| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Gisslén, Magnus, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden, the first country to achieve the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO) 90-90-90 continuum of HIV care targets
- 2017
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Ingår i: HIV Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1464-2662 .- 1468-1293. ; 18:4, s. 305-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO) 90-90-90 goals propose that 90% of all people living with HIV should know their HIV status, 90% of those diagnosed should receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 90% of those should have durable viral suppression. We have estimated the continuum of HIV care for the entire HIV-1-infected population in Sweden. Methods: The Swedish InfCare HIV Cohort Study collects viral loads, CD4 counts, and viral sequences, along with demographic and clinical data, through an electronic clinical decision support system. Almost 100% of those diagnosed with HIV infection are included in the database, corresponding to 6946 diagnosed subjects living with HIV-1 in Sweden by 31 December 2015. Results: Using HIV surveillance data reported to the Public Health Agency of Sweden, it was estimated that 10% of all HIV-infected subjects in Sweden remain undiagnosed. Among all diagnosed patients, 99.8% were linked to care and 97.1% of those remained in care. On 31 December 2015, 6605 of 6946 patients (95.1%) were on ART. A total of 6395 had been on treatment for at least 6 months and 6053 of those (94.7%) had a viral load < 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. Conclusions: The 2014 UNAIDS/WHO 90-90-90 goals for HIV care means that > 73% of all patients living with HIV should be virologically suppressed by 2020. Sweden has already achieved this target, with 78% suppression, and is the first country reported to meet all the UNAIDS/WHO 90-90-90 goals.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Biggs, Reinette, et al.
(författare)
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Social-ecological change : insights from the Southern African Program on Ecosystem Change and Society
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2639-5908 .- 2639-5916. ; 18:1, s. 447-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social-ecological systems (SES) research has emerged as an important area of sustainability science, informing and supporting pressing issues of transformation towards more sustainable, just and equitable futures. To date, much SES research has been done in or from the Global North, where the challenges and contexts for supporting sustainability transformations are substantially different from the Global South. This paper synthesises emerging insights on SES dynamics that can inform actions and advance research to support sustainability transformations specifically in the southern African context. The paper draws on work linked to members of the Southern African Program on Ecosystem Change and Society (SAPECS), a leading SES research network in the region, synthesizing key insights with respect to the five core themes of SAPECS: (i) transdisciplinary and engaged research, (ii) ecosystem services and human well-being, (iii) governance institutions and management practices, (iv) spatial relationships and cross-scale connections, and (v) regime shifts, traps and transformations. For each theme, we focus on insights that are particularly novel, interesting or important in the southern African context, and reflect on key research gaps and emerging frontiers for SES research in the region going forward. Such place-based insights are important for understanding the variation in SES dynamics around the world, and are crucial for informing a context-sensitive global agenda to foster sustainability transformations at local to global scales.
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| 5. |
- Biggs, Reinette, et al.
(författare)
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The Southern African Program on Ecosystem Change and Society : an emergent community of practice
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2639-5908 .- 2639-5916. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability-focused research networks and communities of practice have emerged as a key response and strategy to build capacity and knowledge to support transformation towards more sustainable, just and equitable futures. This paper synthesises insights from the development of a community of practice on social-ecological systems (SES) research in southern Africa over the past decade, linked to the international Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS). This community consists of a network of researchers who carry out place-based SES research in the southern African region. They interact through various cross-cutting working groups and also host a variety of public colloquia and student and practitioner training events. Known as the Southern African Program on Ecosystem Change and Society (SAPECS), its core objectives are to: (1) derive new approaches and empirical insights on SES dynamics in the southern African context; (2) have a tangible impact by mainstreaming knowledge into policy and practice; and (3) grow the community of practice engaged in SES research and governance, including researchers, students and practitioners. This paper reflects on experiences in building the SAPECS community, with the aim of supporting the development of similar networks elsewhere in the world, particularly in the Global South.
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| 6. |
- Biurrun, Idoia, et al.
(författare)
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Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Vegetation Science. - Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 32:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Journal of Vegetation Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association for Vegetation Science.Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology. © 2021 The Authors.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Grindborg, J.-E., et al.
