| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Sonia, et al.
(författare)
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Uneven distribution of human papillomavirus 16111 cervical carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma in older females : A retrospective database study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Oncology Letters. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1792-1074 .- 1792-1082. ; 8:4, s. 1528-1532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 is the dominant cofactor in cervical cancer development. The present report investigated the age-specific prevalence of HPV16 in cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS) in females attending organised cervical cancer screening. A retrospective observational study was performed based on individual data from two databases. A total of 162 females aged between 20 and 65 years from Uppsala County, Sweden with CIS and an HPV test conducted between 2010 and 2011, preceding or concomitant to CIS diagnosis, were included. Females with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n=35) were used for comparison. In total, 96% (n=156) of females with CIS were positive for high-risk HPV; HPV16 was the most prevalent (44.5%), followed by HPV33/52/58 (19.5%), HPV31 (13.1%) and HPV18145 (9.5%). HPV16 was most frequently detected in females with CIS aged between 20 and 29 years (73.6%) and least frequently detected in those aged between 50 and 65 years (33.3%), with a statistically significant age-specific difference (P=0.001). Among the HPV16-positive females, multiple infections were most frequent in the younger age groups. The prevalence of HPV16 in females with CIS decreased with age, whereas a high prevalence of HPV16 remained in females with SCC. These results may indicate that HPV16 has increased oncogenic potential in older females.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bertenstam, J, et al.
(författare)
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THE WAXHOLM APPLICATION DATABASE
- 1995
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an application database collected in Wizard-of-Oz experiments in a spoken dialogue system, WAXHOLM. The system provides information on boat traffic in the Stockholm archipelago. The database consists of utterance-length speech files, their corressonding transcriptions, and log files of the dialogue sessions. In addition to the spontaneous dialogue speech, the material also comprise recordings of phonetically balanced reference sentences uttered by all 66 subjects. In the paper the recording procedure is described as well as some characteristics of the speech data and the dialogue.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Blomberg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental dialog system: WAXHOLM
- 1993
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently we have begun to build the basic tools for a generic speech-dialogue system, WAXHOLM. The main modules, their function and internal communication have been specified. The different components are connected through a computer network. A preliminary version of the system has been tested, using simplified versions of the modules. We will give a general overview of the system and describe some of the components in more detail. Application specific data are collected with the help of Wizard-of-Oz techniques. The dialogue system is used during the data collection and the wizard only replaces the speechrecognition module.
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| 9. |
- Blomberg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Speech recognition based on a text-to-speech synthesis system
- 1987
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major problem in large-vocabulary speech recognition is the collection of reference data and speaker normalization. In this paper we propose the use of synthetic speech as a means of handling this problem. An experimental scheme for such a system will be described.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Davis, Robert J, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of energy level alignment at interfaces of hybrid and organic solar cells under ambient environment
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 0959-9428. ; 21:6, s. 1721-1729
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Device function in organic electronics is critically governed by the transport of charge across interfaces of dissimilar materials. Accurate measurements of energy level positions in organic electronic devices are therefore necessary for assessing the viability of new materials and optimizing device performance. In contrast to established methods that are used in solution or vacuum environments, here we combine Kelvin probe measurements performed in ambient environments to obtain work function values with photoelectron spectroscopy in air to obtain ionization potential, so that a complete energy level diagram for organic semiconductors can be determined. We apply this new approach to study commonly used electron donor and acceptor materials in organic photovoltaics (OPV), including poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and ZnO, as well as examine new materials. Band alignments across the entire OPV devices are constructed and compared with actual device performance. The ability to determine interfacial electronic properties in the devices enables us to answer the outstanding question: why previous attempts to make OPV devices using 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) (TIPS)-pentacene as the electron donor were not successful.
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| 12. |
- Gadisa, Abay, et al.
(författare)
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Transparent polymer cathode for organic photovoltaic devices
- 2006
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Ingår i: Synthetic metals. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-6779 .- 1879-3290. ; 156:16-17, s. 1102-1107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a prototype solar cell with a transparent polymer cathode, and indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) anode. As an active layer, thin film of a bulk heterojunction of polyfluorene copolymer poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2thienyl-2′,1′3′-benzothiadiazole)] (APFO-3) and an electron acceptor molecule [6] and [6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (1:4 wt.) was sandwiched between the two transparent polymer electrodes. The cathode is another form of PEDOT formed by vapor phase polymerised PEDOT (VPP PEDOT) of conductivity 102–103 S/cm. The cathode is supported on an elastomeric substrate, and forms a conformal contact to the APFO-3/PCBM blend. Transparent solar cells are useful for building multilayer and tandem solar cells.
