| 1. |
- Mispelaere, Jan, 1965-
(författare)
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Guldmynt eller äpple : Straffrättsligt ansvar för barn och ungdomar i Sverige och Nederländerna 1590-1800
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The principal aim of this dissertation was to examine the character in praxis of children's and youth's criminal responsibility in two particular European regions during the early modern period that, in comparison with each other, were marked by a number of substantial societal differences. The regions selected were the densely populated, market-oriented coastal district of the Netherlands and the sparsely populated agricultural society in Sweden during the period 1590-1800.Since there were substantial economic and social differences between the Netherlands and Sweden during the 1600s in such areas as the development of salaried work, urbanization, and the structure and character of the household, it was reasonable to imagine that the present investigation would reveal, among other things, that there were marked differences in views concerning children and youth as well. Upon the basis of what was written concerning the application of extenuating circumstances in respect to children, along with what was known about views concerning children in older legislation, previous research has emphasized that there were a considerable number of similarities within European legal praxis during the early modern period.In conclusion, one can state that early modern judges from the Netherlands and Sweden assigned criminal responsibility to children under twelve in quite similar ways, while the differences between them in this regard primarily concerned how youths were treated. There was roughly the same attitude concerning children throughout the period 1590-1799 in both regions, but the view concerning the criminal responsibility of teenagers was different in the Netherlands until the first half of the 1700s. Views concerning their criminal responsibility were quite clearly influenced by such factors as gender, competence, and age, but the effect of social changes was to a much greater degree visible in praxis for them than it was in respect to children under twelve. Different societies placed different demands on youths, and this was expressed above all in the age level for full responsibility and the application of adult punishment.The most striking differences between the Netherlands and Sweden concerned the application of age limits for full responsibility, the responsibility borne by youths who had been enticed into committing crimes, and the manner in which the law viewed the responsibility of boys and girls when the offenders were between twelve and eighteen years of age. All three of the most substantial differences thus involved the level of criminal responsibility that youths bore.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aronsson, August, 1980-
(författare)
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Löfte, tvist och försoning : Politikens spelregler i 1300-talets Norden
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims to explain how politics in 14th century Scandinavia were structured by a set of rules or norms of conduct – rules which were neither codified nor enforced by any outside agency, yet had a very real impact on the patterns by which political action was conducted. Taking inspiration from historical anthropology, the study sets out to analyze the ways in which political tensions and relationships, primarily within the royal elite, were negotiated in various situations. The source material – mainly letters of treaties, but also contemporary literary sources – are treated as remains of political communication within a common discursive framework.The findings of the study go against some established notions about politics in the 14th century that are prevalent in current Scandinavian research. On the whole, patterns of political behaviour during the period show great similarities to those of the earlier Middle Ages, despite the discontinuity implied by the idea of the 13th century as the era of "state formation" in Scandinavia. Rather, the kings and princes of the 14th century appear to have been ruled by quite similar norms of behaviour to those of their predecessors, albeit on a more complex scale.The concepts of peace and justice are shown to have been central to the way that political action was legitimized. No functional difference can be shown to have been made between "feudal" or personal relations, and those of the state. Peace was conceived as a state of harmony, which could only be achieved through the establishment of mutual positive bonds, and an active striving for justice. The latter was achieved, both with the aid of mediators and negotiators, and through the demonstration of force, in patterns largely similar to the practice of feuding. Likewise, acts of supplication and reconciliation are shown to have played an active part in the way that political relations were reified during the process of ending an armed conflict.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, Erik
(författare)
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Historien i politiken : Historieanvändning i norsk och svensk EU-debatt 1990-1994
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this dissertation the use of history in public debate in Norway and Sweden in relation to membership in the European Union (EU) 1990–1994 is examined. The purpose is to contribute with new knowledge about the relationship between politics and writing history, as well as describe the role of history in national and other identities. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative. Historical narratives are re-constructed from the history used by the political figures when they argued for or against EU membership. The narratives relate to the political subjects which were in the limelight in connection with the question of EU, as well as preconceptions about Norwegian, Swedish and European identity. The dissertation shows that history is a multifaceted rhetorical tool in the political debate. In Sweden it was the policy of national security which was debated from a historical perspective. In it the debaters also used several examples from European history. In Norway, history entered the debate in connection with issues relating to sovereignty and democracy. In comparison with the Swedish EU debate, European history was drawn on less in Norway. Historical narratives of identity appearing in the EU debate show structural similarities, but at the same time differ in significant aspects. In a comparison the Norwegian national narrative seems unequivocal and well defined. It is retrospective due to its main component being the development of democracy in 19th century Norway. The Swedish national narrative is very clearly based on a notion of progress and continuous development, both as regards economy and democracy, and it is the history of the 20th century which stands in focus. In Sweden the constructions of the past separated according to party political lines, and the content of the national narrative was very much subject to debate.
