| 1. |
- Do, Ron, et al.
(författare)
-
Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1345-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
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| 2. |
- Heggertveit, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Administrative Burden in Digital Self-service: An Empirical Study About Citizens in Need of Financial Assistance
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ELECTRONIC PARTICIPATION, EPART 2022. - Cham : SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG. - 9783031232121 - 9783031232138 ; , s. 173-187
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to investigate what challenges arise for vulnerable citizens when welfare service provision is digitalized. We analyze the challenges citizens experience in the application process using the theoretical concept of administrative burden., i.e., learning-, compliance-, and psychological costs imposed on the citizen by policy implementation. The financial assistance service provided by the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV) is our empirical example. Our results show that digitalizing financial assistance creates new administrative burdens for vulnerable citizens. While frontline workers offer important help to citizens in the application process, they can also impose additional burdens on the citizen. Our study contributes with empirically grounded insights on the administrative burdens related to digital self-service, which causes citizens to turn to frontline workers for support. We offer a theoretical contribution by linking digitalization and administrative burden.
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| 3. |
- Lindgren, Ida, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Citizens’ Channel Behavior in Benefit Application : Empirical Examples from Norwegian Welfare Services
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450396356 ; , s. 416-423
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- After more than a decade of intense digitalization of public service delivery in Scandinavia, scholars and public organizations wonder why many citizens still prefer to use traditional communication channels to interact with government. In this paper, we explore citizens' channel behavior when applying for public benefits from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV). We break down the application process into separate actions to answer the research question: what causes citizens to use multiple channels in the benefit application process? Based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with frontline workers at NAV, we describe the process citizens undergo when they apply for benefits from NAV, the actions citizens perform, and the problems they experience, which cause them to contact NAV. Frontline workers are interviewed as these are knowledgeable experts on the application process who can give an aggregate account of the various problems citizens encounter. We contribute with empirical descriptions of how two benefit application processes play out in different ways and cause different channel behaviors. Analyses of this kind are important to supply new knowledge for the ongoing digitalization of public welfare service provision to enhance citizens' ability to successfully co-produce the service. Further, we offer contributions to research practice by illustrating how citizens' interaction with public organizations can be studied and analyzed holistically, using a process model for breaking the interaction down into parts
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| 4. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 5. |
- Speliotes, Elizabeth K., et al.
(författare)
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Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 937-948
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is globally prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for obesity susceptibility, we examined associations between body mass index and ~2.8 million SNPs in up to 123,865 individuals with targeted follow up of 42 SNPs in up to 125,931 additional individuals. We confirmed 14 known obesity susceptibility loci and identified 18 new loci associated with body mass index (P < 5 × 10−8), one of which includes a copy number variant near GPRC5B. Some loci (at MC4R, POMC, SH2B1 and BDNF) map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance, and one of these loci is near GIPR, an incretin receptor. Furthermore, genes in other newly associated loci may provide new insights into human body weight regulation.
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| 6. |
- Willer, Cristen J., et al.
(författare)
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Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1274-1283
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. To identify new loci and refine known loci influencing these lipids, we examined 188,577 individuals using genome-wide and custom genotyping arrays. We identify and annotate 157 loci associated with lipid levels at P < 5 x 10(-8), including 62 loci not previously associated with lipid levels in humans. Using dense genotyping in individuals of European, East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry, we narrow association signals in 12 loci. We find that loci associated with blood lipid levels are often associated with cardiovascular and metabolic traits, including coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, waist-hip ratio and body mass index. Our results demonstrate the value of using genetic data from individuals of diverse ancestry and provide insights into the biological mechanisms regulating blood lipids to guide future genetic, biological and therapeutic research.
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| 7. |
- Amir Heidari, Payam, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
A state-of-the-art model for spatial and stochastic oil spill risk assessment: A case study of oil spill from a shipwreck
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 126, s. 309-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oil spills are serious environmental issues that potentially can cause adverse effects on marine ecosystems. In some marine areas, like the Baltic Sea, there is a large number of wrecks from the first half of the 20th century, and recent monitoring and field work have revealed release of oil from some of these wrecks. The risk posed by a wreck is governed by its condition, hazardous substances contained in the wreck and the state of the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is a need for a common standard method for estimating the risks associated with different wrecks. In this work a state-of-the-art model is presented for spatial and stochastic risk assessment of oil spills from wrecks, enabling a structured approach to include the complex factors affecting the risk values. A unique feature of this model is its specific focus on uncertainty, facilitating probabilistic calculation of the total risk as the integral expected sum of many possible consequences. A case study is performed in Kattegat at the entrance region to the Baltic Sea to map the risk from a wreck near Sweden. The developed model can be used for oil spill risk assessment in the marine environment all over the world.
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| 8. |
- Axelsson, Karin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Developing public e-services for several stakeholders : a multifaceted view of the needs for an e-service
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceeding of the 17th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2009). - 9788861293915 ; , s. 653-664
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses how several stakeholders in a public e-service development project consider a future e-service and expected changes in administrative processes and working routines. Our findings indicate a much more multi facetted view than the common win-win situation, with increased quality for citizens and increased efficiency for agencies, which is rhetorically put forth as an effect of public e-service implementation. We have studied a development project resulting in an e-service for handling student anonymity when marking written exams in higher education. In this case we have identified five stakeholder groups related to this e-service; students, teachers, course administrators, exam guards, and the university at an agency level. All of them having certain expectations and fears about the new situation. By presenting this diversity in opinions we add further complexity to the discussion of building trust or mistrust for administration and technology when developing public e-services.