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| 13. |
- Gadisa, Abay, et al.
(författare)
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Transparent polymer cathode for organic photovoltaic devices
- 2006
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Ingår i: Synthetic Metals. ; 156:16-17, s. 1102-1107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prototype solar cell with a transparent polymer cathode and an ITO/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) anode was fabricated. As an active layer, a thin film of a bulk heterojunction of polyfluorene copolymer, poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (APFO-3) and an electron acceptor mol. [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid Me ester (PCBM) (1:4 by wt.) was sandwiched between the 2 transparent polymer electrodes. The cathode is another form of PEDOT formed by vapor phase polymd. PEDOT (VPP PEDOT) with a cond. 102-103 S/cm. The cathode is supported on an elastomeric substrate and forms a conformal contact to the APFO-3/PCBM blend. Transparent solar cells are useful for building multilayer and tandem solar cells. [on SciFinder (R)]
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Jakobsson, Fredrik L. E., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards all-plastic flexible light emitting diodes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 433:1-3, s. 110-114
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All-plastic light emitting diodes require the design and fabrication of low work function plastic electrodes. Here, we show that the work function of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT-PSS) can be decreased from 4.8 eV to 3.9 eV by surface reaction with the strong electron-donor tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE). The surface modification was characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy. The low work function plastic electrode was used in a first prototype for all-plastic light emitting diodes.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Johansson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Qualified Vocational Education beyond 2000 - a report from a pilot project in Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Vocational Training Journal. - 0378-5068. ; :21, s. 7-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new form of qualified vocational education (QVE) was introduced as a pilot project in Sweden. QVE is a ew form of post-secondary education, long equested by industry. In QVE, onethird of instructional time is advanced pplication of theoretical knowledge at a workplace. This article reports on the evaluation of the pilot project and suggests that QVE has been successful. It goes on to discuss four options for continuing QVE in Sweden - but the choice belongs to the political process.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Lindell, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of forest slash and burn on the distribution of trace elements in floodplain sediments and mountain soils of the Subandean Amazon, Peru
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Geochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-2927 .- 1872-9134. ; 25:8, s. 1097-1106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest clearing through slash and burn to open up agricultural land is an ongoing process in large parts of the Amazon Basin. This activity severely affects the structure and balance of the natural ecosystem, and also has the potential to cause substantial changes in landscape geochemistry. The latter is the topic of this study, with special attention on translocation of potentially toxic trace elements from deforested areas to downstream aquatic and terrestrial systems. Sampling of floodplain sediments and mountain soils (Inceptisols on redbed lithologies) was carried out in two adjacent Subandean river basins, with deforestation extents of ca. 1/3 and 2/3 of the basin areas. Several 'toxic and potentially toxic metals (e.g., Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Ni) and other major and minor elements showed concentration peaks at certain depths in the alluvial deposits of both basins. These peaks were associated with organic matter, and occurred just below layers of combustion residues originating from burning of in situ biomass. Downward migration of particles originating in the combustion residues is suggested to be the direct mechanisms of the metal enrichments. Further evidence of an in situ origin of the metal peaks in the sediments was provided by the geochemical composition of soils located upstream of the floodplains. Disturbed soils (i.e. soils of pasture, coffee plantations, secondary forest and recently swidden fields) were found to be similar to soils under natural forest. Moreover, trace element concentrations in floodplain deposits were similar in the two drainage basins despite the large difference in exploitation degree. Thus, no evidence was found of large scale (basin-wide) increases in trace-metal leaching or translocation as a result of the extensive deforestation and agricultural land-use that has been practiced in the Amazonian highland jungle over more than 100 a.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Lindell, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Energy level alignment at metal-organic and organic-organic interfaces with Alq3 and NTCDA
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The energy level alignment behavior of the widely used materials tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) is investigated. The Integer Charge Transfer (ICT) model is successfully used to predict their overall behavior at weakly-interacting hybridorganic and organic-organic interfaces, including NTCDA/Alq3 bilayers. The EICT- of NTCDA is measured to be 4.35 eV and the EICT+ of Alq3 is found to be 4.3 eV. The Alq3 films furthermore feature an interface dipole in absence of charge transfer due to the intrinsic dipole of the molecule and ordering effects.