(författare)
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Nanodosimetric measurements and calculations in a neutron therapy beam
- 2007
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 126:1-4, s. 463-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparison of calculated and measured values of the dose mean lineal energy (yD) for the former neutron therapy beam at Louvain-la-Neuve is reported. The measurements were made with wall-less tissue-equivalent proportional counters using the variance-covariance method and simulating spheres with diameters between 10 nm and 15 µm. The calculated yD-values were obtained from simulated energy distributions of neutrons and charged particles inside an A-150 phantom and from published yD-values for mono-energetic ions. The energy distributions of charged particles up to oxygen were determined with the SHIELD-HIT code using an MCNPX simulated neutron spectrum as an input. The mono-energetic ion yD-values in the range 3-100 nm were taken from track-structure simulations in water vapour done with PITS/KURBUC. The large influence on the dose mean lineal energy from the light ion (A > 4) absorbed dose fraction, may explain an observed difference between experiment and calculation. The latter being larger than earlier reported result. Below 50 nm, the experimental values increase while the calculated decrease. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Hackman, T., et al.
(författare)
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Spot activity of II Peg
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astronomical Notes - Astronomische Nachrichten. - : Wiley. - 0004-6337 .- 1521-3994. ; 332:9-10, s. 859-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the long-term spot activity of the RS CVn star II Peg by means of Doppler imaging based on spectroscopy and time series analysis of photometry. We present 28 Doppler imaging temperature maps spanning the years 1994-2010, of which 14 were calculated for the present study. The longitudinal spot distribution, derived from the surface temperature maps, is compared with epochs of the light curve minima, derived from photometric observations. We detect a longitudinal drift in the major spot structure during 1995-2003. After this there is a clear decrease in the activity level and no clear drift can be seen. We conclude that the variations could be caused by a cyclic behaviour of the underlying magnetic dynamo.
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| 12. |
- Hultqvist, Martha, et al.
(författare)
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Nanodosimetry in a (12)C ion beam using Monte Carlo simulations
- 2010
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Ingår i: Radiation Measurements. - : Elsevier BV. - 1350-4487 .- 1879-0925. ; 45:10, s. 1238-1241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dose-mean lineal energy, (y) over bar (D), has been calculated in water for irradiation with (12)C ions with initial energies 290 MeV/u. The y, was evaluated from the energy distributions of carbon and secondary boron ions, and from their energy-dependent pp-values. The energy distributions were obtained from simulations with the Monte Carlo code SHIELD-HIT07 and the energy-dependent (y) over bar (D)-values were obtained from ion-track simulations with PITS99 coupled with the electron transport code KURBUC. The ratio of the (y) over bar (D)-value determined in the vicinity of the Bragg peak to that calculated in a reference (60)Co gamma beam was compared with the corresponding ratio of alpha-values from the linear-quadratic model used in fractionated radiotherapy, showing a good correlation for an object size of around 10 nm.
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| 13. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrological and meteorological investigations in a periglacial lake catchment near Kangerlussuaq, west Greenland - presentation of a new multi-parameter data set
- 2015
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 7:1, s. 93-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few hydrological studies have been conducted in Greenland, other than on glacial hydrology associated with the ice sheet. Understanding permafrost hydrology and hydroclimatic change and variability, however, provides key information for understanding climate change effects and feedbacks in the Arctic landscape. This paper presents a new, extensive, and detailed hydrological and meteorological open access data set, with high temporal resolution from a 1.56 km(2) permafrost catchment, with a lake underlain by a through-talik close to the ice sheet in the Kangerlussuaq region, western Greenland. The paper describes the hydrological site investigations and utilized equipment, as well as the data collection and processing. The investigations were performed between 2010 and 2013. The high spatial resolution, within the investigated area, of the data set makes it highly suitable for various detailed hydrological and ecological studies on catchment scale. The data set is available for all users via the PANGAEA database, http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.836178.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Kyllönen, J, et al.
(författare)
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Photon and neutron dose discrimination using low pressure proportional counters with graphite and A150 walls
- 2007
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press. - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 125:1-4, s. 314-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A graphite-walled proportional counter with low neutron sensitivity was used in combination with a tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) to separate the photon and neutron components in mixed radiation fields. Monte Carlo (MCNP4C) simulations of the photon and neutron responses of the two detectors were done to obtain correction factors for the sensitivity differences. In an alternative method the radiation components were determined using constant-yD-values for typical photon and neutron energy distributions. The results show no significant difference between the two methods and the measured neutron dose-equivalent agrees within ±50% with Bonner sphere determined values. The experimental data were obtained in measurement campaigns organised within the EVIDOS-project.
