| 1. |
- Higashi, Ai, et al.
(författare)
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Challenge of isolated sputum cells supports in vivo origin of intolerance reaction to aspirin/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in asthma
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 158:3, s. 299-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is no in vitro test to diagnose aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA). The aim of this study was to test if challenge with aspirin of sputum cells from subjects with AIA triggers the release of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), known to be mediators of bronchoconstriction in AIA. Methods: Sputum induction was performed at baseline and at another visit 2 h after a lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation in 10 subjects with AIA and 9 subjects with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA). The isolated sputum cells were incubated for ex vivo challenge. Results: Release of CysLTs by sputum cells from patients with AIA was not induced by lysine-aspirin ex vivo, neither when cells were collected at baseline nor in sputum cells recovered after lysine-aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction, whereas release of CysLTs from sputum cells was triggered by an ionophore on both occasions. However, the CysLT levels elicited by the ionophore were higher in the AIA group both at baseline (AIA vs. ATA: 3.3 vs. 1.6 ng/million cells; p < 0.05) and after the lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation (3.9 vs. 1.7 ng/million cells; p < 0.05). This difference in the amount of CysLTs released between the groups appeared to be related to the number of eosinophils. Conclusions: Intolerance to aspirin could not be triggered in sputum cells isolated from subjects with AIA. Together with the previous inability to demonstrate intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in isolated blood cells, these results support the requirement of tissue-resident cells in the adverse reaction. However, ex vivo stimulation of sputum cells may be developed into a new test of capacity for LT release in inflammatory cells recovered from airways.
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| 2. |
- Aghajanova, Lusine, et al.
(författare)
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Receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones in human ovarian tissue
- 2009
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Ingår i: Reproductive BioMedicine Online. - : Elsevier BV. - 1472-6483 .- 1472-6491. ; 18:3, s. 337-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dysfunction in thyroid regulation can cause menstrual and ovulatory disturbances, the mechanism of which is not clear. The distribution and activity of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHR), and the thyroid hormone receptors (TR) alpha1, alpha2 and beta1 in human ovarian tissue and in granulosa cells was studied using immunohistochemistry, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative PCR and immunoassays. Strong immunostaining of TSHR, TRalpha1 and TRbeta1 was observed in ovarian surface epithelium and in oocytes of primordial, primary and secondary follicles, with minimal staining in granulosa cells of secondary follicles. Granulosa cells of antral follicles expressed TSHR, TRalpha1 and TRbeta1 proteins. Messenger RNA for all receptors was present in ovarian tissue. Mature human granulosa cells expressed transcripts for 5' deiodinases types 2 and 3, but not type 1, indicating the possibility of conversion of peripheral thyroid hormone thyroxin (T(4)). Granulosa cells stimulated with TSH showed a significant increase in cAMP concentrations after 2 h of culture (P = 0.047), indicating activation through TSHR. Stimulation with T(4) resulted in increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 activation after 10, 30, 60 min and 24 h. These data demonstrate that TSH and thyroid hormone receptors may participate in the regulation of ovarian function.
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| 3. |
- Aghajanova, Lusine, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and thyroid hormone receptors are involved in human endometrial physiology
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 95:1, s. 230-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the expression, distribution, and function of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and thyroid hormone receptors (TR) alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 in human endometrium. DESIGN: Experimental clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENT(S): 31 fertile women. INTERVENTION(S): Endometrial biopsy samples obtained throughout the menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western blot to study the expression of TSHR, TRalpha1, TRalpha2, and TRbeta1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins in human endometrium. RESULT(S): We found TSHR, TRalpha1, TRalpha2 and TRbeta1 mRNA and proteins expressed in human endometrium. Immunostaining for TSHR in the luminal epithelium and TRalpha1 and beta1 in the glandular and luminal epithelium increased statistically significantly on luteinizing hormone (LH) days 6 to 9, coinciding with appearance of pinopodes. Endometrial stromal and Ishikawa cells expressed mRNA for TSHR, TR, and iodothyronine deiodinases 1-3. After 48 hours, TSH significantly increased leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and LIF receptor (LIFR) messenger RNA (mRNA) in endometrial stromal cells, but decreased their expression in Ishikawa cells. Glucose transporter 1 mRNA was up-regulated by TSH in Ishikawa cells. We found that TSH statistically significantly increased secretion of free triiodothyronine (T(3)) and total thyroxin (T(4)) by Ishikawa cells compared with nonstimulated cells. CONCLUSION(S): Thyroid hormones are directly involved in endometrial physiology.
