| 1. |
- Bergman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and efficacy of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in five groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls in a prospective open-label clinical trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with immunocompromised disorders have mainly been excluded from clinical trials of vaccination against COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this prospective clinical trial was to investigate safety and efficacy of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in five selected groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls.Methods: 539 study subjects (449 patients and 90 controls) were included. The patients had either primary (n=90), or secondary immunodeficiency disorders due to human immunodeficiency virus infection (n=90), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation/CAR T cell therapy (n=90), solid organ transplantation (SOT) (n=89), or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (n=90). The primary endpoint was seroconversion rate two weeks after the second dose. The secondary endpoints were safety and documented SARS-CoV-2 infection.Findings: Adverse events were generally mild, but one case of fatal suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction occurred. 72.2% of the immunocompromised patients seroconverted compared to 100% of the controls (p=0.004). Lowest seroconversion rates were found in the SOT (43.4%) and CLL (63.3%) patient groups with observed negative impact of treatment with mycophenolate mofetil and ibrutinib, respectively.Interpretation: The results showed that the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine was safe in immunocompromised patients. Rate of seroconversion was substantially lower than in healthy controls, with a wide range of rates and antibody titres among predefined patient groups and subgroups. This clinical trial highlights the need for additional vaccine doses in certain immunocompromised patient groups to improve immunity.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bergh, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Altered expression of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene in leukemic cell lines inhibits induction of differentiation but not G1-accumulation
- 1997
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Ingår i: Blood. - 1528-0020. ; 89:8, s. 2938-2950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, RB, has been implicated in tumor suppression, in regulation of the cell cycle, and in mediating cell differentiation. RB is necessary for hematopoiesis in mice, and aberrant RB-expression is associated with the progress and prognosis of leukemia. We have used antisense oligonucleotides, established clones stably expressing an antisense RB construct, and also established clones over expressing the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) to study the role of RB expression in monocytic differentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or 1-alpha-25-dihyroxycholecalciferol (Vit D3) in the monoblastic cell line U-937 and erythroid differentiation induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and hemin in the erythroleukemic cell line K562. A reduction in pRb production in antisense RB-transfected U-937 clones was shown. Antisense oligonucleotides as well as expression of the antisense RB construct suppressed differentiation responses to ATRA or Vit D3, as judged by the capability to reduce nitro blue tetrazolium, by the appearance of monocyte-related cell surface antigens and by morphologic criteria. K562 cells showed decreased differentiation response to TGFbeta1, but not to hemin, when incubated with antisense oligonucleotides. U-937 antisense RB-transfected cells were also suppressed in their ability to upregulate levels of hypophosphorylated pRb when induced to differentiate. Although U-937 cells incubated with antisense oligonucleotides and clones expressing the antisense RB construct were hampered in their ability to differentiate on incubation with ATRA or Vit D3, the induced G0/G1-accumulation was similar to differentiating control cells treated with ATRA or Vit D3. Intriguingly, U-937 clones overexpressing RB were also inhibited in their differentiation response to ATRA or Vit D3 but not inhibited in their ability to respond with G0/G1 accumulation when induced with these substances. The results indicate that pRb plays a role in induced differentiation of U-937 cells as well as K562 cells involving mechanisms that, at least partially, are distinct from those inducing G1 accumulation.
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| 9. |
- Björkström, Niklas K, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid expansion and long-term persistence of elevated NK cell numbers in humans infected with hantavirus
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1007 .- 1540-9538. ; 208:1, s. 13-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural killer (NK) cells are known to mount a rapid response to several virus infections. In experimental models of acute viral infection, this response has been characterized by prompt NK cell activation and expansion followed by rapid contraction. In contrast to experimental model systems, much less is known about NK cell responses to acute viral infections in humans. We demonstrate that NK cells can rapidly expand and persist at highly elevated levels for >60 d after human hantavirus infection. A large part of the expanding NK cells expressed the activating receptor NKG2C and were functional in terms of expressing a licensing inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and ability to respond to target cell stimulation. These results demonstrate that NK cells can expand and remain elevated in numbers for a prolonged period of time in humans after a virus infection. In time, this response extends far beyond what is considered normal for an innate immune response.