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Louise, 1966-
(författare)
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Guds stat och maktens villkor : Politiska ideal i Vadstena kloster, ca 1370-1470
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vadstena abbey was one of the most powerful religious institutions of Sweden in the Middle Ages. This thesis analyses two specific aspects of this position: the position of Vadstena abbey as an agent in the political space of the late Middle Ages, and the political ideals propagated by that institution.Sermons written for the feast days of Nordic saints constitute the central source material for this study. Sermons were the most efficient mass media of the medieval world and at an institution like Vadstena, preachers could hope to reach thousands of people from all social groups. Using the sermons I have analysed the political ideals propagated by the abbey. In the beginning of the period, the abbey taught an ideal close to that of Bernard of Clairvaux, an ideology of the supremacy of religious institutions over temporal ones, the priests as the lights of society and the unique authority of saint Birgitta. They berated the temporal powers for not following the dictates of the church and maintained that such behaviour would lead to ruin. Towards the middle of the 15th century a significant change occurred. The brothers began to teach that an evil king and tyrant was still legitimate, since his misrule was part of God’s plan.This change in the political ideals is related to a change in the position of the abbey in relation to temporal powers. After being relatively autonomous the abbey gradually became less so. This, I argue, is due to the strengthening of the institution of monarchy during a period otherwise seen as simply chaotic.
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| 6. |
- Bäck, Tom, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted alpha therapy with astatine-211-labeled anti-PSCA A11 minibody shows antitumor efficacy in prostate cancer xenografts and bone microtumors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ejnmmi Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-219X. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising treatment for micrometastatic and minimal residual cancer. We evaluated systemic alpha-radioimmunotherapy (alpha-RIT) of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) using the alpha-particle emitter At-211-labeled to the anti-PSCA A11 minibody. A11 is specific for prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), a cell surface glycoprotein which is overexpressed in more than 90% of both localized prostate cancer and bone metastases. Methods PC3-PSCA cells were implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) and intratibially (i.t) in nude mice. Efficacy of alpha-RIT (two fractions-14-day interval) was studied on s.c. macrotumors (0, 1.5 and 1.9 MBq) and on i.t. microtumors (100-200 mu m; 0, 0.8 or 1.5 MBq) by tumor-volume measurements. The injected activities for therapies were estimated from separate biodistribution and myelotoxicity studies. Results Tumor targeting of At-211-A11 was efficient and the effect on s.c. macrotumors was strong and dose-dependent. At 6 weeks, the mean tumor volumes for the treated groups, compared with controls, were reduced by approximately 85%. The separate myelotoxicity study following one single fraction showed reduced white blood cells (WBC) for all treated groups on day 6 after treatment. For the 0.8 and 1.5 MBq, the WBC reductions were transient and followed by recovery at day 13. For 2.4 MBq, a clear toxicity was observed and the mice were sacrificed on day 7. In the long-term follow-up of the 0.8 and 1.5 MBq-groups, blood counts on day 252 were normal and no signs of radiotoxicity observed. Efficacy on i.t. microtumors was evaluated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the tumor-free fraction (TFF) was 95% for both treated groups and significantly different (p < 0.05) from the controls at a TFF of 66%). In experiment 2, the difference in TFF was smaller, 32% for the treated group versus 20% for the controls. However, the difference in microtumor volume in experiment 2 was highly significant, 0.010 +/- 0.003 mm(3) versus 3.79 +/- 1.24 mm(3) (treated versus controls, respectively), i.e., a 99.7% reduction (p < 0.001). The different outcome in experiment 1 and 2 is most likely due to differences in microtumor sizes at therapy, or higher tumor-take in experiment 2 (where more cells were implanted). Conclusion Evaluating fractionated alpha-RIT with At-211-labeled anti-PSCA A11 minibody, we found clear growth inhibition on both macrotumors and intratibial microtumors. For mice treated with multiple fractions, we also observed radiotoxicity manifested by progressive loss in body weight at 30 to 90 days after treatment. Our findings are conceptually promising for a systemic TAT of mCRPC and warrant further investigations of At-211-labeled PSCA-directed vectors. Such studies should include methods to improve the therapeutic window, e.g., by implementing a pretargeted regimen of alpha-RIT or by altering the size of the targeting vector.
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| 7. |
- Dulic, Tomislav, 1968-
(författare)
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Utopias of Nation : Local Mass Killing in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1941-42
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study analyses the mechanisms of local mass violence perpetrated by the Croatian fascist Ustasha organisation and the Serbian nationalist Chetniks in Bosnia and Herzegovina during 1941–42. A theoretical and methodological model has been devised, that is based on an investigation the three “dimensions” of mass killing, namely intent, systematics and magnitude. Each of the dimensions are connected to the three phases of conceptualisation, implementation and realisation, which forms the “process of mass killing”.The conceptualisation phase relates to how the actors conceived their ideas of “ethnic purification” and exclusion, and how the ideology was mediated to the public. The analysis of the implementation phase aims at identifying the phases and levels of systematic destruction, and the social processes at work in the local communities, including how victims tried to cope and avoid perseution, public responses, and the motives for participating in terror. The third phase is dedicated to a statistical analysis in order to identify the magnitude of destruction, victim categories and the effects of policy changes.The empirical data is based on documents originating with the main belligerents, witness statements, memoirs, and statistical data. The conclusions are that the killings and persecution were well organised, although there were differences between the main belligerents. The study also shows that propaganda played a less important role for participation in mass killing than is frequently believed, while factors such as insecurity and the prospect of personal gain were more salient. The theoretical and methodological ap-proach proved particularly useful, since it showed that local circumstances significantly affect the destruction process. At the same time, the study identifies a strong correlation between decision-making on the political level and local mass killing.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential Radioimmunotherapy with (177)Lu- and (211)At-Labeled Monoclonal Antibody BR96 in a Syngeneic Rat Colon Carcinoma Model.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8852 .- 1084-9785. ; 29:6, s. 238-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Alpha-particle emitters, such as astatine-211 ((211)At), are generally considered suitable for the treatment of small cell clusters due to their short path length, while beta-particle emitters, for example, Lutetium-177 ((177)Lu), have a longer path length and are considered better for small, established tumors. A combination of such radionuclides may be successful in regimens of radioimmunotherapy. In this study, rats were treated by sequential administration of first a (177)Lu-labeled antibody, followed by a (211)At-labeled antibody 25 days later. Methods: Rats bearing solid colon carcinoma tumors were treated with 400MBq/kg body weight (177)Lu-BR96. After 25 days, three groups of animals were given either 5 or 10MBq/kg body weight of (211)At-BR96 simultaneously with or without a blocking agent reducing halogen uptake in normal tissues. Control animals were not given any (211)At-BR96. Myelotoxicity, body weight, tumor size, and development of metastases were monitored for 120 days. Results: Tumors were undetectable in 90% of the animals on day 25, independent of treatment. Additional treatment with (211)At-labeled antibodies did not reduce the proportion of animals developing metastases. The rats suffered from reversible myelotoxicity after treatment. Conclusions: Sequential administration of (177)Lu-BR96 and (211)At-BR96 resulted in tolerable toxicity providing halogen blocking but did not enhance the therapeutic effect.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Successful radioimmunotherapy of established syngeneic rat colon carcinoma with 211At-mAb.
