| 1. |
- Costa, Diogo, et al.
(författare)
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Forgone healthcare and intimate partner violence : A study in six European urban centres
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are known to refrain from seeking care when in need. Whether the impact on forgone care differs according to the victim-perpetrator role remains unexplored. We aimed to describe the relation between past-year IPV and forgone healthcare according to victims, perpetrators or both (bidirectional). Methods: Adult men and women (n=3496, aged 18-64), randomly sampled from the general population of Athens, Porto, London, Budapest, Östersund and Stuttgart were assessed using a common questionnaire. IPV was ascertained with the Revised-Conflict-Tactics-Scales. The association between IPV and forgone healthcare (“Have you been in need of a certain care service in the past year, but did not seek any help?”), sociodemographics (sex, age, education, city) and health factors (self-assessed health, public or private healthcare sector use), in victims, perpetrators and both was estimated using adjusted logistic regression odds ratios (AOR, 95% confidence intervals). Results: Forgone healthcare ranged from 12.6% (Budapest) to 22.4% (Stuttgart) and was associated with bidirectional involvement in IPV (AOR, 95%CI= 1.37, 1.05-1.78). A lower educational level was associated with forgone care in multivariate models fitted for victims of and for bidirectional involvement in IPV. A fair/poor self-assessed health (contrasting to a good/very good/excellent health) was significantly associated with forgone care in victims (AOR, 95%CI=2.61, 1.96-3.47), in bidirectional IPV (AOR, 95%CI=2.94, 2.27-3.82) and for perpetrators (AOR, 95%CI=2.58, 1.96-3.40). Conclusion: Beside the known barriers identified for inequalities and access to healthcare, the role of IPV in forgone healthcare should be considered.
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| 2. |
- Costa, Diogo, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate partner violence in Europe: design and methods of a multinational study. : La violencia de pareja en Europa: diseño y métodos de un estudio multinacional
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gaceta Sanitaria. - : Elsevier BV. - 0213-9111 .- 1578-1283. ; 27:6, s. 558-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To describe the design, methods, procedures and characteristics of the population involved in a study designed to compare Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in eight European countries.Methods Women and men aged 18–65, living in Ghent-Belgium (n = 245), Stuttgart-Germany (n = 546), Athens-Greece (n = 548), Budapest-Hungary (n = 604), Porto-Portugal (n = 635), Granada-Spain (n = 138), Östersund-Sweden (n = 592), London-United Kingdom (n = 571), were sampled and administered a common questionnaire. Chi-square goodness of fit and five-age strata population fractions ratios for sex and education were computed to evaluate samples' representativeness.Results Differences in the age distributions were found among women from Sweden and Portugal and among men from Belgium, Hungary, Portugal and Sweden. Over-recruitment of more educated respondents was noted in all sites.Conclusion The use of a common research protocol with the same structured questionnaire is likely to provide accurate estimates of the general population IPV frequency, despite limitations in probabilistic sampling and restrictions in methods of administration.
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| 3. |
- Costa, Diogo, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of intimate partner violence on forgone healthcare : a population-based, multicentre European study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 29:2, s. 359-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:To examine the relationship between forgone healthcare and involvement in intimate partner violence (IPV) as victims, perpetrators or both.METHODS:This cross-sectional multicentre study assessed community non-institutionalized residents (n = 3496, aged 18-64) randomly selected from six European cities: Athens, Budapest, London, Östersund, Porto, Stuttgart. A common questionnaire was used, including self-reports of IPV and forgone healthcare ('Have you been in need of a certain care service in the past year, but did not seek any help?'). Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed fitting logistic regression models adjusted for city, chronic disease, self-assessed health status and financial strain.RESULTS:Participants experiencing past year IPV (vs. no violence) reported more often to forgone healthcare (n = 3279, 18.6% vs. 15.3%, P = 0.016). IPV experienced as both a victim and perpetrator was associated with forgone healthcare (adjusted OR, 95%CI: 1.32, 1.02-1.70).CONCLUSION:IPV was associated with forgone healthcare, particularly for those experiencing violence as both victims and perpetrators. Results suggest that preventing IPV among adults may improve timely healthcare uptake.
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| 4. |
- Csöff, Rosina-Martha, et al.
