| 1. |
- Aronsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Inactivation of microorganisms using pulsed electric fields : The influence of process parameters on Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2001
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Ingår i: Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. - 1466-8564 .- 1878-5522. ; 2:1, s. 41-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the killing effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on four organisms suspended in a model medium. Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae differ in size, shape and cell wall construction. The electric field strength, pulse duration and number of pulses were varied in the ranges of 25-35 kV/cm, 2-4 ?s and 20-40 pulses, respectively. The results showed that S. cerevisiae was the most sensitive organism with a 6-log reduction, followed by E. coli with a 5.4-log reduction, when they were exposed to 30 kV/cm, and 20 pulses with 4 ?s duration. The most resistant organisms were L. innocua and L. mesenteroides with only a 3-log reduction, however, by increasing the parameters to 35 kV/cm and 40 pulses with 4 ?s pulse duration; marked viability reductions of 8 and 7 log, respectively, were observed. Heat, which is generated during the process, has limited killing effect on the cells, hence the observed reduction can be ascribed to the PEF treatment. Although transmission electron microscopy of PEF treated cells did not confirm membrane damage, observations suggest that PEF treatments have profound direct or indirect effects on the intracellular organisation of microorganisms. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Belancic, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Creating Sami language spaces in a Sami classroom
- 2022
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Ingår i: Dutkansearvvi dieđalaš áigečála. - 2489-7930. ; :2, s. 5-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teaching Indigenous languages can be supported by culturally sensitive teaching that is grounded in the Indigenous culture, values, and language. In the Sami context in Sweden, culturally sensitive teaching can be connected to the local culture and place, and may enable teachers to construct knowledge together with students and to enhance cultural and language learning, but there are also potential obstacles that may interfere with the culturally sensitive approach. In this paper, we explore how spaces for authentic language learning can be created in a Sami language classroom from the perspective of a Sami language teacher. Using semistructured interviews, we draw on Keskitalo’s framework for Sami pedagogy to discuss factors that support or hinder the development of spaces for Sami language use in the classroom. Based on our analysis, we argue that the creation of an authentic Sami language space is supported by positive attitudes and valuing the Sami epistemologies. At the same time, creating authentic Sami language spaces is hindered by limited self-determination and the liminal position of the Sami language in relation to Swedish.
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| 3. |
- Belancic, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Discourses of functional bilingualism in the Sami curriculum in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1367-0050 .- 1747-7522. ; 23:5, s. 601-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sami are Indigenous languages spoken by the Sami people in the northern parts of Scandinavia and Russia. All Sami languages are endangered because of historically aggressive assimilation policies. Currently Sami communities are working actively with language revitalisation processes. This article examines pupils’ access to knowledge in and about Sami languages and functional bilingualism in Sami and Swedish within the curriculum for the Sami schools in Sweden. Through a multifaceted lens of functional linguistic analysis, Bloom’s revised taxonomy of knowledge types and processes, and Bernstein’s concepts of vertical and horizontal discourse we examine the learning outcomes in the Sami and Swedish syllabi. The findings show an unequal balance between the two languages with the Sami syllabus containing fewer knowledge types, cognitive processes, verb processes, a stronger focus on oracy, and a stronger horizontal discourse than the Swedish syllabus. We conclude that the discourses about functional bilingualism that underpin these policy documents is contradictory and does not support Sami to be a fully functional language for all domains of society.
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| 4. |
- Belancic, Kristina, 1986-
(författare)
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Language policy and Sámi education in Sweden : ideological and implementational spaces for Sámi language use
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sámi schools in Sweden, the use of the Sámi languages and Swedish as languages of instruction is regulated by government and education policy; legislation allows Sámi and Swedish to be used for teaching and learning. However, agency and personal beliefs about Sámi languages play important roles in language use. Indeed, ideological and implementational spaces can be opened or closed, and support or hinder the use of Sámi languages.This thesis explores language use in Sámi schools through a multidimensional qualitative lens of questionnaires, educational policy documents, interviews, and participatory observations. In this way, the multilingual practices of Sámi schools are analyzed and the factors contributing to the creation, opening, and closing of ideological and implementational spaces for Sámi language use are identified.At the policy level, access to knowledge in and about Sámi and to support functional bilingualism opens spaces for Sámi language use. Whereas the unbalanced access to Sámi and Swedish knowledge, fewer Sámi teaching hours, and no national tests in Sámi close spaces for Sámi language use. At the grassroots level, teachers identified the combination of place and play as a facilitator for Sámi language use with the potential to open spaces for language use that support pupils’ willingness to use Sámi. For pupils, positive attitudes towards Sámi are connected with open spaces for Sámi language use. In contrast, negative attitudes towards Sámi are connected with few opportunities to use Sámi, resulting in closed spaces for Sámi language use.The findings of this thesis make it apparent that collaborative engagement and dialogue between researchers, policymakers and those who are affected by language policies (i.e., teachers and pupils) is necessary to create a productive space for policy and grassroots change that opens spaces for Sámi language use in ways that are beneficial for all.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Belancic, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Writing and play
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: Skrivdidaktik i grundskolan. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144144931 ; , s. 307-326
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bjurman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructural evolution of welded stainless steels on integrated effect of thermal aging and low flux irradiation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Minerals, Metals and Materials Series. - : Springer International Publishing. - 2367-1696 .- 2367-1181. ; Part F11, s. 703-710
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combined effect of thermal aging and irradiation on cast and welded stainless steel solidification structures is not sufficiently investigated. From theory and consecutive aging and irradiation experiments, the effect of simultaneous low rate irradiation and thermal aging is expected to accelerate and modify the aging processes of the ferrite phase. Here, a detailed analysis of long-term aged material at very low fast neutron flux at LWR operating temperatures using Atom Probe Tomography is presented. Samples of weld material from various positions in the core barrel of the Zorita PWR are examined. The welds have been exposed to 280–285 °C for 38 years at three different neutron fluxes between 1 × 10 −5 and 7 × 10 −7 dpa/h to a total dose of 0.15–2 dpa. The aging of the ferrite phase occurs by spinodal decomposition, clustering and precipitation of e.g. G-phase. These phenomena are characterized and quantitatively analyzed in order to understand the effect of flux in combination with thermal aging.
