| 1. |
- Appelros, P, et al.
(författare)
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Lacunar infarcts: functional and cognitive outcomes at five years in relation to MRI findings
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 20:1, s. 34-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> There are few long-term follow-up studies of patients with lacunar infarcts (LIs). The purpose of this 5-year follow-up study was to assess functional and cognitive outcome in relation to MRI findings. <i>Methods:</i> 81 patients with a first-ever LI were followed for 5 years with respect to mortality, stroke recurrence, functional and cognitive outcome. T<sub>2</sub>-weighted MRI was performed at baseline and at 5 years. The presence of basal ganglia lesions and white matter lesions was scored according to the European Task Force rating scale. Functional outcome was assessed with the Oxford Handicap Scale (OHP). Cognition was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). <i>Results:</i> The 5-year mortality was 19%. Predictors for death were age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.11), ischemic heart disease (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.1) and impairment score (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.32). 30% of the patients had a recurrent stroke. Predictors for recurrent stroke were diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–7.4) and amount of white matter lesions (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.7). 36% of the patients were functionally dependent (defined as OHP >2). Predictors for functional dependency were impairment score (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.12–2.59), MMSE (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.91) and stroke recurrence (OR = 84, 95% CI 9.4–745). 16% of the patients had cognitive impairment (defined as MMSE <24). Stroke recurrence and white matter score, but not basal ganglia score, were correlated to cognitive impairment. <i>Conclusions:</i> Many LI patients have a good functional outcome at 5 years. For older patients, for patients with an initial severe stroke, and with additional vascular risk factors, however, the prognosis is more severe, with an increased risk for mortality, stroke recurrence, and physical and cognitive decline.
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| 2. |
- Asif, Sana, M.D, PhD student, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of an MPC polymer coating to attenuate surface- induced cross-talk between the complement and coagulation systems in whole blood in in vitro and in vivo models
- 2019
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Ingår i: Macromolecular Bioscience. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1616-5187 .- 1616-5195. ; 19:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial surfaces that come into contact with blood induce an immediate activation of the cascade systems of the blood, leading to a thrombotic and/or inflammatory response that can eventually cause damage to the biomaterial or the patient, or to both. Heparin coating has been used to improve hemocompatibility, and another approach is 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-based polymer coatings. Here, the aim is to evaluate the hemocompatibility of MPC polymer coating by studying the interactions with coagulation and complement systems using human blood in vitro model and pig in vivo model. The stability of the coatings is investigated in vitro and MPC polymer-coated catheters are tested in vivo by insertion into the external jugular vein of pigs to monitor the catheters' antithrombotic properties. There is no significant activation of platelets or of the coagulation and complement systems in the MPC polymer-coated one, which was superior in hemocompatibility to non-coated matrix surfaces. The protective effect of the MPC polymer coat does not decline after incubation in human plasma for up to 2 weeks. With MPC polymer-coated catheters, it is possible to easily draw blood from pig for 4 days in contrast to the case for non-coated catheters, in which substantial clotting is seen.
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| 3. |
- Asif, Sana, M.D, PhD student, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of an MPC polymer coating to reduce surface-induced cascade system activation in whole blood in in vitroand in vivo models
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ABSTRACTBackground: Artificial surfaces that come into contact with blood (e.g., when used in various forms of biomedical device) induce an immediate activation of the cascade systems of the blood, the coagulation and complement systems. These reactions may lead to a thrombotic and/or inflammatory response that can eventually cause damage to the biomaterial or the patient, or to both. Multiple strategies to dampen these reactions have been employed, with heparin conjugation to the material surface being the most successfulthus far. Another approach to improving hemocompatibility is to use 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-based polymer coatings.Experimental: In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of MPC polymer coating and compared it to a commercially available heparin coating in various in vitromodels using fresh human blood with the aim to replace the costly heparin-coated equipment with the more economic MPC. We then investigated the stability of the various coatings in human plasma in vitrofor 2 weeks. Finally, we inserted MPC polymer-coated catheters into the external jugular vein of pigs and monitored the catheters’ antithrombotic properties for 4 days.Results: 1) There was no significant activation of platelets and of the coagulation and complement systems on the MPC polymer-coated or the commercially available heparin surface. 2) Both coats were superior in hemocompatibility to non-coated matrix surfaces. 3) The protective effect of the MPC polymer coat did not decline after incubation in plasma for up to 2 weeks. 4) With MPC polymer-coated catheters, it was possible to easily draw blood from experimental animals for 4 days, in contrast to the case for heparin-flushed commercially available non-coated catheters, in which substantial clotting was seen.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ekholm, S, et al.
