer fulfilling the visual requirements, as in other Nordic countries. In Denmark, Finland and Norway a person may apply for dispensation from the requirements by performing a practical driving test. In Sweden, a person applying for dispensation can undergo a traffic simulator test. ConclusionBecause of the national legislation in the Nordic countries, a person with a visual impairment may be given different permissions depending on which country they live in. As the inhabitants in the Nordic countries frequently cross the regional borders, a harmonization of the legislation would be of value. More research in this field could provide future standards, combining the greatest autonomy with the highest possible safety.
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| 2. |
- Ericsson, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk för att prolaktinom växer under graviditet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 2012:25, s. 1226-1228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the results of visual field examinations during pregnancy in women with prolactinoma. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 73 women with prolactinoma (97 pregnancies) who were examined at the neuro-ophthalmologic clinic at Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset 2002-2010. Results: One of 62 women with microprolactinoma (1.2 per cent of the pregnancies and 1.6 per cent of the women) and 1 of 11 women with macroprolactinoma (9.1 per cent of the pregnancies and 7.1 per cent of the women) developed visual field defects during pregnancy due to tumour growth. Both women experienced visual symptoms. Conclusions: This study confirms that tumour growth causing visual field defects is rare during pregnancy, although more common with macro- than with microprolactinomas. Based on this and previous studies we conclude that women with microprolactinoma do not need visual field examinations during pregnancy due to a very low risk of non-symptomatic tumour growth, while for women with macroprolactinoma repeated visual field examinations during pregnancy should be considered.
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| 3. |
- Heijl, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic research in ophthalmology.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 83:3, s. 278-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nordic ophthalmologists and vision scientists are active in many fields of eye research. This is most evident at the biannual Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology, most recently held in Malmö in June 2004. The authors here review some of the research in vision and ophthalmology presented at this meeting or published recently by Nordic scientists. This paper does not represent a comprehensive review of all Nordic research in the field, but attempts to give an overview of some of the activities underway in eye research in this part of the world.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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The role of optical coherence tomography in the detection of pituitary adenoma.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X. ; 87:7, s. 776-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To analyse retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in eyes with compression of the optic chiasm by a pituitary adenoma. RNFL thickness was analysed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compared to visual field measurements using high-pass resolution perimetry (HRP). Methods: Sixteen eyes from eight patients with pituitary adenoma were studied. All had bitemporal visual field depression caused by compression of the optic chiasm. Patients were submitted to an ophthalmic examination more than 14 months after surgery (seven patients had undergone trans-sphenoidal and one trans-cranial adenomectomy). The examination included HRP, fundus photography and measurement of the peripapillar RNFL thickness using OCT. Results: In spite of temporal visual field depression, not all eyes showed reduced RNFL thickness by OCT. This was also true for some eyes in which RNFL was judged to be reduced on fundus photographs. Contrary to our expectations, RNFL thickness in the nasal quadrant was normal in nine of the 16 eyes. Corresponding figures for the superior, inferior and temporal quadrants were eight, six and five, respectively. The overall RNFL thickness, as measured by OCT, did not correlate well with neural capacity, which is an index of remaining retino-cortical neural channels in HRP. Conclusion: RNFL thickness as measured with OCT was reduced in most, but not all, eyes with temporal field depression caused by chiasmal compression. The pattern of RNFL loss did not correlate well with the visual field defect. Sensitivity of RNFL thickness measurement in OCT was low. The method has limited value in the diagnosis of pituitary tumour compression.
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| 7. |
- Kalaboukhova, Lada, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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An objective method for measuring relative afferent pupillary defect in glaucomatous optic neuropathy - stimulus optimization
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neuro-ophthalmology. - 0165-8107. ; 30, s. 7-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To develop a new technique for measuring relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) and to find the best stimulus parameters for detecting glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Methods: With a newly constructed pupillometer based on digital video recording, pupillary light reflexes were analyzed during alternating light stimulation. Pupil area was measured in each video frame using computer digital image analysis. The examinations were performed using different sets of stimulus-pause combinations. Subjects with unilateral or asymmetrical glaucoma were studied and compared to normals. Results: Alternating light stimulation of 0.5-s followed by 1-s pause was shown to be the best stimulus pattern for RAPD detection. Conclusion: Infrared pupillometry could distinguish eyes with glaucoma from normal eyes with good sensitivity and specificity.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kalaboukhova, Lada, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Glaucoma follow-up by the Heidelberg retina tomograph--new graphical analysis of optic disc topography changes.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0721-832X. ; 244:6, s. 654-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is a commercially available instrument for the detection of glaucomatous damage by analysis of optic nerve head topography. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the ability of HRT to detect changes in optic disc topography indicating progression of optic neuropathy in eyes with open-angle glaucoma or, in eyes with ocular hypertension, conversion to open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: Fifty-nine subjects (34 with ocular hypertension, 25 with glaucoma) from the glaucoma service at Sahlgrenska University Hospital were included in this study. One eye of each patient was selected. All participants underwent thorough clinical examination, including HRT, high-pass resolution perimetry (HRP), and optic disk photography. After a mean follow-up time of 50 months, patients were re-examined. Based on analyses of optic disc photographs and HRP, eyes were classified into one of two groups: progressive or stable. The differences between baseline and follow-up HRT parameters in the two groups were analysed. The topographic HRT change images were also compared after digital image processing. A pixel ratio was calculated defined as the ratio between the area of pixels representing deepening of the disc surface and the total disc area. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for HRT parameters and pixel ratio were compared. RESULTS: In the group judged to have progressive optic neuropathy, a statistically significant change between baseline and follow-up examination was found for the following HRT parameters: cup shape measurement, classification index, the third moment in contour, cup/disc ratio, cup area, rim area, and area below reference). In the stable group no HRT parameters had changed significantly. A well-defined distinction between the two groups was found by comparing digitally processed HRT change images. The area under the ROC curve was larger for pixel ratio than for any of the HRT parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The HRT is a useful tool for long-term follow-up of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Digital image processing of HRT change images could facilitate the detection of progressive change.