(författare)
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Körperliche beschwerden bei älteren migranten in Deutschland
- 2010
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1661-4747 .- 1664-2929. ; 58:3, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Körperliche Beschwerden sind bei Älteren weit verbreitet; diese sind bei Migranten bislang in Deutschland und international noch wenig untersucht. Unsere multizentrische Querschnittstudie erfasste körperliche Beschwerden bei Menschen im Alter zwischen 60 und 84 Jahren mit Wohnsitz in Stuttgart anhand der Kurzversion des Gießener Beschwerdebogens (GBB-24). In Deutschland wurden 648 Personen untersucht, davon 13.4 % (n = 87) nicht in Deutschland geborene. Die Geschlechterverteilung war bei Migranten und Nichtmigranten gleich; der sozioökonomische Status lag bei den Migranten etwas niedriger: 8.0 % (n = 7) der Migranten und 2.5 % (n = 14) der Nichtmigranten verfügten über höchstens vier Jahre Schulbildung; 12.6 % (n = 11) der Migranten und 8.2 % (n = 46) der Nichtmigranten hatten ein monatliches Haushaltsnettoeinkommen von unter 1000€; 26.4 % der Migranten und 38.1 % (n = 214) der Nichtmigranten verfügten über mehr als 2000€ monatlich. Somatische Beschwerden lagen bei den Migranten bei 65.5 % (n = 57) und bei den Nichtmigranten bei 55.8 % (n = 313). Frauen wiesen häufiger somatische Beschwerden auf (61.8 %) als Männer (51.8 %). Mit steigendem Alter nahmen somatische Beschwerden zu. Mit Ausnahme der Altersgruppe der 70–74-Jährigen konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Migranten und Nichtmigranten hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit körperlicher Beschwerden gezeigt werden. Ausblick: Es werden dringend bevölkerungsrepräsentative Studien zu körperlichen Beschwerden bei Migranten benötigt.
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| 5. |
- Csöff, Rosina-Martha, et al.
(författare)
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Körperliche Beschwerden bei älteren Migranten in Deutschland [Somatic Complaints among Elderly Migrants in Germany]
- 2010
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1661-4747 .- 1664-2929. ; 58:3, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bodily complaints are widespread among the elderly; few surveys investigating bodily complaints among elder migrants exist in Germany and internationally. Our multi-centric cross section study examined bodily complaints among persons between 60 and 84 years dwelling in Stuttgart on the basis of the short version of the Giessen Complaint Questionnaire (GBB-24). In Germany 648 were explored with 13.4% (n = 87) born outside of Germany. Gender distribution was equal among migrants and non-migrants; socioeconomic status was lower among the migrants: 8.0% (n = 7) of the migrants and 2.5% (n = 14) of the non-migrants had at most four years of education; 12.6% (n = 11) of the migrants and 8.2% (n = 46) of the non-migrants held a net income of below 1000 (sic); 26.4% of the migrants and 38.1% (n = 214) of the non-migrants disposed over 2000 (sic) monthly. The incidence of somatic complaints was 65.5% (n = 57) among the migrants and 55.8% (n = 313) among the non-migrants. Women (61.8%) displayed more often somatic complaints than men (51.8%). Somatic complaints increased with age. Except of the group aged between 70-74 years no significant difference between migrants and non-migrants could be shown concerning the incidence of bodily complaints. Outlook: population based studies on bodily complaints among migrants are urgently needed.
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| 6. |
- Dias, Nicole Geovana, et al.
(författare)
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Intimate Partner Violence and Use of Primary and Emergency Care : The Role of Informal Social Support
- 2020
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Ingår i: Health & Social Work. - : Oxford academic. - 0360-7283 .- 1545-6854. ; 45:2, s. 91-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social support may encourage victims to disclose their experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), but also to seek the appropriate help and care in the social and health services. Using data from a multicenter European project, DOVE (Domestic Violence Against women/men in Europe-prevalence, determinants, effects, and policies/practices), the present study aimed at measuring the frequency of primary care and emergency use according to IPV types of victimization, and to investigate whether victims receiving different levels of informal social support are using health care differently. Results suggested a significant association between IPV types and use of emergency services, and no association was found regarding primary care services. Victims of physical abuse and sexual coercion went to the emergency department (ED) more frequently (more than once a year). Also, victims of physical abuse receiving low social support visited an ED more frequently than those with high social support, whereas victims of sexual coercion with high informal social support went more often to the ED compared with victims of sexual coercion with low social support, even after controlling for other covariates. These results seem to suggest that social support has a significant role in the decision to use health care among victims of IPV.
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| 7. |
- Dias, Nicole Geovana, et al.