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| 14. |
- Borgström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Brain measures of toddlers’ shape recognition predict language and cognitive skills at 6–7 years
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10:AUG
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While a number of studies have found that an improvement in object shape recognition is associated with language growth in infants and toddlers, no published studies have investigated the longitudinal relation between early shape recognition, and language abilities in later childhood. An electrophysiological measure of semantic processing (the N400) was used to assess shape recognition and general object recognition in a naming context in 20-month-olds. The measures of shape recognition strongly predicted language and cognitive abilities at 6–7 years even after controlling for toddler vocabulary size. The electrophysiological measures of general object recognition were not related to future language or cognitive abilities. These results suggest that early shape recognition abilities may play a role in language acquisition and influence even long-term language outcomes.
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| 15. |
- Borgström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Event-related potentials during word mapping to object shape predict toddlers’ vocabulary size
- 2015
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What role does attention to different object properties play in early vocabulary development? This longitudinal study using event-related potentials in combination with behavioral measures investigated 20- and 24-month-olds’ (n = 38; n = 34; overlapping n = 24) ability to use object shape and object part information in word-object mapping. The N400 component was used to measure semantic priming by images containing shape or detail information. At 20 months, the N400 to words primed by object shape varied in topography and amplitude depending on vocabulary size, and these differences predicted productive vocabulary size at 24 months. At 24 months, when most of the children had vocabularies of several hundred words, the relation between vocabulary size and the N400 effect in a shape context was weaker. Detached object parts did not function as word primes regardless of age or vocabulary size, although the part-objects were identified behaviorally. The behavioral measure, however, also showed relatively poor recognition of the part-objects compared to the shape-objects. These three findings provide new support for the link between shape recognition and early vocabulary development.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Borgström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Substantial gains in word learning ability between 20 and 24 months: A longitudinal ERP study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 149, s. 33-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This longitudinal ERP study investigated changes in children’s ability to map novel words to novel objects during the dynamic period of vocabulary growth between 20 and 24 months. During this four-month period the children on average tripled their productive vocabulary, an increase which was coupled with changes in the N400 effect to pseudoword-referent associations. Moreover, productive vocabulary size was related to the dynamics of semantic processing during novel word learning. In children with large productive vocabularies, the N400 amplitude was linearly reduced during the five experimental learning trials, consistent with the repetition effect typically seen in adults, while in children with smaller vocabularies the N400 attenuation did not appear until the end of the learning phase. Vocabulary size was related only to modulation of the N400 to pseudowords, not to real words. These findings demonstrate a remarkable development of fast mapping ability between 20 and 24 months.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Borgström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Visual event-related potentials to novel objects predict rapid word learning ability in 20-month-olds
- 2017
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 41:5-8, s. 308-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an event-related potentials (ERP) study, twenty-month-old children (n = 37) were presented with pseudowords to map to novel object referents in five presentations. Quicker attenuation of the visual Negative central component (Nc) to novel objects predicted a larger difference in N400 amplitude between congruous and incongruous presentations of pseudowords at test. Furthermore, better initial recognition of familiar objects (Nc difference between familiar and novel objects) predicted the strength of the N400 incongruity effect to the verbal labels of these real objects. This study presents novel evidence for a link between efficient visual processing of objects and word learning ability. © 2016 Kristina Borgström, Janne von Koss Torkildsen, and Magnus Lindgren.
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| 20. |
- Boåsen, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of thermal embrittlement of a low alloy steel weldment using fracture toughness and microstructural investigations
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A thermally aged low alloy steel is investigated in terms of its fracture toughness and microstructural evolution and compared to a reference. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of thermal embrittlement on the brittle fracture toughness, and its effects on the influence of loss of crack tip constraint. Ageing appears to enable brittle fracture initiation from grain boundaries besides initiation from second phase particles, making the fracture toughness distribution bimodal as a result. The consequence is that the constraint effect is significantly reduced when grain boundary initiation dominates the toughness distribution, as compared to the reference material where the constraint effect is significant. The microstructure is investigated at the nano scale using atom probe tomography where nanometer sized Cu-rich clusters are found primarily situated on dislocation lines.