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| 10. |
- Kalaboukhova, Lada, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Relative afferent pupillary defect in glaucoma: a pupillometric study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 85:5, s. 519-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study the presence of relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in patients with glaucoma with the help of a custom-built pupillometer. METHODS: Sixty-five participants were recruited (32 with open-angle glaucoma and 33 healthy subjects). All underwent standard clinical examination including perimetry and optic disc photography. Pupillary light reflexes were examined with a custom-built pupillometer. Three video sequences were recorded for each subject. Alternating light stimulation with a duration of 0.5 seconds was used, followed by a 1 second pause. Mean values of pupil area ratio (PAR), pupil contraction velocity ratio (PCVR), and pupil dilation velocity ratio (PDVR) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for each of the three parameters. Intra-individual variability was estimated. RESULTS: PAR and PDVR differed significantly between the group with glaucoma and the control group (P < 0.0001). PAR was more sensitive for glaucoma detection than the other pupillometric parameters (PCVR and PDVR). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was largest for PAR. At a fixed specificity of 90%, sensitivity for PAR was 86.7%. CONCLUSION: Measuring RAPD with infrared computerized pupillometry can detect optic neuropathy in glaucoma with high sensitivity and specificity. The method is fast and objective. Pupil area amplitude measurements were superior to pupil velocity measurements for the detection of RAPD in glaucoma.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Kvickström, P., et al.
(författare)
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Amaurosis fugax – delay between symptoms and surgery by specialty
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Ophthalmology. - 1177-5467. ; 10, s. 2291-2296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe the time course of management of patients with amaurosis fugax and analyze differences in management by different specialties. Methods: Patients diagnosed with amaurosis fugax and subjected to carotid ultrasound in 2004–2010 at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital,Gothenburg,Sweden (n=302) were included in this retrospective cohort study,and data were collected from medical records. Results: The prevalence of significant carotid stenosis was 18.9%,and 14.2% were subjected to carotid endarterectomy. A trend of longer delay for surgery was noted for patients first consulting a general practitioner (P=0.069) as compared to hospital-based specialties. For 46.3% of the patients,an ophthalmologist was their first medical contact. No significant difference in time interval to endarterectomy was seen between ophthalmologists and neurologists/internists. Only 31.8% of the patients with significant carotid stenosis had carotid endarterectomy within 2 weeks from the debut of symptoms,and this proportion was smaller for patients residing outside the Gothenburg city area (P=0.038). Conclusion: Initially consulting an ophthalmologist does not delay the time to ultrasound or carotid endarterectomy. The overall time from symptoms to surgery is longer than recommended for a majority of the patients,especially for patients from rural areas and for patients initially consulting a general practitioner. © 2016 Kvickström et al.
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| 13. |
- Kvickström, P., et al.
(författare)
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Amaurosis fugax: Risk factors and prevalence of significant carotid stenosis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Ophthalmology. - 1177-5467. ; 10, s. 2165-2170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and prevalence of carotid stenosis in patients with amaurosis fugax (AF). Method: Patients diagnosed with AF and subjected to carotid ultrasound in 2004–2010 in Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (n=302), were included, and data were retrospectively collected from medical records. Results: The prevalence of significant carotid stenosis was 18.9%, and 14.2% of the subjects were subjected to carotid endarterectomy. Significant associations with risk of having $70% stenosis were male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–5.46), current smoking (aOR: 6.26; 95% CI: 2.62–14.93), diabetes (aOR: 3.68; 95% CI: 1.37–9.90) and previous vasculitis (aOR: 10.78; 95% CI: 1.36–85.5). A majority of the patients (81.4%) was seen by an ophthalmologist prior to the first ultrasound. Only 1.7% of the patients exhibited retinal artery emboli at examination. Conclusion: The prevalence of carotid stenosis among patients with AF is higher than has previously been demonstrated in stroke patients. An association with previously reported vascular risk factors and with vasculitis is seen in this patient group. Ocular findings are scarce. © 2016 Kvickström et al.