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| 4. |
- Arm, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Gasbildning i aska
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Flykt, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Fear of Wolves and Bears : Physiological Responses and Negative Associations in a Swedish Sample
- 2013
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Ingår i: Human Dimensions of Wildlife. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1087-1209 .- 1533-158X. ; 18:6, s. 416-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human fear is important in wildlife management, but self-reported fear provides only partial information about fear reactions. Thus, eye movements, skin conductance, and changes in heart rate were assessed during picture viewing, visual search, and implicit evaluation tasks. Pictures of bears, wolves, moose, and hares were presented to participants who self-reported as fearful of bears (n = 8), fearful of bears and wolves (n = 15), or not fearful of bears or wolves (n = 14). The feared animal was expected to elicit strong physiological responses, be dwelled upon, and be associated with negative words. Independent of fearfulness, bear pictures elicited the strongest physiological responses, and wolf pictures showed the strongest negative associations. The bear-fearful group showed stronger physiological responses to bears. The bear- and wolf-fearful group showed more difficulty in associating bears with good words. Presence of a feared animal in the search task, resulted in prolonged response time.
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| 6. |
- Flykt, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological and behavioral responses in human fear of bears and wolves.
- 2012
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Ingår i: IAPS 22 Conference: Human experience in the natural and built environment: Implications for research policy & practice (Abstracts of Presentations).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on human emotions towards large carnivores is often based on self-reported emotions. This study aimed to investigate physiological and behavioral responses to feared animals among people who say that they are fearful or not fearful of brown bear and wolf. Participants were recruited to be bear fearful only (n=8), fearful of both bear and wolves (n=15), or fearful of neither carnivore (n=14). Three experiments were conducted, including recordings of ECG, skin conductance and eye movements. In the first experiment the task was to look at different pictures of bear, wolf, moose and hare. In the second experiment the participants had to screen 3x4 search arrays with moose pictures. The task was to decide if a hare picture was present in the arrays or not. A bear or a wolf picture could also occur in the arrays, but should be ignored. The third experiment was an implicit association test where the task was to pair wolf, bear or hare, with good or bad words.The results suggest that bear pictures are potent stimuli for eliciting sympathetic activity regardless if the individuals are bear fearful or not. Wolf pictures showed more negative associations and attention capturing effects regardless if the participants are fearful of wolves or not. These results might imply that cognitive interpretation of physiological arousal has an important role for bear fear, and that cognitive interpretation of negative association has an important role in wolf fear. Being fearful of only bear, but not wolf, or being fearful of both these carnivores made a difference. The group fearful of only bears did also display an increase in parasympathetic activity to bear pictures. The group fearful of both carnivores did not show this increase, however, they did show more difficulty in associating bear with good words, an effect that was not shown in the group only fearful of bears. These results imply that specific fear of one specific carnivore species have a different etiology than being fearful of carnivores in general.When a picture of a feared animal appeared among the moose the response time increased. Thus, perceiving a feared carnivore is distractive and has an effect on performance. The group fearful of bears, but not wolves, did respond faster when a wolf picture occurred among the moose pictures. This implies that mental resources are allocated to the feared animal when it is potentially present but not perceived, and that these resources can be freed if the individual is "assured" that the feared animal will not appear.This study showed that fear is a central emotion in relation to wildlife, and that experimental methods are needed to get a substantial understanding of fear. An understanding of the etiology of bear and wolf fear and its relation to cognitions and performance is important for wildlife policy decisions.
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| 7. |
- Fontes Villalba, Maelan, et al.
(författare)
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A healthy diet with and without cereal grains and dairy products in patients with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a random-order cross-over pilot study - Alimentation and Diabetes in Lanzarote -ADILAN.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on the role of nutrition in type 2 diabetes has largely focused on macro/micronutrient composition and dietary fiber intake, while fewer studies have tested the effects of differing food choice. Some observational studies and short-term intervention studies suggest that a food pattern mimicking the diet with which humans evolved positively influences glucose control and associated endocrine systems. Such a food pattern mainly differs from other common healthy food patterns in its absence of cereal grains and dairy products. The primary aim of this pilot study is to determine the effect of two healthy diets with or without cereal grains and dairy products on glucose control, while keeping participants' weight stable and other food parameters, such as macro/micronutrient composition, dietary fiber and glycemic load, the same in both diets.