(författare)
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Social support and the intimate partner violence victimization among adults from six European countries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Family Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0263-2136 .- 1460-2229. ; 36:2, s. 117-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSocial support may buffer the negative effects of violence on physical and mental health. Family medicine providers play an essential role in identifying the available social support and intervening in intimate partner violence (IPV).ObjectiveThis study aimed at assessing the association between social support and the IPV victimization among adults from six European countries.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional multi-centre study that included individuals from Athens (Greece), Budapest (Hungary), London (UK), Östersund (Sweden), Porto (Portugal) and Stuttgart (Germany). Data collection was carried out between September 2010 and May 2011. The sample consisted of 3496 adults aged 18–64 years randomly selected from the general population in each city. The revised Conflict Tactics Scales was used to assess IPV victimization. Social support was assessed with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.ResultsParticipants reporting physical assault victimization experienced lower social support (mean ± SD) than their counterparts, 66.1 ± 13.96 versus 71.7 ± 12.90, P< 0.001, for women; and 67.1 ± 13.69 versus 69.5 ± 13.52, P = 0.002 for men. Similar results were found regarding sexual coercion victimization, 69.1 ± 14.03 versus 71.3 ± 12.97, P = 0.005 for women and 68.0 ± 13.29 versus 69.3 ± 13.62, P= 0.021 for men. This study revealed lower levels of social support among participants reporting lifetime and past year victimization, independent of demographic, social and health-related factors.ConclusionResults showed a statistically significant association between low social support and IPV victimization. Although the specific mechanisms linking social support with experiences of violence need further investigation, it seems that both informal and formal networks may be associated with lower levels of abusive situations.
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| 8. |
- Eslami, Bahareh, et al.
(författare)
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Life-time abuse and mental health among older persons : a European study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1092-6771 .- 1545-083X. ; 26:6, s. 590-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the association of lifetime abuse and mental health among older persons, considering associated factors (e.g., demographics) through a cross-sectional design. We recruited 4,467 women and men ages 60–84 years from 7 European cities. Mental health was measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial, and physical injuries) based on the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and the UK survey of abuse/neglect of older people. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that country of residence, low educational level, and experienced financial strain increased the odds of probable cases of anxiety and depression. Female sex, white-collar profession, and financial support by social/other benefits/or partner income were associated with higher odds of anxiety, while older age and experience of lifetime injury were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. The findings of this study indicate that socioeconomic factors, as well as experienced lifetime severe physical abuse leading to injuries, are significant in perceived mental health of adults in later life.
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| 9. |
- Eslami, Bahareh, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime abuse and perceived social support among the elderly : a study from seven European countries
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 27:4, s. 686-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Being a victim of abuse during one's life course may affect social relations in later life. The aims of this study were to: (i) examine the association between lifetime abuse and perceived social support and (ii) identify correlates of perceived social support among older persons living in seven European countries. Methods: A sample of 4467 women and men aged 60-84 years living in Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain and Sweden was collected through a cross-sectional population-based study. Abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial and injury) was assessed through interviews or interviews/self-response questionnaire based on the Conflict Tactics Scale-2 and the UK study on elder abuse. Perceived social support was assessed by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: Victims of lifetime abuse perceived poorer social support in later life. Multivariate analyses showed that high levels of perceived social support were associated with being from Greece and Lithuania (compared to Germany), being female, not living alone, consuming alcohol and physical activity. Poorer perceived social support was associated with being from Portugal, being old, having social benefits as the main source of income, experiencing financial strain and being exposed to lifetime psychological abuse and injuries. Conclusions: Our findings showed that exposure to psychological abuse and injuries across the lifespan were associated with low levels of perceived social support, emphasizing the importance of detection and appropriate treatment of victims of abuse during their life course. Future research should focus on coping strategies buffering the negative effects of abuse on social relationships.
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| 10. |
- Eslami, Bahareh, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime abuse and somatic symptoms among older women and men in Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research suggests that survivors of interpersonal violence have an increasing experience of bodily symptoms. This study aims to scrutinise the association between lifetime abuse and somatic symptoms among older women and men, considering demographics/socio-economic, social support and health variables. Methods: A sample of 4,467 community-dwelling persons aged 60–84 years (57.3% women) living in seven European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, Sweden) was recruited for this cross-sectional study. Lifetime abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial and injury) was assessed on the basis of the UK study of elder abuse and the Conflict Tactics Scale-2, while somatic symptoms were assessed by the Giessen Complaint List short version. Results: Women reported somatic symptoms more frequently than men. Multiple regression analyses revealed that lifetime exposure to psychological abuse was associated with higher levels of somatic symptoms among both women and men, while experiencing lifetime sexual abuse was associated with somatic symptoms only among older women, after adjusting for other demographic and socio-economic variables. Country of residence, older age, and low socio-economic status were other independent factors contributing to a higher level of somatic symptoms. Conclusions: The positive association between the experience of abuse during lifetime and the reporting of higher levels of somatic symptoms, in particular among older women, seems to suggest that such complaints in later life might also be related to the experience of mistreatment and not only to ageing and related diseases. Violence prevention throughout lifetime could help to prevent somatic symptoms in later life.