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| 10. |
- Breitholtz, Marcus, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Overlayer resonance and quantum well state of Cs/Cu(111) studied with angle-resolved photoemission, LEED, and first-principles calculations
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 1098-0121. ; 75:15, s. 9-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction are used to study submonolayer coverages of Cs on Cu(111) at room temperature (RT) and 170 K. At RT, the Cs saturation coverage is approximately 90% of the full monolayer coverage. The full monolayer is characterized by a quantum well state (QWS) band having an energy of 25 meV below the Fermi level (E-F) in the (Gamma) over bar point and a resonance band extending to energies below the Cu band gap. This is supported by our first-principles calculations. Low-energy electron diffraction shows that the Cs overalyer forms a (2x2) structure over a wide coverage range, in which the QWS has energies from 50 meV above to 25 meV below E-F. The continued energy shift of the QWS after saturation of the diffraction angles is interpreted in terms of vacancies in the overlayer.
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| 11. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution photoemission from a tunable quantum well: Cu(111)/Na
- 1997
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 56:3, s. 1593 - 1600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-resolution photoemission (ΔE=5 meV) at a low photon energy (3.82 eV) is used to probe discrete quantum-well-type subband states near, below, and above EF for Cu(111) covered with 2 ML or less of Na. A subband characteristic of the monolayer range shifts gradually to lower energy as the coverage is increased, extending below the Fermi level for coverages above 0.85 ML. Combined with previous observations of shifts for filled and empty states the present results show that the Na monolayer has continuously tunable quantum-well state energies. Beyond the monolayer range quantum-well states characteristic of both one and two atomic layers are observed, indicating growth of the second layer via monolayer high islands. A small downshift, by 25 meV, with increasing coverage in the second layer is ascribed to an increase of the island size. Lorentzian photoemission line shapes are observed for well-ordered samples. The linewidth varies linearly with temprature in the probed range (130–295 K) and this is ascribed to the phonon contribution to the width. Structural disorder leads to an asymmetric line, which is Lorentzian on the steeper, low-kinetic-energy side.
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| 12. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of structure changes for Li/Cu(111) by photoemission from Li core and quantum-well states
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 57:20, s. 13192 - 13198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Via photoemission from discrete quantum-well valence states and the Li 1s core level, three different types of atom rearrangements are observed for Cu(111)/Li. In the monolayer coverage range gradual energy shifts for the core-level as well as a quantum-well state reflect a gradual lateral compression of the Li overlayer as more atoms are adsorbed. The onset of Li substitution and formation of a (2×2) structure when, at RT, monolayer Li coverage is exceeded, is monitored via the disappearance and appearance of quantum-well states characteristic of the adsorbed full monolayer of Li and the part substitutional (2×2) structure, respectively. A splitting of the Li 1s emission peak into a doublet reflects the two different Li sites characteristic of the (2×2) phase. A small energy shift of the quantum-well state (25 meV) indicates that, if it is cooled (170 K), the substitutional structure is unstable with respect to Li adsorption.
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| 13. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Oscillatory photoemission cross section for alkali monolayer quantum well states
- 1996
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028. ; 352-354, s. 656-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong oscillatory photon energy dependence, observed in the photon energy range between 5 and 26 eV, for the intensity of photoemission peaks due to quantum well states in Na and Cs monolayers on Cu(111) is ascribed to interference between the contributions to the outgoing photoelectron wave from the two tails of the quantum well state.
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| 14. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Oscillatory photoemission cross section for simple-metal quantum wells
- 1995
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 52:15, s. 11144 - 11146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong, oscillatory photon energy dependence is observed for the intensity of photoemission peaks due to quantum-well states in Na overlayers on Cu(111). The measurements are made at low photon energies (hν
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| 15. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Shifts and widths of metal-overlayer quantum-well states near EF observed by photoemission
- 1994
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 50:12, s. 8926 - 8929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photoelectron energy spectra reveal discrete valence-electron states in the range 0–220 meV above EF for 1–3 atomic layers of Na on Cu(111). Apart from a stepwise dependence on the number of atomic Na layers the energy of the quantum-well states depends in a gradual manner on how full the layer is. The states are as well defined in energy as comparable surface states producing peak widths (50–90 meV), which depend on temperature and coverage.