(författare)
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Tolerance and efficacy of Omniscan (gadodiamide injection) in MR imaging of the central nervous system
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455. ; 37:2, s. 223-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This Swedish multicenter trial was performed on patients with known or suspected lesions of the CNS for which an MR examination using a contrast medium was indicated. A total of 8 MR centers participated in the study to establish the safety and efficacy of Omniscan (gadodiamide injection) in clinical routine using a standard dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg b.w. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven hundred adult patients who had been referred for MR investigation of suspected CNS lesions were included in the study. Since most patients were examined on an outpatient basis, it was decided to use an explicit questionnaire regarding adverse events that developed within 24 h after examination. The efficacy evaluation involved comparisons of detectability, delineation, and number of lesions before and after injection of Omniscan. RESULTS: No serious or unexpected adverse event was found. There were a total of 70 (10.2%) patients with adverse events, excluding those judged not to be contrast media-related. However, only 15 patients (2.2%) had adverse events that possibly or probably were related to the contrast medium. Usually, the symptoms were headache, dizziness, abnormal taste, and nausea. Two patients complained of itching, but only one developed urticaria. The efficacy was similar to that of other currently used Gd-based MR agents. Lesions were more often seen on T2-weighted images, but the contrast medium improved lesion delineation, contributing to higher certainty in diagnosis, and provided more confidence in excluding suspected abnormality. CONCLUSION: Omniscan was found to be a safe and clinically valuable contrast medium for MR imaging of the CNS.
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| 6. |
- Heikkila, I., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison Between Microstructures, Deformation Mechanisms and Micromechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Consolidated by Laser Melting
- 2018
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Ingår i: La Metallurgia Italiana. - 0026-0843. ; :3, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A powder bed fusion laser technique (PBF-LS) was used to fabricate 316L stainless steel specimens for characterization of microstructures and micromechanical properties under uniaxial loading in-situ in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Correlations between the microstructure, deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the morphology of the microstructure is very different when the sample building orientation was altered. In tensile test specimens that were machined from horizontally oriented rectangular beams, smaller grains and a more deformed microstructure were observed. Under uniaxial loading the yield strength and initial work hardening rate was highest in the horizontally built specimens. The uniform and total elongation was better for tensile test samples that were machined from vertically built rectangular specimens. Slip and twinning were the dominant deformation mechanisms with correlation to the observed texture. The observed anisotropic mechanical behavior can be explained by the differences in the distribution of deformed and sub-structured microstructures along the strain path.
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| 7. |
- Holländer Pettersson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of Chromium Nitride and Intragranular Austenite in a Super Duplex Stainless Steel
- 2019
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 50:12, s. 5594-5601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precipitation of chromium nitrides and formation of intragranular austenite were studied in detail for the super duplex stainless steel grade 2507 (UNS S32750). The situation of multipass welding was simulated by heat treatment at 1623 K (1350 degrees C) and quenching followed by short heat treatments at 1173 K (900 degrees C). The microstructural evolution was characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter, and transmission Kikuchi diffraction, and it was observed that the interior of the ferrite grains contained chromium nitrides after quenching. The nitrides were predominantly of CrN with a cubic halite-type structure and clusters of CrN-Cr2N where rod-shaped trigonal Cr2N particles had nucleated on plates of CrN. After heat treatment for 10 seconds at 1173 K (900 degrees C), the nitride morphology was transformed into predominantly rod-shaped Cr2N, and finely dispersed intragranular secondary austenite idiomorphs had formed in the nitride-containing areas within the ferrite grains. After 60 seconds of heat treatment, both the Cr2N nitrides and the secondary austenite were coarsened. Analysis of electron diffraction data revealed an inherited crystallographic relationship between the metastable CrN and the intragranular austenite. The mechanism of chromium nitride formation and its relation to secondary austenite formation in duplex stainless steels are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Hutchinson, B., et al.