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| 11. |
- Eslami, Bahareh, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of lifetime abuse among older adults in seven European countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 61:8, s. 891-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To investigate the lifetime prevalence rate of abuse among older persons and to scrutinize the associated factors (e.g. demographics).Methods This cross-sectional population-based study had 4467 participants, aged 60–84, from seven European cities. Abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial and injuries) was measured based on The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale, and the UK survey of abuse/neglect of older people.Results Over 34 % of participants reported experiencing lifetime psychological, 11.5 % physical, 18.5 % financial and 5 % sexual abuse and 4.3 % reported injuries. Lifetime psychological abuse was associated with country, younger age, education and alcohol consumption; physical abuse with country, age, not living in partnership; injuries with country, female sex, age, education, not living in partnership; financial abuse with country, age, not living in partnership, education, benefiting social/partner income, drinking alcohol; and sexual abuse with country, female sex and financial strain.Conclusions High lifetime prevalence rates confirm that elder abuse is a considerable public health problem warranting further longitudinal studies. Country of residence is an independent factor associated with all types of elder abuse which highlights the importance of national interventions alongside international collaborations.Keywords Determinant Elder abuse Financial Injuries Psychological Sexual
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| 12. |
- Henderson, Charles R., et al.
(författare)
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Elder maltreatment in Europe and the United States : a transnational analysis of prevalence rates and regional factors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0894-6566 .- 1540-4129. ; 33:4, s. 249-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the association between type and frequency of elder maltreatment (EM) and residential setting (rural, suburban,and urban settings in the U.S. and northern and southern cities in Europe). We used data on 7,225 participants from European and U.S. cross-sectional studies to estimate rates of EM in three domains in the five settings in logistic-linear models that included setting and demographic variables and tested prespecified contrasts on settings. Northern Europe is similar to the U.S. in rate of financial exploitation; the Mediterranean has higher rates than either of the other two. For emotional and physical maltreatment, the Mediterranean is similar to the U.S; Northern Europe has higher rates. EM differs between and within settings in the U.S. and Europe. There is a need for rigorous research to examine the effects of residential settings and environment on EM. Interventions to reduce EM should be explored.
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| 13. |
- Lindert, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Abuse and neglect of older persons in seven cities in seven countries in Europe : a cross-sectional community study
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 58:1, s. 121-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial, neglect) of older persons (AO) in seven cities from seven countries in Europe (Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, Sweden), and to assess factors potentially associated with AO.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 (n = 4,467, aged 60–84). potentially associated factors were grouped into domains (domain 1: age, gender, migration history; domain 2: education, occupation; domain 3: marital status, living situation; domain 4: habitation, income, financial strain). We calculated odds ratios (OR) with their respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI).Results: Psychological AO was the most common form of AO, ranging from 10.4 % (95 % CI 8.1–13.0) in Italy to 29.7 % (95 % CI 26.2–33.5) in Sweden. Second most common form was financial AO, ranging from 1.8 % (95 % CI 0.9–3.2) in Sweden to 7.8 % (95 % CI 5.8–10.1) in Portugal. Less common was physical AO, ranging from 1.0 % (95 % CI 0.4–2.1) in Italy to 4.0 % (95 % CI 2.6–5.8 %) in Sweden. Sexual AO was least common, ranging from 0.3 (95 % CI 0.0–1.1) in Italy and Spain to 1.5 % (95 % CI 0.7–2.8) in Greece. Being from Germany (AOR 3.25, 95 % CI 2.34–4.51), Sweden (OR 3.16, 95 % CI 2.28–4.39) or Lithuania (AOR 2.45, 95 % CI 1.75–3.43) was associated with increased prevalence rates of AO.Conclusion: Country of residence of older people is independent from the four assessed domains associated
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| 14. |