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| 16. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Structure changes for Cu(111)/Li observed via discrete quantum well states
- 1997
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Ingår i: Surface Review and Letters. - 0218-625X. ; 4:6, s. 1233-1237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Via photoemission in the near UV from discrete quantum well states, four different types of atom rearrangements are observed for Cu(111)/Li. In the monolayer range a gradual energy shift reflects a gradual compression of the Li layer as more atoms are adsorbed. The onset of Li substitution and formation of a (2×2) structure when, at RT, monolayer Li coverage is exceeded is monitored via the appearance of a quantum well state characteristic of the new phase. A small energy shift indicates that, if it is cooled (170 K), the new structure is unstable with respect to Li adsorption. Finally, an energy downshift with increasing coverage observed for a state characteristic of 2 ML Li is ascribed to an increasing area for one-atomic-layer-high islands formed by Li atoms on top of the first full layer.
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| 17. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Valence-Electron Resonances in Alkali-Metal Overlayers Observed via Photoemission Line-Shape Changes
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 77:2, s. 346 - 349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Valence-electron resonances for Na overlayers on Ag(111) and Cu(111) are observed by photoemission via line-shape changes for the substrate s,p-band emission in a narrow range of photon energies. The effect is ascribed to interfering contributions to the photoelectron wave from the substrate and the vacuum barrier.
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| 18. |
- Deleskog, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Robust NLS Sensor Localization using MDS Initialization
- 2014
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Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), 2014. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9788490123553 ; , s. 1-7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Before a sensor network can be used for target localization, the locations of the sensors need to be determined. We approach this calibration step by moving a source to distinct positions around the network. At each position, the range to each sensor is measured,and from these range measurements the sensor locations can be estimated by solving a nonlinear least squares (NLS) problem. Here we formulate the NLS problem and describe how to robustly initialize it by the use of multidimensional scaling. The method is evaluated on both simulations and real data from an acoustic sensor network. Withas few as six source positions, a robust calibration is demonstrated that gives a position error about the same size as the range error. In the acoustic example this RMSE is less than 40 cm.
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| 19. |
- Ekblad, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Cell-line-specific stimulation of tumor cell aggressiveness by wound healing factors - a central role for STAT3
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 13, s. 33-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Local recurrence is a major factor affecting survival after treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is possible that the normal processes involved in wound healing after surgical removal of a primary tumor can boost the regrowth of residual cancer cells, thereby contributing to the recurrent growth. In this work, we collected human wound fluids and used them to investigate the effect of wound healing factors on HNSCC cell lines in vitro. Methods: Wound fluids were collected from thyroidectomized patients diagnosed with benign disease and were included in assays of cell proliferation, migration, cell scattering, and invasion. The involvement of intracellular signaling pathways and membrane receptors were investigated by western blotting and the inclusion of specific inhibitors. Results: One out of four cell lines was greatly stimulated in proliferation, migration, cell scattering, and invasion by the addition of wound fluid as compared with addition of fetal bovine or human serum. These effects were accompanied by a sharp increase in activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Inhibition of STAT3 activation abolished the wound fluid response, showing that STAT3 plays an important role in the wound healing response. Several of the observed phenotypic changes were epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like, but the appropriate changes were not seen in any of the EMT markers investigated. The involvement of c-Met or epidermal growth factor receptor family members was excluded, while the interleukin-6 receptor was found to be partly responsible for the activation of STAT3. Conclusions: In conclusion, we found cell-line-specific effects of wound healing factors on HNSCC, setting the stage for therapy development and predictive opportunities.
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| 20. |
- Gustafsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Direction of Arrival Estimation in Sensor Arrays Using Local Series Expansion of the Received Signal
- 2015
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Ingår i: 18th International Conference of Information Fusion. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9780982443866
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A local series expansion of a received signal is pro-posed for computing direction of arrival (DOA) in sensor arrays. The advantages compared to classical DOA estimation methods include general sensor configurations, ultra-slow sampling, smalldimension of the arrays, and that it applies for both narrowbandand wideband signals without prior knowledge of the signals. This makes the method well suited for DOA estimation in sensor networks where size and energy consumption have to be small. We generalize the common far-field assumption of the target toalso include the near-field, which enables target tracking usinga network of sensor arrays in one framework.
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| 21. |
- Juell-Skielse, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Service Automation in Public Organizations
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: Service Automation in the Public Sector. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030926434 - 9783030926441 ; , s. 3-10
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This title aims at presenting the latest advancements and findings from research on service automation in public sector organizations. The authors of the chapters use a mix of social- and technical approaches to increase our understanding of public service automation. The chapters present and discuss the conceptualization of automation of service in public organizations, empirical examples of automation applications in public organizations, and implementation challenges that can arise from public sector service automation. The overall ambition is to aid and inspire researchers and practitioners to advance their knowledge on service automation in public organizations, as well as to provide a foundation for policy development and future research. In this introductory chapter, we give a brief overview of the included chapters. We then synthesize a set of gaps in the current understanding of service automation in public organizations and provide suggestions for future research. We conclude that there is a continued need to observe and learn from empirical examples and a want for more critical studies on the social- and societal consequences of increased service automation in public organizations.