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| 21. |
- Boåsen, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of thermal embrittlement of a low alloy steel weldment using fracture toughness and microstructural investigations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Engineering Fracture Mechanics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7944 .- 1873-7315. ; 262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A thermally aged low alloy steel weld metal is investigated in terms of its fracture toughness and microstructural evolution and compared to a reference. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of embrittlement due to thermal ageing on the brittle fracture toughness, and its effects on the influence of loss of crack tip constraint. The comparison of the investigated materials has been made at temperatures that give the same median fracture toughness of the high constraint specimens, ensuring comparability of the low constraint specimens. Ageing appears to enable brittle fracture initiation from grain boundaries besides initiation from second phase particles, making the fracture toughness distribution bimodal. Consequently, this appears to reduce the facture toughness of the low constraint specimens of the aged material as compared to the reference material. The microstructure is investigated at the nano scale using atom probe tomography where nanometer sized Ni-Mn-rich clusters, precipitated during ageing, are found primarily situated on dislocation lines.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Dippel, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Health and welfare of organic pigs in Europe assessed with animal-based parameters
- 2014
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Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 4:2, s. 149-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic pig farming aims at maintaining a high health and welfare state of the animals through appropriate housing, management and feeding. Better knowledge of health and welfare indicators should help to identify critical points and hence to improve health and welfare as well as performance of organic pigs. This paper describes the health and welfare of organic pigs from 101 farms across six EU countries, using selected animal-based parameters from the Welfare Quality® protocol. Parameters were collected in sows, suckling and weaned piglets in 3 to 20 farms per country. Their assessment was trained before farm visits and inter-observer agreement determined after farm visits. The most prevalent problems identified in sows were thinness (median farm prevalence 18.8 %, range 0–81.0), injuries on the anterior part of the body (15.5 %, 0–66.7), injuries on hind part of body (7.9 %, 0–50), obesity (4.9 %, 0–50.0) and vulva lesions (3.5 %, 0–42.9). In suckling piglets, the median prevalence in terms of groups affected per farm was 0 % for all parameters but ‘> 50 % dirty piglets in group’, for which it was 10 %. Farm prevalence ranged from 0 to 100 % for ‘≥ 1 lame piglet in group’, presence of diarrhoea, and ‘> 50 % dirty piglets in group’. In weaned piglets, the median prevalence in terms of groups affected per farm was 0 % with a range of 0 to 100 % for all parameters. Based on the collected data, body condition, skin and vulva lesions in sows, lameness, diarrhoea and respiratory problems in piglets could be used as management and welfare indicators, with good potential for enhancement through farm improvement schemes like herd health planning. However, some definitions could be improved, especially lameness, diarrhoea and respiratory problems in piglets.
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| 24. |
- Dong, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Atom Probe Tomography Interlaboratory Study on Clustering Analysis in Experimental Data Using the Maximum Separation Distance Approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: Microscopy and Microanalysis. - 1435-8115 .- 1431-9276. ; 25:2, s. 356-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We summarize the findings from an interlaboratory study conducted between ten international research groups and investigate the use of the commonly used maximum separation distance and local concentration thresholding methods for solute clustering quantification. The study objectives are: to bring clarity to the range of applicability of the methods; identify existing and/or needed modifications; and interpretation of past published data. Participants collected experimental data from a proton-irradiated 304 stainless steel and analyzed Cu-rich and Ni-Si rich clusters. The datasets were also analyzed by one researcher to clarify variability originating from different operators. The Cu distribution fulfills the ideal requirements of the maximum separation method (MSM), namely a dilute matrix Cu concentration and concentrated Cu clusters. This enabled a relatively tight distribution of the cluster number density among the participants. By contrast, the group analysis of the Ni-Si rich clusters by the MSM was complicated by a high Ni matrix concentration and by the presence of Si-decorated dislocations, leading to larger variability among researchers. While local concentration filtering could, in principle, tighten the results, the cluster identification step inevitably maintained a high scatter. Recommendations regarding reporting, selection of analysis method, and expected variability when interpreting published data are discussed.
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| 25. |
- Dömstedt, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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New Alumina Forming Martensitic Steels
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The work presents a new category of alloys, Alumina Forming Martensitic (AFM) steels, developed for new clean energy power applications such as thermal solar power and Gen IV nuclear power. The aim was to combine the superior corrosion resistance of the alumina scale with the excellent creep properties of the martensitic structure. The alloys were exposed to liquid lead at 550°C for 1824 hours to evaluate their oxidation properties. In addition, the microstructures were analysed in annealed conditions and after the exposure to assess phase stabilities. Using a variety of characterisation techniques, the studies identified Al-rich oxides formed on the surfaces of both specimens after the exposure with no lead penetration. Moreover, martensite, NiAl precipitates, and different carbides were observed in both alloys.
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| 26. |
- Edström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon electrode morphology and thermal stability of the passivation layer.