- Lindert, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Age and distress of women-Results of a representative population-based study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Archives of Women's Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-1816 .- 1435-1102. ; :12, s. 173-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little research has been carried out on prevalence rates of distress (e.g. depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), hopelessness, and burnout) of women in different age groups. The aims of this study were to measure the prevalence rate of depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, hopelessness, and burnout among women and to clarify the associations between age groups and distress. Cross sectional epidemiological study on women in Sweden (n = 6,000, aged 18–64 years, response rate 64.1%). Measures were questionnaires on socio-economic and work-related characteristics and on depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, hopelessness, and burnout. Depression was measured with the “General Health Questionnaire” (GHQ), PTSS with the “Posttraumatic Symptom Scale”, hopelessness with the “Hopelessness Scale” and burnout with the “Shiron-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire” (SMBQ). The prevalence rate of depression varied from 12.5% to 14.1%; of posttraumatic stress symptoms from 23.5% to 33.3%; of hopelessness from 11.5% to 16%; and of burnout from 22.9% to 17.1%. Depression was not associated with age group. Hopelessness was associated with age group in univariate analysis bur not in multivariate analysis (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5–1.0). PTSS and burnout were associated with age group. Both symptoms were higher in the youngest age group, compared to the eldest age group (posttraumatic stress symptoms: OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2, 2.1; burnout: OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1). Younger women show higher prevalence rates of PTSS and burnout compared to elder women. The higher prevalence rates of PTSS and burnout among younger women may be associated with job strain and/or with violent life events.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Lindert, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Study design, sampling and assessment methods of the European study “Abuse of the Elderly in the European Region”
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 22:5, s. 662-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Violence against and abuse of older persons (VAO) aged >60 years has become a prominent public health issue. From January 2009-July 2009, we conducted the cross-sectional European study 'Abuse of the elderly in the European region' (ABUEL) among community-dwelling elderly populations aged 60-84 years in Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. We describe the cooperation, completion and response rates; the modes of recruitment and administration; and analyse differences in response rates between countries. Methods: We calculated the population fraction (respondents in each age/sex group divided by the population in the same age/sex group) and the population fraction ratio (PFR) to describe and analyse heterogeneity between countries. To analyse associations between methods and response rates we conducted cross tabulations and logistic regression analyses. Results: The response rates ranged from 18.9 in Germany to 87.4 in Portugal. Men were underrepresented in all countries (PFR<1). Cluster- and cohort-based sampling produced the highest overall response rates. Conclusion: More European and international studies investigating response behaviour in VAO research systematically are needed to gain further knowledge about the internal and external validity of research on VAO. © 2011 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Melchiorre, Maria Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Abuse of older men in seven European countries : a multilevel approach in the framework of an ecological model
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Several studies on elder abuse indicate that a large number of victims are women, but others report that men in later life are also significantly abused, especially when they show symptoms of disability and poor health, and require help for their daily activities as a result. This study focused on the prevalence of different types of abuse experienced by men and on a comparison of male victims and non-victims concerning demographic/socio-economic characteristics, lifestyle/health variables, social support and quality of life. Additionally, the study identified factors associated with different types of abuse experienced by men and characteristics associated with the victims.METHODS: The cross-sectional data concerning abuse in the past 12 months were collected by means of interviews and self-response during January-July 2009, from a sample of 4,467 not demented individuals aged between 60-84 years living in seven European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain and Sweden). We used a multilevel approach, within the framework of an Ecological Model, to explore the phenomenon of abuse against males as the complex result of factors from multiple levels: individual, relational, community and societal.RESULTS: Multivariate analyses showed that older men educated to higher levels, blue-collar workers and men living in a rented accommodation were more often victims than those educated to lower levels, low-rank white-collar workers and home owners, respectively. In addition, high scores for factors such as somatic and anxiety symptoms seemed linked with an increased probability of being abused. Conversely, factors such as increased age, worries about daily expenses (financial strain) and greater social support seemed linked with a decreased probability of being abused.CONCLUSIONS: Male elder abuse is under-recognized, under-detected and under-reported, mainly due to the vulnerability of older men and to social/cultural norms supporting traditional male characteristics of stoicism and strength. Further specific research on the topic is necessary in the light of the present findings. Such research should focus, in particular, on societal/community aspects, as well as individual and family ones, as allowed by the framework of the Ecological Model, which in turn could represent a useful method also for developing prevention strategies for elder abuse.