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| 22. |
- Lindgren, Amelie, et al.
(författare)
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Extensive loss of past permafrost carbon but a net accumulation into present-day soils
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 560:7717, s. 219-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide increased between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21,000 years ago) and the preindustrial era(1). It is thought that the evolution of this atmospheric carbon dioxide (and that of atmospheric methane) during the glacial-to-interglacial transition was influenced by organic carbon that was stored in permafrost during the LGM and then underwent decomposition and release following thaw(2,3). It has also been suggested that the rather erratic atmospheric delta C-13 and Delta C-14 signals seen during deglaciation(1.4) could partly be explained by the presence of a large terrestrial inert LGM carbon stock, despite the biosphere being less productive (and therefore storing less carbon)(5,6). Here we present an empirically derived estimate of the carbon stored in permafrost during the LGM by reconstructing the extent and carbon content of LGM biomes, peatland regions and deep sedimentary deposits. We find that the total estimated soil carbon stock for the LGM northern permafrost region is smaller than the estimated present-day storage (in both permafrost and non-permafrost soils) for the same region. A substantial decrease in the permafrost area from the LGM to the present day has been accompanied by a roughly 400-petagram increase in the total soil carbon stock. This increase in soil carbon suggests that permafrost carbon has made no net contribution to the atmospheric carbon pool since the LGM. However, our results also indicate potential postglacial reductions in the portion of the carbon stock that is trapped in permafrost, of around 1,000 petagrams, supporting earlier studies(7). We further find that carbon has shifted from being primarily stored in permafrost mineral soils and loess deposits during the LGM, to being roughly equally divided between peatlands, mineral soils and permafrost loess deposits today.
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| 23. |
- Lindgren, Amelie, et al.
(författare)
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GIS-based Maps and Area Estimates of Northern Hemisphere Permafrost Extent during the Last Glacial Maximum
- 2016
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Ingår i: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. - : Wiley. - 1045-6740 .- 1099-1530. ; 27:1, s. 6-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents GIS-based estimates of permafrost extent in the northern circumpolar region during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), based on a review of previously published maps and compilations of field evidence in the form of ice-wedge pseudomorphs and relict sand wedges. We focus on field evidence localities in areas thought to have been located along the past southern border of permafrost. We present different reconstructions of permafrost extent, with areal estimates of exposed sea shelf, ice sheets and glaciers, to assess areas of minimum, likely and maximum permafrost extents. The GIS-based mapping of these empirical reconstructions allows us to estimate the likely area of northern permafrost during the LGM as 34.5 million km(2) (which includes 4.7 million km(2) of permafrost on exposed coastal sea shelves). The minimum estimate is 32.7 million km(2) and the maximum estimate is 35.3 million km(2). The extent of LGM permafrost is estimated to have been between c. 9.1 to 11.7 million km(2) larger than its current extent on land (23.6 million km(2)). However, 2.4 million km(2) of the lost land area currently remains as subsea permafrost on the submerged coastal shelves. The LGM permafrost extent in the northern circumpolar region during the LGM was therefore about 33 percent larger than at present. The net loss of northern permafrost since the LGM is due to its disappearance in large parts of Eurasia, which is not compensated for by gains in North America in areas formerly covered by the Laurentide ice sheet.
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| 24. |
- Lindgren, Amelie, et al.
(författare)
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Millennial-scale analysis of land >23 ˚N as a carbon source and sink since the Last Glacial Maximum
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The transfers of carbon between land, ocean and atmosphere, and their relation to temperature variability over glacial and interglacial cycles continue to intrigue the scientific community. Over the past four decades, many have focused on the role of the Southern Ocean to explain the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) patterns seen in ice core records, but recent advances also include mentions of a possible terrestrial component. We quantify important terrestrial organic soil carbon (C) stocks north of 23˚, using palaeo-data and modeled climate to reconstruct terrestrial C dynamics from the Last Glacial Maximum until present at millennial time steps. During the deglaciation, C storage declined to reach a minimum around 10 kyr BP, a trend which then turned and led to progressively higher soil C stocks during the Holocene. Net changes in mineral soil C stocks are small, even though significant geographic shifts occurred; instead, deglacial and interglacial terrestrial C stock dynamics are dominated by losses from permafrost loess, inundation of continental shelves and gains in peatlands, processes commonly overlooked in complex Earth System Models.