- 2001
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Ingår i: J. Power Sources. - 0378-7753. ; 97-98, s. 87-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal stability of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI)-layers formed on graphite, mesocarbon microbeads and carbon-black anodes is shown to be dependent on the type lithium salt used in the electrolyte. Exothermic breakdown of the passivation layers
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Elg Christoffersson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Reactivity of dissolving pulp: characterisation using chemical properties, NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cellulose. ; 9:2, s. 159-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reactivity of dissolving pulp was experimentally determined in termsof residual cellulose in viscose. The correlations between 11 chemicalproperties of pulp and filter values and residual cellulose contents of viscosewere then investigated by multivariate data analysis. Both the viscose filtervalue and the residual cellulose were well modelled from the 11 propertiesby partial least squares regression. The results show that pulps with highacetone extractable fractions, high magnesium contents, low alkali resistanceand low viscosity, gave low viscose filter values and low residual cellulosecontents. Pulps with low residual cellulose contents also had low carboxylgroupcontents and low polydispersity. The results are interpreted as that in pulpwith high reactivity, the hemicellulose content is low and that the cellulosechains are shorter and more soluble in alkali. An explanation of the positiveeffect from the high extractive content is that the extractives facilitate thediffusion of carbon disulfide. A principal component analysis of CP/MAS13C-NMR spectral data of six pulp samples showed that differences inreactivity between the pulps could be explained by variations in the hydrogenbonds in the cellulose and/or changes in the glucosidic bonds. In a separatestudy electron beam processing enhanced the reactivity, i.e. lowered theresidual cellulose content, of the investigated pulps. The magnitude of theelectron dose, within the tested range (5.4–23.7 kGy), didnotseem to be important, but the reactivity within pulp sheets tended to be ratherinhomogeneous.
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| 30. |
- Elzuki, A, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ) may be a risk factor for duodenal ulcer in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - 0036-5521. ; 35:1, s. 32-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract BACKGROUND: Most individuals with Helicobacter pylori infection in Western countries have no evidence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). We therefore assessed the PiZ deficiency variant of the major plasma protease inhibitor alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1AT) as a risk factor for PUD in H. pylori-infected individuals. METHODS: The cohort comprised 100 patients with endoscopically or surgically proven PUD (30 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) and 70 patients with gastric ulcer (GU)) and 162 age- and sex-matched controls with PUD-negative endoscopic findings and no history of PUD. Plasma samples were screened for alpha1AT deficiency (PiZ) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and phenotyped by isoelectric focusing. H. pylori infection was evaluated with an IgG ELISA technique. RESULTS: Among the 262 patients 17 (6.5%) were positive for the PiZ alpha1AT deficiency, a frequency of the same magnitude as in the Swedish general population (4.7%). Of the PiZ carriers 76% (13 of 17) had H. pylori antibodies compared with 61% (151 of 245) of the non-PiZ carriers (NS). The prevalence of DU tended to be higher in H. pylori-positive PiZ carriers than in non-PiZ carriers (15.4%, 4 of 26 versus 0 of 4). Furthermore, among patients with DU a high PiZ allele frequency (13.3%, 4 of 30) was found compared with the general population (4.7%) (odds ratio (OR), 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-8.94; P = 0.02). All DU patients carrying the PiZ allele were positive for H. pylori. In addition, four of five PiZ carriers with H. pylori infection and PUD had DU. CONCLUSIONS: The PiZ allele may be a contributing factor in the development of DU in H. pylori-positive individuals.
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| 31. |
- Erlandsson, Kerstin, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a tool to analyse what resources are needed to implement a midwife-led care framework : the MIDWIZE conceptual framework
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A midwife led care project targeting to decide what to do to achieve the SDG 2030 in maternal and child health, made a project team develop a tool to analyse what health care systems need, to adopt the MIDWIZE Conceptual Framework. The MIDWIZE Conceptual Framework wish to introduce the comprehensive midwifery-managed care provided women in Sweden to other countries, regions, and units where the framework is not fully applied.METHODS: In order to determine what resource needs would have to be met to improve midwife led care, a tool was developed using Delphi study technique.RESULTS: Using Delphi study technique together with on-site visits to two Sub-Saharan African countries, members of a project team went to Ethiopia and Uganda, where they visited governments, clinical or educational institutions and together with African leaders developed availability and efficiency of a tool to determine resource needs.CONCLUSION: If at some future time, a single country, region or unit, might want to use the tool for quality improvement purpose of midwife led care, then the tool might aid in taking the first step to determine what resources might be required and what changes might be recommended as concerns policy at the clinical or educational institution level that are part of already existing health care structures.
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| 32. |
- Garkavij, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced radioimmunotargeting of 125I-labeled L6-biotin monoclonal antibody (MAb) by combining preload of cold L6 MAb and subsequent immunoadsorption in rats
- 1995
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 1538-7445. ; 55:23 Suppl, s. 5874-5880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates whether tumor:normal tissue uptake ratios of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies can be further improved by a combination of extracorporeal immunoadsorption (ECIA) and preload with unlabeled idiotypic monoclonal antibody. Athymic rats, heterotransplanted with human lung carcinoma under the kidney capsule (SR tumor) and i.m. (IM tumor), were divided into four study groups: controls, ECIA, preload, and combined preload+ECIA. The preload+ECIA procedure reduced the whole-body and plasma activity by 48 and 89%, respectively. After such combined procedure, the uptake of 125I-labeled L6-biotin in SR tumors was unchanged, while the uptake in normal tissues was considerably reduced. Tumor (T):bone marrow ratio was then increased by 17.5 times (after ECIA) and by 4.5 times (24 h after ECIA). Similar enhancements were achieved for T:liver and T:kidney ratios. For the IM tumors, the ratios were not as high as for SR tumors. The effects on T:normal ratios of preload+ECIA in combination were synergistic. The combined procedure resulted both in an increased uptake and prolonged persistence of 125I-labeled L6-biotin in the SR tumors and also in a reduction of corresponding uptake values in organs critical for radiation.