- 2013
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Ingår i: EJNMMI research. - 2191-219X. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most carcinomas are prone to metastasize despite successful treatment of the primary tumor. One way to address this clinical challenge may be targeted therapy with alpha-emitting radionuclides such as astatine-211 (211At). Radioimmunotherapy utilizing alpha-particle emitting radionuclides is considered especially suitable for the treatment of small cell clusters and single cells, although lesions of different sizes may also be present in the patient. The aim of this study was primarily to evaluate the toxicity and secondarily in vivo efficacy of a 211At-labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against colon carcinoma with tumor diameters of approximately 10 mm. METHODS: Eighteen rats with subperitoneal syngeneic colon carcinoma were allocated to three groups of six animals together with three healthy rats in each group. The groups were injected intravenously with either 150 mug of unlabeled mAbs (controls) or 2.5 or 5 MBq 211At-mAbs directed towards the Lewis Y antigen expressed on the cell membrane of several carcinomas. Tumor volume, body weight, and blood cell counts were monitored for 100 days after treatment. RESULTS: Local tumors were non-palpable in five out of six rats after treatment with both activities of 211At-mAbs, compared to one out of six in the control group. At the study end, half of the animals in each group given 211At-BR96 and one animal in the control group were free from disease. Radioimmunotherapy resulted in dose-dependent, transient weight loss and myelotoxicity. Survival was significantly better in the groups receiving targeted alpha therapy than in those receiving unlabeled mAbs. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the possibility of treating small, solid colon carcinoma tumors with alpha-emitting radionuclides such as 211At bound to mAbs, with tolerable toxicity.
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| 10. |
- Erlandsson, Susanna, 1970-
(författare)
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Window of opportunity : Dutch and Swedish security ideas and strategies 1942–1948
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The period treated in this thesis is one which is often characterized as a transition between World War II and the Cold War. By approaching it instead as a window of opportunity – a period in which the governments of small states perceived both an unusual space and an urgent need to reevaluate security – the security policies of two small northwestern European countries, the Netherlands and Sweden, are subjected to a critical reappraisal. Through a systematic comparison of the security ideas and strategies in two countries that ended up with different positions on alignment/non-alignment during the Cold War, this dissertation sheds new light on the reasons for the development of those security policies as well as on their significance. Not only does it uncover a number of concrete security strategies that were remarkably similar regardless of different circumstances, but it shows that the Swedish and Dutch governments formed similar ideas about the needs for future security in spite of different war experiences. Both concluded that small states could no longer survive in isolation and instead aimed for a better functioning system of collective security, built on the close cooperation of regional groups. This thesis argues that the different choices regarding security in 1948, when the Dutch signed the Treaty of Brussels and the Swedish reclaimed a policy of non-alignment, were in fact motivated by the same wish to maintain as wide a margin for manoeuvre as possible for the cooperation envisioned during the war, seeing this as the best guarantee of peace and independence.
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| 11. |
- Gustafsson, Jörgen, 1972-
(författare)
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Historielärobokens föreställningar : Påbjuden identifikation och genreförändring i den obligatoriska skolan 1870–2000
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis sets out to address the question: How is Swedish history put forward as expected identification in history textbooks for the years of compulsory schooling and how did this change during the period 1870-2000? This question is legitimate since the writing of history is a form of meaning-creation that is built through the merging of different components (place, time, actors, objectives, etc.) into a coherent narrative. The writing of history is therefore a form of power.The study include a quantitative total enquiry into all published history textbooks in Sweden between 1870-2000 aimed at compulsory schooling, as well as läroverk and gymnasium. In aim to map out and analyse the framing patterns displayed by the genre in order to answer questions about its characteristics and find out which have been the dominant history textbooks. These have formed basis for the qualitative investigation. The genre has its own clear inherent components such as images which are used over a very long time and found in book after book and publisher after publisher. The genre of history textbooks has an independence in relation to current research in academia and equally The only time there is a fundamental change is after the 1950s and then the whole school system had been recast, but after a while the greater part of the elements under study returned. The results of the thesis point to the consumer side as being what largely upholds the tradition of the genre.A clear change is the significantly increased female representation during the 1990s. When the female representation is portrayed, it is more connected to traditional female values such as family than ever before. I argue that this is a consequence of the gender system’s logic of separation. When there is more space given to female representation, it becomes increasingly important to mark the boundaries between the female and the male.