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Karin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring the importance of citizen participation and involvement in e-government projects : Practice, incentives, and organization
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Transforming Government. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1750-6166 .- 1750-6174. ; 4:4, s. 299-321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this research is to investigate if, and in that case, how and what the e-government field can learn from user participation concepts and theories in general IS research. We aim to contribute with further understanding of the importance of citizen participation and involvement within the e-government research body of knowledge and when developing public e-services in practice.Design/Methodology/Approach – The analysis in the article is made from a comparative, qualitative case study of two e-government projects. Three analysis themes are induced from the literature review; practice of participation, incentives for participation, and organization of participation. These themes are guiding the comparative analysis of our data with a concurrent openness to interpretations from the field.Findings – The main results in this article are that the e-government field can get inspiration and learn from methods and approaches in traditional IS projects concerning user participation, but in e-government we also need methods to handle the challenges that arise when designing public e-services for large, heterogeneous user groups. Citizen engagement cannot be seen as a separate challenge in e-government, but rather as an integrated part of the process of organizing, managing, and performing e-government projects. Our analysis themes of participation generated from literature; practice, incentives and organization can be used in order to highlight, analyze, and discuss main issues regarding the challenges of citizen participation within e-government. This is an important implication based on our study that contributes both to theory on and practice of e-government.Practical implications – Lessons to learn from this study concern that many e-government projects have a public e-service as one outcome and an internal e-administration system as another outcome. A dominating internal, agency perspective in such projects might imply that citizens as the user group of the e-service are only seen as passive receivers of the outcome – not as active participants in the development. By applying the analysis themes, proposed in this article, citizens as active participants can be thoroughly discussed when initiating (or evaluating) an e-government project.Originality/value – This article addresses challenges regarding citizen participation in e-government development projects. User participation is well-researched within the IS discipline, but the e-government setting implies new challenges, that are not explored enough.
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| 10. |
- Axelsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Public e-services for agency efficiency and citizen benefit : findings from a stakeholder centered analysis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Government Information Quarterly. - : Elsevier BV. - 0740-624X .- 1872-9517. ; 30:1, s. 10-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main goals of e-government are to increase agency efficiency and offer benefits to citizens. These goals have often been addressed as two interplaying outcomes of public e-service development, which are possible to achieve in parallel. This article shows that the two frequently applied stakeholders of e-government (agencies and citizens) are much too extensive and heterogeneous in order to be meaningfully addressed in public e-service conceptualization and development. We conduct a stakeholder centered analysis of a public e-service development and implementation process in order to identify stakeholder groups and discuss how they differ in their perceptions and, consequently, also in their feelings of relevance and need related to the e-service. By adopting a multi-faceted perspective on stakeholders, public e-service development can be analyzed and understood in a way that takes several stakeholder groups into account. Our study contributes with deeper insights about a situation where stakeholder salience changes over time, while some stakeholder groups have low salience during the entire process. The result of conducting a stakeholder centered analysis is that we, by visualizing the stakeholder groups' differences, are better prepared to meet and combine different needs related to a planned e-service. Thus, we argue that a stakeholder centered analysis of expectations and opinions concerning the e-service help to develop e-services possible to succeed in offering both external service and internal efficiency.
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| 11. |
- Axelsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Stakeholder Salience Changes in an e-Government Implementation Project
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Stakeholder Salience Changes in an e-Government Implementation Project. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642403576 - 9783642403583 ; , s. 237-249
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we discuss in what ways an e-government project can give both expected and unexpected effects for agency employees and their working tasks. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the fact that, besides the aim to increase agency efficiency and citizen benefit, e-government implementation might also change the salience of involved stakeholders. We do this by focusing on one stakeholder group which was reluctant and hesitating in the beginning of the studied project; marginalized, passive, easily convinced, and old-fashioned. After the e-government implementation, this group had turned to satisfied, proud, influential, active, powerful, and modern IT users. The case shows how stakeholder salience might change over time in an e-government project. Stakeholder influence aspects and IT driven change aspects are intertwined. This makes it necessary for any e-government project to address the notion of stakeholder involvement in decision-making during the development and implementation phases, but also to acknowledge e-services force to change how things and people are perceived during these phases.
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| 12. |
- Berndt, Sonja I., et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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| 13. |
- Borgbo, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of the FSH receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms (FSHR 307/680) on the follicular fluid hormone profile and the granulosa cell gene expression in human small antral follicles.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Molecular Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2407. ; 21:3, s. 255-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most pronounced effects of FSH signaling are potentially displayed in follicle fluid (FF), which acts as a reservoir for FSH induced granulosa cell (GC) secreted hormones. This study investigates the effects of two common polymorphisms of FSHR, FSHR 307 (rs6165) and FSHR 680 (rs6166), by evaluating the hormone and gene expression profiles of human small antral follicles collected under physiological conditions in connection with fertility preservation. In total 69 women at various time during the menstrual cycle was included in this study. The intrafollicular hormone content of 179 FF and the gene expression levels of 85 GC samples were correlated to the genotype of both FSHR polymorphisms. The following parameters were evaluated: follicle diameter, levels of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), progesterone, oestradiol, testosterone and androstenedione, and gene expression levels of FSHR, luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), androgen receptor (AR), aromatase cytochrome p450 (CYP19A1,) AMH and AMH receptor II (AMHR2). There was 100 % concordance between the FSHR 307 and the FSHR 680 genotypes: A/A (p.307Thr/Thr and p.680Asn/Asn), A/G (p.307Thr/Ala and p.680Asn/Ser), and G/G (p.307Ala/Ala and p.680Ser/Ser). Considering all follicles, compared to the other genotypes the G/G genotype was associated with significantly elevated gene expression levels for LHR, while AMHR2 gene expression levels were significantly reduced. In follicles 3-6 mm in diameter LHR gene expression was significantly increased, whereas AMH gene expression was significantly reduced for the G/G genotype. In follicles>6 mm, oestradiol and CYP19A1 gene expression levels were significantly higher for the G/G genotype. In conclusion, significant changes were observed between the FSHR 307/680 polymorphisms in human small antral follicles collected under physiological FSH conditions.