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| 33. |
- Garkavij, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Improving radioimmonotargeting of tumors. Variation in the amount of L6 MAb administered, combined with an immunoadsorption system (ECIA)
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 32:7-8, s. 853-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracorporeal immunoadsorption (ECIA) is a new method for the selective removal of circulating radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAb) from plasma to increase the uptake in tumor versus normal tissues (T/N-ratio). To ascertain whether the amount of MAb affects T/N ratios immediately and 24 h after ECIA, we used a rat model with two tumor sites--one intramuscular (im) and one below the subrenal capsule (SR). Extracorporeal immunoadsorption was done with an avidin-agarose column after injection of 125I-labeled biotinylated L6 MAb. The animals received 10, 50 or 250 micrograms of L6 only (controls), or followed by ECIA. The efficacy of the procedure in removing plasma activity was 80-95%. For both tumor sites, the highest T/N-ratios were obtained with 10 micrograms L6. All T/N-ratios significantly improved for SR tumors by a factor ranging from 3.2 (lung) to 12.6 (bone marrow). The T/N-ratios were still elevated 24 h after ECIA. Injection of larger amounts of MAb, probably causing a higher degree of tumor saturation, will not necessarily improve the T/N ratio after ECIA.
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| 34. |
- Ge, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of thermal aging on microstructure and carbides of SA508/Alloy 52 dissimilar metal weld
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - 1044-5803. ; 200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A narrow-gap SA508/Alloy 52 dissimilar metal weld (DMW) mock-up, fully representative of an actual nuclear component, was investigated in this work. The microstructure and carbides formed in the low alloy steel fusion boundary (FB) and heat affected zone (HAZ) can act as brittle fracture initiators and could influence the brittle fracture behavior. However, the amount of information available in the open literature on the microstructural changes and carbide formation in DMW occurring upon post-weld heat treatment and long-term thermal aging is very limited. The microstructure and carbide type, morphology and size in the carbide precipitation zone (CPZ, up to 1.5 μm from FB), carbon depletion zone (CDZ, up to 40–50 μm from FB) and HAZ (up to 2 mm from FB) of the plant-relevant DMW in post-weld heat-treated and thermally-aged (400 °C for 15,000 h, corresponding to 90 years of operation) conditions were analyzed with analytical electron microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and atom probe tomography. Long-term thermal aging increases the microhardness peak close to the FB, triples the width of the CPZ and coarsens the carbide size in the HAZ (up to a magnitude). There is no evidence of a significant phosphorus segregation to grain boundaries due to thermal aging.
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| 35. |
- Grdic, Dubravka, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Splenic marginal zone dendritic cells mediate the cholera toxin adjuvant effect: dependence on the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the holotoxin.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - 0022-1767. ; 175:8, s. 5192-202
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The in vivo mechanisms of action of most vaccine adjuvants are poorly understood. In this study, we present data in mice that reveal a series of critical interactions between the cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant and the dendritic cells (DC) of the splenic marginal zone (MZ) that lead to effective priming of an immune response. For the first time, we have followed adjuvant targeting of MZ DC in vivo. We used CT-conjugated OVA and found that the Ag selectively accumulated in MZ DC following i.v. injections. The uptake of Ag into DC was GM1 ganglioside receptor dependent and mediated by the B subunit of CT (CTB). The targeted MZ DC were quite unique in their phenotype: CD11c(+), CD8alpha(-), CD11b(-), B220(-), and expressing intermediate or low levels of MHC class II and DEC205. Whereas CTB only delivered the Ag to MZ DC, the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of CT was required for the maturation and migration of DC to the T cell zone, where these cells distinctly up-regulated CD86, but not CD80. This interaction appeared to instruct Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells to move into the B cell follicle and strongly support germinal center formations. These events may explain why CT-conjugated Ag is substantially more immunogenic than Ag admixed with soluble CT and why CTB-conjugated Ag can tolerize immune responses when given orally or at other mucosal sites.
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| 36. |
- Gruber, Hans, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of boron and zirconium on the microcracking susceptibility of IN-738LC derivatives in laser powder bed fusion
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332. ; 573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of boron (<0.01 to 0.03 wt%) and zirconium (<0.01 to 0.07 wt%) on the microcracking susceptibility of the γ’-strengthened Ni-base superalloy IN-738LC during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) was studied using custom designed powder grades. It was found that both elements have a strong effect on the microcracking susceptibility, the microcracks are located at high angle grain boundaries based on EBSD measurements and crack density increases with the content of both elements. High crack density in the material with high boron and zirconium content corresponds to a large fraction of intergranular decohesion facets exhibiting a dendritic morphology on the fracture surface, typical for solidification cracking. Investigation of the fracture surface chemistry by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates that considerable amounts of B and Zr are present in oxide state. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) confirms that both elements are segregated to the intergranular decohesion facets on the fracture surface. Thin layers of B- and Zr-containing oxide on the microcrack surfaces were indicated by atom probe tomography (APT) as well. Hence, it is suggested that the cracking susceptibility of the studied alloying system is caused by formation of B- and Zr-containing oxide at high-angle grain boundaries during solidification.