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| 12. |
- Hemström, Mats, 1956-
(författare)
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Marschen mot makten : Västra arméns revolt och väg till Stockholm 1809
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In March 1809, when Sweden was yet again at war, part of its Western Army staged a revolt against Gustav IV Adolf that spelled the end of royal absolutism. The thesis shows how, in a turbulent period in European history marked by revolution and the Napoleonic wars, an army of several thousand men could successfully revolt and march from their positions in the county of Värmland clean across their own country to Stockholm, where they instigated a change of regime.Even if war often offers a golden political opportunity for those who want overthrow a government, nothing is guaranteed. Resources, insight into the situation, and an ability to seize the moment dictate whether an action is embarked on. The thesis views events in 1809 as part of a political process, established in a collective action by an officers’ movement.A chronological analysis of the military revolt is structured with reference to a mobilisation process. The officers had to define a shared problem, agree on a solution, and decide which means to use. This consensus was then disseminated outside their immediate circle to persuade others to participate in the revolt, or at least to remain neutral. The participants were then mobilised for action. When the important issues around which the movement had mobilised were addressed, demobilisation followed. The mobilisation process is analysed thematically using three categories – organisation, identity, and communication – to demonstrate how the officers drew on their resources, how they viewed themselves, and how they communicated this to others.The King’s lack of legitimacy, combined with the officers’ initiative and their movement’s grasp of logistics, made possible both revolt and march. The war provided the political opportunity for a revolt; the mobilising structures to hand, in the form of communications and transport logistics, provided the means; and last but not least, the officer movement constructed an interpretative framework that defined both the country’s problems and the necessary solutions, and that was to prove itself well anchored in the prevailing political culture.
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| 13. |
- Henningsson, Börje
(författare)
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Det röda Dalarna : Socialdemokrater, anarkosyndikalister och kommunister inom Dalarnas Arbetarrörelse 1906-1937
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation investigates the internal struggles within the labour movement in Dalarna at the beginning of the twentieth century. I investigate Social Democracy, Anarcho-Syndicalism and Communism, the three major factions of the working class. I study the relationship between these organisations and their supporters in the complex socio-economic area of Dalarna.I have based my study on the three party programs and their answer to two central questions of the time: Will the conflicts of society lead to revolution? and How should politics and production be organised in the non capitalist society to come? Generally, anarcho-syndicalists argue that state power must be transformed to local government, social democrats hope to make different social interests compromise into political consensus. Communists want a proletarian state through social revolution. How were those ideologies received in Dalarna? In the beginning, anarchists fought social democrats: The opposition excluded from social democracy 1917 was also more influenced by anarchism than by communism. The opposition founded a party, witch towards the 1920´s turned from anarchism into communism, and the small farmers, that erlier had been attracted by the anarchist influenced rural propaganda, left and more industrial workers joined. Simultaneously, anarchists reorganised from a political party to a syndicalistic trade union, gradually mowing from the industrialised south to northern Dalarna. Communists, mainly left in the industrialised south, were shaken by two splits in the 1920´s and they lost their ability to compete with the social democrats in democratic elections. In Dalarna, social democrats, confronting anti-parliamentary anarchy and totalitarian communism alike, won the contest within the labour movement: At the end of the period, they dominated the area.
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| 14. |
- Hobbs, David, et al.
(författare)
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All-sky visible and near infrared space astrometry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Experimental Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 51:3, s. 783-843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The era of all-sky space astrometry began with the Hipparcos mission in 1989 and provided the first very accurate catalogue of apparent magnitudes, positions, parallaxes and proper motions of 120 000 bright stars at the milliarcsec (or milliarcsec per year) accuracy level. Hipparcos has now been superseded by the results of the Gaia mission. The second Gaia data release contained astrometric data for almost 1.7 billion sources with tens of microarcsec (or microarcsec per year) accuracy in a vast volume of the Milky Way and future data releases will further improve on this. Gaia has just completed its nominal 5-year mission (July 2019), but is expected to continue in operations for an extended period of an additional 5 years through to mid 2024. Its final catalogue to be released ∼ 2027, will provide astrometry for ∼ 2 billion sources, with astrometric precisions reaching 10 microarcsec. Why is accurate astrometry so important? The answer is that it provides fundamental data which underpin much of modern observational astronomy as will be detailed in this White Paper. All-sky visible and Near-InfraRed (NIR) astrometry with a wavelength cutoff in the K-band is not just focused on a single or small number of key science cases. Instead, it is extremely broad, answering key science questions in nearly every branch of astronomy while also providing a dense and accurate visible-NIR reference frame needed for future astronomy facilities.