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| 25. |
- Lindgren, Amelie, 1987-
(författare)
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Northern Permafrost Region Soil Carbon Dynamics since the Last Glacial Maximum : a terrestrial component in the glacial to interglacial carbon cycle
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), after ~100,000 years of relatively cold temperatures and progressively lower atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, CO2 levels reached ~180 ppm, which is less than half of what we see today in a much warmer world (~400 ppm). Although much of this increase since the LGM is due to human-induced emissions, about 100 ppm of this increase can be attributed to natural variations seen over glacial to interglacial cycles. The sources for this natural CO2 rise remain unclear despite considerable efforts to constrain its origin. This thesis attempts to describe and quantify the role of soil carbon in this context, with emphasis on the permafrost hypothesis, which states that a shift from glacial to interglacial conditions released permafrost soil carbon to the atmosphere during the deglaciation. We present empirical estimates of the change in the Northern permafrost area between the LGM and present, and the associated soil carbon stock changes. We also partition these soil carbon stock changes at millennial intervals to capture not only the size but the timing of change. We find that the soil carbon stocks north of the Tropics decreased after the LGM to reach a minimum around 10,000 years ago, after which stocks increased to more than compensate for past losses. This may present part of a solution to untangle the marine and atmospheric 13C record, where the marine records suggest that the terrestrial carbon stock has grown since the LGM, while the atmospheric record also indicates terrestrial losses. To estimate the mineral soil carbon stocks, we have relied on vegetation reconstructions. Some of these reconstructions were created with a novel data-driven machine learning approach. This method may facilitate robust vegetation reconstruction when evidence of past conditions is readily available. Results in this thesis highlight the importance of permafrost, loess deposits and peatlands when considering the soil carbon cycle over long time scales.
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| 26. |
- Lindgren, Amelie, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing Past Global Vegetation With Random Forest Machine Learning, Sacrificing the Dynamic Response for Robust Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. - 1942-2466. ; 13:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vegetation is an important component in the Earth system, providing a direct link between the biosphere and atmosphere. As such, a representative vegetation pattern is needed to accurately simulate climate. We attempt to model global vegetation (biomes) with a data‐driven approach, to test if this allows us to create robust global and regional vegetation patterns. This not only provides quantitative reconstructions of past vegetation cover as a climate forcing, but also improves our understanding of past land cover‐climate interactions which have important implications for the future. By using a Random Forest (RF) machine learning tool, we train the vegetation reconstruction with available biomized pollen data of present and past conditions to produce broad‐scale vegetation patterns for the preindustrial (PI), the mid‐Holocene (MH, ∼6,000 years ago), and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21,000 years ago). We test the method's robustness by introducing a systematic temperature bias based on existing climate model spread and compare the result with that of LPJ‐GUESS, an individual‐based dynamic global vegetation model. The results show that the RF approach is able to produce robust patterns for periods and regions well constrained by evidence (the PI and the MH), but fails when evidence is scarce (the LGM). The apparent robustness of this method is achieved at the cost of sacrificing the ability to model dynamic vegetation response to a changing climate.
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| 27. |
- Lindgren, Amelie, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing past vegetation with Random Forest Machine Learning, sacrificing the dynamic response for robust results
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vegetation is an important feature in the Earth system, providing a direct link between the biosphere and atmosphere. As such, a representative vegetation pattern is needed to accurately simulate climate. We attempt to reconstruct past and present vegetation with a data driven approach, to test if this allows us to create robust global and regional vegetation patterns. The motivation for this stems from the possibility of avoiding circular arguments when studying past time periods where vegetation is used to reconstruct climate, and climate is used to construct vegetation. By using the Random Forest machine learning tool, we train the vegetation reconstruction with available biomized pollen data of present and past conditions and are able to produce reasonable broad-scale vegetation patterns for the Pre-Industrial and the Mid-Holocene together with a few modeled climate variables. We test the methods robustness by introducing a systematic temperature bias based on existing climate model spread and compare the result with that of LPJ-GUESS, a process-based dynamic global vegetation model. Results prove that the Random Forest approach is able to produce robust patterns for periods and regions well constrained by evidence, but fails when evidence is scarce. The robustness is achieved by sacrificing a dynamic vegetation response to a changing climate.