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| 37. |
- Gudjonsson, Sigurdur, et al.
(författare)
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Can tissue microarray-based analysis of protein expression predict recurrence of stage Ta bladder cancer?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2065 .- 0036-5599. ; 45, s. 270-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. Being able to predict the recurrence or progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer would facilitate effective planning of treatments and follow-up. Biomarkers are needed that can supply prognostic information beyond that provided by clinical and pathological parameters. Tissue microarray (TMA)-based analysis of Ta bladder tumours was used to investigate the prognostic value of expression of several proteins involved in bladder carcinogenesis. Material and methods. Tumour tissue from 52 patients with Ta bladder cancer was investigated. At least three 0.6 mm punch cores from each tumour were placed in a paraffin array block. Tumour expression of tumour protein 53 (TP53), CDH1 (E-cadherin), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with time to recurrence. Median follow-up time was 3.1 years. Whole-section IHC analysis was performed to validate significant findings. Results. Of all patients, 69% (36/52) experienced recurrence. In univariate analysis, recurrence was associated with multifocality, number of earlier recurrences and a low quantity score for EGFR. In a multivariate model, a low EGFR quantity score was correlated with early recurrence (hazard ratio = 5.5, p = 0.003). However, whole-section IHC results for EGFR differed markedly from the TMA findings (κ = 0.07) and no association with time to recurrence was found (p = 0.65). Conclusions. Expression of EGFR measured by TMA-IHC, but not by whole-section IHC, was associated with early recurrence. The results suggest that the proteins assessed have no predictive value for recurrences. Concerns are raised regarding the methodology and generalization of results obtained with TMA-IHC.
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| 38. |
- Gulyas, Miklos, et al.
(författare)
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COX-2 expression and effects of celecoxib in addition to standard chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is proposed as a treatment option in several cancer types. However, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), phase III trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of adding COX-2 inhibitors to standard chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyse COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells as predictive biomarker for COX-2 inhibition.Methods: In the multicenter phase III trial, 316 patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive celecoxib (400 mg b.i.d.) or placebo up to one year in addition to a two-drug platinum-based chemotherapy combination. In a subset of 122 patients, archived tumor tissue was available for immunohistochemical analysis of COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells.Results: An updated analysis of all 316 patients included in the original trial, and of the 122 patients with available tumor tissue, showed no survival differences between the celecoxib and placebo arms (HR 1.01; 95%CI 0.81-1.27 and HR 1.12; 95%CI 0.78-1.61, respectively). Similarly, in patients with high COX-2 expression in tumor cells (n=71) or stromal cells (n=55), survival did not differ significantly between patients who received celecoxib or placebo (HR 1.07; 95%CI 0.74-1.54 and HR 0.80; 95%CI 0.56-1.15). No significant interaction effect between COX-2 score in tumor or stromal cells and celecoxib effect on survival was detected (p=0.48 and 0.25, respectively).Conclusion: In this subgroup analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC, we could not detect any significant interaction between COX-2 expression in tumor or stromal cells and outcome of celecoxib treatment in addition to standard chemotherapy.
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| 39. |
- Gulyas, Miklos, et al.
(författare)
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COX-2 expression and effects of celecoxib in addition to standard chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:2, s. 244-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is proposed as a treatment option in several cancer types. However, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), phase III trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of adding COX-2 inhibitors to standard chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells as predictive biomarker for COX-2 inhibition.Methods: In a multicenter phase III trial, 316 patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive celecoxib (400 mg b.i.d.) or placebo up to one year in addition to a two-drug platinum-based chemotherapy combination. In a subset of 122 patients, archived tumor tissue was available for immunohistochemical analysis of COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells. For each compartment, COX-2 expression was graded as high or low, based on a product score of extension and intensity of positively stained cells.Results: An updated analysis of all 316 patients included in the original trial, and of the 122 patients with available tumor tissue, showed no survival differences between the celecoxib and placebo arms (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.81–1.27 and HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.78–1.61, respectively). High COX-2 scores in tumor (n = 71) or stromal cells (n = 55) was not associated with a superior survival outcome with celecoxib vs. placebo (HR =0.96, 95% CI 0.60–1.54; and HR =1.51; 95% CI 0.86–2.66), and no significant interaction effect between COX-2 score in tumor or stromal cells and celecoxib effect on survival was detected (p = .48 and .25, respectively).Conclusions: In this subgroup analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC treated within the context of a randomized trial, we could not detect any interaction effect of COX-2 expression in tumor or stromal cells and the outcome of celecoxib treatment in addition to standard chemotherapy.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Hearn, William, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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In situ tempering of martensite during laser powder bed fusion of Fe-0.45C steel
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-1529. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), materials experience cyclic re-heating as new layers are deposited, inducing an in situ tempering effect. In this study, the effect of this phenomenon on the tempering of martensite during L-PBF was examined for Fe-0.45C steel. Detailed scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, and hardness measurements indicated that martensite was initially in a quenched-like state after layer solidification, with carbon atoms segregating to dislocations and to martensite lath boundaries. Subsequent tempering of this quenched-like martensite was the result of two in situ phenomena: (i) micro-tempering within the heat affected zone and (ii) macro-tempering due to heat conduction and subsequent heat accumulation. Hardness measurements showed that although both influenced martensite tempering, micro-tempering had the most significant effect, as it reduced martensite hardness by up to ∼380 HV. This reduction was due to the precipitation of nano-sized Fe3C carbides at the previously carbon-enriched boundaries. Lastly, the magnitude of in situ tempering was found to be related to the energy input, where increasing the volumetric energy density from 60 to 190 J/mm3 reduced martensite hardness by ∼100 HV. These findings outline the stages of martensite tempering during L-PBF and indicate that the level of tempering can be adjusted by tailoring the processing parameters.