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| 15. |
- Holmén, Janne
(författare)
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Den politiska läroboken : Bilden av USA och Sovjetunionen i norska, svenska och finländska läroböcker under Kalla kriget
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the Cold War, Norway was a member of NATO, Sweden was neutral but depended on Western support in the event of a crisis, while Finland's foreign policy priority was to win and retain the Soviet Union's confidence. The purpose of the thesis is to study whether the three small states' different foreign policy choices had consequences for the ways in which the Soviet Union and the USA were depicted in school textbooks for history, geography, and social sciences in the period 1930 to 2004. To this end, a theory derived from small states' strategies to maintain their independence was applied to textbook production.The study demonstrates that there was a link between small state foreign policy and textbooks' accounts of the USA and Soviet Union. Swedish and Norwegian textbooks portray international conflicts from a legalistic perspective, taking the part of small states exposed to superpower aggression such as Vietnam and Afghanistan. In Finnish textbooks, however, an interest in defending small state's rights yielded to the need to demonstrate their goodwill towards the Soviet Union, which was described in far less critical terms than in Swedish and Norwegian textbooks. In time, in the name of neutrality, depictions of the USA also became increasingly uncritical.All three Nordic states had government authorities charged with inspecting and approving school textbooks. Foreign policy's chief influence on textbooks was not effected by direct oversight, however; instead, it was established indirectly by means of the social climate, which determined what was considered politically correct in the three countries, and it was to this that the textbooks' authors adapted their work.Textbooks are often said to be conservative and slow to change, but the thesis shows that in parts they were politically sensitive, rapidly adapting to changes in what society held to be politically correct.
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| 16. |
- Lilja, Fredrik, 1980-
(författare)
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The Golden Fleece of the Cape : Capitalist expansion and labour relations in the periphery of transnational wool production, c. 1860–1950
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about the organisation, character and change of labour relations in expanding capitalist wool farming in the Cape between 1860 and 1950. It is an attempt to analyse labour in wool farming within a transnational framework, based on an expansion of capital from core to periphery of the capitalist world-economy.Wool farming in peripheries like the Cape was part of capitalist production through the link to primarily the British textile industry. This relationship enabled wool farmers to invest in their farms in sheep, fences and windmills. They thereby became agents of capital expansion in the world-economy, which was a prerequisite for a capitalist expansion. Although wool production in the Cape was initially an imperial division of labour, that relation changed during the twentieth century as Britain’s leading role as textile producer was challenged by other capitalist core countries. Capitalism as a transnational production system, based on commodity chains from periphery to core, became the most crucial structure for wool farmers in the Cape, who could increase their exports.The thesis also shows that the pre-capitalist generational division of labour among black peasants, through which farmers acquired labour, especially shepherds, was both discarded and intensified. Shepherding was intensified along with fencing during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century due to threat from jackals and lack of sufficient water supplies. Those farmers who invested in technology in the form of jackal-proof fences and windmills managed to change production from herding to rotational grazing in camps, which meant that shepherds were replaced by camp walkers, who controlled fences instead of sheep. Those farmers who did not invest were forced to exploit the pre-capitalist relations more intensively and hire shepherds in order to be able to produce and sell wool to textile manufacturers in capitalist core areas. As the young adult males disappeared from farms to the mines, the role of children and youths as shepherds became increasingly important. By the 1940s almost all the shepherds were children or youths, but they were about to be made redundant, as the number of shepherds decreased during the 1930s and 1940s.
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| 17. |
- Lindegren, Jan
(författare)
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Bröd som vapen : Karl XII och succariebrödet
- 2001
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Ingår i: Saga och sed: Kungliga Gustav Adolfs akademiens årsbok 2000. - 0586-5360. ; , s. 41-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Lindegren, Jan
(författare)
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Frauenland und Soldatenleben
- 1999
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Ingår i: Zwischen Alltag und Katastrophe: Der Dreissigjährige Krieg aus der Nähe. - : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Göttingen.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
- Lindegren, Jan
(författare)
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Les hommes, l'argent, les moyens
- 1998
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Ingår i: Guerre et concurrence entre les États européens du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle. - : Presses Universitaires de France.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
- Lindegren, Jan
(författare)
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Logistik under Stora nordiska kriget
- 2000
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift för Finland. - 0046-7596. ; 85, s. 505-513
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Lindegren, Jan
(författare)
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Med skorpan som vapen.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Forskning och Framsteg. - 0015-7937. ; :5, s. 48-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 30. |
- Lindegren, Jan
(författare)
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Men, money and means
- 2000
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Ingår i: War and competition between states. - 0198202148 ; , s. 347-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lindström, Jonas, 1977-
(författare)
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Distribution and Differences : Stratification and the System of Reproduction in a Swedish Peasant Community 1620-1820
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation examines the character, conditions and change of peasant stratification in early modern Sweden. Wherever and whenever one looks, one finds that resources were unevenly spread among peasant households. In the literature, there are different, and conflicting, views compatible with this finding. In order to explain its character, this study places peasant stratification into a broader system of resource reproduction. Resource holding, families, and individuals are studied over time.The study is based on an extended family reconstitution comprising the landholding peasants in the Mid-Swedish parish of Björskog between 1620 and 1820. Data has been compiled from cadastres, poll tax registers, parish registers, court records, and maps, and has then been related to the information on resource holding as given by tax lists and probate inventories.Six elements and three general principles are identified as fundamental to systems of resource reproduction among peasants. Starting from these, the book argues that the resource holding of a Swedish peasant household was relatively independent of family demography; that wealthy peasants were able to retain large surpluses even during the period of high rent pressure in the seventeenth century; that the reproduction of poorer peasant households was imperfect whereas the reproduction of wealthier households was extended; that wealthy peasants dominated the local community; that economic inequalities within the class of landed peasants did not increase during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; that land accumulation and cyclical mobility became important features of peasant society, but not until the decades around 1800: and that the peasant community was characterized by a large degree of geographical and downward social mobility.