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| 14. |
- Lilja, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Visual pathway impairment by pituitary adenomas: quantitative diagnostics by diffusion tensor imaging.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of neurosurgery. - 1933-0693. ; 127:3, s. 569-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE Despite ample experience in surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas, little is known about objective indices that may reveal risk of visual impairment caused by tumor growth that leads to compression of the anterior visual pathways. This study aimed to explore diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a means for objective assessment of injury to the anterior visual pathways caused by pituitary adenomas. METHODS Twenty-three patients with pituitary adenomas, scheduled for transsphenoidal tumor resection, and 20 healthy control subjects were included in the study. A minimum suprasellar tumor extension of Grade 2-4, according to the SIPAP (suprasellar, infrasellar, parasellar, anterior, and posterior) scale, was required for inclusion. Neuroophthalmological examinations, conventional MRI, and DTI were completed in all subjects and were repeated 6 months after surgery. Quantitative assessment of chiasmal lift, visual field defect (VFD), and DTI parameters from the optic tracts was performed. Linear correlations, group comparisons, and prediction models were done in controls and patients. RESULTS Both the degree of VFD and chiasmal lift were significantly correlated with the radial diffusivity (r = 0.55, p < 0.05 and r = 0.48, p < 0.05, respectively) and the fractional anisotropy (r = -0.58, p < 0.05 and r = -0.47, p < 0.05, respectively) but not with the axial diffusivity. The axial diffusivity differed significantly between controls and patients with VFD, both before and after surgery (p < 0.05); however, no difference was found between patients with and without VFD. Based on the axial diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, a prediction model classified all patients with VFD correctly (sensitivity 1.0), 9 of 12 patients without VFD correctly (sensitivity 0.75), and 17 of 20 controls as controls (specificity 0.85). CONCLUSIONS DTI could detect pathology and degree of injury in the anterior visual pathways that were compressed by pituitary adenomas. The correlation between radial diffusivity and visual impairment may reflect a gradual demyelination in the visual pathways caused by an increased tumor effect. The low level of axial diffusivity found in the patient group may represent early atrophy in the visual pathways, detectable on DTI but not by conventional methods. DTI may provide objective data, detect early signs of injury, and be an additional diagnostic tool for determining indication for surgery in cases of pituitary adenomas.
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| 15. |
- Lindblom, Bertil, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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A multicentre, retrospective study of resource utilization and costs associated with glaucoma management in France and Sweden.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 84:1, s. 74-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To assess resource utilization and costs associated with glaucoma management in France and Sweden. METHODS: A total of 267 patient records (121 in France, 146 in Sweden) with diagnoses of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OH), treated medically, were reviewed for a 2-year period (beginning during 1997-99) for relevant clinical and resource utilization data. Economic data were applied to estimate treatment costs. RESULTS: The annual cost of treating glaucoma was estimated at SEK5305 (531 euro )/patient in Sweden and 390 euro/patient in France. In both countries, medication costs comprised about half of the total costs. Surgical procedures and hospitalizations represented greater proportions of total cost in France (7.0% and 9.6%, respectively) than in Sweden (3.7% and 0.6%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Medication costs represent a high proportion of total treatment costs. These findings highlight the relative importance of medical therapy and of assessing the cost-effectiveness of medications in glaucoma.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Lindblom, Bertil, 1951
(författare)
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Ögat och synen genom livet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Incitament. - 1103-503X. ; 201:1, s. 41-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ostberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Skövde cataract study: I. Prevalence of lens opacities in a Swedish community.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Ophthalmology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1549-4713 .- 0161-6420. ; 113:6, s. 970-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of lens opacities in a well-defined Swedish population. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred inhabitants of the town of Skövde, Sweden were randomly selected and invited to an ophthalmologic examination. Invited persons were 70 to 84 years old and were assigned to 1 of 3 age groups: 70 to 74, 75 to 79, or 80 to 84. METHODS: All participants underwent visual acuity (VA) testing using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study acuity chart. Lens opacities were graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System III after pupil dilation. Causes of visual impairment, other than cataract, were identified by thorough ophthalmologic examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of lens opacities. RESULTS: Five hundred sixty-five persons underwent a complete examination (participation rate, 80.7%). As expected, the presence of lens opacities increased with age. Using a definition of cataract based on morphologic changes only, prevalences of cataract in one or both eyes were 23.5% for women and 14.0% for men in the entire cohort. If prevalence of previous cataract surgery was included, prevalence rose to 47.9% for women and 27.3% for men. In all age groups, lens opacities were denser and cataract prevalence was higher in women than in men. Consequently, VA was lower in females than in men, when other reasons for visual impairment were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Lens opacities were common in the studied age groups and increased with age. In all studied age groups, lens opacities were denser in women than in men.
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