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| 25. |
- Lindell, Lina, 1977-
(författare)
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Environmental Effects of Agricultural Expansion in the Upper Amazon : A study of river basin geochemistry and hydrochemistry, and farmers' perceptions
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis natural science is combined with environmental psychology in order to determine how deforestation and subsequent agricultural expansion in the Peruvian highland jungle has affected the natural environment and rural livelihoods. This region is part of one of the most biodiverse areas on Earth and is also exposed to high pressure from deforestation that threatens the ecosystems as well as the well-being of local populations. The problem stretches beyond the upper Amazon since the region constitutes headwaters to theAmazon Riverand is part of the most important forest ecosystem of the world.This study evaluates the relative controls of human induced land-cover change and natural factors on the chemical status of soils, stream waters, and sediments, mainly through a spatial sampling design. The field work was located to two adjacent river basins underlain by sedimentary rocks. Streams of 48 independent sub-basins, the two main rivers, 80 upland soil sites (weakly developed soils on sandstone and siltstone) and four vertical profiles of floodplain sediments were sampled and analysed for major and trace elements, including nutrients and potentially toxic metals. Further, perceptions of environmental changes were investigated through a combination of quantitative and qualitative interview data collected from 51 smallholder farmers.Soils of primary forests were found to be chemically similar to those of regenerated forests and agricultural land-covers (pastures and coffee plantations), and differences in chemical concentrations between streams draining areas to varying degrees covered by forest were assigned to natural variability. In addition, the chemical composition of alluvial deposits was similar in the two drainage basins despite a substantial difference in exploitation degree (30 % versus 70 % cleared from forest). Thus, no evidence was found of long-term changes in the geochemistry of the Subandean river basins as a result of the conversion of primary forest to agricultural land-uses. The farmers, however, perceived an overall increase in environmental degradation as well as a change towards drier and warmer climatic conditions. The climate change was reported to be the main factor responsible for a negative trend in life quality (rural livelihoods). The results may be used in the work of identifying priorities and key factors necessary for environmental and socioeconomic sustainability in the upper Amazon.
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| 26. |
- Lindell, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Farmers´(local and colonists) perceptions of environmental changes in the forest frontier of the upper Amazon, Peru
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology. - 1462-4605 .- 1741-5004. ; 10:4, s. 394-418
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amazon ecosystem degradation profoundly impacts life supporting processes of global importance such as climate regulation, as well as localconditions for livelihoods. In Peru’s highland jungle, an expanding deforestationfront of forest conversion to agriculture has vastly transformed the landscape.Small-scale farming, the main driver of forest degradation, and consequently household natural resource management affect ecosystem functionality.To investigate farmers’ attitudes and priorities to services provided by the ecosystems (ES) we interviewed 51 farmers, both local and colonists. They strongly agreed that over the last three decades, local conditions for livelihoods have deteriorated following forest degradation and climate change. The latterwas reported the primary contributor to an impaired life quality and their greatest concern. Overall, local farmers perceived greater than did colonists who were also more positive towards intensive agricultureand forestry. This should be considered in environmental conservation efforts in the upper Amazon.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lindell, Linda, 1976-
(författare)
-
Interface Engineering in Organic Electronics
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Organic electronics is a field covering all applications and devices where one or several of the active components are made of organic material, such as organic light emitting diodes, organic solar cells, organic thin film transistors, organic magnets for spintronics etc. In all of the applications mentioned above, transport of charges across both inorganic/organic and organic/organic interfaces play a key role for device performance. In order to achieve high efficiencies and longer life-times, proper matching of the electronic energy levels of the different materials is needed.The aim of the research presented in this thesis has been to explore different routes to optimize interface energetics and gain deeper knowledge of the mechanisms that govern charge transport over the interface. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a method well suited to study both interactions between different materials taking place at surfaces as well as interface energetics.One way to achieve proper matching of interfaces energy levels is by adding a dipole layer. In the three first papers presented in the thesis, the method of adding a monolayer of small organic molecules to change the work function of the surface is investigated. We start with a model system consisting of a nickel surface and PPDA molecules where we have strong interaction and mixing of orbitals between the molecule and the metal surface. The second system consists of a gold surface and TDAE molecules with weaker interaction with integer electron transfer and finally in the third paper an organic surface VPP-PEDOT-Tos is modified, with TDAE, to create a transparent low work function organic electrode. In the fourth paper, we focus on gaining deeper understanding of the Integer Charge Transfer (ICT) model and the mechanisms governing the alignment of energy levels at organic/(in)organic interfaces and in the fifth paper we continue to challenge this model by using it to predict the behavior of a bilayer device, in terms of energy level alignment.