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| 43. |
- Holmberg, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Arts education and discourse analysis in Sweden : perspectives and contexts of application
- 2011
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Ingår i: Third New Zealand Discourse Conference, Engaging with Discourse, 5–7 December 2011. - : The Institute of Culture, Discourse & Communication (ICDC).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade different forms of discourse analysis have emerged in research on Arts education in Sweden. It includes macro- as well as micro oriented studies and embraces perspectives such as discursive psychology, critical discourse analysis, discourse theory and Foucault inspired analysis. The application is spread to a wide range of educational contexts from pre- and elementary school to higher education at universities as well as to schools of music and art. The purpose of this paper is two-folded: i) to give some examples on how discourse analysis have been used in Swedish research on Arts education and ii) discuss this in a meta-perspective focusing on similarities and differences according to empirical material and results. Data consists of four larger research projects completed during the last five years, all conducted by the authors. In a meta-perspective, all four studies enclosed, two kinds of approaches are shown: Word-level analysis, identified as rhetorical actions in group-conversations, and practice-oriented analysis, identified as rhetorical actions in classroom praxis. Both approaches aim to identify hegemony and antagonistic discourses, and also to problematize the subject agency and what possible subject positions they open up for. The relation discourse-subject also contributes to the analysis of the over-determined subject and ideological dilemmas. According to the results, the area of Arts education in Sweden seems to be a battlefield of different discoursers. For example, this is shown by different ideological dilemmas related to activities in the music classroom and in the questions of democracy and pupil influence that rises in the studies. Among teacher educators in arts education two prominent discourses are shown: The first is a relativization of the concept of quality, and the second is that lack of subject knowledge is articulated as a teacher quality. With Foucaultian discourse analysis, questions of power and control in arts education are handled. In line with this, democracy and knowledge formation are then put into focus, something that is also discussed in this presentation.
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| 44. |
- Holmberg, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Snacking on Knowledge and Feel Good : Challenging discourses on arts in education
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Philosophy in Arts Education. - 2002-4665. ; 1:1, s. 38-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to re-think the results of four larger studies conducted by the authors during the last decade, all with a discourse analytical approach. The studies are empirical and concern the Swedish field of arts in education and deal with a comprehensive material consisting of interviews, observations and field notes. In the results of these studies three prominent discourses emerges. A Curriculum discourse, where content knowledge is connected to traditions, norms and values of educational institutions, a Feel-good discourse that deals with content knowledge where social and personal aspects are essential, and a Snacking on knowledge discourse where content knowledge is portrayed as something students are able to pick and choose according to their own preference. Ideas of late modern society and arts in education are then used as a basis to carry out a critical discussion about the emerging discourses. Also different teacher and student positions are problematized.
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| 45. |
- Holmlund, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Group supervision for nursing students during their clinical placements : its content and meaning
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 18:6, s. 678-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To explore what situations students focus on during group supervision sessions, and what this supervision meant to nursing students during their clinical placements. Background Knowledge about clinical supervision of nursing students in groups is scarce concerning what situations the students bring to the sessions. Method Open-ended questionnaires were filled out by students after each session. Qualitative content analysis was performed. Results The content evolved as: being a nursing student, encountering demanding situations and becoming a nurse. The meaning of group supervision was captured in the categories: 'satisfaction of being together in the supervision group', 'new understanding and insights' and 'hesitation and discomfort'. A change of pattern was found over time showing a development among the students from a self-centred focus to a profession-centred focus. Conclusion The value of group supervision as a tool to support nursing students' personal and professional development was emphasized. The students' great need for and lack of support in 'bed-side nursing' was obvious. Implications for nursing management Our findings would be valuable for nurse managers when striving for a good learning environment in clinical placements, as well as for nursing teachers, in their supportive role to both students and preceptors.
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| 46. |
- Hosseini, Vahid, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Fe and Cr phase separation in super and hyper duplex stainless steel plates and welds after very short aging times
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fe and Cr phase separation in ferrite, causing 475°C-embrittlement, was studied after very short aging times in super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) and hyper duplex stainless steel (HDSS) plates and welds. Atom probe tomography showed that hot-rolled SDSS, experiencing significant metal working, had faster kinetics of phase separations compared to the SDSS and HDSS welds after 5 min aging at 475 °C. The surface of the 33-mm SDSS plate had faster Fe and Cr phase separation and larger toughness drop. A higher density of dislocations next to the austenite phase boundary in ferrite, detected by electron channeling contrast, can promote the phase separation at the surface of the plate with lower austenite spacing. The toughness dropped in HDSS welds after aging, but SDSS welds maintained their toughness. An inverse simulation method considering an initial sinusoidal nanometric Cr and Fe fluctuation showed that Ni increases the interdiffusion of Cr in the system, resulting a higher degree of phase separation in SDSS welds than the HDSS weld. Within the composition range of the studied SDSS and HDSS materials, the processing influences the Fe and Cr phase separation more than the variation in composition during short aging or typical fabrication times.