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| 28. |
- Lindgren, David, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic Source Localization in a Network of Doppler Shift Sensors
- 2013
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Ingår i: 16th International Conference on Information Fusion. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9786058631113
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well-known that the motion of an acoustic source can be estimated from Doppler shift observations. It ishowever not obvious how to design a sensor network to efficiently deliver the localization service. In this work a rather simplistic motion model is proposed that is aimed at sensor networks with realistic numbers of sensor nodes. It is also described how to efficiently solve the associated least squares optimization problem by Gauss-Newton variable projection techniques, and how to initiate the numerical search from simple features extracted from the observed frequency series. The methods are demonstrated onreal data by determining the distance to a passing propellerdriven aircraft and by localizing an all-terrain vehicle. It is concluded that the processing components included are fairly mature for practical implementations in sensor networks.
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| 29. |
- Lindgren, David, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed localization using acoustic Doppler
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Signal Processing. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1684 .- 1872-7557. ; 107, s. 43-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well-known that the motion of an acoustic source can be estimated from Doppler shift observations. It is however not obvious how to design a sensor network to efficiently deliver the localization service. In this work a rather simplistic motion model is proposed that is aimed at sensor networks with realistic numbersof sensor nodes. It is also described how to efficiently solve the associated least squares optimization problem by Gauss-Newton variable projection techniques, and how to initiate the numerical search from simple features extracted from the observed frequency series. The methods are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations and demonstrated on real data by localizing an all-terrain vehicle. Itis concluded that the processing components included are fairly mature for practical implementations in sensor networks.
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| 30. |
- Lindgren, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Erythropoietin suppresses the activation of pro-apoptotic genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts exposed to surgical trauma.
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies on the use of erythropoietin (Epo) to treat anaemia in patients undergoing cancer treatment have shown adverse effects on tumour control and survival. Experimental studies indicate that this could be linked to an interaction with wound healing processes and not an effect on tumour cells per se. We have previously shown that erythropoietin in combination with surgical trauma stimulates tumour growth. In the present study, we investigated the effect of surgery and Epo on gene expression.
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| 31. |
- Lindgren, Gustaf
(författare)
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Immune mechanisms that determine the quality of antibody responses to vaccines
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Effective vaccines for many dangerous infectious diseases are still lacking. An improved understanding of the mechanisms that determine the quality of vaccine responses is essential to guide future attempts to design effective vaccines. This thesis aimed to characterize the early and late immune responses of different clinically relevant vaccine platforms. All studies were performed in the non-human primate (NHP) model due to their physiological and immunological similarities to humans. Protein subunit vaccines are commonly used when live attenuated vaccines are unsafe. Adjuvants are often needed in protein subunit vaccines to stimulate sufficiently potent immune responses. In paper I we developed an in vivo model to examine the initial immunological events after vaccine administration into the muscle. Specifically, we studied the mechanisms of the adjuvants Alum, MF59 and Alum-TLR7. We found that all adjuvants induced rapid infiltration of immune cells at the site of vaccine injection. Alum-TLR7 and MF59 showed stronger adaptive immune profiles compared to Alum, including higher antibody titers, better neutralization and a stronger germinal center (GC) response. However, their innate immune activation was very different. Alum-TLR7 exclusively induced a type I interferon response and excelled at dendritic cell maturation while MF59 promoted neutrophil recruitment to the vaccine draining lymph nodes (LNs). In paper II-III we studied mRNA-based vaccines which have emerged as promising candidates against several diseases including Zika and influenza. In paper II we used fluorescently labeled lipid nanoparticles (LNP) encapsulating mRNA encoding for the fluorescent protein mCitrine, for tracking of vaccine uptake and mRNA translation separately. We found a rapid infiltration of immune cells to the site of injection as well as uptake and translation of the mRNA into antigen with both intradermal and intramuscular immunizations. A strong type I interferon response was induced at the site of injection and the draining LNs. Priming of T cells occurred in the vaccine-draining LNs. In paper III we investigated the adaptive immune profile of a mRNA vaccine encoding influenza hemagglutinin. Immunization induced a quick B cell response including vaccine-specific memory B cells in blood and plasma cells in the bone marrow. Formation of GCs was detected in the vaccine draining LNs. Circulating vaccine-specific CXCR3+ T follicular helper cells, associated with a Th1 response, transiently appeared in the blood and correlated with antibody avidity in serum. Finally, in paper IV, we focused on the methodological advancements of GC analysis. LNs were divided in two and each half was analyzed by either immunohistology or flow cytometry. We propose a method to analyze and present GC data to make a direct comparison possible between studies regardless of the technique. Altogether, the data presented in the thesis will add to the understanding of how vaccine responses are initiated and regulated. Ultimately this will help in the development of new or improved vaccines.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Lindgren, Stig-Åke, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Coverage-dependent frequency for Li-atom vibrations on Cu(111)