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| 29. |
- Lindell, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
Land-use change versus natural controls on stream water chemistry in the Subandean Amazon, Peru
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Applied Geochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-2927 .- 1872-9134. ; 25:3, s. 485-495
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates the effects of deforestation and land-use change, as compared to natural controls, on stream water chemistry in the Subandean Amazon Dissolved major and trace elements were determined near the stream outlet of 48 independent watersheds with varying morphology. bed rock composition and intactness of forest cover (pristine to highly exploited) Geomorphological characteristics were derived from a digital elevation model, geological formations from digitalized maps and forest cover from digital classification of SPOT satellite images Partial least square regression and multiple linear regression showed that watershed average elevation, which ranged between 396 and 1649 m, was the strongest control on stream water chemistry, explaining >70% of the variation in K and a considerable part also for Mn, U, Mg and HCO3 with near exponential concentration increases down the altitude gradient Forest cover, which ranged between 7% and 99%, correlated strongly with average elevation (Spearman correlation coefficient, r(s) = 0.8), but had no statistically significant impact on stream solute concentrations Thus, in the studied Subandean region, watershed scale deforestation has not resulted in measurable impacts oil stream water chemistry which is dominated by the spatial variation in natural controls.
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| 30. |
- Lindell, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Land-use versus natural controls on soil fertility in the Subandean Amazon, Peru.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 408:4, s. 965-975
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deforestation to amplify the agricultural frontier is a serious threat to the Amazon forest. Strategies to attain and maintain satisfactory soil fertility, which requires knowledge of spatial and temporal changes caused by land-use, are important for reaching sustainable development. This study highlights these issues by evaluating the relative effects of agricultural land-use and natural factors on chemical fertility of inceptisols on redbed lithologies in the Subandean Amazon. Macro and micronutrients were determined in topsoil and subsoil in the vicinity of two villages at a total of 80 sites including pastures, coffee plantations, swidden fields, secondary forest and, as a reference, adjacent primary forest. Differences in soil fertility between the land cover classes were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). Primary forest soil was found to be chemically similar to that of coffee plantations, pastures and secondary forests. There were no significant differences between soils of these land cover types in terms of plant nutrients (e.g. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mo, Mn, Zn, Cu and Co) or other fertility indicators (OM pH,, BS, EC, CECe and exchangeable acidity). The parent material (as indicated by texture and sample geographical origin) and the slope of the sampled sites were stronger controls on soil fertility than land cover type. Elevated concentrations of a few nutrients (NO3 and K) were, however detected in soils of swidden fields. Despite being fertile (higher CECe, Ca and P) compared to Oxisols and Ultisols in the Amazon lowland, the Subandean soils frequently showed deficiencies in several nutrients (e.g. P, K, NO3, Cu and Zn), and high levels of free Al at acidic sites. This paper concludes that deforestation and agricultural land-use has not introduced lasting chemical changes in the studied Subandean soils that are significant in comparison to the natural variability.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Lindell, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Role of intrinsic molecular dipole in energy level alignment at organic interfaces
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 102:22, s. 223301 -1-223301-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy level alignment in metal-organic and organic-organic junctions of the widely used materials tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) is investigated. The measured alignment schemes for single and bilayer films of Alq3 and NTCDA are interpreted with the integer charge transfer (ICT) model. Single layer films of Alq3 feature a constant vacuum level shift of ∼0.2–0.4 eV in the absence of charge transfer across the interface. This finding is attributed to the intrinsic dipole of the Alq3 molecule and (partial) ordering of the molecules at the interfaces. The vacuum level shift changes the onset of Fermi level pinning, as it changes the energy needed for equilibrium charge transfer across the interface.