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| 40. |
- Lučić, Iva, 1984-
(författare)
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Im Namen der Nation : Der politische Aufwertungsprozess der Muslime im sozialistischen Jugoslawien (1956–1971)
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study analyses the elevation of Muslims to the status of an official state nation of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina alongside Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Serbs. The focus is on the time period between 1956 and 1971 when Bosnia and Herzegovina was one of the six republics of Socialist Yugoslavia.The elevation of Muslims to the status of a state nation is viewed here as an open-ended mobilization process. Accordingly, one of the main aims of this study is to investigate the political opportunity structures, the political actors’ framing and the mobilization structures that eventually led to the political redefinition of Muslims within Bosnia and Herzegovina.Using internal documents of the League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina and League of Communists of Yugoslavia, especially the Ideological Commission, as well as the Commission for Interethnic Relations, the study investigates the political negotiation around and attempts to build a Yugoslav-wide political consensus within the League of Communists on the question of the political elevation of Muslims. As part of this investigation the League of Communists’ political vision in regard to national structure and inter-ethnic relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina is related to social practice at the local level, with a particular focus on popular identification patterns. As the study shows, broad sections of the population refused or resisted the party’s attempts to introduce national categories in political and social life. In addition, by analyzing public debates about Muslim identity, which were mainly performed by intellectuals, the study evaluates the role of intellectuals in Muslim nation-building and in the broader campaigns to encourage popular acceptance of a Muslim national category.The conclusions are that the political elevation of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina was a strategic choice of the League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina and served to affirm Bosnian statehood within the Yugoslav federation. The Bosnian political leadership tried to promote Bosnia and Herzegovina as a unique and multinational republic, whose political subjectivity was built around a tripartite national structure (Serbs, Croats and Muslims). This study contributes to a better understanding of when and how the fracturing of Yugoslavia along ethnic and religious lines actually occurred.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Löwengart, Mia
(författare)
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En samhällelig angelägenhet : Framväxten av en symfoniorkester och ett konserthus i Stockholm, cirka 1890–1926
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation studies the processes which lead to the creation of the necessary preconditions for establishing institutions of high culture in Stockholm, between 1890-1926.How and Why these specific processes resulted in Stockholm establishing a permanent symphony orchestra and a purpose-built concert hall are the primary objects of this study.My theoretical framework was shaped by Paul DiMaggio’s model for the creation of high culture. In this model DiMaggio identifies three concurrent but analytically distinct processes, which he argues must act in unison in order for institutions for high culture to be realized. Utilizing this model the main developments in Stockholm are sketched out, by the examination of four fields, the categories for the analysis:1) Music; 2) The performance, external conditions and venues; 3) Audiences; 4) Cultural entrepreneurship and institution-building.The primary sources used are principally concert reviews, concert programmes, and the records of board meetings and other primary materials in the archive of Konsertföreningen i Stockholm.This study shows that, around 1917, a distinction had been made between “art” and “entertainment” in Stockholm’s concert life and a symphony orchestra had been established capable of performing key works from the international standard repertoire. Public attitudes towards music had been ritualized, with musical education and an aesthetic perspective providing the rituals´ ideological basis. Symphony concerts’ audiences, regardless of their social composition, now followed the code of conduct specified in the concert programmes available.In this regard, Stockholm´s development was distinct from many other cities. For Stockholm to finally acquire a permanent symphony orchestra and a purpose-built concert hall, appreciation of serious (or classical) music had to evolve from being a matter of concern only for the bourgeoisie to becoming a matter of social urgency. In addition, a manifested desire to provide musical education to the lower-classes, alongside the on-going process of democratization, led the state to legitimate symphony music. In a spirit of understanding between politicians and the business elite concert institutions were established, and symphony concerts became accessible to a socially broader audience. Crucially, these factors coincided with both prosperous times and a supportive social climate.
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| 43. |
- Malmström, Joakim, 1978-
(författare)
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Herrskapen och den lokala politiken : Eds socken, ca 1650–1900
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the local gentry (herrskapen) in a rural parish, just north of the Swedish capital of Stockholm, in the years 1650–1900. During this period, Sweden was transformed from a traditional agrarian society into an industrial state. The aim of the study is to analyse how the composition of the local gentry changed, as new groups emerged in society, and how the politics and policies of the gentry changed during this period.Undeniably, the gentry were powerful in the local community. In the thesis I investigate how, when and for what purposes that power was wielded. The gentry’s activities on two public arenas in the parish; the church and the parish assemblies (sockenstämman and, after 1862, kommunalstämman and kyrkostämman) are studied. These arenas existed during the entire period and were of outmost importance to the local community.Research regarding the actions of the local gentry in Sweden has been scarce. Most studies have focused on the politics of the peasants, dealing with the gentry only when they interfered with the interests of the peasants. Therefore, this coherent study of 250 years of local politics, from the perspective of the local gentry, gives important information and new insights into the transformation of society on a local level. The study charts in detail how the old patriarchal gentry, drawn from the leading aristocratic families of Sweden, gradually were replaced by a new gentry of agrarian capitalists, who transformed the local estates into commercial agricultural enterprises. The new gentry also employed new ways of conducting politics in the local community.