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| 14. |
- Borgbo, Tanni, et al.
(författare)
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Genotyping common FSHR polymorphisms based on competitive amplification of differentially melting amplicons (CADMA).
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1058-0468 .- 1573-7330. ; 31:11, s. 1427-1436
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide an improved platform for simple, reliable, and cost-effective genotyping. Modern fertility treatments are becoming increasingly individualized in an attempt to optimise the follicular response and reproductive outcome, following controlled ovarian stimulation. As the field of pharmacogenetics evolve, genetic biomarkers such as polymorphisms of the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) may be included as a predictive tool for individualized fertility treatment. However, the currently available genotyping methods are expensive, time-consuming or have a limited analytical sensitivity. Here, we present a novel version of "competitive amplification of differentially melting amplicons" (CADMA), providing an improved platform for simple, reliable, and cost-effective genotyping. Two CADMA based assays were designed for the two common polymorphisms of the FSHR gene: rs6165 (c.919A > G, p. Thr307Ala, FSHR 307) and rs6166 (c.2039A > G, p. Asn680Ser, FSHR 680). To evaluate the reliability of the new CADMA-based assays, the genotyping results were compared with two conventional PCR based genotyping methods; allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and Sanger sequencing. The genotype frequencies for both polymorphisms were 35 % (TT), 42 % (CT), and 23 % (CC), respectively. A 100 % accordance was observed between the CADMA-based genotyping results and sequencing results, whereas 5 discrepancies were observed between the AS-PCR results and the CADMA-based genotyping results. Comparing the CADMA-based assays to (AS-PCR) and Sanger sequencing, the CADMA based assays showed an improved analytical sensitivity and a wider applicability. The new assays provide a reliable, fast and user-friendly genotyping method facilitating a wider implication in clinical practise.
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| 15. |
- Distel, Bettina, et al.
(författare)
-
A matter of perspective: Conceptualizing the role of citizens in E-government based on value positions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Government Information Quarterly. - : Elsevier. - 0740-624X .- 1872-9517. ; 40:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citizens are oftentimes the central unit of analysis in e-government research and treated as one of the stakeholders receiving the most benefits from public sector digitalization. Still, they are mostly described in generalterms, and it remains unclear what roles they can assume in relation to e-government. Different understandingsof the citizens’ role in e-government may impact research, because they entail different axioms mainly in relationto the technological frame for e-government but also for the citizens’ relationship to public sector organizationsin general. The aim of this article is to investigate and conceptualize the citizens’ role in e-government based onpublic value positions. We depart from Rose et al.’s (2015) framework of value positions for managing e-government. After reviewing and analyzing extensive research on e-government, we use this framework tocontribute a clarification of the citizens’ role in each value position. Our analysis shows that the ideal citizen isconceptualized differently across the four value positions; ranging from an external entity that should servicethemselves using digital self-services, to an engaged agent that should be actively involved in policy making andservice delivery. In addition to this new perspective on the citizens’ role in e-government, we contribute with anextension of the public value positions framework. The extended framework presented in this article makes thesedifferences visible and we discuss consequences of the citizens’ role in e-government for other dimensions of theframework.
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| 16. |
- Distel, Bettina, et al.
(författare)
-
Who Are the Users of Digital Public Services? : A Critical Reflection on Differences in the Treatment of Citizens as 'Users' in e-government Research
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Electronic Participation. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030273972 - 9783030273965 ; , s. 117-129
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the importance of citizens as users of digital public services, e-government research has not explicitly considered different perspectives on citizens as users of said services. This paper sets out to explore the possible variations in which the citizen as a user of digital public services is conceptualized within the e-government literature. Through a qualitative and interpretive approach, we have analysed literature from different fields of e-government research to create an overview of how citizens as users of digital public services are conceptualized in e-government research. The structure of the review departs from, and is framed by, four established value paradigms for e-government management. Our approach reveals that – depending on the perspective taken – the conceptualization of the citizen varies considerably and, as a consequence, may impact the results and contributions of each research perspective. The conception of the citizen as a user of digital public services varies from being a passive recipient of government services, to being an active co-producer of services. This article contributes to e-government theory by unboxing the conceptions of citizens as users of digital public services that are existent in current research on digital public services. In providing a framework that relates these conceptions to previously known value paradigms, the article offers a starting point for taking a multidimensional perspective in e-government research that considers the citizen as a multifaceted and heterogeneous entity.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
-
EGOV-CeDEM-ePart-JP 2023Ongoing Research, Practitioners, Posters, Workshops, and Projects at EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2023 : Joint Proceedings of Ongoing Research, Practitioners, Posters, Workshops, and Projects at EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2023co-located with the International Conference EGOV-CeDEM-ePart (EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2023)
- 2023
-
Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2023 conference, or for short EGOV2023, is now in the sixth year of itsexistence after the successful merger of three formerly independent conferences, e.g., the IFIP WG 8.5Electronic Government (EGOV), the Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government Conference(CeDEM), and the IFIP WG 8.5 IFIP Electronic Participation (ePart). This larger, united conference is dedicated to a broad area of digital or electronic government, open government, smart governance, artificial intelligence, e-democracy, policy informatics, and electronic participation. Scholars from around the world have found this conference to be a premier academic forum with a long traditionalong its various branches, which has given the EGOV-CeDEM-ePart conference its reputation as the leading conference worldwide in the research domains of digital/electronic, open, and smart government as well as electronic participation.
