| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
-
Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
|
|
| 2. |
- Frischknecht, Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
-
Screening auf problematischen Alkoholkonsum – Erhebung zur Umsetzung der S3-Leitlinienempfehlungen in der transdisziplinären Versorgung einer Modellregion : [Screening for Problematic Alcohol Consumption – A Survey on Guideline Implementation in Transdisciplinary Health Care of a Model Region]
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Das Gesundheitswesen. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0941-3790 .- 1439-4421. ; 84:01, s. 43-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Recording the frequency of screenings for problematic alcohol consumption by professionals involved in the health care of respective patients. The German S3-guideline screening, diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-related disorders recommends the use of questionnaire-based screenings for all patients in all settings.Methods Cross-sectional survey on screening frequency among general practitioners, gynecologists, psychiatrists, child- and adolescent therapists, psychotherapists, social workers and midwives. Logistic regression was used to explore how healthcare professionals' attributes were associated with the implementation of screenings.Results With response rates of about 20%, health care professionals reported using screening instruments for an average of 6.9% of all patients during the previous four weeks. Most of the time, custom-made questions were used instead of the recommended instruments (AUDIT, AUDIT-C). Higher screening rates were reported for patients with newly diagnosed hypertension (21.2%), alcohol-related disorders (43.3%) and mental disorders (39.3%). Knowledge of the guideline was associated with implementation of screenings (OR=4.67; 95% KI 1.94-11.25, p<0.001).Conclusions Comprehensive screening for problematic alcohol use with questionnaire-based instruments in accordance with guidelines is far from being routinely implemented in the studied health care settings. Measures to increase the knowledge of the guidelines are necessary in order to increase the frequency of alcohol screening in health care.
|
|
| 3. |
- Manthey, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Versorgung von Personen mit riskantem Alkoholkonsum und schwerer Alkoholkonsumstörung in Bremen : bedarfsgerecht und leitlinienkonform?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-9990 .- 1437-1588. ; 63, s. 122-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hintergrund: Riskanter Alkoholkonsum und schwere Alkoholkonsumstörungen sollten wegen gesundheitlichen Folgeschäden rechtzeitig erkannt werden. Die S3-Leitlinie „Screening, Diagnose und Behandlung alkoholbezogener Störungen“ empfiehlt daher die routinemäßige Anwendung von Screeningverfahren, z. B. in Allgemeinarztpraxen. Wird ein riskanter Konsum festgestellt, soll eine Kurzintervention erfolgen. Bei schwerer Alkoholkonsumstörung ist eine Entzugsbehandlung angezeigt, bei Komplikationsrisiken in stationärer Form.Ziel der Arbeit: Schätzung des Anteils von Personen mit riskantem Konsum und schwerer Alkoholkonsumstörung in leitlinienkonformer Versorgung im Bundesland Bremen.Material und Methoden: Die Prävalenz riskanten Konsums (weibl.: ≥12 g/Tag; männl.: ≥24 g/Tag) und schwerer Alkoholkonsumstörungen (weibl.: ≥60 g/Tag; männl.: ≥90 g/Tag) wurde über den Pro-Kopf-Konsum von Reinalkohol geschätzt. Behandlungsraten wurden auf Grundlage von Umfragedaten (für riskanten Konsum) sowie mittels Sekundärdaten vollstationärer Krankenhausaufenthalte (für schwere Alkoholkonsumstörung) geschätzt. Die Schätzungen beziehen sich auf die Bevölkerung ab 15 Jahre im Bundesland Bremen im Jahr 2016.Ergebnisse: Nur 2,9 % aller Personen mit riskantem Alkoholkonsum wurden durch ihre Hausärzt*innen gescreent; die Hälfte davon (1,4 %) erhielt eine Kurzintervention. 7,1 % der Personen mit einer schweren Alkoholkonsumstörung wurden vollstationär behandelt. Stationäre Entzugsbehandlungen wurden bei 14,1 % der Personen mit einer schweren Alkoholkonsumstörung durchgeführt, bei denen ein stationärer Entzug erforderlich ist. Unterdurchschnittliche Behandlungsraten wurden bei 21- bis 39-Jährigen registriert.Diskussion: Riskanter Konsum und schwere Alkoholkonsumstörungen sind in Bremen unzureichend versorgt, insbesondere bei 21- bis 39-Jährigen.
|
|
| 4. |
- Schulte, Bernd, et al.
(författare)
-
Tailored interventions to support the implementation of the German national guideline on screening, diagnosis and treatment of alcohol- related disorders : a project protocol
- 2019
-
Ingår i: SUCHT. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0939-5911 .- 1664-2856. ; 65:6, s. 373-381
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The German Guideline on Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders aims to increase the uptake of evidence-based interventions for the early identification, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of alcohol-related disorders in relevant healthcare settings. To date, dissemination has not been accompanied by a guideline implementation strategy. The aim of this study is to develop tailored guideline implementation strategies and to field-test these in relevant medical and psycho-social settings in the city of Bremen, Germany. Methods: The study will conduct an impact and needs assessment of healthcare provision for alcohol use orders in Bremen, drawing on a range of secondary and primary data to: evaluate existing healthcare services; model the potential impact of improved care on public health outcomes; and identify potential barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based guidelines. Community advisory boards will be established for the selection of single-component or multi-faceted guideline implementation strategies. The tailoring approach considers guideline, provider and organizational factors shaping implementation. In field tests quality outcome indicators of the delivery of evidence-based interventions will be evaluated accompanied by a process evaluation to examine patient, provider and organizational factors. Outlook: This project will support the translation of guideline recommendations for the identification, prevention and treatment of AUD in routine practice and therefore contributes to the reduction of alcohol-related burden in Germany. The project is running since October 2017 and will provide its main outcomes by end of 2020. Project results will be published in scientific journals and presented at national and international conferences.
|
|