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| 33. |
- Lindell, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Self-assembled monolayer engineered interfaces: Energy level alignment tuning through chain length and end-group polarity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 204, s. 140-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore the different mechanisms through which self-assembled monolayers can tailor energy level alignment at metal-organic semiconductor interfaces. We show that the large work function variation that can be induced by the self-assembled monolayer on gold has limited ability to tailor the interface energy level alignment of a subsequent organic semiconductor overlayer. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 34. |
- Lindell, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Self assembled monolayer engineered interfaces for determination of charge transfer and charge separated states
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most interfaces in organic electronics consists of weakly interacting organic/(in)organic material interfaces where the interaction is limited to charge transfer via tunnelling. In order to optimize device structure and performance, it is of great importance to understand the rules that govern the energy level alignment at those interfaces. The integer charge transfer (ICT) model is a model used to explain and predict the interaction and energy level alignment behaviour from the so-called integer charge transfer energy, EICT values. In this paper we investigate two phenomena that could influence the absolute value of EICT at hybrid organic and organic-organic interfaces and provide experimentally-derived quantitative data on the strength of the effects.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lindell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Among demons and angels: Attitudes towards system evaluation for quality improvement in advanced vocational education
- 2002
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Ingår i: Quality in Higher Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1353-8322 .- 1470-1081. ; 8:2, s. 127-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates attitudes among educational organisations towards the use of system evaluation for quality improvement in Swedish higher education. The subject of this investigation is the evaluation of the pilot project on advanced vocational education (AVE), which was conducted between 1997 and 1999 by a research team at the Luleå Technological University. The investigation was carried out in the form of a telephone inquiry with a strategic selection of the education organisers. The investigation shows that 65% of the respondents regard the work of the research team, built on the system-evaluation model, as an instrument to inspire confidence and contribute to renewal.
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| 38. |
- Lindell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Between policy and practice : structuring workplace learning in higher vocational education in Sweden and Finland
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Workplace Learning. - : Emerald. - 1366-5626 .- 1758-7859. ; 17:3, s. 194-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study considers the recently established higher vocational education reforms with Swedish advanced vocational education (AVE) and Finnish polytechnics in terms of organisational structure, the design of workplace learning, and furthermore, what kind of practical implications these new models of learning at work have resulted in.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Lindell, Mats
(författare)
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From conflicting interests to collective consent in advanced vocational education : policymaking and the role of stakeholders in Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Education and Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1363-9080 .- 1469-9435. ; 17:4, s. 257-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study considers the policymaking process of forming a new tertiary vocational education and training (VET) policy in Sweden during the 1990s, and the influence that external stakeholders played in that process. Since the late 1960s onwards, the VET system in Sweden has been mainly integrated with general and school-based education. Due to the changes in working life VET has recently undergone a transformation process moving towards a more demand-led mode of functioning. Following perhaps the most significant education policymaking process on the reform of advanced vocational education, the study by analysing requirements and policy recommendations made by the six largest employer, employee and public education bodies from 1995 to 2000, suggests that private industry and commerce managed to establish their requirements, while the employee stakeholders made the largest concessions from an ideological standpoint.
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| 44. |
- Lindell, Mats
(författare)
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From formulation to realisation : reform in Swedish continuing vocational training : the case of advanced vocational education
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with the complexities of planning and implementation of a reform in Swedish continuing vocational training. By complexities it is suggested that vocational education and training (VET) constitutes a contested arena for multiple stakeholders in society. Hence representatives of working life, the State, educationalists and individuals make demands and requirements that VET as an institution should comply with. As this thesis proposes, the complexity has increased further in recent years partly due to the rapid developments in working life and labour markets, and partly due to the on-going deregulation and de-centralisation of the educational system. In general, as this thesis argues, these developments have together created conflicting demands among the stakeholders about how VET should be organised, the mode of delivery and relations towards the labour market. At the same time, the importance of VET is increasingly anticipated due to its potential to support economic growth, and social and cultural integration. The study object of this doctoral thesis is the Swedish reform with Advanced Vocational Education (AVE) which was introduced in 1996 as a pilot project and became a permanent part of the system of continuing vocational training in 2002. Designing the research procedure comprising both the central level educational policymaking activities and the subsequent actions of implementation, the three main questions addressed are: what are the main driving forces behind the formulation of AVE; how is AVE implemented into the system of continuing vocational training; what are the main results and experiences achieved of the reform. Considering the reform of AVE within a theoretical perspective, this doctoral thesis uses the analytical model of educational reform development by Lindensjö and Lundgren. In this acknowledged model, reforms are perceived to taking place at two different contexts in society: the context of formulation and the context of realisation where the former considers the political activities and the latter considering the institutional actions. From a methodological point, this doctoral thesis is designed as a multiple case study with six appended papers, exploring different issues in the reform of AVE. These issues comprise Organisation and Structure, Quality Improvement, Workplace learning and Transition from AVE into working life. Achieving the demands for validity and trustworthiness, this study uses, among other strategies, multiple sources of data gathering, applying data- triangulation. The findings of this doctoral thesis suggest that with AVE a number of educational innovative features were introduced which generally had a positive impact. From the analytical context of formulation, findings suggest that consensus among the central level stakeholders for how AVE should be designed was reached through the joint work of organising programmes during the three-year Pilot project, in combination with the concurrently restructuring of working life. From the context of realisation both educationalists and employers perceived the possibility of designing AVE programmes in co-operation based on local level requirements as positive. Conclusively, most students appreciated AVE as it opened up an opportunity for combining theoretical studies with working at a potential employer thus enhancing their practical skills.