(författare)
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Microstructures and hardness of as-quenched martensites (0.1-0.5%C)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 59:14, s. 5845-5858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four commercial steels with carbon contents in the range 0.1-0.5 wt.% have been examined in the as-quenched condition using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and atom probe tomography. The austenite had been deformed 0%, 10% and 30% prior to brine quenching. No influence of this deformation was evident on the martensite hardness or in any of the microstructure measurements. Increasing carbon content showed a well-known marked effect on the hardness but resulted in little refinement in the grain structure of the martensite. All crystal structures were cubic; no evidence of tetragonality was seen even at the highest carbon level but some systematic changes in grain boundary misorientations existed. The content of carbon in true interstitial solid solution deduced from X-ray line shifts was small (similar to 0.02 wt.%), and was independent of the total carbon content in the steel. Atom probe tomography showed that carbon was almost completely segregated to lath boundaries and dislocations but with an increasing density of segregates in the higher carbon steels. Calculations of diffusion distances confirmed that the segregation patterns were compatible with autotempering of the martensite during quenching. Analysis of different possible contributions to strength leads to the conclusion that segregated carbon atoms at defects behave similarly to carbon in true solid solution and that this is the largest single factor controlling the strength of as-quenched martensite. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Laschke, Mattias W, et al.
(författare)
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Sepsis-associated cholestasis is critically dependent on P-selectin-dependent leukocyte recruitment in mice.
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1547 .- 0193-1857. ; 292, s. 1396-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cholestasis is a major complication in sepsis although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of P-selectin and leukocyte recruitment in endotoxemia- associated cholestasis. C57BL/6 mice were challenged intraperitoneally with endotoxin ( 0.4 mg/ kg), and 6 h later the common bile duct was cannulated for determination of bile flow and biliary excretion of bromosulfophthalein. Mice were pretreated with an anti-P-selectin antibody or an isotype- matched control antibody. Leukocyte infiltration was determined by measuring hepatic levels of myeloperoxidase. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and CXC chemokines in the liver was determined by ELISA. Liver damage was monitored by measuring serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Apoptosis was quantified morphologically by nuclear condensation and fragmentation using Hoechst 33342 staining. Endotoxin induced a significant inflammatory response with increased TNF-alpha and CXC chemokine concentrations, leukocyte infiltration, liver enzyme release, and apoptotic cell death. This response was associated with pronounced cholestasis indicated by a > 70% decrease of bile flow and biliary excretion of bromosulfophthalein. Immunoneutralization of P-selectin significantly attenuated endotoxin- induced leukocyte infiltration reflected by a > 60% reduction of hepatic myeloperoxidase levels. Interference with P-selectin decreased endotoxin- mediated hepatocellular apoptosis and necrosis, but did not affect hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and CXC chemokines. Of interest, inhibition of P- selectin restored bile flow and biliary excretion of bromosulfophthalein to normal levels in endotoxin- challenged animals. Our study demonstrates for the first time that P-selectin-mediated recruitment of leukocytes, but not the local production of proinflammatory mediators, is the primary cause of cholestasis in septic liver injury.
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| 10. |
- Li, D-Q, et al.