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| 20. |
- Melchiorre, Maria Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Social Support, Socio-Economic Status, Health and Abuse among Older People in Seven European Countries : Social support and elder abuse in Europe
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:1, s. e54856-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSocial support has a strong impact on individuals, not least on older individuals with health problems. A lack of support network and poor family or social relations may be crucial in later life, and represent risk factors for elder abuse. This study focused on the associations between social support, demographics/socio-economics, health variables and elder mistreatment.MethodsThe cross-sectional data was collected by means of interviews or interviews/self-response during January-July 2009, among a sample of 4,467 not demented individuals aged 60–84 years living in seven European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden).ResultsMultivariate analyses showed that women and persons living in large households and with a spouse/partner or other persons were more likely to experience high levels of social support. Moreover, frequent use of health care services and low scores on depression or discomfort due to physical complaints were indicators of high social support. Low levels of social support were related to older age and abuse, particularly psychological abuse.ConclusionsHigh levels of social support may represent a protective factor in reducing both the vulnerability of older people and risk of elder mistreatment. On the basis of these results, policy makers, clinicians and researchers could act by developing intervention programmes that facilitate friendships and social activities in old age.
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| 21. |
- Melchiorre, Maria Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence, severity and chronicity of abuse towards older men : Insights from a multinational European survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLoS. - 1932-6203. ; 16:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Elder abuse is a growing public health question among policy makers and practitioners in many countries. Research findings usually indicate women as victims, whereas male elder abuse still remains under-detected and under-reported. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, severity and chronicity of abuse (psychological, physical, physical injury, sexual, and financial) against older men, and to scrutinize factors (e.g. demographics) associated with high chronicity of any abuse.METHODS: Randomly selected older men (n = 1908) aged 60-84 years from seven European cities (Ancona, Athens, Granada, Kaunas, Stuttgart, Porto, Stockholm) were interviewed in 2009 via a cross-sectional study concerning abuse exposure during the past 12 months.RESULTS: Findings suggested that prevalence of abuse towards older men varied between 0.3% (sexual) and 20.3% (psychological), with severe acts between 0.2% (sexual) and 8.2% (psychological). On the whole, higher chronicity values were for injury, followed by psychological, financial, physical, and sexual abuse. Being from Sweden, experiencing anxiety and having a spouse/cohabitant/woman as perpetrator were associated with a greater "risk" for high chronicity of any abuse. For men, severity and chronicity of abuse were in some cases relatively high.CONCLUSIONS: Abuse towards older men, in the light of severe and repeated acts occurring, should be a source of concern for family, caring staff, social work practice and policy makers, in order to develop together adequate prevention and treatment strategies.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Soares, Joaquim J. F., 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life among persons aged 60-84 years in Europe: The role of psychological abuse and socio-demographic, social and health factors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Biosafety and Health Education. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2332-0893. ; 1:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Elder abuse and its effects are a serious public health issue. However, little is known about therelation between psychological abuse, other factors (e.g. social support) and quality of life (QoL) by domain. This studyaddressed differences in QoL by domain between psychologically abused and non-abused. While considering otherfactors such as social support.Methods: The respondents were 4,467 (2,559 women) randomly selected persons aged 60-84 years living in7 European cities. The mean response across countries was 45.2%. The cross-sectional data were analyzed withbivariate/multivariate methods.Results: Abused respondents contrasted to non-abused scored lower in QoL (autonomy, 67.42 ± 21.26 vs. 72.39± 19.58; intimacy, 55.31 ± 31.15 vs. 67.21 ± 28.55; past/present/future activities, 62.79 ± 19.62 vs. 68.05 ± 18.09;social participation, 65.03 ± 19.84 vs. 68.21 ± 19.77). Regressions showed that abuse was negatively associated withautonomy, intimacy and past/present/future activities, and positively with the social participation. All QoL dimensionswere negatively associated with country and depressive/anxiety symptoms, and positively with social support. Further,variables such as age, sex and somatic symptoms were negatively associated with some of the QoL dimensions andothers such as family structure, education, health care use and drinking positively. The regression model “explained”32.8% of the variation in autonomy, 45.6% in intimacy, 44.8% in past/present/future activities and 41.5% in socialparticipation.Conclusions: Abuse was linked to lower QoL in most domains, but other factors such as depressive symptomsalso carried a negative impact. Social support and to some extent family structure had a “protective” effect on QoL.Abuse, health indicators (e.g. depressive symptoms) and social support should be considered in addressing the QoL ofolder persons. However, QoL was influenced by many factors, which could not be firmly disentangled due to the crosssectionalapproach, calling for longitudinal research to address causality.