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| 17. |
- Lillhök, J E, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of ambient dose equivalent meters and dose calculations at constant flight conditions
- 2007
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Ingår i: Radiation Measurements. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1350-4487 .- 1879-0925. ; 42:3, s. 323-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambient dose-equivalent results from an in-flight comparison between different tissue-equivalent proportional counters and silicon diode spectrometers from seven European institutes are presented and compared with calculations using the EPCARD computer program. The measurements were performed on 40 000 and 32 000 ft in narrow target areas at latitudes N57 and N42. Keeping the altitude and geographic position almost constant provided unique conditions for comparisons. The different measuring systems as well as the calculations are in remarkably good agreement, with an average standard deviation in the ambient dose equivalent between 6% and 21%. The ratio between calculated and measured ambient dose-equivalent rates varies between 0.91 and 1.09, with an average of 1.00±0.08 (1s). Nevertheless some systematic differences in the experimentally determined ambient dose equivalent and its low-LET and high-LET components are noticed and discussed. It is concluded that the standard deviation between different instruments can through optimization and harmonization of the calibration procedures be reduced by up to a factor of two.
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| 18. |
- Lillhök, J E, et al.
(författare)
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Nanodosimetry in a clinical neutron therapy beam using the variance-covariance method and Monte Carlo simulations.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 52:16, s. 4953-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nanodosimetric single-event distributions or their mean values may contribute to a better understanding of how radiation induced biological damages are produced. They may also provide means for radiation quality characterization in therapy beams. Experimental nanodosimetry is however technically challenging and Monte Carlo simulations are valuable as a complementary tool for such investigations. The dose-mean lineal energy was determined in a therapeutic p(65)+Be neutron beam and in a Co-60 gamma. beam using low-pressure gas detectors and the variance-covariance method. The neutron beam was simulated using the condensed history Monte Carlo codes MCNPX and SHIELD-HIT. The dose-mean lineal energy was calculated using the simulated dose and fluence spectra together with published data from track-structure simulations. A comparison between simulated and measured results revealed some systematic differences and different dependencies on the simulated object size. The results show that both experimental and theoretical approaches are needed for an accurate dosimetry in the nanometer region. In line with previously reported results, the dose-mean lineal energy determined at 10 nm was shown to be related to clinical RBE values in the neutron beam and in a simulated 175 MeV proton beam as well.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Lindborg, L, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of HyCoSy on spontaneous pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Human reproduction (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2350 .- 0268-1161. ; 24:5, s. 1075-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to test whether the use of sonography contrast could enhance the chance of spontaneous clinical pregnancy in women undergoing subfertility investigation.
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| 23. |
- Lindborg, L, et al.
(författare)
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Lineal energy and radiation quality in radiation therapy: model calculations and comparison with experiment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : Institute of Physics: Hybrid Open Access. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 58:10, s. 3089-3105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microdosimetry is a recommended method for characterizing radiation quality in situations when the biological effectiveness under test is not well known. In such situations, the radiation beams are described by their lineal energy probability distributions. Results from radiobiological investigations in the beams are then used to establish response functions that relate the lineal energy to the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). In this paper we present the influence of the size of the simulated volume on the relation to the clinical RBE values (or weighting factors). A single event probability distribution of the lineal energy is approximated by its dose average lineal energy ((y) over bar (D)) which can be measured or calculated for volumes from a few micrometres down to a few nanometres. The clinical RBE values were approximated as the ratio of the alpha-values derived from the LQ-relation. Model calculations are presented and discussed for the SOBP of a C-12 ion (290 MeV u(-1)) and the reference Co-60 gamma therapy beam. Results were compared with those for a conventional x-ray therapy beam, a 290 MeV proton beam and a neutron therapy beam. It is concluded that for a simulated volume of about 10 nm, the alpha-ratio increases approximately linearly with the (y) over bar (D)-ratio for all the investigated beams. The correlation between y and alpha provides the evidence to characterize a radiation therapy beam by the lineal energy when, for instance, weighting factors are to be estimated.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Lindborg, M., et al.
(författare)
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Engineered High-Affinity Affibody Molecules Targeting Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor beta In Vivo
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 407:2, s. 298-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) B is a marker of stromal pericytes and fibroblasts and represents an interesting target for both diagnosis and therapy of solid tumors. A receptor-specific imaging agent would be a useful tool for further understanding the prognostic role of this receptor in vivo. Affibody molecules constitute a class of very small binding proteins that are highly suited for in vivo imaging applications and that can be selected to specifically recognize a desired target protein. Here we describe the isolation of PDGFRB-specific Affibody molecules with subnanomolar affinity. First-generation Affibody molecules were generated from a large naive library using phage display selection. Subsequently, sequences from binders having a desired selectivity profile and competing with the natural ligand for binding were used in the design of an affinity maturation library, which was created using a single partially randomized oligonucleotide. From this second-generation library, Affibody molecules with a 10-fold improvement in affinity (K-d =0.4-0.5 nM) for human PDGFR beta and a 4-fold improvement in affinity (K-d = 6-7 nM) for murine PDGFRO were isolated and characterized. Complete reversible folding after heating to 90 degrees C, as demonstrated by circular dichroism analysis, supports tolerance to labeling conditions for molecular imaging. The binders were highly specific, as verified by dot blot showing staining reactivity only with human and murine PDGFR beta, but not with human PDGFR alpha, or a panel of control proteins including 16 abundant human serum proteins. The final binder recognized the native conformation of PDGFR beta expressed in murine NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and human AU565 cells, and inhibited ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation in PDGFR beta-transfected porcine aortic endothelial cells. The PDGFR beta-specific Affibody molecule also accumulated around tumoral blood vessels in a model of spontaneous insulinoma, confirming a potential for in vivo targeting.