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| 8. |
- Jones, Grace, et al.
(författare)
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Relating estimates of wood properties of birch to stem form, age and species
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Forestry Research. - : Springer. - 1007-662X .- 1993-0607. ; 35:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birch has long suffered from a lack of active forest management, leading many researchers to use material without a detailed management history. Data collected from three birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) sites in southern Sweden were analyzed using regression analysis to detect any trends or differences in wood properties that could be explained by stand history, tree age and stem form. All sites were genetics trials established in the same way. Estimates of acoustic velocity (AV) from non-destructive testing (NDT) and predicted AV had a higher correlation if data was pooled across sites and other stem form factors were considered. A subsample of stems had radial profiles of X-ray wood density and ring width by year created, and wood density was related to ring number from the pith and ring width. It seemed likely that wood density was negatively related to ring width for both birch species. Linear models had slight improvements if site and species were included, but only the youngest site with trees at age 15 had both birch species. This paper indicated that NDT values need to be considered separately, and any predictive models will likely be improved if they are specific to the site and birch species measured.
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| 9. |
- Jonsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Acidemia at birth in the vigorous infant as a trigger incident to assess intrapartum care with regard to CTG patterns
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-7058 .- 1476-4954. ; 26:11, s. 1094-1098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate if acidemia in vigorous infants is a useful variable in the assessement of intrapartm care with regard to cardiotocographic (CTG) patterns during the second stage. Methods: Cases (n = 241) were infants with an umbilical artery pH<7.05, controls (n 482) were infants with pH >= 7.05. Apgar score was >= 7 at 5 min in both groups. CTGs during the last two hours of labor were assessed and neonatal outcomes compared. A sub-analysis of cases with metabolic acidemia: pH<7.00 and base deficit >= 12 mmol/L and acidemia: 7.00
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| 10. |
- Jonsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Acidemia at birth, related to obstetric characteristics and to oxytocin use, during the last two hours of labor
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 87:7, s. 745-750
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Evaluate obstetric characteristics during the last two hours of labor in neonates born with acidemia. Design. Case-control study. Setting. Delivery units at two university hospitals in Sweden. Study population. Out of 28,486 deliveries during 1994-2004, 305 neonates had an umbilical artery pH value <7.05 at birth. Methods. Cases: neonates with an umbilical artery pH < 7.05. Controls were neonates with pH ≥ 7.05 and an Apgar score ≥7 at 5 minutes. Obstetric characteristics, cardiotocographic patterns and oxytocin treatment during the last two hours of labor were recorded. Results. In the univariate analysis, ≥6 contractions/10 minutes (odds ratio (OR) 4.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.25-7.49), oxytocin use (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.66-2.92), bearing down ≥45 minutes (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.31-2.38) and occipito-posterior position (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.19-3.98) were associated with acidemia at birth. In the multivariate analysis, only ≥6 contractions/10 minutes (OR 5.36, 95% CI 3.32-8.65) and oxytocin use (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.21-2.97) were associated with acidemia at birth. Among cases with ≥6 contractions/10 minutes, 75% had been treated with oxytocin. Pathological cardiotocographic patterns occurred in 68.8% of cases and in 26.1% of controls (p<0.001). Conclusion. A hyperactive uterine contraction pattern and oxytocin use are the most important risk factors for acidemia at birth. The increased uterine activity was related to overstimulation in the majority of cases. The duration of bearing down is less important when uterine contraction frequency has been considered.