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| 24. |
- Soares, Joaquim J.F., et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between the chronicity and severity of abuse, socio-economics, psychosocial factors and mental health
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of healthcare, insurance and equity. - 2345-3168. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The abuse and mental health of older persons are sources of great concern. However, there are limited data on the relation between the chronicity (frequency of abuse) by severity (minor, severe) of abuse (e.g. psychological, physical) and mental health (e.g. depression). Women/men aged 60–84 years from seven European cities (n=4,467) participated in this study, and data were analysed with bivariate/multivariate methods. High chronicity (frequency, median/above) of psychological and physical abuse independently of severity was related to depression and anxiety; financial and overall abuse to anxiety; and minor financial abuse and overall abuse to depression. Regressions showed that some factors (e.g. being from Greece) were associated with a lower depression/anxiety “risk” and others (e.g. low social support) with high risk. Low chronicity (frequency, below median) of psychological abuse was associated with a lower anxiety risk. The management of depression/anxiety, particularly anxiety, among elders should also consider the roles of abuse and social support.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Stankunas, Mindaugas, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with refraining from buying prescribed medications among older people in Europe
- 2014
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Ingår i: Australasian Journal on Ageing. - : Wiley. - 1440-6381 .- 1741-6612. ; 33:4, s. 25-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo evaluate the associations between refraining from buying prescribed medications and selected factors among older persons.MethodsA total of 4467 people aged 60–84 years from seven European countries answered a questionnaire (response rate 45.2%). Refraining from buying prescribed medications was measured with the question: ‘Have you ever refrained from buying prescribed medication and care?’ResultsAbout 11.9% of older people refrained from buying prescribed medications. The multiple regression analysis showed that ages 60–64 (odds ratio (OR) = 2.08; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.38–3.13) and 65–69 (OR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.16–2.57) years, experience of financial strain (OR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.27–2.01), as well as exposure to abuse (OR = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.31–2.06) when taking into account country of participant were independently associated with refraining from buying medications, while an opposite association was observed for being male (OR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.58–0.91).ConclusionsThe study has revealed that refraining from buying prescription medications is a problem among older people and it has identified a number of factors associated with this.
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| 28. |
- Stankunien, Aurima, et al.
(författare)
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Somatic complaints and refrain from buying prescribed medications. Results from a cross-sectional study on people 60 years and older living in Kaunas (Lithuania)
- 2012
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Ingår i: DARU. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-8115 .- 2008-2231. ; 20:78, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe use of medicines by elderly people is a growing area of concern in social pharmacy. A significant proportion of older people do not follow the recommendations from physicians and refrain from buying prescribed medications. The aim of this study is to evaluate associations between self-rated health, somatic complaints and refraining from buying prescribed medications by elderly people.FindingsData was collected in a cross-sectional study in 2009. We received 624 completed questionnaires (response rate -- 48.9%) from persons aged 60--84 years living in Kaunas (Lithuania). Somatic complaints were measured with the 24 item version of the Giessen Complaint List (GBB-24). Logistic regression (Enter model) was used for evaluation of the associations between refraining from buying medications and somatic complaints. These associations were measured using odds ratio (OR) and calculating the 95% confidence interval (CI).The mean scores in total for the GBB scale and sub-scales (exhaustion, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular) were lowest among respondents who did not refrain from buying prescribed medications (means for GBB-24 scale: 21.04 vs. 24.82; p=0.001). Logistic regression suggests that somatic complaints were associated with a increased risk of refraining from buying prescribed medications (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.15-1.60).ConclusionsSomatic complaints were significantly associated with the decision to refrain from buying prescribed medications.