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| 26. |
- Lindborg, M., et al.
(författare)
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High-affinity binding to staphylococcal protein A by an engineered dimeric Affibody molecule
- 2013
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Ingår i: Protein Engineering Design & Selection. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-0126 .- 1741-0134. ; 26:10, s. 635-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody molecules are engineered binding proteins, in which the three-helix bundle motif of the Z domain derived from protein A is used as a scaffold for sequence variation. We used phage display to select Affibody binders to staphylococcal protein A itself. The best binder, called ZpA963, binds with similar affinity and kinetics to the five homologous E, D, A, B and C domains of protein A, and to a five-domain protein A construct with an average dissociation constant, K-D, of 20 nM. The structure of ZpA963 in complex with the Z domain shows that it interacts with a surface on Z that is identical in the five protein A domains, which explains the multi-domain affinity. This property allows for high-affinity binding by dimeric Affibody molecules that simultaneously engage two protein A domains in a complex. We studied two ZpA963 dimers in which the subunits were linked by a C-terminal disulfide in a symmetric dimer or head-to-tail in a fusion protein, respectively. The dimers both bind protein A with high affinity, very slow off-rates and with saturation-dependent kinetics that can be understood in terms of dimer binding to multiple sites. The head-to-tail (ZpA963)(2)htt dimer binds with an off-rate of k(off) 5 10(6) s(1) and an estimated K-D 16 pM. The results illustrate how dimers of selected monomer binding proteins can provide an efficient route for engineering of high-affinity binders to targets that contain multiple homologous domains or repeated structural units.
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| 27. |
- Lund, Eva, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Performance testing of personal dosemeters from eleven dosimetry services in Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 96:1-3, s. 99-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish regulation, SSI FS 98:5, requires that radiological workers of category A use dosemeters from an approved personal dosimetry service. The 11 services operating in Sweden at the moment use five different types of dosemeter. All have been tested for their ability to determine Hp(10) and some of them to determine Hp(0.07) according to the European Commission report Radiation Protection 73, EUR 14852, of 1994. The five unique systems have been tested regarding the angular and energy dependence of the response of the dosemeters. The test points for the determination of Hp(10) are all, except one, within the trumpet curve and for the unique systems it is shown that the uncertainty related to angular response at three different energies is within the required ▒40% except for the lowest X ray quality 40 kV. The energy dependence dominates over the directional dependence and the choice of radiation quality for calibration is of great importance for the system performance.
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| 28. |
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| 31. |
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| 33. |
- Oka, T., et al.
(författare)
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Chopstick-type gripper mechanism for meal-assistance robot capable of adapting to size and elasticity of foods
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mechanisms and Machine Science. - Cham : Springer Netherlands. - 2211-0984 .- 2211-0992. ; 66, s. 284-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposed a chopstick-type gripper for a meal-assistance robot, which is capable of adapting its shape and the contact force with the target food according to the size and the elasticity of the food. Solely using position control of the driving motor for the mechanism, this feature was enabled without relying on force sensors. The gripper was designed based on the concept of under-actuation and a planar mechanism with 2 DOF composed of a combination of 2 four-bar mechanisms having a torsion spring in a passive joint. To clarify the gripping motion and relationship among the contact force, food’s size and elasticity, a simulation based on kineto-elasto-static analysis was performed. Finally, to verify the theoretical analysis, a simple prototype was manufactured and an experiment to measure the contact force has been conducted.