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| 11. |
- Jonsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of malpractice claims with a focus on oxytocin use in labour
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 86:3, s. 315-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to analyse the motives behind disciplinary action in obstetric malpractice cases concerning delivery, and to evaluate the frequency of inappropriate oxytocin use in these cases. METHODS: An analysis of all malpractice claims resulting in disciplinary action against physicians and midwives during the period 1996-2003. Investigations and decisions made by the Board of Medical Responsibility were reviewed with special focus on the use of oxytocin. RESULTS: Of 77 cases, 60 regarded patients in labour. In the majority, there had been a normal pregnancy and spontaneous start of labour (78%). At the beginning of labour, 87% showed a normal fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern, indicating fetal well-being. In 70%, there was adverse fetal outcome with brain damage or death. The most common reason for disciplinary action was improper interpretation of fetal monitor tracings and corresponding failure to recognise fetal distress (76%). Injudicious use of oxytocin was common (68.5%), and was the primary reason for disciplinary action in 33% of the cases. CONCLUSION: In a Swedish setting, a few common clinical problems pervade; interpretation of FHR patterns and the use of oxytocin account for the majority of rulings of negligence in malpractice cases regarding delivery. Analysis of the cases suggests that the adverse fetal outcomes could possibly have been prevented.
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| 12. |
- Jonsson, Maria, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic acidosis at birth and suboptimal care - illustration of the gap between knowledge and clinical practice
- 2009
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Ingår i: BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328. ; 116:11, s. 1453-1460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the occurrence and nature of suboptimal intrapartum care in cases with metabolic acidosis in the newborn, and to estimate the degree to which this may be prevented. Design Case-control study. Clinical audit. Setting Delivery units at two university hospitals in Sweden. Population Out of 28 486 deliveries, 161 neonates >= 34 weeks of gestational age were born with metabolic acidosis. Methods Cases (n = 161): umbilical artery pH < 7.05 and base deficit >= 12 mmol/l. Controls (n = 322): pH >= 7.05 and Apgar score >= 7 at 5 minutes. Obstetric characteristics and oxytocin administration were recorded. The last 2 hours of electronic fetal monitoring before delivery were evaluated blinded to outcome. Intrapartum management was analysed for suboptimal care by using predefined criteria. Main outcome measure Suboptimal intrapartum care. Results Case and control comparisons displayed an occurrence of suboptimal care in 49.1% versus 13.0% (P < 0.001), oxytocin misuse in 46.6% versus 13.0% (P < 0.001), a failure to respond to a pathological cardiotocographic pattern in 19.9% versus 1.2% (P < 0.001) and suboptimal care related to vacuum deliveries in 3.1% versus 0.3% (P < 0.01) respectively. Conclusion Metabolic acidosis at birth is often associated with suboptimal intrapartum care. The high rate of suboptimal care with regard to oxytocin use and fetal surveillance illustrate a gap between guidelines and clinical practice. Metabolic acidosis and related neonatal morbidity could potentially be prevented in 40-50% of cases. The adherence to guidelines must be checked.
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| 13. |
- Jonsson, Maria, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal encephalopathy and the association to asphyxia in labor
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9378 .- 1097-6868. ; 211:6, s. 667.e1-667.e8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In cases with moderate and severe neonatal encephalopathy, we aimed to determine the proportion that was attributable to asphyxia during labor and to investigate the association between cardiotocographic (CTG) patterns and neonatal outcome.STUDY DESIGN: In a study population of 71,189 births from 2 Swedish university hospitals, 80 cases of neonatal encephalopathy were identified. Cases were categorized by admission CTG patterns (normal or abnormal) and by the presence of asphyxia (cord pH, <7.00; base deficit, ≥12 mmol/L). Cases with normal admission CTG patterns and asphyxia at birth were considered to experience asphyxia related to labor. CTG patterns were assessed for the 2 hours preceding delivery.RESULTS: Admission CTG patterns were normal in 51 cases (64%) and abnormal in 29 cases (36%). The rate of cases attributable