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| 29. |
- Stankuniene, Aurima, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of self-reported underuse of medications due to cost for the elderly: results from seven European urban communities
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 15, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported underuse of medications due toprocurement costs amongst older persons from seven European urban communities.Methods: The data were collected in a cross-sectional study (“ABUEL, Elder abuse: A multinational prevalencesurvey”) in 2009. Randomly selected people aged 60–84 years (n = 4,467) from seven urban communities: Stuttgart(Germany), Athens (Greece), Ancona (Italy), Kaunas (Lithuania), Porto (Portugal), Granada (Spain) and Stockholm(Sweden) were interviewed. Response rate - 45.2 %. Ethical permission was received in each country.Results: The results indicate that 3.6 % (n = 162) of the respondents self-reported refraining from buying prescribedmedications due to cost. The highest prevalence of this problem was identified in Lithuania (15.7 %, n = 99) and Portugal(4.3 %, n = 28). Other countries reported lower percentages of refraining from buying medications (Germany – 2.0 %,Italy – 1.6 %, Sweden – 1.0 %, Greece – 0.6 %, Spain – 0.3 %). Females refrained more often from buying medicationsthan males (2.6 % vs. 4.4 %, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of this refraining tended to increase with economic hardship.Discussion: These differences between countries can be only partly described by the financing of health-care systems.In spite of the presence of cost reimbursement mechanisms, patients need to make co-payments (or in some cases topay the full price) for prescribed medications. This indicates that the purchasing power of people in 10.1186/s12913-015-1089-4 the particular country can play a major role and be related with the economic situation in the country. Lithuania,which has reported the highest refrain rates, had the lowest gross domestic product (at the time of conducting thisstudy) of all participating countries in the study.Conclusions: Refraining from buying the prescribed medications due to cost is a problem for women and men inrespect to ageing people in Europe. Prevalence varies by country, sex, and economic hardship.Keywords: Ageing, Accessibility, Medications, Europe, ABUEL
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| 30. |
- Stankuniene, Aurima, et al.
(författare)
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Use of medications amongst older persons in Kaunas, Lithuania
- 2013
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Ingår i: Open Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1911-2092 .- 2391-5463. ; 8:6, s. 855-860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To evaluate the associations between socio-economical factors and the use of medications in the elderly. Methods: The data was collected in a cross-sectional study in 2009. We received 624 completed questionnaires (response rate - 48.9%) from elderly people aged 60-84 years living in Kaunas (Lithuania). For an evaluation of the impact of explanatory variables on the analyzed events (binary dependent variable), an Enter model of logistic regression was used. Results: Our findings suggest that 50.8% (n=317) of respondents used at least one drug daily. 18.3% (n=114) of respondents indicated that they use medications regularly, but not on a day-by-day basis. One quarter (25.6%; n=160) used medication only on an "at need" basis. Only 5.3% (n=33) of older persons did not use any medications at all. Logistic regression showed that being male (OR=0.67; 95%CI:0.45-0.98) was associated with using medications "regularly + daily." For the use of "daily" medications, older age (OR=1.33; 95%CI:1.15-1.53) was associated with using medications daily. An opposite association was observed for respondents having no paid work (OR=0.48; 95%CI:0.26-0.82). Conclusions: Our study suggests that more than half of older persons in Lithuania use medications every day. Use was associated with socioeconomic factors (gender, age, and employment status).
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| 31. |
- Stén, Kersti Danell, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between abuse, psychosocial factors and pain complaints among older persons in Europe
- 2014
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Ingår i: Medicina (Kaunas). - : MDPI AG. - 1010-660X .- 1648-9144. ; 50:1, s. 61-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective: Abuse and pain complaints are common among older persons. However, little is known about relationships between abuse (e.g. psychological) and pain complaints (e.g. backache) among older persons while considering other factors (e.g. depression).Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine these relationships.Materials and methods: The design was cross-sectional. A total of 4467 women and men aged 60-84 years from Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden answered questionnaires regarding various areas such as abuse, mental health (e.g. anxiety) and pain complaints (e.g. backache). The data were examined with bivariate (analyses ofvariance) and multivariate methods (linear regressions).Results: The bivariate analyses showed that psychological abuse was connected with all pain complaints; physical with headache and head pressure; sexual with neck or shoulder pain and headache; injury with all complaints (except pain in joints or limbs); financial with pain in joints or limbs and head pressure; and overall abuse (one or more types) with all complaints (except headache). The regressions showed that psychological abuse increased the likelihood of being affected by head pressure and heaviness or tiredness in the legs; physical abuse of being affected by headache and head pressure; financial abuse of being affected by head pressure; and overall abuse of being affected by headache and head pressure. In general, respondents from Sweden and younger (60-64 years) were less affected by the complaints than those from other counties (e.g. Germany) and older (e.g. 70-74 years), respectively. Respondents on medication (e.g. pain killers) were less affected by all pain complaints and those with high social support by pain in joints or limbs. High scores on anxiety and depression and having many diseases increased the likelihood of being affect by all pain complaints.Conclusions: Abuse was related with certain pain complaints (e.g.headache), but other factors and in particular mental health and physical diseases impacted on all pain complaints. Medication and partly social support had a positive effect on the pain experience, i.e. the complaints interfered less with for instance the daily-life of the respondents.
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