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 54:15, s. 10912 - 10916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron-energy-loss spectra recorded for monolayer amounts of Li adsorbed on Cu(111) show a loss peak associated with Li vibrations perpendicular to the substrate. The loss energy shifts from 38 meV at low coverage to 43 meV at 0.3 ML and remains constant for coverages between 0.3 and 0.5 ML. The loss intensity passes a maximum at a Li coverage of 0.15 ML and gradually decreases such that it is difficult to resolve a loss peak at coverages above 0.5 ML. The high loss energy indicates that the adatom resides on the surfaces rather than in substitutional sites. The frequency shift is much too large to be explained by dipole-dipole interactions. The above results are obtained with the evaporation source loaded with the natural Li isotope mixture (92.6% 7Li, 7.4% 6Li). Measurements with 6Li show that the increase of the vibration frequency with increasing coverage is not an isotope effect.
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| 35. |
- Lindgren, Therese, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal analysis of the human T cell response during acute hantavirus infection
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - Baltimore : American Society for Microbiology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 85:19, s. 10252-10260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal studies of T cell immune responses during viral infections in humans are essential for our understanding of how effector T cell responses develop, clear infection, and provide long-lasting immunity. Here, following an outbreak of a Puumala hantavirus infection in the human population, we longitudinally analyzed the primary CD8 T cell response in infected individuals from the first onset of clinical symptoms until viral clearance. A vigorous CD8 T cell response was observed early following the onset of clinical symptoms, determined by the presence of high numbers of Ki67(+)CD38(+)HLA-DR(+) effector CD8 T cells. This response encompassed up to 50% of total blood CD8 T cells, and it subsequently contracted in parallel with a decrease in viral load. Expression levels of perforin and granzyme B were high throughout the initial T cell response and likewise normalized following viral clearance. When monitoring regulatory components, no induction of regulatory CD4 or CD8 T cells was observed in the patients during the infection. However, CD8 as well as CD4 T cells exhibited a distinct expression profile of inhibitory PD-1 and CTLA-4 molecules. The present results provide insight into the development of the T cell response in humans, from the very onset of clinical symptoms following a viral infection to resolution of the disease.
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| 36. |
- Muster, Sina, et al.
(författare)
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PeRL : a circum-Arctic Permafrost Region Pond and Lake database
- 2017
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 9:1, s. 317-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ponds and lakes are abundant in Arctic permafrost lowlands. They play an important role in Arctic wetland ecosystems by regulating carbon, water, and energy fluxes and providing freshwater habitats. However, ponds, i. e., waterbodies with surface areas smaller than 1.0 x 10(4) m(2), have not been inventoried on global and regional scales. The Permafrost Region Pond and Lake (PeRL) database presents the results of a circum-Arctic effort to map ponds and lakes from modern (2002-2013) high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery with a resolution of 5m or better. The database also includes historical imagery from 1948 to 1965 with a resolution of 6m or better. PeRL includes 69 maps covering a wide range of environmental conditions from tundra to boreal regions and from continuous to discontinuous permafrost zones. Waterbody maps are linked to regional permafrost landscape maps which provide information on permafrost extent, ground ice volume, geology, and lithology. This paper describes waterbody classification and accuracy, and presents statistics of waterbody distribution for each site. Maps of permafrost landscapes in Alaska, Canada, and Russia are used to extrapolate waterbody statistics from the site level to regional landscape units. PeRL presents pond and lake estimates for a total area of 1.4 x 10(6) km(2) across the Arctic, about 17% of the Arctic lowland (<300ma. s.l.) land surface area. PeRL waterbodies with sizes of 1.0 x 10(6) m(2) down to 1.0 x 10(2) m(2) contributed up to 21% to the total water fraction. Waterbody density ranged from 1.0 x 10 to 9.4 x 10(1) km(-2). Ponds are the dominant waterbody type by number in all landscapes representing 45-99% of the total waterbody number. The implementation of PeRL size distributions in land surface models will greatly improve the investigation and projection of surface inundation and carbon fluxes in permafrost lowlands. Waterbody maps, study area boundaries, and maps of regional permafrost landscapes including detailed metadata are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.868349.