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| 19. |
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Electronic Government : 18th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2019, San Benedetto Del Tronto, Italy, September 2–4, 2019, Proceedings
- 2019
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference on Electronic Government, EGOV 2019, held in San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy, in September 2019, in conjunction with the IFIP WG 8.5 IFIP International Conference on Electronic Participation (ePart 2019) and the International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government Conference (CeDEM 2019).The 27 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The papers are clustered under the following topical sections: E-Government Foundations; E-Government Services and Open Government; Open Data: Social and Technical Aspects; AI, Data Analytics and Automated Decision Making; and Smart Cities.
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| 20. |
-
Electronic Government : 19th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2020 Linköping, Sweden, August 31 - September 2, 2020 Proceedings
- 2020
-
Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book constitutes the proceedings of the 19th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference on Electronic Government, EGOV 2020, held in Linköping, Sweden, in August/September 2020, in conjunction with the IFIP WG 8.5 IFIP International Conference on Electronic Participation (ePart 2020) and the International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government Conference (CeDEM 2020). The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.The 30 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 118 submissions. The papers are clustered under the following topical sections: e-government foundations; e-government services and open government; open data: social and technical aspects; AI, data analytics, and automated decision making; and smart cities.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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Electronic Government : 20th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2021, Granada, Spain, September 7–9, 2021, Proceedings
- 2021
-
Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference on Electronic Government, EGOV 2021, held in Granada, Spain, in September 2021, in conjunction with the IFIP WG 8.5 IFIP International Conference on Electronic Participation (ePart 2021) and the International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government Conference (CeDEM 2021).The 23 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. The papers are clustered under the following topical sections: digital transformation; digital services and open government; open data: social and technical perspectives; smart cities; and data analytics, decision making, and artificial intelligence.
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| 23. |
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Electronic Government : 22nd IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2023, Budapest, Hungary, September 5–7, 2023, Proceedings
- 2023
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference on Electronic Government, EGOV 2023, which took place in Budapest, Hungary, during September 5–7, 2023.The 28 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 106 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Digital government; artificial intelligence, algorithms, and automation; open government and open data; smart cities, regions, and societies; innovation and transformation in government.
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| 24. |
- Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Miljörisker sjunkna vrak
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetet med en nationell strategi för hantering av miljöfarliga vrak påbörjades 2007 med Statskontorets utredning Vrak och ägarlösa båtar, men ingen enskild myndighet har tilldelats övergripande ansvar för vrakfrågan. Utöver ansvarsfrågan har också förväntade höga kostnader för inspektion och sanering av vrak fördröjt det fortsatta arbetet. Ett steg närmare en nationell strategi redovisas här genom regeringsuppdraget Miljörisker sjunkna vrak. Genom samordning och ökat informationsutbyte mellan berörda myndigheter finns stor potential att minska de förväntade kostnaderna för inspektion av vrak och omgivande miljö. Om den föreslagna strategin antas, beräknas informationsläget avseende vraken att snabbt förbättras så att det år 2030 inte längre finns några potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak i svenska vatten.Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) och Naturvårdsverket har idag delat ansvar för övervakning och åtgärdande av miljögifter i marin miljö. Mot denna bakgrund hade det varit naturligt att låta HaV få ett övergripande ansvar för hantering av miljöfarliga vrak. Genom flexibelt upplägg avseende tidsramar bedöms övervakning och inspektion av potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak kunna utföras genom att HaV ger de berörda myndigheterna uppdrag; kartering och sjömätning (Sjöfartsverket), ROV och dykinspektion (Kustbevakningen och/eller Försvarsmakten), sediment- och bottenförhållanden (Statens geologiska undersökning). En förutsättning är dock väl fungerande samverkan och kommunikation mellan berörda myndigheter. Existerande plattformar för detta finns redan på såväl operativ nivå i form av Projekt ”Sjöstjärnan” - samordning och samverkan mellan myndigheter avseende information och inhämtning av djup- och bottendata; respektive högsta ledningsnivå i form av Samordningsgruppen för havs- och vattenmiljöfrågor (SamHav).Enligt Sjöfartsverkets tidigare inventering (Miljörisker från fartygsvrak, 2011) finns det utmed Sveriges kust knappt tre tusen vrak som inte kan avskrivas utan vidare informationsinhämtning. Drygt trehundra av dessa klassades som potentiellt miljöfarliga. Av dessa har 31 listats som de sannolikt mest miljöfarliga vraken. Listan över de 31 vraken har därför varit utgångspunkt för projektet Miljörisker sjunkna vrak, vars syfte var att ta fram en metod för prioritering och inspektion av potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak.Undervattensinspektion av vrak är kostsamt och kostnaden ökar kraftigt om vrakets läge är otillgängligt. Av de 31 vraken valdes därför nio relativt lättillgängliga vrak ut för noggrannare arkivstudier, samt sjömätning. Utifrån informationen från arkivstudierna och sjömätningen