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| 34. |
- Orlova, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Site-specific radiometal labeling and improved biodistribution using ABY-027, a novel HER2-targeting affibody molecule-albumin-binding domain fusion protein
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667 .- 2159-662X. ; 54:6, s. 961-968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because of their better penetration, smaller targeting proteins may be superior to antibodies for radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors. Therefore, Affibody molecules (6.5 kDa) have a potential for being suitable as targeted moiety for radiolabeled therapeutic proteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that a fusion of an Affibody molecule with an albumin-binding domain (ABD) provides a strong noncovalent binding to albumin in vivo. This strong noncovalent binding can be used for reduction of the renal uptake of the Affibody molecule while maintaining a size smaller than that of an antibody, which is important when using residualizing radionuclide labels conjugated to Affibody molecules. The goal of this study was to design and evaluate a new targeting Affibody - ABD fusion protein with improved biodistribution properties for radionuclide therapy. Methods: A novel Affibody-based construct, Z HER2:2891-ABD035-DOTA (ABY-027), was created by fusion of the reengineered HER2-binding Affibody molecule ZHER2:2891 to the N terminus of the high-affinity ABD035, and a maleimido-derivative of DOTA was conjugated at the C terminus of the construct. Binding and processing of 177Lu-ABY-027 by HER2-expressing cells were evaluated in vitro. Targeting of HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts was evaluated in BALB/C nu/nu mice and compared with targeting of previously reported ABD-(Z HER2:342)2. Results: The binding affinity (dissociation constant) of ABY-027 to HER2 (74 pM) was the same as for the parental Z HER2:2891 (76 pM). ABY-027 was stably labeled with 177Lu and 111In with preserved specific binding to HER2-expressing cells in vitro. In vivo receptor saturation experiments demonstrated that targeting of SKOV-3 xenografts in BALB/C nu/nu mice was HER2-specific. 177Lu-ABY- 027 demonstrated substantially (2- to 3-fold) lower renal and hepatic uptake than previously assessed HER2-specific Affibody-based albumin-binding agents. Tumor uptake of radiolabeled ABY-027 at 48 h after injection was 2-fold higher than that for previously reported ABD-(ZHER2:342)2. Conclusion: An optimized molecular design of an ABD fusion protein resulted in an Affibody molecule construct with better properties for therapy. Fully preserved in vivo targeting of the fusion protein was shown in xenografted mice. Site-specific coupling of DOTA provides a uniform conjugate and creates the potential for labeling with a broad range of therapeutic radionuclides. The biodistribution of 177Lu-ABY-027 in a murine model suggests it is more suitable for therapy than alternative approaches.
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| 35. |
- Read, Peter L., et al.
(författare)
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Comparative terrestrial atmospheric circulation regimes in simplified global circulation models. Part II : Energy budgets and spectral transfers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. - : Wiley. - 0035-9009 .- 1477-870X. ; 144:717, s. 2558-2576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energetics of possible global atmospheric circulation patterns in an Earth-like atmosphere are explored using a simplified global General Circulation Model (GCM) based on the University of Hamburg's Portable University Model for the Atmosphere (designated here as PUMA-S), forced by linear relaxation towards a prescribed temperature field and subject to Rayleigh surface drag and hyperdiffusive dissipation. Results from a series of simulations, obtained by varying planetary rotation rate with an imposed equator-to-pole temperature difference, were analysed to determine the structure and magnitude of the heat transport and other contributions to the energy budget for the time-averaged, equilibrated flow. These show clear trends with rotation rate, with the most intense Lorenz energy cycle for an Earth-sized planet occurring with a rotation rate around half that of the present-day Earth (i.e., =/(E)=1/2, where (E) is the rotation rate of the Earth). Kinetic energy (KE) and available potential energy (APE) spectra, E-K(n) and E-A(n) (where n is total spherical wavenumber), also show clear trends with rotation rate, with n(-3) enstrophy-dominated spectra around =1 and steeper (approximate to n(-5)) slopes in the zonal mean flow with little evidence for the n(-5/3) spectrum anticipated for an inverse KE cascade. Instead, both KE and APE spectra become almost flat at scales larger than the internal Rossby radius, L-d, and exhibit near-equipartition at high wavenumbers. At <<1, the spectrum becomes dominated by KE with E-K(n)approximate to(2-3)E-A(n) at most wavenumbers and a slope that tends towards n(-5/3) across most of the spectrum. Spectral flux calculations show that enstrophy and APE are almost always cascaded downscale, regardless of rotation rate. KE cascades are more complicated, however, with downscale transfers across almost all wavenumbers, dominated by horizontally divergent modes, for less than or similar to 1 / 4 . At higher rotation rates, transfers of KE become increasingly dominated by rotational (horizontally nondivergent) components with strong upscale transfers (dominated by eddy-zonal flow interactions) for scales larger than L-d and weaker downscale transfers for scales smaller than L-d.
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