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| 45. |
- Lindell, Mats
(författare)
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From formulation to realisation : the process of Swedish reform in advanced vocational education
- 2006
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Ingår i: Education + Training. - : Emerald. - 0040-0912 .- 1758-6127. ; 48:4, s. 222-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - This study aims to consider the complexities of planning and implementation of a reform in the Swedish system of higher vocational education and training (VET). The study object of this article is the Swedish reform with advanced vocational education (AVE). The two main questions the study aims to address are: "What are the main driving forces behind the formulation of AVE?" and "How is AVE implemented into the system of continuing vocational training?". Design/methodology/approach - This study is designed as a multiple case study, exploring different issues in the reform of AVE. These issues comprise organisation and structure, workplace learning and transition from AVE into working life. From a theoretical perspective, this study uses the analytical model of educational reform development by Lindensjo¨ and Lundgren where reforms are perceived to take place at two different contexts in society. Findings - The findings of this study suggest that with AVE a number of educational innovative features were introduced which generally had a positive impact. From the context of formulation, findings suggest that consensus among the central level stakeholders for how AVE should be designed was reached through the joint work of organising programmes during the three-year pilot project, in combination with the concurrent restructuring of working life. From the context of realisation both educationalists and employers perceived the possibility of designing AVE programmes in co-operation based on local level requirements as positive.Research limitations/implications - To achieve demands for validity and trustworthiness, this study uses multiple sources of data gathering, applying data-triangulation. Nonetheless, this study has some methodological limitations that need to be addressed. In terms of theoretical perspective, the analytical model could appear as simplifying the complex social processes that take place when reforms are being implemented in educational institutions and within working life.Originality/value - This study provides evidence that developments in Swedish society and working life have together created conflicting demands among the stakeholders about how VET should be organised, the mode of delivery and relations towards the labour market.
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| 46. |
- Lindell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Meeting the demand? Students within Swedish advanced vocational education entering the labour market : reflections from an ongoing research project
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Educational Research Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1474-9041. ; 2:1, s. 107-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article considers an ongoing research project concerning the outcome of the Swedish reform of advanced vocational education (AVE) from a graduate perspective. Launched in 1996 as an experimental post-secondary reform meeting the advancements within working life, several new educational features were introduced. In January 2002, AVE became a regular part of the national education system with 12,500 education places per annum. From start to present, over 6,100 students have graduated from the approximately 350 different national AVE programmes available. The purpose of this article is to present results from three sets of questionnaires collected in 1999, 2000 and 2001 surveying over 5,400 of the graduates concerning their opinions and experiences on how AVE corresponds to the demands and requests made of them when entering the labour market. The aggregate results suggest that a majority of the graduates (82%) had a job 6 months after having completed their AVE programmes and that approximately 80% of them were working, with regard to their educational focus, within a ‘target' field of profession.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Lindell, Mats
(författare)
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Saturation effects and flexibility within vocational education and training in Sweden : the case of advanced vocational education
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Advanced vocational education (AVE) is since January 1st 2002 an established post-secondary education in Sweden. With AVE one third of the course time is devoted to advanced application of theoretical knowledge at a workplace. From its start in year 1996 as a pilot project, over 5000 students have today graduated from the approximately 250 different AVE programs available. The purpose with this paper is to present findings from a research project focusing on what has happened with the 5000 students after they have graduated, entering the labour market. The significance of this paper is that it uses unique longitudinal data from three sets of student questionnaires collected in year 1999, 2000 and 2001 by LuleΠUniversity of Technology and Statistics Sweden. The paper concludes with a general discussion on flexibility and lifelong learning within the Swedish system of vocational education and training. The research project is supported by Swedish office of Labour Market Policy Evaluation.
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| 50. |
- Lindell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of lifelong learning on vocational education and training in Sweden
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This publication outlines some of the most important trends and reforms that have taken place within the Swedish vocational education and training (VET) system during the 1990s. It discusses how educational policy makers in Sweden are trying to find new combinations of the traditional apprenticeship model and the dual system on the one hand, and the use of a more integrated system on the other. It suggests that lifelong learning has to be analysed in a more specific context with respect to closing specific skill shortages and implementing social, economic and institutional measures to enhance skill upgrading, on-the-job training and lifelong learning for various groups.
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