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| 44. |
- Olofsson, Sven, 1967-
(författare)
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Till ömsesidig nytta : Entreprenörer, framgång och sociala relationer i centrala Jämtland ca. 1810-1850
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to analyse the mutual impact which social relations and entrepreneurship had in relation to the success of four actors in a rural area in northern Sweden at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Many Swedish scholars have studied the process of social differentiation, before the industrial revolution. However, we still know very little about the forces behind this process, why some peasant households became more successful than others, especially during the first half of the nineteenth century when the economic differences were increasing. To grasp this process, the notion of social position has been used as a tool to grade the population on a scale from low- to high-ranked households in an economic and political sense.The fact that households were more or less successful turns our attention to the ability among individuals and households to change their social position. A theoretical concept chosen to investigate such change is the notion of entrepreneur, which implies a focus on the actor working for personal profit in a changing economic world.The main question has been how important social relations connected to entrepreneurship are in order to promote success among peasant households in the pre-industrial society. The empirical investigation has been conducted on two different levels. The first level is a structural study analysing the physical landscape of the court district of Rödön, the economic stratification and the political activity of the population in the area and, finally, their economic behaviours as peasants and rural businessmen. The second is a qualitative study emphasising on four individual actors: the businessman Per Wikström in the town of Östersund and three of the most successful peasant households in the region.The four case studies reveal that the rural elite had a pragmatic and dynamic approach to choosing social relations outside the family. Many acquaintances grew persistent and embedded in family or kinship relations, whereas others were short-lived or sacrificed for a calculated economic gain.
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| 45. |
- Sundin, Anders, 1975-
(författare)
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1809 : Statskuppen och regeringsformens tillkomst som tolkningsprocess
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation analyses the coup d’état and the instrument of government of 1809 as an interpretative framing process. By close examination primarily of official sources it focuses on how political actors utilized the components of the existing political culture in order to legitimise their actions. The results show that the regime transition of 1809 was a contingent process. Actors competed to define concepts such as “citizen”, “patriotism” and “public opinion” in order to legitimise different political claims. This process served to strengthen the role played by the concept of public opinion as a source of authority in the language of politics.The dissertation also addresses how the regime transition of 1809 relates to the historical epoch known as the Age of Revolution. Experiences from the French Revolution in particular were crucial to the debate on the prospects for constitutional change in Sweden. The study shows that the constitutional committee took a reformist stance based on the concepts of civic virtue and enlightenment, thereby rejecting demands for an enhanced national representation. Instead they argued for gradual constitutional change and believed that the constitution should serve as an instrument to educate the public in the virtues of citizenship.Grounded in the so-called "cultural turn" taken by studies of politics in recent decades, the analysis has borrowed from studies of social movements the concepts of interpretative framing. In analyzing differences and oppositions between various interpretative frames, concepts from discourse analysis has been used, particularly those that emphasize discourse contingency. Extra-discursive conditions in the process of interpretation have been analyzed by means of the concept of possibility structures. This has chiefly involved taking into consideration the degree of repression and actors' differing access to what Bourdieu has termed "institutional authority".
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| 46. |
- Thisner, Fredrik, 1973-
(författare)
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Militärstatens arvegods : Officerstjänstens socialreproduktiva funktion i Sverige och Danmark, ca 1720-1800
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new type of state emerged in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Such states, used the bulk of tax revenues for warfare or preparations for war, with Sweden and Denmark being particularly heavily armed. Officers and officials stood at the center of this system. Beginning in the mid-eighteenth century, however, European economies were gradually transformed into a capitalist social order. A starting point for the present discussion is that this economic dynamic affected the manner in which this redistribution system functioned and thus the social conditions for the officials.The question addressed in this dissertation concerns how the role of officers functioned as a means for securing a position within the upper strata in Sweden and Denmark-Norway during the period 1720–1800.One central meaning of officer service was the transfer of hierarchical positions between generations, whereby the officer corps could socially assert themselves through their military ranks. Rank mirrored the conditions of wealth, and the order of ranks was an expression of officers' positions within a well-to-do social group. These positions could lead to advantageous marriages that transferred economic resources through, for example, dowries. Military units stationed in the countryside were usually composed of a number of locally influential families.The economic significance of military service initially complemented income from landed property. But the price of an officer's position increased in Sweden during the second half of the century, with ever greater private wealth being needed to pursue a military career. Consequently, the economic advantages of officer service steadily diminished. Rather than describe military service as a profession, the metaphor of a neighborhood gentlemen's club better expresses the social logic that came to characterize the officer corps.
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| 47. |
- van Leeuwen, F., et al.