to asphyxia (ie, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy) was 48 of 80 cases (60%), most of which evolved during labor (43/80 cases; 54%). Both severe neonatal encephalopathy and neonatal death were more frequent with an abnormal, rather than with a normal, admission CTG pattern (13 [45%] vs 11 [22%]; P = .03), and 6 [21%] vs 3 [6%]; P = .04), respectively. Comparison of cases with an abnormal and a normal admission CTG pattern also revealed more frequently observed decreased variability (12 [60%] and 8 [22%], respectively) and more late decelerations (8 [40%] and 1 [3%], respectively).CONCLUSION: Moderate and severe encephalopathy is attributable to asphyxia in 60% of cases, most of which evolve during labor. An abnormal admission CTG pattern indicates a poorer neonatal outcome and more often is associated with pathologic CTG patterns preceding delivery.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Jonsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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St depression at caesarean section and the relation to oxytocin dose : a randomised controlled trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328. ; 117:1, s. 76-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate whether there is a difference in occurrence of electrocardiogram changes suggestive of myocardial ischaemia between two different doses of oxytocin. Design Double-blind randomised controlled trial Setting University hospital in Sweden. Population A total of 103 healthy women undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Methods The participants were randomised to 5 or 10 units of oxytocin, given as an intravenous bolus. A Holter monitor was used to record electrocardiograms and non invasive blood pressure and heart rate (HR) was monitored. A blood sample was obtained 12-hour postoperatively. Main outcome measures Depression of the ST segment. Secondary outcomes: symptoms, Troponon I levels, mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR and blood loss. Results There was a significant difference in occurrence of ST depressions associated with oxytocin administration, 4 (7.7%) with 5 and 11 (21.6%) with 10 units, P < 0.05. The absolute risk reduction was 13.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.5-27.3). Decrease of mean MAP from baseline to 2 minutes differed, being 9 mmHg in the 5 unit group and 17 mmHg in the 10 unit group (P < 0.01). The increase in mean HR did not differ. Troponin I levels were increased in four subjects (3.9%). There were no differences in occurrence of symptoms, Troponin I levels, or estimated blood loss. Conclusion ST depressions were associated with oxytocin administration significantly more often in subjects receiving 10 units compared with 5 units. Interventions to prevent hypotension during caesarean section may reduce the occurrence of ST depressions on electrocardiograms.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Jonsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Suboptimal care and metabolic acidemia is associated with neonatal encephalopathy but not with neonatal seizures alone : a population-based clinical audit
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 93:5, s. 477-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the incidence of moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and neonatal seizures without encephalopathy, and the association with metabolic acidemia. Secondly, to investigate the occurrence of suboptimal intrapartum care and its impact on neonatal outcome.Design: Clinical audit.Setting: Two university hospitals in Sweden.Population: Neonates 34weeks with moderate or severe NE and neonatal seizures alone, i.e. without encephalopathy, from a population of 71189 births, where umbilical blood gases were routinely analyzed.Methods: Neonates were categorized depending on the presence of metabolic acidemia at birth by umbilical artery pH<7.00, base deficit 12mmol/L. Records were audited for suboptimal care and a decision was made on whether management was assessed to have impacted neonatal outcome.Main outcome measures: Encephalopathy and seizures alone.Results: We identified 80 neonates with NE and 30 with seizures alone, of which 48 (60%) and none, respectively, had metabolic acidemia. Suboptimal care could be assessed in 77 and occurred in 28 (36%) NE cases and in one neonate with seizures alone (p<0.001). In 47 NE cases with metabolic acidemia, suboptimal care occurred in 22 (47%) vs. 6/30 (20%) without metabolic acidemia (p=0.02). Suboptimal care had an impact on outcome in 18/77 (23%) NE cases but in no cases with seizures alone.Conclusion: Suboptimal care was commonly seen with NE, particularly in neonates with metabolic acidemia, and also affected neonatal outcome. No such associations were found in neonates with seizures alone.