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| 47. |
- Hosseini, Vahid, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Fabrication Route and Copper Content on Nature and Kinetics of 475 °C- Embrittlement in Cu-Containing Super Duplex Stainless Steels
- 2023
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Ingår i: Steel Research International. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 4, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of hot-rolling, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), welding, as well as copper content on 475 °C-embrittlement is studied in super duplex stainless steels. The as-received samples are solution annealed and quenched. Then, to study the kinetics and nature of phase transformations during fabrication, the samples are aged for a very short duration of 5 min at 475 °C. Atom probe tomography results reveal that the processes involving more plastic deformation such as hot rolling and HIP accelerate chromium and iron phase separation and cause precipitation of copper-rich particles (CRPs) in ferrite, resulting in significant toughness loss. In contrast, the weld does not show a high level of chromium and iron phase separation or CRPs precipitation, preserving its toughness after the short aging. The experiment and the inverse interdiffusion calculations reveal that raising the copper content slow down chromium and iron phase separation but significantly increase the CRP number density and decrease the toughness of the HIPed material. Precipitation simulation of CPRs show that the model must be modified based on each processing condition. It is concluded that hot rolling and HIP accelerate 475 °C-embrittlement, which cannot be prevented by raising the copper content.
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| 48. |
- Hosseini, Vahid, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale phase separations in as-fabricated thick super duplex stainless steels
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : SPRINGER. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 56:21, s. 12475-12485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoscale phase separations, and effects of these, were studied for thick super duplex stainless steel products by atom probe tomography and mechanical testing. Although nanoscale phase separations typically occur during long-time service at intermediate temperatures (300-500 degrees C, our results show that slowly cooled products start to develop Fe and Cr separation and/or precipitation of Cu-rich particles already during fabrication. Copper significantly slowed down the kinetics at the expense of Cu-rich particle precipitation, where the high-copper material subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP), with Delta t(500-400) of 160 s and the low-copper hot-rolled plate with Delta t(500-400) of 2 s had the same level of Fe and Cr separation. The phase separations resulted in lower toughness and higher hardness of the HIP material than for hot-rolled plate. Therefore, both local cooling rate dependent and alloy composition governed variations of phase separations can be expected in as-fabricated condition.
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| 49. |
- Hosseini, Vahid, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Precipitation kinetics of Cu-rich particles in super duplex stainless steels
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2238-7854. ; 15, s. 3951-3964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex precipitation behavior of Cu-rich particles (CRPs) was investigated and simulated in continuously cooled and quench-aged super duplex stainless steel. Atom probe tomography (APT) and scanning electron microscopy showed that slow cooling resulted in nonuniform multimodal CRP precipitation and spinodal decomposition, while in the fast cooled and quench-aged conditions, more uniform precipitation of CRPs with no visible spinodal decomposition was found. Depletion of Cu, Ni, and Mn was observed in the ferrite next to the CRPs during growth, but not during dissolution. Some evidence of Ostwald ripening was seen after slow cooling, but in the quench-aged condition, particle coalescence was observed. Large CRPs disappeared next to a ferrite–austenite phase boundary after slow cooling when Cu was depleted due to the diffusion to austenite as also predicted by moving boundary Dictra simulation. Comparing Cu depleted areas next to CRPs analyzed by APT and moving boundary Dictra simulation of CRP–ferrite showed that the effective Cu diffusion coefficient during the early-stage precipitation was about 300 times higher than the Cu diffusion coefficient in ferrite at 475 °C. Using the effective diffusion coefficient and a size-dependent interfacial energy equation, CRP size distribution was successfully predicted by the Langer–Schwartz model implemented in Thermo-Calc Prisma. Applying a short aging time and continuous cooling increased the hardness and decreased the toughness values compared to the solution annealed condition. A nonuniform distribution of Cu in ferrite, the duplex structure, and partitioning of alloying elements among different phases are factors making CRP precipitation in duplex stainless steels complex.
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| 50. |
- Hrehová, Kristína, et al.
(författare)
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Firm Relocations, Commuting and Relationship Stability
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we study the impact of firm relocations on commuting distance and the probability of married couples and cohabiting couples with children separating. We use Swedish register data for 2010-2016 and select employees of relocating firms with one workplace and more than 10 employees. Focusing on this sample allows us to use plausibly exogenous variation in the commuting distance arising from the relocation. We extend the literature on the effect of commuting on relationship stability by reducing the possibility for unobserved time-variant factors to bias our estimates. While previous literature has focused on the difference between short- and long-distance commuting, we focus on changes in the commuting distance that are externally induced by firm management. We find a small but statistically significant negative effect of increased firm relocation distance on family stability. A 10 km change in commuting distance leads to a 0.09 percentage point higher probability of separation if the commuter remains with the firm for the next 5 years.
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