(författare)
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Gaia Data Release 1 : Open cluster astrometry: Performance, limitations, and future prospects
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 601
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The first Gaia Data Release contains the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). This is a subset of about 2 million stars for which, besides the position and photometry, the proper motion and parallax are calculated using Hipparcos and Tycho-2 positions in 1991.25 as prior information. Aims. We investigate the scientific potential and limitations of the TGAS component by means of the astrometric data for open clusters. Methods. Mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are derived taking into account the error correlations within the astrometric solutions for individual stars, an estimate of the internal velocity dispersion in the cluster, and, where relevant, the effects of the depth of the cluster along the line of sight. Internal consistency of the TGAS data is assessed. Results. Values given for standard uncertainties are still inaccurate and may lead to unrealistic unit-weight standard deviations of least squares solutions for cluster parameters. Reconstructed mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are generally in very good agreement with earlier Hipparcos-based determination, although the Gaia mean parallax for the Pleiades is a significant exception. We have no current explanation for that discrepancy. Most clusters are observed to extend to nearly 15 pc from the cluster centre, and it will be up to future Gaia releases to establish whether those potential cluster-member stars are still dynamically bound to the clusters. Conclusions. The Gaia DR1 provides the means to examine open clusters far beyond their more easily visible cores, and can provide membership assessments based on proper motions and parallaxes. A combined HR diagram shows the same features as observed before using the Hipparcos data, with clearly increased luminosities for older A and F dwarfs.
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| 48. |
- Westberg, Johannes, 1978-
(författare)
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Förskolepedagogikens framväxt : Pedagogisk förändring och dess förutsättningar, ca 1835-1945
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation contributes to the study of educational change and the conditions thereof. During the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, Swedish early care and education (ECE) programs underwent a comprehensive transformation as formal instruction was supplanted by early childhood education. My analysis of this transformation utilizes a comparatively long time-frame, an organizational historical perspective, and archival material from 44 ECE societies. It focuses on three types of ECE programs: infant schools, day nurseries, and kindergartens. Since philanthropic societies organized such programs, this study’s results are also of interest to the history of philanthropy.Early childhood education was established through a selection and adaptation process in which existing ECE programs were closed or changed as new ones were established. My investigation demonstrates that this occurred on the basis of the conditions in which individual ECE programs operated. Factors that stand out in this regard are the debate concerning infant schools, the funding of ECE programs, and the expansion of the mandatory elementary education system, together with changes in the dissemination of ideas about education and the establishment of municipal regulations. How these conditions contributed to educational change constitutes the substance of the dissertation.The results of this dissertation deepen our knowledge of the finances of ECE programs, their organizational niche, and their relations with municipal authorities. This study questions the significance for educational change within these programs that has been attributed to the growth of a romantic conception of childhood. It provides a new picture of the role of the kindergarten movement in this regard and ascribes to day nurseries a previously unobserved role in educational change. This dissertation thereby contributes to a revision of recurrent assumptions concerning educational change and of the connection between such change and general societal or ideological structures.
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| 49. |
- Winberg, Ola, 1971-
(författare)
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Den statskloka resan : Adelns peregrinationer 1610–1680
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with foreign travel undertaken by the Swedish nobility during the 17th century. The first part contains a close examination of Swedish university orationes on the importance of foreign travel. The focal point of these speeches is prudentia, ‘prudence’, ‘practical judgement’, ‘discretion’, which is considered to be indispensably necessary for statesmen, and preferably acquired by traveling abroad.The second part of the thesis deals with traveling in practice. Journals, letters and accounts are scrutinized in order to map where the travellers went, and how much time and money they spent in various places and on different activities. The results show that the more or less compulsory studies at Dutch and German universities were combined with exercitia, i. e. physical exercises, most prominently dancing, fencing and riding. From the 1620s France became more important, and also, from the 1640s, Italy. As their British, Danish, Dutch and German peers, the Swedish noblemen after their sojourn in Paris visited the Loire valley and also made Il giro d’Italia. The growing importance of Paris became evident from the middle of the century: Although it proved extremely expensive, the noblemen spent as much time as possible in the French capital, which was by now compendium orbis, the place where everything desirable in the world was to be found, where exercitia of the best kind flourished and where exquisite manners could be acquired.The third part of the thesis studies how the travellers acted when they arrived at home. A study relating to the 1660s demonstrates that a returning grand tourist had to spend a considerable amount of money on conspicuous consumption to reinstate himself in the society and position himself as a liable state servant and marriage partner.A general result of the thesis is that traveling undertaken by the nobility formed a part of the 17th century state building process and that it was used as a means of competition both within the nobility and between the nobility and the rapidly growing class of bourgeois civil servants.
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| 50. |
- Winton, Patrik, 1974-
(författare)
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Frihetstidens politiska praktik : Nätverk och offentlighet 1746–1766
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation deals with the organization of political practice in Sweden 1746–1766. It focuses on the clergy and how they mobilized political activities before and during the meetings of the Diet. Previous research has described the period as being dominated by a party system where two political organizations, hats and caps, struggled to control the parliamentary system. In this dissertation two different theoretical perspectives, commonly used in the study of British politics in the eighteenth century, are utilized: social exchange and public opinion.During the 1740s and 1750s, the bishops dominated the estate of the clergy. They used their social networks, which included kinship, friendship and patron-client ties, to influence both the diocese in which they served and national politics. Political activities were an integral part of the networks’ exchanges. Politics was a way to maintain social ties and to display personal loyalty. The norms of sociability guided political convocation.Politics changed in the latter part of the 1750s due to Sweden’s participation in the Seven Years’ War. The economic problems following the conflict led to political dissatisfaction. A number of vicars played an important role in articulating political critique against the existing order. They demanded equal political rights and major changes to the distribution of state resources. Mobilization was based on the content of important political issues rather than patronage and the perpetuation of existing social ties. Consequently, public opinion and the distribution of pamphlets and newspapers had great political importance. These results lead to a new understanding of how politics functioned and changed in Sweden during the eighteenth century.
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