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| 18. |
- Jonsson, Maria, 1966-
(författare)
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Use and Misuse of Oxytocin During Delivery
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Obstetric malpractice claims, concerning delivery during a period of eight years, were analysed for motives behind disciplinary actions, and for the frequency of inappropriate oxytocin use.Failure to respond to signs of foetal distress, injudicious use of oxytocin and a failure to effect a timely delivery were the recurrent problems that accounted for the majority of disciplinary actions. Inappropriate use of oxytocin was more frequent than reported in earlier studies. (Paper I) In a case-control study, differences in the obstetric management in neonates born with and without acidaemia (umbilical artery pH < 7.05), was evaluated. Out of 28,486 deliveries during 1994–2004, 305 neonates were born with acidaemia. Uterine hyperactivity and oxytocin use were independently associated to acidaemia at birth. The increased uterine activity was related to oxytocin treatment in 75 % of cases. Pathological cardiotocographic patterns occurred significantly more often in the case group. The results indicate that guidelines on oxytocin use and foetal surveillance are not followed. The duration of bearing down is less important when uterine contraction frequency has been considered. (Paper II) In a subset of study II, cases with metabolic acidosis (umbilical artery pH < 7.05 and base deficit ≥12 mmol/L) and controls were audited for the occurrence of suboptimal intrapartum care, and the nature of such care. It was found that suboptimal care occurred in half (49%) of the cases, while it was less frequent but not uncommon among controls (13%). Suboptimal care consisted of injudicious use of oxytocin and a failure of appropriate action upon signs of foetal distress. A high rate of NICU admissions and diagnosis of encephalopathy in the case group confirms that metabolic acidosis should be avoided. We estimate that metabolic acidosis could probably have been prevented in 40-50% of the cases.(PaperIII) Women (n=103) scheduled for elective caesarean section in regional anaesthesia were randomised to 5 or 10 units oxytocin, given as an intravenous bolus (double blinded), and electrocardiograms were analysed for ST depressions as a sign of myocardial ischaemia. ST depressions were associated with oxytocin administration significantly more often in subjects receiving 10 compared with 5 units. A dose of 10 units resulted in a more marked decrease of the mean arterial blood pressure, but no difference in increase of the heartrate. There was no difference in estimated blood loss. (paper IV)
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| 19. |
- Lindeberg, Maria
(författare)
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Molecular and morphological studies of folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and embryogenesis in humans
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Infertility is a problem that affects about 15 percent of all couples. Many can be helped by assisted reproductive techniques, but still today many couples are treated without a successful outcome. The reason for infertility is sometimes known, but there are also many cases of unexplained infertility. Therefore, basic knowledge about follicle development, maturation of oocytes and preimplantation embryo development needs to be explored further. In article I we investigated the possibility to quantify gene expression in single embryos and blastomeres to detect the expected increase occurring at the time for the embryonic gene activation (EGA). We found that real-time RT-PCR was sensitive enough for this purpose, as we could detect an increased gene expression of the translation initiation factor 1A (eIF-1A) at the expected time in mouse and human preimlantation embryos and in mouse blastomeres. Possibly, with further improvements such measurements could be useful when evaluating the developmental capacity of early embryos. In article II we utilized the unique opportunity to study non-luteinized granulosa cells (GC s) from in vitro maturation (IVM) treatments. We studied the effect of gonadotrophins (FSH and hCG) on the non-luteinized GCs by measuring secretion of estrogen and progesterone and the expression levels of the enzymes p450aromatase and p450scc (side chain cleavage enzyme) before and after treatment. These measurements were compared to luteinized GCs from conventional IVF-treated patients. Furthermore, we studied how the receptors for LH and FSH reacted to the different treatments in nonluteinized GC s. We observed increased or unchanged hormone production and gene expression of the enzymes involved in their synthesis in the non-luteinized GC s, while in the luteinized GC s the hormone production and enzyme expression was decreased or unchanged in response to the different treatments. In IVM GC s the LH receptor expression increased with FSH treatment but the expression of the FSH receptor was unaffected. We concluded that the more reactive non-luteinized GC s are more interesting to study as they are still in a stage where they can influence the oocyte. The effect of growth differentiation factor -9 (GDF-9) on follicular development was investigated in article III. This was studied in ovarian tissue cultures using different GDF-9 agonists and antagonists. We found that the addition of exogenous rhGDF-9 stimulates growth of early follicles and promotes the transition from the primary to the secondary stage. We also saw that this transition could be inhibited by blocking endogenous GDF-9 using the soluble receptor BMPRII-Fc. These findings can be very useful trying to mature follicles from cryopreserved tissue in vitro. Finally, in article IV we have adapted a recently developed research instrument, the Cell- IQ®, for studies of oocyte maturation in vitro. In this instrument the incubator and the imaging equipment is integrated and we can follow the different maturation events in detail without disturbing the culture conditions. This offers an excellent opportunity to optimize the culture conditions in order to improve the clinical IVM procedure. Our findings provide new information regarding the complex regulation of folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation and we also provide helpful tools for further investigations aiming at improving assisted reproductive techniques.