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| 37. |
- Nordanstig, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality with Paclitaxel-Coated Devices in Peripheral Artery Disease.
- 2020
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 383, s. 2538-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results of a recent meta-analysis aroused concern about an increased risk of death associated with the use of paclitaxel-coated angioplasty balloons and stents in lower-limb endovascular interventions for symptomatic peripheral artery disease.We conducted an unplanned interim analysis of data from a multicenter, randomized, open-label, registry-based clinical trial. At the time of the analysis, 2289 patients had been randomly assigned to treatment with drug-coated devices (the drug-coated-device group, 1149 patients) or treatment with uncoated devices (the uncoated-device group, 1140 patients). Randomization was stratified according to disease severity on the basis of whether patients had chronic limb-threatening ischemia (1480 patients) or intermittent claudication (809 patients). The single end point for this interim analysis was all-cause mortality.No patients were lost to follow-up. Paclitaxel was used as the coating agent for all the drug-coated devices. During a mean follow-up of 2.49 years, 574 patients died, including 293 patients (25.5%) in the drug-coated-device group and 281 patients (24.6%) in the uncoated-device group (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.22). At 1 year, all-cause mortality was 10.2% (117 patients) in the drug-coated-device group and 9.9% (113 patients) in the uncoated-device group. During the entire follow-up period, there was no significant difference in the incidence of death between the treatment groups among patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (33.4% [249 patients] in the drug-coated-device group and 33.1% [243 patients] in the uncoated-device group) or among those with intermittent claudication (10.9% [44 patients] and 9.4% [38 patients], respectively).In this randomized trial in which patients with peripheral artery disease received treatment with paclitaxel-coated or uncoated endovascular devices, the results of an unplanned interim analysis of all-cause mortality did not show a difference between the groups in the incidence of death during 1 to 4 years of follow-up. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02051088.).
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| 38. |
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Service Automation in the Public Sector : Concepts, Empirical Examples and Challenges
- 2022. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This edited volume highlights the latest advances in and findings from research on service automation in public sector organizations. The contributing authors use a mix of social and technological approaches to increase readers’ understanding of public service automation. The respective chapters discuss the automation of services in public organizations from a conceptual standpoint, present empirical examples of automation applications in public organizations, and consider the implementation-related challenges that can arise. The book’s overall goal is to aid and inspire researchers and practitioners to expand their knowledge of service automation in public organizations, while also providing a foundation for policy development and future research. Following a brief introductory chapter, the book addresses major gaps in our current understanding of service automation in public organizations, and provides suggestions for future research. Moreover, it argues that there is a continued need to observe and learn from empirical examples, and a need for more critical studies on the social and societal consequences of increased service automation in public organizations.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Yu, Meng, et al.
(författare)
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Delayed generation of functional virus-specific circulating T follicular helper cells correlates with severe COVID-19
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective humoral immune responses require well-orchestrated B and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell interactions. Whether these interactions are impaired and associated with COVID-19 disease severity is unclear. Here, longitudinal blood samples across COVID-19 disease severity are analysed. We find that during acute infection SARS-CoV-2-specific circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells expand with disease severity. SARS-CoV-2-specific cTfh cell frequencies correlate with plasmablast frequencies and SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, avidity and neutralization. Furthermore, cTfh cells but not other memory CD4 T cells, from severe patients better induce plasmablast differentiation and antibody production compared to cTfh cells from mild patients. However, virus-specific cTfh cell development is delayed in patients that display or later develop severe disease compared to those with mild disease, which correlates with delayed induction of high-avidity neutralizing antibodies. Our study suggests that impaired generation of functional virus-specific cTfh cells delays high-quality antibody production at an early stage, potentially enabling progression to severe disease. T follicular helper cells (Tfh) enhance antibody responses and can circulate or be resident in lymph nodes. Here the authors show that during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, circulating Tfh cells correlate with antibody titres and plasmablast levels but in more severe COVID-19 cases, cTfh generation is delayed.
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