(författare)
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Transitional flow on model propellers and their influence on relative rotative efficiency
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-1312. ; 7:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unexpected low value of the relative rotative efficiency ηR is sometimes noted when scaling the towing tank model-test result with the ITTC-78 method to obtain the propulsive efficiency factors of propellers. The paper explains the causes of this phenomenon. The boundary layer state of three propellers was studied by a paint test and a RANS method. The paint tests showed that the propellers in behind conditions at low Reynolds number (Rn) are covered mainly with laminar flow, which is different from open water tests conducted at a high Rn. Apart from that a moderate difference in Rn between the open water and the self-propulsion test may lead to a low ηR value, the paper points out that flow separation in behind conditions could be another significant reason for the drop of ηR for some propellers. Therefore, two factors will lead to an unexpected decrease of ηR: (1) A slightly lower open water torque interpolated from an open water test carried out at a high Rn and (2) a slightly higher torque in a self-propulsion test due to laminar flow separation near the trailing edge. The phenomenon is caused by the Rn scaled effect and closely associated with design philosophy like the blade section profile, the chord length, and chordwise load distribution.
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| 11. |
- Lindblom, Terje, Ph.D., et al.
(författare)
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Digitalizing the journalistic field : Journalists' views on changes in journalistic autonomy, capital and habitus
- 2022
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Ingår i: Digital Journalism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2167-0811 .- 2167-082X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bourdieu-inspired journalism scholarship, and journalism studies at large, could benefit from an approach that can holistically explain how journalists make sense of technology-related change in the journalistic field. By merging key insights from field theory with philosophy of technology, and by analyzing 40 qualitative interviews with agents across a wide range of positions in the Swedish journalistic field, we uncover how journalists view technological change in relation to the field's autonomy, capitals and habitus. At the macro-level, the analysis shows how technology is constructed in the journalistic field at large, indicating a digital heteronomy. At the meso-level, findings indicate that positions become rearranged when new skills such as metrics and engagement management become collectively recognized as capital. Field-specific, journalistic, capital is supplemented with a virality capital. At the micro-level, we unravel an emerging journalistic habitus formed in relation to structural transformations in the field – the feel for engagement.
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| 12. |
- Långberg, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Native Oxide and Passive Film on Austenite/Ferrite Phases of Duplex Stainless Steel Using Synchrotron HAXPEEM
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 166:11, s. C3336-C3340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new measurement protocol was used for microscopic chemical analysis of surface oxide films with lateral resolution of 1 mu m. The native air-formed oxide and an anodic passive film on austenite and ferrite phases of a 25Cr-7Ni super duplex stainless steel were investigated using synchrotron hard X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (HAXPEEM). Pre-deposited Pt-markers, in combination with electron backscattering diffraction mapping (EBSD), allowed analysis of the native oxide on individual grains of the two phases and the passive film formed on the same area after electrochemical polarization of the sample. The results showed a certain difference in the composition of the surface films between the two phases. For the grains with (001) crystallographic face // sample surface, the native oxide film on the ferrite contained more Cr oxide than the austenite. Anodic polarization up to 1000 mV/(Ag/AgCl) in 1M NaCl solution at room temperature resulted in a growth of the Cr- and Fe-oxides, diminish of Cr-hydroxide, and an increased proportion of Fe3+ species. by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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| 13. |
- Långberg, Marie, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral variation of the native passive film on super duplex stainless steel resolved by synchrotron hard X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - Stockholm, : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A native passive film on 25Cr-7Ni super duplex stainless steel was analyzed using synchrotron hard X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, focusing on variations between individual grains of ferrite and austenite phases. The film consists of an oxide inner layer and an oxyhydroxide outer layer, in total 2.3 nm thick. The Cr content is higher in the outer than the inner layer, ca. 80 % on average. The Cr content is higher on ferrite than austenite, whereas the thickness is rather uniform. The grain orientation has a small but detectable influence, ferrite (111) grains have a lower Cr content than other ferrite grains.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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