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| 20. |
- Lindeberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Exhaustion predicts coronary heart disease independently of symptoms of depression and anxiety in men but not in women.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1360 .- 0022-3999. ; 72:1, s. 17-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exhaustion is hypothesised to be a risk-factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but as such its independence from emotional states, in particular depression, has not been established in previous investigations. This study aimed to explore the unique contribution of exhaustion, independent from symptoms of depression and anxiety, to CHD development.
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| 21. |
- Lindeberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial working conditions and exhaustion in a working population sample of Swedish middle-aged men and women.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 21, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exhaustion is a concept of interest for both occupational health research and stress-disease theory research. The aim of the present study was to explore associations between chronic stressors, in terms of psychosocial working conditions, and exhaustion in a Swedish middle-aged population sample. METHODS: A vocationally active population sample of the Malmö Shoulder and Neck Study cohort, comprising 2555 men and 2466 women between 45 and 64 years of age, was used. Psychosocial working conditions, assessed by means of the demand-control-support model, were measured longitudinally with a 1-year interval. Exhaustion was assessed by the SF-36 vitality scale and measured at follow-up, yielding a cross-sectional study design. RESULTS: Exhaustion was twice as common in women as in men. High psychological job demands, low job control and low job support were independently associated with exhaustion in both men and women. These associations remained after controlling for a variety of potential confounders and mediators, including socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, musculoskeletal pain, disease, other work-related factors (including physical workload) and non-work-related factors. High demands in combination with low control (job strain), and job strain combined with low job support (iso-strain), increased the risk for exhaustion. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial working conditions seem to contribute to exhaustion in middle-aged men and women. Future research should include exploration of exhaustion as a possible mediator between work stress and disease, as well as exploration of other chronic stressors, including non-work-related stressors, regarding their effects on exhaustion in men and women.
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| 24. |
- Spante, Maria, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Find The Drive : On Co-Designing Practice And Experience Of A Research And Development Project Driven By Municipalities And University
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICERI2018 Proceedings. - : IATED. - 9788409059485 ; , s. 10347-10356
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to highlight challenges and opportunities connected to collaboration between municipal school administrators, principals, teachers and researchers. The current study was formulated in cooperation between researchers and administrators from two rural Swedish municipalities. The study was based on their concern on large gender gap in grades, and on a notion held by some principals and teachers that the motivation for school is low for many students, especially among low-achieving boys.The project was co-designed in close collaboration between administrators, principals and researchers. The negotiated purpose was thus collaboratively broadened to include not only gender patterns but also other sociological aspects that affect learner identities and motivation. Project information was provided through on-site visits where the project was presented for all staff members at each school in each municipality. During the first year, observations were carried out in grade 6 in five schools, and grade 9 in three schools. Two researchers followed each class one week, by teacher invitation. The focus was on the conditions for learning and motivation offered in class, and on factors supporting and hindering the learning and motivation of girls and boys with different backgrounds and resources. Semi-structured interviews with teachers in the targeted classes (N=18) were held. The interviews focused on the teachers' notions of student achievement and motivation in regard to gendered norms, curriculum and classroom practices. Teachers were also asked to reflect on the possibilities to change prevailing patterns. Semi-structured interviews with students, mostly in pairs (N=70; 39 girls, 31 boys) were carried out. The topics for these interviews were the students' notions of how school, home and peers interplay with their views on learning, motivation and their aspirations for the future. In addition to the practice-based research activities, organizational development and competence building were key ambitions in the cooperation between the two municipalities and the university. The model for this was a one-day workshop for the entire pedagogical staff in the schools at the respective municipality (N=195, N= 65). During these days, local experiences and observations were discussed in relation to presented research concerning study motivation and gender patterns.Groups of teachers sat together and shared their understandings and reflections. All group conversations were documented in shared online documents for capturing and spreading thoughts and understandings. These shared documents provided a source for further discussions after the actual competence development day. The same model for data gathering will be carried out in year two of the project in order to have a solid foundation for analysis and further recommendations and suggestions. So far, our mutual experience from the range of roles participating in the project, is that the model for co-designing a project combining competence development arrangements with research activities is a fruitful cross-fertilizing process for knowledge creation and professional learning.