gjordes ett ytterligare urval om fyra vrak (Altnes, Skytteren, Thetis och Villon), vilka även inspekterades med ROV och/eller dykare. Huvudsyftet var att, inför och under arbetet med inspektionerna, utarbeta Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) som framgent kan användas som stöd inför kommande operationer rörande potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak.Under arbetet med inspektionerna observerades inte några pågående läckage av olja från vraken. Trots denna positiva information är det viktigt att komma ihåg att endast bevis på tomma tankar kan fullt ut avskriva vraken från listan över potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak. Även om det under projektets fältarbete inte observerades läckage av olja, finns dokumenterade läckage sedan tidigare (senast 2008-04-26) för Skytteren. Noterbart är också att Kustbevakningen 2014-06-29, fick rycka ut för att omhänderta olja som börjat läcka efter vraket Immen, norr om Gotska Sandön. Immen var inte med bland fallstudieobjekten i projektet.I tillägg till undervattensinspektion placerades strömmätningsutrustning ut vid vraken Skytteren och Villon. Strömdata kan sedan användas för att modellera ett hypotetiskt spill av olja från ett vrak och ge en indikation på var läckage av olja kan tänkas påverka den marina miljön negativt. Exempel på sådana negativa effekter kan vara försämrad förmåga hos sedimentlevande organismer att omsätta näringsämnen, vilket i sin tur kan påverka hela det marina ekosystemet. Strömdata är också ett viktigt underlag för utformning av övervakningsprogram, exempelvis med passiva provtagare för att detektera läckage av miljöfarlig substans från vrak.Samtlig insamlad data kommer att användas för att validera riskbedömningsverktyget VRAKA, som möjliggör resurseffektiv prioritering av vilka vrak som bör undersökas och/eller saneras. VRAKA, SOPs för inspektion, samt tillgång till specifik kompetens för utvärdering av samtliga resultat är nyckelelement för att kunna presentera en tillförlitlig riskbedömning av potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak. Havs- och vattenmyndigheten skulle kunna vara lämplig myndighet med huvudansvar för miljöfarliga vrak, i operativ samverkan med övriga berörda myndigheter.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Miljörisker sjunkna vrak II. Undersökningsmetoder och miljöaspekter
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During 2015 the Swedish Maritime Administration continued the second phase of thegovernmental task Environmental risks from sunken wrecks which first report was finalized2014-10-31 (Dnr: 1399-14-01942-6).The main conclusions from the 2014 report remain; for future handling of potentially pollutingshipwrecks it is recommended that the Swedish Agency for Water and Marine Management isgiven a coordinating responsibility in close cooperation with other competent nationalauthorities, such as Swedish Maritime Administration, Swedish Coastguard, Swedish NationalMaritime Museums, the Geological Survey of Sweden, SMHI, Swedish EPA, and SwedishCivil Contingencies Agency. Through coordination of wreck related operations and activitieswithin the concerned competent authorities’ ordinary areas of responsibility, resourceefficiency is improved. The estimated extra cost for implementation of a national strategy forhandling of the wrecks are estimated to be 10-15 MSEK which should be allocated to thecompetent authorities by the Swedish Agency for Water and Marine Management.The conclusions from 2014 was reinforced during 2015, e.g. through the validation of the riskassessment model VRAKA, which is now available in a first operative version. Additionalecotoxicological experiments on the development of tolerance against PAHs in meiofauna andmicroorganism communities were conducted in a field study in Brofjorden. The mainconclusions from this work is that comprehensive analyzes of PAHs should include alkylatedPAHs, and that exposure to PAHs over time can lead to tolerance development in ammoniumoxidizing bacteria, at the expense of their ability to perform the essential ecosystem servicenitrification.Continued measurements of the bottom currents were made at the wrecks Villon and Skytteren,and at the dumping area west of Måseskär. Measurement series yielded important informationon how measuring equipment at the wreck can be deployed in an optimized way in futuremonitoring program; to calculate the possible spreading of pollution from a wreck, currentmeasurements should be performed upstream from the wreck site, while sensors for thedetection of, for example, oil should be put into the turbulence downstream of the wreck.The current measurement instruments (RDCP) deployed at the Måseskär dump site was trawledup after only three weeks of measurements, but still gave valuable information on the extensivebottom trawling that resuspend (stir up) sediments. Earlier geochemical surveys have shownsignificantly elevated arsenic concentrations in the area and sediment resuspension greatlyincreased the risk for spread of any contaminants in the area. Trawling is not prohibited in thearea, and the current lack of knowledge regarding potential effects on human health whenconsuming seafood from dump areas calls for reflection upon the suitability of trawling in thearea.In addition to the current measurements Swedish Maritime Administration and the SwedishNavy conducted hydrographic survey with multibeam and side scan sonar and ROVinvestigation of the wrecks in the dumping area at Måseskär. 28 wrecks were found, and ROVinvestigation showed cargo holds with dumped torpedoes or mines and other containers in some SjöfartsverketDnr: 1399-14-01942-156of the wrecks. There is some discrepancy between the previously measured elevated arsenicconcentrations in the Måseskär area and recently presented data from historical archives thatdoes not support the theory that chemical weapons were dumped in the area. However, there isa very good correlation between the dominant current direction in the area, and the highestmeasured arsenic concentrations in the area downstream of the wrecks, suggesting some formof arsenic source in the area.
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| 27. |
- Heid, Iris M, et al.
(författare)
-
Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 949-960
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁹ to P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴⁰) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10⁻³ to P = 1.2 × 10⁻¹³). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.
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| 28. |
- Holgersson, Jesper, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring User Participation Practice in Public E-Service Development : Why, How and in Whose Interest?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The Electronic Journal of e-Government. - : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 1479-439X. ; 16:1, s. 72-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- User participation is seen as an important enabler for successful public e-service development. However, at the same time development of public e-services is still often characterised by an internal government perspective with little consideration for external users’ perspectives. This paper challenges the overly positive attitude that is surrounding user participation in e-government research. The paper aims to illustrate and problematize various aspects that influence why, how, and in whose interest user participation is conducted in public e-service development. First, via a literature review, we identify a set of dimensions for critically exploring how, why, and in whose interest user participation is conducted in public e-service development projects. Second, we use these dimensions in order to characterise and analyse three empirical public e-service development cases in order to test the utility, usefulness, and feasibility of the identified dimensions. Our findings highlight the importance of questioning and elaborating on the motives behind user participation (the why) in public e-service development. We also identify two basic forms of how user participation is addressed in public e-service development projects: 1) veneered participation, and 2) ad-hoc participation. Furthermore, we argue that any decisions made regarding user participation in public e-service development should be based on conscious and informed choices concerning why user participation is needed and what it may bring for different stakeholders and their interests.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Holgersson, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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NOT ANOTHER NEW WINE IN THE SAME OLD BOTTLES : MOTIVATORS AND INNOVATION IN LOCALGOVERNMENT E-SERVICE DEVELOPMENT
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). - : Association for Information Systems. - 9789892076553 ; , s. 691-702
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- E-services hold the potential to innovate how the public sector operates, and to increase the transparencyof public services. Numerous research initiatives have illustrated the innovation power of eservices;with new technology and new solutions to existing problems. Research on this topic also emphasizesthat in order for public e-services to reach their full potential, they need to be designed in away that users find useful and beneficiary. Interestingly, in practice, only fragments of this claimedinnovation seem to take place. Today, most public e-services launched are merely electronic versionsof existing services with no, or very low, degree of innovation. In this paper, we analyse empirical datafrom local government e-service providers. The aim is to explore the current practices in local governmente-service development with respect to how aspects related to innovative and high quality serviceprovisioning are handled. In doing so, we analyse what basic motivators there are for local governmentsto offer e-services in the first place, and how such motivators influence innovation in localgovernment e-service development. The analysis concludes that local governments are facing a challengingsituation in terms of a general lack of resources regarding time, competence, and skills, aswell as a dispersed user segment where needs and wills often are hard to grasp. Furthermore, localgovernments are facing conflicting interests and agendas. At the end of the day, the heights of innovationare then hard to achieve. We call for further research on the applicability of previous researchfindings in other research areas in order to promote more innovative e-service provisioning.
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| 31. |
- Horikoshi, Momoko, et al.
(författare)
-
Discovery and Fine-Mapping of Glycaemic and Obesity-Related Trait Loci Using High-Density Imputation.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 11:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reference panels from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) Project Consortium provide near complete coverage of common and low-frequency genetic variation with minor allele frequency ≥0.5% across European ancestry populations. Within the European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology (ENGAGE) Consortium, we have undertaken the first large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), supplemented by 1000G imputation, for four quantitative glycaemic and obesity-related traits, in up to 87,048 individuals of European ancestry. We identified two loci for body mass index (BMI) at genome-wide significance, and two for fasting glucose (FG), none of which has been previously reported in larger meta-analysis efforts to combine GWAS of European ancestry. Through conditional analysis, we also detected multiple distinct signals of association mapping to established loci for waist-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (RSPO3) and FG (GCK and G6PC2). The index variant for one association signal at the G6PC2 locus is a low-frequency coding allele, H177Y, which has recently been demonstrated to have a functional role in glucose regulation. Fine-mapping analyses revealed that the non-coding variants most likely to drive association signals at established and novel loci were enriched for overlap with enhancer elements, which for FG mapped to promoter and transcription factor binding sites in pancreatic islets, in particular. Our study demonstrates that 1000G imputation and genetic fine-mapping of common and low-frequency variant association signals at GWAS loci, integrated with genomic annotation in relevant tissues, can provide insight into the functional and regulatory mechanisms through which their effects on glycaemic and obesity-related traits are mediated.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Jansson, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
-
Putting "Public" Back Into Public E-services: A Conceptual Discussion
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Electronic Government and Electronic Participation. - : Trauner Verlag Universitat. - 9783990330326 ; , s. 202-214
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents attempts to contribute to the conceptual refinement of e-government and public e-services by discussing the concept of “public” in relation to public e-services. It does so by building on perspectives from political science and public administration. Bridging the gap to insights made in previous research is here regarded as vital in order to contribute to conceptual, theoretical and practical development of public e-services. In turn, the paper serves as part of on-going research that contributes to the formulation of a wider conceptual framework concerning the essence of public e-services. By putting the “public” of public e-services in the foreground, public e-services are here viewed as a matter of access to governments and governmental output. Consequently, depending on issues such as usability and availability, public e-services can be conceptualized as either the swing door or gatekeeper to public services.
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| 34. |
- Johansson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Impacts of RPA on employees skill variety
- 2020
-
Ingår i: AMCIS 2020 PROCEEDINGS. - : ASSOC INFORMATION SYSTEMS. - 9781733632546
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a literature review on automation and robotic process automation (RPA). The review is developed into a conceptual framework that is grounded in a job characteristics model. The framework is used for analyzing empirical data from eleven semi-structured interviews in organizations that has adopted RPA. The research question explored is: How do employees perceive changes that Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has on their job characteristics? From the empirical data some conclusions can be drawn; the main conclusion being that the use of RPA has generated effects for the job characteristic "skill variety". In line with the literature, this conclusion suggests that RPA results in an upskilling, and that employees perceive an increased level of job enlargement, as well as job satisfaction, due to these changes.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Joshi, Peter K, et al.
(författare)
-
Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 523:7561, s. 459-462
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
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| 38. |
- Juell-Skielse, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards Service Automation in Public Organizations
- 2022. - 1
-
Ingår i: Service Automation in the Public Sector. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030926434 - 9783030926441 ; , s. 3-10
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This title aims at presenting the latest advancements and findings from research on service automation in public sector organizations. The authors of the chapters use a mix of social- and technical approaches to increase our understanding of public service automation. The chapters present and discuss the conceptualization of automation of service in public organizations, empirical examples of automation applications in public organizations, and implementation challenges that can arise from public sector service automation. The overall ambition is to aid and inspire researchers and practitioners to advance their knowledge on service automation in public organizations, as well as to provide a foundation for policy development and future research. In this introductory chapter, we give a brief overview of the included chapters. We then synthesize a set of gaps in the current understanding of service automation in public organizations and provide suggestions for future research. We conclude that there is a continued need to observe and learn from empirical examples and a want for more critical studies on the social- and societal consequences of increased service automation in public organizations.