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- Varasteh, Zohreh, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of macrocyclic chelators on the targeting properties of the 68Ga-labeled gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist PEG2-RM26
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 42:5, s. 446-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionOverexpression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) has been reported in several cancers. Bombesin (BN) analogs are short peptides with a high affinity for GRPR. Different BN analogs were evaluated for radionuclide imaging and therapy of GRPR-expressing tumors. We have previously investigated an antagonistic analog of BN (D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2, RM26) conjugated to NOTA via a PEG2 spacer (NOTA-PEG2-RM26) labeled with 68Ga, 111In and Al18F. 68Ga-labeled NOTA-PEG2-RM26 showed high tumor-to-organ ratios.MethodsThe influence of different macrocyclic chelators (NOTA, NODAGA, DOTA and DOTAGA) on the targeting properties of 68Ga-labeled PEG2-RM26 was studied in vitro and in vivo.ResultsAll conjugates were labeled with generator-produced 68Ga with high yields and demonstrated high stability and specific binding to GRPR. The IC50 values of natGa-X-PEG2-RM26 (X = NOTA, DOTA, NODAGA, DOTAGA) were 2.3 ± 0.2, 3.0 ± 0.3, 2.9 ± 0.3 and 10.0 ± 0.6 nM, respectively. The internalization of the conjugates by PC-3 cells was low. However, the DOTA-conjugated analog demonstrated a higher internalization rate compared to other analogs. GRPR-specific uptake was found in receptor-positive normal tissues and PC-3 xenografts for all conjugates. The biodistribution of the conjugates was influenced by the choice of the chelator moiety. Although all radiotracers cleared rapidly from the blood, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 showed significantly lower uptake in lung, muscle and bone compared to the other analogs. The uptake in tumors (5.40 ± 1.04 %ID/g at 2 h p.i.) and the tumor-to-organ ratios (25 ± 3, 157 ± 23 and 39 ± 4 for blood, muscle and bone, respectively) were significantly higher for the NOTA-conjugate than the other analogs.ConclusionsChelators had a clear influence on the biodistribution and targeting properties of 68Ga-labeled antagonistic BN analogs. Positively charged [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 provided a low kidney radioactivity uptake, high affinity, high tumor uptake and high image contrast.
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- Varasteh, Zohreh, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Mini-PEG-Based Spacer Length on Binding and Pharmacokinetic Properties of a Ga-68-Labeled NOTA-Conjugated Antagonistic Analog of Bombesin
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 19:7, s. 10455-10472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overexpression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in cancer can be used for peptide-receptor mediated radionuclide imaging and therapy. We have previously shown that an antagonist analog of bombesin RM26 conjugated to 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N, N', N ''-triacetic acid (NOTA) via a diethyleneglycol (PEG(2)) spacer (NOTA-PEG(2)-RM26) and labeled with Ga-68 can be used for imaging of GRPR-expressing tumors. In this study, we evaluated if a variation of mini-PEG spacer length can be used for optimization of targeting properties of the NOTA-conjugated RM26. A series of analogs with different PEG-length (n = 2, 3, 4, 6) was synthesized, radiolabeled and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The IC50 values of Ga-nat-NOTA-PEG(n)-RM26 (n = 2, 3, 4, 6) were 3.1 +/- 0.2, 3.9 +/- 0.3, 5.4 +/- 0.4 and 5.8 +/- 0.3 nM, respectively. In normal mice all conjugates demonstrated similar biodistribution pattern, however Ga-68-NOTA-PEG(3)-RM26 showed lower liver uptake. Biodistribution of Ga-68-NOTA-PEG(3)-RM26 was evaluated in nude mice bearing PC-3 (prostate cancer) and BT-474 (breast cancer) xenografts. High uptake in tumors (4.6 +/- 0.6% ID/g and 2.8 +/- 0.4% ID/g for PC-3 and BT-474 xenografts, respectively) and high tumor-to-background ratios (tumor/ blood of 44 +/- 12 and 42 +/- 5 for PC-3 and BT-474 xenografts, respectively) were found already at 2 h p.i. of Ga-68-NOTA-PEG(3)-RM26. Results of this study suggest that variation in the length of the PEG spacer can be used for optimization of targeting properties of peptide-chelator conjugates. However, the influence of the mini-PEG length on biodistribution is minor when di-, tri-, tetra- and hexaethylene glycol are compared.
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