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| 39. |
- Justice, Anne E., et al.
(författare)
-
Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:3, s. 452-469
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF >= 5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF < 5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants.
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| 40. |
- Konki, Mikko, et al.
(författare)
-
Peripheral blood DNA methylation differences in twin pairs discordant for Alzheimer's disease.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Clinical Epigenetics. - : BioMed Central. - 1868-7083 .- 1868-7075. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease results from a neurodegenerative process that starts well before the diagnosis can be made. New prognostic or diagnostic markers enabling early intervention into the disease process would be highly valuable. Environmental and lifestyle factors largely modulate the disease risk and may influence the pathogenesis through epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation. As environmental and lifestyle factors may affect multiple tissues of the body, we hypothesized that the disease-associated DNA methylation signatures are detectable in the peripheral blood of discordant twin pairs.RESULTS: Comparison of 23 disease discordant Finnish twin pairs with reduced representation bisulfite sequencing revealed peripheral blood DNA methylation differences in 11 genomic regions with at least 15.0% median methylation difference and FDR adjusted p value ≤ 0.05. Several of the affected genes are primarily associated with neuronal functions and pathologies and do not display disease-associated differences in gene expression in blood. The DNA methylation mark in ADARB2 gene was found to be differentially methylated also in the anterior hippocampus, including entorhinal cortex, of non-twin cases and controls. Targeted bisulfite pyrosequencing of the DNA methylation mark in ADARB2 gene in 62 Finnish and Swedish twin pairs revealed that, in addition to the disease status, DNA methylation of this region is influenced by gender, age, zygosity, APOE genotype, and smoking. Further analysis of 120 Swedish twin pairs indicated that this specific DNA methylation mark is not predictive for Alzheimer's disease and becomes differentially methylated after disease onset.CONCLUSIONS: DNA methylation differences can be detected in the peripheral blood of twin pairs discordant for Alzheimer's disease. These DNA methylation signatures may have value as disease markers and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. We found no evidence that the DNA methylation marks would be associated with gene expression in blood. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential importance of the associated genes in neuronal functions and to validate the prognostic or diagnostic value of the individual marks or marker panels.
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| 41. |
- Källquist, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Operando ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy of solid/liquid interfaces in Li-ion batteries
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) is combined with electrochemistry (EC) to investigate the interface between the liquid electrolyte and the solid electrode in Li-ion battery (LIB) cells. The combination of these techniques is promising for further understanding the functionality of LIB interfaces, but it is also associated with several experimental challenges. In this work a functional EC-cell which allows for probing the solid/liquid interface is achieved by the dip-and-pull method. Two systems consisting of a 1M LiClO4 in propylene carbonate electrolyte and a sputter deposited lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) or lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) thin film electrode are investigated. A methodology for combined EC/APPES measurements is proposed, where continuously changing the measurement spot is necessary to avoid accumulation of surface species during X-ray exposure. The APPES spectra from the LCO and NMC electrodes show binding energy (BE) shifts depending on applied voltage. It is argued that this is related to the lithiation of the material, as the BE shifts are found to coincide with expected phase transitions to more conductive phases. The experimental data is compared to results from supercell DFT calculations modelling the bulk material. The opposite trends observed in the experimental and computational approaches indicate the importance of an accurate treatment of the exchange for a proper description of the oxidation states of the Co atoms and their corresponding core-level shifts.
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| 42. |
- Källquist, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Potentials in Li-Ion Batteries Probed by Operando Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 14:5, s. 6465-6475
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The important electrochemical processes in a battery happen at the solid/liquid interfaces. Operando ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) is one tool to study these processes with chemical specificity. However, accessing this crucial interface and identifying the interface signal are not trivial. Therefore, we present a measurement setup, together with a suggested model, exemplifying how APPES can be used to probe potential differences over the electrode/electrolyte interface, even without direct access to the interface. Both the change in electron electrochemical potential over the solid/liquid interface, and the change in Li chemical potential of the working electrode (WE) surface at Li-ion equilibrium can be probed. Using a Li4Ti5O12 composite as a WE, our results show that the shifts in kinetic energy of the electrolyte measured by APPES can be correlated to the electrochemical reactions occurring at the WE/electrolyte interface. Different shifts in kinetic energy are seen depending on if a phase transition reaction occurs or if a single phase is lithiated. The developed methodology can be used to evaluate charge transfer over the WE/electrolyte interface as well as the lithiation/delithiation mechanism of the WE.
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| 43. |
- Källquist, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Probing Electrochemical Potential Differences over the Solid/Liquid Interface in Li-Ion Battery Model Systems.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:28, s. 32989-32996
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrochemical potential difference (Δμ̅) is the driving force for the transfer of a charged species from one phase to another in a redox reaction. In Li-ion batteries (LIBs), Δμ̅ values for both electrons and Li-ions play an important role in the charge-transfer kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Because of the lack of suitable measurement techniques, little is known about how Δμ̅ affects the redox reactions occurring at the solid/liquid interfaces during LIB operation. Herein, we outline the relations between different potentials and show how ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) can be used to follow changes in Δμ̅e over the solid/liquid interfaces operando by measuring the kinetic energy (KE) shifts of the electrolyte core levels. The KE shift versus applied voltage shows a linear dependence of ∼1 eV/V during charging of the electrical double layer and during solid electrolyte interphase formation. This agrees with the expected results for an ideally polarizable interface. During lithiation, the slope changes drastically. We propose a model to explain this based on charge transfer over the solid/liquid interface.
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| 44. |
- Landquist, Hanna, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
A fault tree model to assess probability of contaminant discharge from shipwrecks
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 88:1-2, s. 239-248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shipwrecks on the sea floor around the world may contain hazardous substances that can cause harm to the marine environment. Today there are no comprehensive methods for environmental risk assessment of shipwrecks, and thus there is poor support for decision-making on prioritization of mitigation measures. The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for quantitative risk estimation of potentially polluting shipwrecks, and in particular an estimation of the annual probability of hazardous substance discharge. The assessment of the probability of discharge is performed using fault tree analysis, facilitating quantification of the probability with respect to a set of identified hazardous events. This approach enables a structured assessment providing transparent uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. The model facilitates quantification of risk, quantification of the uncertainties in the risk calculation and identification of parameters to be investigated further in order to obtain a more reliable risk calculation.
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| 45. |
- Landquist, Hanna, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Risk Assessment of Shipwrecks: a fault-tree model to assess probability of contaminant release
- 2012
-
Ingår i: SETAC North America 33rd Annual Meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- RP247 Environmental risk assessment for shipwrecks: a fault-tree model to assess probability of contaminant release H. Landquist, I. Hassellov, Chalmers University of Technology / Shipping and Marine Technology; L. Rosen, Chalmers University of Technology / Civil and Environmental Engineering; F. Lindgren, Chalmers University of Technology / Shipping and Marine Technology; I. Dahllof, The University of Gothenburg; T. Norberg, Chalmers University of Technology / Mathematical Sciences; A. Lindhe, Chalmers University of Technology / Civil and Environmental Engineering. Shipwrecks lying on the sea floor around the world may contain hazardous substances which can cause harm to the maritime environment. Today there are no comprehensive methods for environmental risk assessment of shipwrecks and thus there is poor support for decision-making on prioritisation of mitigation measures. The purpose of this study has been to develop a framework for risk assessment of potentially polluting shipwrecks, focusing on a detailed probabilistic assessment of the release of hazardous substances. The framework is based on international standards for risk management and the assessment of the probability for release was done using fault-tree analysis. This approach enables a structure assessment and provides an excellent possibility of uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. The fault tree model was tested by groups of experts in the field of maritime administration, maritime archaeology and in other areas to validate the method. The developed framework facilitates risk assessment of potentially polluting shipwrecks and can support risk management as well as provide well founded input for decision-making. In particular the fault-tree analysis provides a quantitative method for assessing the probability of leakage and can facilitate uncertainty and sensitivity analyses.
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| 46. |
- Landquist, Hanna, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the needs of risk assessment methods of potentially polluting shipwrecks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 119, s. 85-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shipwrecks deteriorate and the probability of a release of oil increases with time on the sea floor. The potential leakage is a risk to the marine environment and may also have social and economic consequences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate existing methods for risk assessment of shipwrecks and suggest a generic risk assessment framework. A risk assessment is necessary for providing decision support on remediation actions and thus enabling an efficient use of available resources. Existing risk assessment methods aimed for assessing shipwrecks were evaluated by comparison to relevant parts of an international standard on risk management. The comparison showed that existing methods lack several key components of risk assessment procedures. None of the evaluated methods provide a comprehensive risk assessment for potentially polluting shipwrecks and few take into account uncertainty and sensitivity. Furthermore, there is a need to develop risk assessment methods considering long-term effects of continuous release of oil into the marine environment. Finally, a generic comprehensive framework for risk assessment of shipwrecks is suggested.
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| 47. |
- Landquist, Hanna, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Expert elicitation for deriving input data for probabilistic risk assessment of shipwrecks
- 2017
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 125:1-2, s. 399-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The necessity of having a process in place for adequate risk assessment of shipwrecks that pose a threat to the marine environment is today internationally acknowledged. However, retrieving the desired data for such a risk assessment can prove challenging. One means of addressing this problem is to make use of experts' knowledge and experience. The purpose of this paper is therefore to present and analyse data for risk assessment of shipwrecks derived by expert elicitation. The main outcome is the experts' estimations of (i) the generic probability of an opening in a shipwreck due to the occurrence of a number of activities and (ii) estimations of the degree to which site-specific and wreck-specific indicators affect the probability of opening. Results show that the derived information is applicable in probabilistic shipwreck risk assessment and that the VRAKA framework now contains needed information for integrating generic and site-specific information using Bayesian updating.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Lango Allen, Hana, et al.
(författare)
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Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 467:7317, s. 832-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits, but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait. The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways.
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| 50. |
- Lindgren, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Acid sulfate soils and their impact on surface water quality on the Swedish west coast
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-5818. ; 40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study region: Halland county, located on the Swedish west coast, with a special focus on the area around Ramsjö canal (Falkenberg municipality). Study focus: This study contributes to the understanding of the development of active acid sulfate soils and environmental consequences of leaching from these soils in an area without previous investigations. Samples taken from different soil profiles in an agricultural area and water samples from the agricultural drainage system were analysed in pH, electrical conductivity, and metal concentrations. To evaluate the on-site situation, the results of the soils sample analysis were compared to the national soil classification system and the water samples to areas in northern Europe affected by acid sulfate soils. New hydrological insights for the region: The results prove the existence of active acid sulfate soils in a coastal area in Halland. In the study region, acid sulfate soils were discovered in an agricultural area of drained wetland and peatland. Water samples taken from the drainage system and a man-made canal flowing into Kattegat Sea have low pH combined with high electrical conductivity and increased metal concentrations. This is a direct consequence of intensive leaching from the discovered acid sulfate soils in that area. Therefore, this is the first case study proofing the existence of acid sulfate soils and highlighting their environmental impact on surface water quality on the Swedish west coast (i.e. outside the Baltic Basin).
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